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Cabletron Systems SmartSwitch Router User's Reference Manual
Summary of SmartSwitch Router
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 9032578-02.
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Notice 2 ssr user reference manual.
Page 3: Notice
Ssr user reference manual 3 notice notice cabletron systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult cabletron systems to determine whether any such changes have been made. The h...
Page 4: Vcci Notice
Notice 4 ssr user reference manual vcci notice this is a class a product based on the standard of the voluntary control council for interference by information technology equipment (vcci). If this equipment is used in a domestic environment, radio disturbance may arise. When such trouble occurs, the...
Page 5: Declaration of Conformity
Ssr user reference manual 5 notice declaration of conformity addendum application of council directive(s): 89/336/eec 73/23/eec manufacturer’s name: cabletron systems, inc. Manufacturer’s address: 35 industrial way po box 5005 rochester, nh 03867 european representative name: mr. J. Solari european ...
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Notice 6 ssr user reference manual.
Page 7: Contents
Smartswitch router user reference manual 7 contents preface ..................................................................................................... 15 about this manual .............................................................................................................. ..15 w...
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Contents 8 smartswitch router user reference manual port-based vlans .................................................................................................. 35 mac-address-based vlans................................................................................. 35 protocol-based vlans....
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 9 contents assigning ip/ipx interfaces..........................................................................................51 chapter 4: rip configuration guide ...................................................... 53 rip overview..........................
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Contents 10 smartswitch router user reference manual notes on using communities ............................................................................... 97 local_pref attribute example ...................................................................................... 97 notes on using the...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 11 contents creating an aggregate destination............................................................................126 creating an aggregate source ....................................................................................126 examples of impor...
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Contents 12 smartswitch router user reference manual ipx addresses............................................................................................................... 153 configuring ipx interfaces and parameters.................................................................... 154 conf...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 13 contents configure acl ..............................................................................................................176 defining an ip acl ...............................................................................................176 d...
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Contents 14 smartswitch router user reference manual configuration for router r2................................................................................ 197 symmetrical configuration ........................................................................................ 197 configuration of...
Page 15: Preface
Smartswitch router user reference manual 15 preface about this manual this manual provides detailed information and procedures for configuring the smartswitch router ssr software. If you have not yet installed the ssr, use the instructions in the smartswitch router getting started guide to install t...
Page 16: How To Use This Manual
Preface 16 smartswitch router user reference manual how to use this manual related documentation the cabletron systems documentation set includes the following items. Refer to these other documents to learn more about your product. If you want to see read overview information chapter 1 on page 17 co...
Page 17: Chapter 1
Smartswitch router user reference manual 17 chapter 1 smartswitch router product overview the smartswitch router (ssr) provides non-blocking, wire-speed layer-2 (switching), layer-3 (routing) and layer-4 (application) switching. The hardware provides wire-speed performance regardless of the performa...
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Chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview 18 smartswitch router user reference manual the following table lists the basic hardware and software specifications for the ssr: table 1. Ssr hardware and software specifications feature specification throughput • 16-gbps non-blocking switching fabric ...
Page 19: Supported Routing Protocols
Smartswitch router user reference manual 19 chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview supported media (encapsulation type) the ssr supports the following industry-standard networking media: • ip: ieee 802.3 snap and ethernet type ii • ipx: ieee 802.3 snap, ethernet type ii, ipx 802.3, 802.2 • 8...
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Chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview 20 smartswitch router user reference manual – service advertising protocol (sap) chapter 9: “ipx routing configuration guide” on page 151 describes these protocols in detail. Configuring the cabletron smartswitch router the ssr provides a command line i...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 21 chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview access modes the ssr cli has four access modes. • user – allows you to display basic information and use basic utilities such as ping but does not allow you to display snmp, filter and access control list info...
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Chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview 22 smartswitch router user reference manual user mode after you log in to the ssr, you are automatically in user mode. The user commands available are a subset of those available in enable mode. In general, the user commands allow you to display basic i...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 23 chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview to list the enable commands, enter: the enable mode command prompt consists of the ssr name followed by the pound sign(#): to list the commands available in enable mode, enter a question mark (?) as shown in t...
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Chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview 24 smartswitch router user reference manual to exit enable mode and return to user mode, use one of the following commands: configure mode configure mode provides the capabilities to configure all features and functions on the ssr. You can configure fea...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 25 chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview to exit configure mode and return to enable mode, use one of the following commands: boot prom mode if your ssr does not find a valid system image on the external pcmcia flash, the system might enter programma...
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Chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview 26 smartswitch router user reference manual ssr boots, the boot image is executed first, followed by the system image and finishing with a configuration file. Boot and system image only one boot image exists on the internal flash of the ssr control modu...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 27 chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview note: in this example, the location “pc-flash” indicates that the ssr is set to use the factory-installed software on the flash card. 2. Copy the software upgrade you want to install onto a tftp server that th...
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Chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview 28 smartswitch router user reference manual here is an example: in this example, the location “pc-flash” indicates that the ssr is set to use the factory- installed software on the flash card. 2. Copy the software upgrade you want to install onto a tftp...
Page 29: Managing The Ssr
Smartswitch router user reference manual 29 chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview 4. The cli displays the following message: 5. Enter yes or y to activate the changes. Note: if you exit configure mode (by entering the exit command or pressing ctrl+z), the cli will ask you whether you want t...
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Chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview 30 smartswitch router user reference manual set ssr name the ssr name is set to ssr by default. You may customize the name for the ssr by entering the following command in configure mode:. Set ssr date and time the ssr system time can keep track of time...
Page 31: Monitoring Configuration
Smartswitch router user reference manual 31 chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview configure snmp services the ssr accepts snmp sets and gets from an snmp manager. You can configure ssr snmp parameters including community strings and trap server target addresses. To configure the ssr snmp co...
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Chapter 1: smartswitch router product overview 32 smartswitch router user reference manual show the snmp community strings. Snmp show community show snmp related statistics. Snmp show statistics show trap target related configuration. Snmp show trap show the active configuration of the system. Syste...
Page 33: Chapter 2
Smartswitch router user reference manual 33 chapter 2 bridging configuration guide bridging overview the smartswitch router provides the following bridging functions: • complies with the ieee 802.1d standard • complies with the igmp multicast bridging standard • provides wire-speed address-based bri...
Page 34: Vlan Overview
Chapter 2: bridging configuration guide 34 smartswitch router user reference manual note: wan interfaces on the ssr do not currently support spanning tree operations. However, future implementations of wan for the ssr family of routers will support spanning tree. Bridging modes (flow-based and addre...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 35 chapter 2: bridging configuration guide • mac address based • protocol based • subnet based • multicast based • policy based detailed information about these types of vlans is beyond the scope of this manual. Each type of vlan is briefly explained in the f...
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Chapter 2: bridging configuration guide 36 smartswitch router user reference manual multicast-based vlans multicast-based vlans are created dynamically for multicast groups. Typically, each multicast group corresponds to a different vlan. This ensures that multicast frames are received only by those...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 37 chapter 2: bridging configuration guide the ssr as a result of creating l3 interfaces for ip and/or ipx. However, these implicit vlans do not need to be created or configured manually. The implicit vlans created by the ssr are subnet-based vlans. Most comm...
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Chapter 2: bridging configuration guide 38 smartswitch router user reference manual for example, if port 1 belongs to vlan ipx_vlan for ipx, vlan ip_vlan for ip and vlan other_vlan for any other protocol, then an ip frame received by port 1 is classified as belonging to vlan ip_vlan. Trunk ports (80...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 39 chapter 2: bridging configuration guide the corresponding bridge tables for address-based and flow-based bridging are shown below. As shown, the bridge table contains more information on the traffic patterns when flow-based bridging enabled compared to add...
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Chapter 2: bridging configuration guide 40 smartswitch router user reference manual note: if you are running spanning tree on one or more vlans, you must enable spanning tree on all ports belonging to each vlan. Adjust spanning-tree parameters you may need to adjust certain spanning-tree parameters ...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 41 chapter 2: bridging configuration guide to set an interface priority, enter the following command in configure mode: assign port costs each interface has a port cost associated with it. By convention, the port cost is 1000/data rate of the attached lan, in...
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Chapter 2: bridging configuration guide 42 smartswitch router user reference manual define the maximum age if a bridge does not hear bpdus from the root bridge within a specified interval, it assumes that the network has changed and recomputes the spanning-tree topology. To change the default interv...
Page 43: Monitor Bridging
Smartswitch router user reference manual 43 chapter 2: bridging configuration guide configure bridging for non-ip/ipx protocols by default, all non-routable protocols (appletalk and decnet) are bridged within the ssr. All physical ports containing non-routable protocols should be assigned to the sam...
Page 44: Configuration Examples
Chapter 2: bridging configuration guide 44 smartswitch router user reference manual configuration examples creating an ip or ipx vlan vlans are used to associate physical ports on the ssr with connected hosts that may be physically separated but need to participate in the same broadcast domain. To a...
Page 45: Chapter 3
Smartswitch router user reference manual 45 chapter 3 ip routing configuration guide this chapter describes how to configure ip interfaces and general non-protocol-specific routing parameters. Ip routing overview internet protocol (ip) is a packet-based protocol used to exchange data over computer n...
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Chapter 3: ip routing configuration guide 46 smartswitch router user reference manual the ssr supports standards based tcp, udp, and ip. Ip routing protocols the ssr supports standards based unicast and multicast routing. Unicast routing protocol support include interior gateway protocols and exteri...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 47 chapter 3: ip routing configuration guide configuring ip interfaces and parameters this section provides an overview of configuring various ip parameters and setting up ip interfaces. Configure ip addresses to ports you can configure one ip interface direc...
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Chapter 3: ip routing configuration guide 48 smartswitch router user reference manual • 802.3 snap: snap ieee 802.3 encapsulation, in which the type code becomes the frame length for the ieee 802.2 llc encapsulation (destination and source service access points, and a control byte) to configure ip e...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 49 chapter 3: ip routing configuration guide configure dns parameters the ssr can be configured to specify dns servers which supply name services for dns requests. You can specify up to three dns servers. To configure dns servers, enter the following command ...
Page 50: Monitor Ip Parameters
Chapter 3: ip routing configuration guide 50 smartswitch router user reference manual • netbios datagram server (port 138) • tacacs server (port 49) • time service (port 37) to configure a destination to which udp packets will be forwarded, enter the following command in configure mode: configure di...
Page 51: Configuration Examples
Smartswitch router user reference manual 51 chapter 3: ip routing configuration guide configuration examples assigning ip/ipx interfaces to enable routing on the ssr, you must assign an ip or ipx interface to a vlan. To assign an ip or ipx interface named ‘red’ to the ‘blue’ vlan, enter the followin...
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Chapter 3: ip routing configuration guide 52 smartswitch router user reference manual.
Page 53: Chapter 4
Smartswitch router user reference manual 53 chapter 4 rip configuration guide rip overview this chapter describes how to configure routing information protocol (rip) in the smartswitch router. Rip is a distance-vector routing protocol for use in small networks. Rip is described in rfc 1723. A router...
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Chapter 4: rip configuration guide 54 smartswitch router user reference manual enabling and disabling rip to enable or disable rip, enter one of the following commands in configure mode. Configuring rip interfaces to configure rip in the ssr, you must first add interfaces to inform rip about attache...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 55 chapter 4: rip configuration guide to change rip parameters, enter the following commands in configure mode. Configure rip route preference you can set the preference of routes learned from rip. To configure rip route preference, enter the following comman...
Page 56: Monitoring Rip
Chapter 4: rip configuration guide 56 smartswitch router user reference manual configure rip route default-metric you can define the metric used when advertising routes via rip that were learned from other protocols. The default value for this parameter is 16 (unreachable). To export routes from oth...
Page 57: Configuration Example
Smartswitch router user reference manual 57 chapter 4: rip configuration guide configuration example show detailed information of response packets sent by the router. Rip trace response send show detailed information of request packets sent by the router. Rip trace send request show rip timer inform...
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Chapter 4: rip configuration guide 58 smartswitch router user reference manual.
Page 59: Chapter 5
Smartswitch router user reference manual 59 chapter 5 ospf configuration guide ospf overview open shortest path first (ospf) is a link-state routing protocol that supports ip subnetting and authentication. The ssr supports ospf version 2.0 as defined in rfc 1583. Each link-state message contains all...
Page 60: Configure Ospf
Chapter 5: ospf configuration guide 60 smartswitch router user reference manual ospf multipath the ssr also supports ospf and static multi-path. If multiple equal-cost ospf or static routes have been defined for any destination, then the ssr “discovers” and uses all of them. The ssr will automatical...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 61 chapter 5: ospf configuration guide configure ospf interface parameters you can configure the ospf interface parameters shown in the table below. To configure ospf interface parameters, enter one of the following commands in configure mode: table 3. Ospf i...
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Chapter 5: ospf configuration guide 62 smartswitch router user reference manual configure an ospf area ospf areas are a collection of subnets that are grouped in a logical fashion. These areas communicate with other areas via the backbone area. Once ospf areas are created, you can add interfaces, st...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 63 chapter 5: ospf configuration guide configure ospf area parameters the ssr allows configuration of various ospf area parameters, including stub areas, stub cost and authentication method. Stub areas are areas into which information on external routes is no...
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Chapter 5: ospf configuration guide 64 smartswitch router user reference manual to configure virtual links, enter the following commands in the configure mode. Configure autonomous system external (ase) link advertisements these parameters specify the defaults used when importing ospf as external (a...
Page 65: Monitoring Ospf
Smartswitch router user reference manual 65 chapter 5: ospf configuration guide monitoring ospf the ssr provides display of ospf statistics and configurations contained in the routing table. Information displayed provides routing and performance information. To display ospf information, enter the fo...
Page 66: Ospf Configuration Examples
Chapter 5: ospf configuration guide 66 smartswitch router user reference manual ospf configuration examples for all examples in this section, refer to the configuration shown in figure 1 on page 70 . The following configuration commands for router r1: • determine the ip address for each interface • ...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 67 chapter 5: ospf configuration guide exporting all interface & static routes to ospf router r1 has several static routes. We would export these static routes as type-2 ospf routes. The interface routes would be redistributed as type-1 ospf routes. 1. Create...
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Chapter 5: ospf configuration guide 68 smartswitch router user reference manual router r1 would like to redistribute its ospf, ospf-ase, rip, static and interface/direct routes into rip. 1. Enable rip on interface 120.190.1.1/16. 2. Create a ospf export destination for type-1 routes. 3. Create a osp...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 69 chapter 5: ospf configuration guide 9. Create a rip export destination. 10. Create ospf export source. 11. Create ospf-ase export source. 12. Create the export-policy for redistributing all interface, rip, static, ospf and ospf- ase routes into rip. Ip-rou...
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Ch apte r 5: o s pf config uration guide 7 0 s m a rts wi tc h route r us e r refe renc e m a nu al figure 1. Exporting to ospf bgp r1 r2 r3 r41 r42 r6 r11 a r e a b a c k b o n e a r e a 140.1.0.0 (r ip v 2 ) 140.1.1.1/24 140.1.2.1/24 140.1.5/24 140.1.4/24 190.1.1.1/16 120.190.1.1/16 160.1.5.2/24 r...
Page 71: Chapter 6
Smartswitch router user reference manual 71 chapter 6 bgp configuration guide bgp overview the border gateway protocol (bgp) is an exterior gateway protocol that allows ip routers to exchange network reachability information. Bgp became an internet standard in 1989 (rfc 1105) and the current version...
Page 72: Basic Bgp Tasks
Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 72 smartswitch router user reference manual the ssr bgp implementation the ssr routing protocol implementation is based on gated 4.0.3 code ( http://www.Gated.Org ). Gated is a modular software program consisting of core services, a routing database, and protocol m...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 73 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide setting the autonomous system number an autonomous system number identifies your autonomous system to other routers. To set the ssr’s autonomous system number, enter the following command in configure mode. The autonomous...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 74 smartswitch router user reference manual where: peer-group is a group id, which can be a number or a character string. Type specifies the type of bgp group you are adding. You can specify one of the following: external in the classic external bgp group, full pol...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 75 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide adding a bgp peer there are two ways to add bgp peers to peer groups. You can explicitly add a peer host, or you can add a network. Adding a network allows for peer connections from any addresses in the range of network a...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 76 smartswitch router user reference manual aspath_term {m} a regular expression followed by {m} (where m is a positive integer) means exactly m repetitions. Aspath_term {m,} a regular expression followed by {m,} (where m is a positive integer) means m or more repe...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 77 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide to import all routes (.* matches all as paths) with the default preference: to export all active routes from 284 or 813 or 814 or 815 or 816 or 3369 or 3561 to autonomous system 64800. Using the as path prepend feature wh...
Page 78: Bgp Configuration Examples
Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 78 smartswitch router user reference manual notes on using the as path prepend feature • use the as-count option for external peer-hosts only. • if the as-count option is entered for an active bgp session, routes will not be resent to reflect the new setting. To ha...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 79 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide a bgp neighbor relationship is the establishment of a tcp connection (using tcp port 179) between peers. A bgp open message can then be sent between peers across the tcp connection to establish various bgp variables (bgp ...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 80 smartswitch router user reference manual the cli configuration for router ssr1 is as follows: the gated.Conf file for router ssr1 is as follows: the cli configuration for router ssr2 is as follows: interface create ip et.1.1 address-netmask 10.0.0.1/16 port et.1...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 81 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide the gated.Conf file for router ssr2 is as follows: ibgp configuration example connections between bgp speakers within the same as are referred to as internal links. A peer in the same as is an internal peer. Internal bgp ...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 82 smartswitch router user reference manual note that for running ibgp using group-type routing you must run an igp such as ospf to resolve the next hops that come with external routes. You could also use protocol any so that all protocols are eligible to resolve t...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 83 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide in this example, ospf is configured as the igp in the autonomous system. The following lines in the router ssr6 configuration file configure ospf: the following lines in the cisco router configure ospf: the following line...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 84 smartswitch router user reference manual the following lines on the cisco router set up ibgp peering with router ssr6. Ibgp internal group example the ibgp internal group expects all peers to be directly attached to a shared subnet so that, like external peers, ...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 85 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide figure 4 illustrates a sample ibgp internal group configuration. Figure 4. Sample ibgp configuration (internal group type) the cli configuration for router ssr1 is as follows: as-1 ssr2 ssr1 17.122.128.2/24 17.122.128.1/2...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 86 smartswitch router user reference manual the gated.Conf file for router ssr1 is as follows: the cli configuration for router ssr2 is as follows: the gated.Conf file for router ssr2 is as follows: autonomoussystem 1 ; routerid 16.122.128.1 ; bgp yes { traceoption...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 87 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide the configuration for router c1 (a cisco router) is as follows: the configuration for router c2 (a cisco router) is as follows: ebgp multihop configuration example ebgp multihop refers to a configuration where external bg...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 88 smartswitch router user reference manual this sample configuration shows external bgp peers, ssr1 and ssr4, which are not connected to the same subnet. The cli configuration for router ssr1 is as follows: physical link legend: peering relationship ssr1 16.122.12...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 89 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide the gated.Conf file for router ssr1 is as follows: the cli configuration for router ssr2 is as follows: the gated.Conf file for router ssr2 is as follows: the cli configuration for router ssr3 is as follows: autonomoussys...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 90 smartswitch router user reference manual the gated.Conf file for router ssr3 is as follows: the cli configuration for router ssr4 is as follows: the gated.Conf file for router ssr4 is as follows: community attribute example the following configuration illustrate...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 91 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide figure 5. Sample bgp configuration (specific community) as-64902 r11 172.26.1.2/16 172.25.1.2/16 192.168.20.2/16 172.25.1.1/16 1.1 r13 1.6 r10 192.169.20.1/16 192.169.20.2/16 100.200.13.1/24 10.200.15.1/24 1.6 r14 as-6490...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 92 smartswitch router user reference manual figure 6. Sample bgp configuration (well-known community) the community attribute can be used in three ways: 1. In a bgp group statement: any packets sent to this group of bgp peers will have the communities attribute in ...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 93 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide in figure 6 , router ssr11 has the following configuration: # # create an optional attribute list with identifier color1 for a community # attribute (community-id 160 as 64901) # ip-router policy create optional-attribute...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 94 smartswitch router user reference manual in figure 6 , router ssr13 has the following configuration: 3. In an export statement: the optional-attributes-list option of the ip-router policy create bgp-export-destination command may be used to send the bgp communit...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 95 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide in figure 6 , router ssr10 has the following configuration: in figure 6 , router ssr14 has the following configuration: any communities specified with the optional-attributes-list option are sent in addition to any receiv...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 96 smartswitch router user reference manual the community attribute may be a single community or a set of communities. A maximum of 10 communities may be specified. The community attribute can take any of the following forms: • specific community the specific commu...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 97 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide notes on using communities when originating bgp communities, the set of communities that is actually sent is the union of the communities received with the route (if any), those specified in group policy (if any), and tho...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 98 smartswitch router user reference manual in the sample network in figure 7 , all the traffic exits autonomous system 64901 through the link between router ssr13 and router ssr11. This is accomplished by setting the local_pref attribute. Figure 7. Sample bgp conf...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 99 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide in router ssr12’s cli configuration file, the import preference is set to 160: using the formula for local preference [local_pref = 254 - (global protocol preference for this route) + metric], the local_pref value put out...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 100 smartswitch router user reference manual figure 8. Sample bgp configuration (med attribute) routers ssr4 and ssr6 inform router c1 about network 172.16.200.0/24 through external bgp (ebgp). Router ssr6 announced the route with a med of 10, whereas router ssr4 a...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 101 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide ebgp aggregation example figure 9 shows a simple ebgp configuration in which one peer is exporting an aggregated route to its upstream peer and restricting the advertisement of contributing routes to the same peer. The a...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 102 smartswitch router user reference manual router ssr9 has the following cli configuration: route reflection example in some isp networks, the internal bgp mesh becomes quite large and the ibgp full mesh does not scale well. For such situations, route reflection ...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 103 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide figure 10 shows a sample configuration that uses route reflection. Figure 10. Sample bgp configuration (route reflection) in this example, there are two clusters. Router ssr10 is the route reflector for the first cluster...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 104 smartswitch router user reference manual router ssr11 has router ssr12 and router ssr13 as client peers and router ssr10 as non- client peer. The following line in router ssr11’s configuration file specifies it to be a route reflector even though the ibgp peers...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 105 chapter 6: bgp configuration guide notes on using route reflection • two types of route reflection are supported: – by default, all routes received by the route reflector from a client are sent to all internal peers (including the client’s group, but not ...
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Chapter 6: bgp configuration guide 106 smartswitch router user reference manual.
Page 107: Chapter 7
Smartswitch router user reference manual 107 chapter 7 routing policy configuration guide route import and export policy overview the ssr family of routers supports extremely flexible routing policies. The ssr allows the network administrator to control import and export of routing information based...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 108 smartswitch router user reference manual preference preference is the value the ssr routing process uses to order preference of routes from one protocol or peer over another. Preference can be set using several different configuration commands. Prefe...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 109 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide import policies import policies control the importation of routes from routing protocols and their installation in the routing databases (routing information base and forwarding information base). Import polic...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 110 smartswitch router user reference manual it is only possible to restrict the importation of ospf ase routes when functioning as an as border router. Like the other interior protocols, preference cannot be used to choose between ospf ase routes. That ...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 111 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide the routes to be exported can be identified by their associated attributes: • their protocol type (rip, ospf, bgp, static, direct, aggregate). • interface or the gateway from which the route was received. • au...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 112 smartswitch router user reference manual a route will match the most specific filter that applies. Specifying more than one filter with the same destination, mask and modifiers generates an error. There are three possible formats for a route filter. ...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 113 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide route aggregation is also used by regional and national networks to reduce the amount of routing information passed around. With careful allocation of network addresses to clients, regional networks can just a...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 114 smartswitch router user reference manual route-filter this component specifies the individual routes that are to be aggregated or summarized. The preference to be associated with these routes can also be explicitly specified using this component. The...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 115 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide many protocols allow the specification of two authentication keys per interface. Packets are always sent using the primary keys, but received packets are checked with both the primary and secondary keys before...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 116 smartswitch router user reference manual the from-proto parameter specifies the protocol of the source routes. The values for the from-proto parameter are rip, ospf, bgp, direct, static, aggregate and ospf-ase. The to- proto parameter specifies the d...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 117 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide redistributing rip into rip the ssr routing process requires rip redistribution into rip if a protocol is redistributed into rip. To redistribute rip into rip, enter the following command in configure mode: re...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 118 smartswitch router user reference manual to redistribute aggregate routes, enter one of the following commands in configure mode: simple route redistribution examples example 1: redistribution into rip for all examples given in this section, refer to...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 119 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide exporting a given static route to all rip interfaces router r1 has several static routes of which one is the default route. We would export this default route over all rip interfaces. Exporting all static rout...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 120 smartswitch router user reference manual • specify the static routes configured on the router • determine its ospf configuration exporting all interface & static routes to ospf router r1 has several static routes. We would like to export all these st...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 121 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide in the configuration shown in figure 12 on page 131, suppose if we decide to run rip version 2 on network 120.190.0.0/16, connecting routers r1 and r2. Router r1 would like to export all rip, interface, and st...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 122 smartswitch router user reference manual routes to be exported can be identified by their associated attributes, such as protocol type, interface or the gateway from which the route was received, and so on. • route filter - this component provides th...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 123 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide creating an export destination to create an export destination, enter one the following commands in configure mode: creating an export source to create an export source, enter one of the following commands in ...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 124 smartswitch router user reference manual to create route import policies, enter the following command in configure mode: the is the identifier of the import-source that determines the source of the imported routes. If no routes from a particular sour...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 125 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide • aggregate-destination - this component specifies the aggregate/summarized route. It also specifies the attributes associated with the aggregate route. The preference to be associated with an aggregate route ...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 126 smartswitch router user reference manual creating an aggregate destination to create an aggregate destination, enter the following command in configure mode: creating an aggregate source to create an aggregate source, enter the following command in c...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 127 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide the following configuration commands for router r1 • determine the ip address for each interface. • specify the static routes configured on the router. • determine its rip configuration. F igu re 11. Ex por ti...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 128 smartswitch router user reference manual importing a selected subset of routes from one rip trusted gateway router r1 has several rip peers. Router r41 has an interface on the network 10.51.0.0. By default, router r41 advertises network 10.51.0.0/16 ...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 129 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 1. Add the peer 140.1.1.41 to the list of trusted and source gateways. 2. Create a rip import source with the gateway as 140.1.1.4 since we would like to import all routes except the 10.51.0.0/16 route from th...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 130 smartswitch router user reference manual it is only possible to restrict the importation of ospf ase routes when functioning as an as border router. Like the other interior protocols, preference cannot be used to choose between ospf ase routes. That ...
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S m a rts wi tc h route r us e r refe re nc e m a nua l 1 3 1 ch apter 7 : ro uting poli cy con figuratio n guid e figure 12: exporting to ospf bgp r1 r2 r3 r41 r42 r6 r11 a r e a b a c k b o n e a r e a 140.1.0.0 (ri p v2 ) 140.1.1.1/24 140.1.2.1/24 140.1.5/24 140.1.4/24 190.1.1.1/16 120.190.1.1/16...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 132 smartswitch router user reference manual the following configuration commands for router r1: • determine the ip address for each interface • specify the static routes configured on the router • determine its ospf configuration importing a selected su...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 133 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide examples of export policies example 1: exporting to rip exporting to rip is controlled by any of protocol, interface or gateway. If more than one is specified, they are processed from most general (protocol) t...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 134 smartswitch router user reference manual exporting a given static route to all rip interfaces router r1 has several static routes, of which one is the default route. We would export this default route over all rip interfaces. 1. Create a rip export d...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 135 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 4. Create a direct export source since we would like to export direct/interface routes. 5. Create the export-policy redistributing the statically created default route, and all (rip, direct) routes into rip. E...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 136 smartswitch router user reference manual exporting all static routes reachable over a given interface to a specific rip- interface in this case, router r1 would export/redistribute all static routes accessible through its interface 130.1.1.1 to its r...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 137 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 1. Create an aggregate-destination which represents the aggregate/summarized route. 2. Create an aggregate-source which qualifies the source of the routes contributing to the aggregate. Since in this case, we ...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 138 smartswitch router user reference manual 8. Create the export-policy redistributing all (rip, direct) routes and the aggregate route 140.1.0.0/16 into rip. Example 2: exporting to ospf it is not possible to create ospf intra- or inter-area routes by ...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 139 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide exporting all interface & static routes to ospf router r1 has several static routes. We would export these static routes as type-2 ospf routes. The interface routes would redistributed as type 1 ospf routes. 1...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 140 smartswitch router user reference manual 4. Create a direct export source since we would like to export interface/direct routes. 5. Create the export-policy for redistributing all interface routes and static routes into ospf. Exporting all rip, inter...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 141 chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 5. Create a rip export source. 6. Create a static export source. 7. Create a direct export source. 8. Create the export-policy for redistributing all interface, rip and static routes into ospf. 9. Create a rip...
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Chapter 7: routing policy configuration guide 142 smartswitch router user reference manual 12. Create the export-policy for redistributing all interface, rip, static, ospf and ospf- ase routes into rip. Ip-router policy export destination ripexpdst source statexpsrc network all ip-router policy expo...
Page 143: Chapter 8
Smartswitch router user reference manual 143 chapter 8 multicast routing configuration guide ip multicast overview multicast routing on the ssr is supported through dvmrp and igmp. Igmp is used to determine host membership on directly attached subnets. Dvmrp is used to determine forwarding of multic...
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Chapter 8: multicast routing configuration guide 144 smartswitch router user reference manual the ssr allows per-interface control of the host query interval and response time. Query interval defines the time between igmp queries. Response time defines the time the ssr will wait for host responses t...
Page 145: Configure Igmp
Smartswitch router user reference manual 145 chapter 8: multicast routing configuration guide configure igmp you configure igmp on the ssr by performing the following configuration tasks. • creating ip interfaces • setting global parameters that will be used for all the interfaces on which dvmrp is ...
Page 146: Configure Dvmrp
Chapter 8: multicast routing configuration guide 146 smartswitch router user reference manual to configure the host response wait time, enter the following command in configure mode: configure per-interface control of igmp membership you can configure the ssr to control igmp membership on a per-inte...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 147 chapter 8: multicast routing configuration guide to start or stop dvmrp, enter one of the following commands in configure mode: configure dvmrp on an interface dvmrp can be controlled/configured on per-interface basis. An interface does not have to run bo...
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Chapter 8: multicast routing configuration guide 148 smartswitch router user reference manual configure dvmrp ttl & scope for control over internet traffic, per-interface control is allowed through scopes and ttl thresholds. The ttl value controls whether packets are forwarded from an interface. Con...
Page 149: Monitor Igmp & Dvmrp
Smartswitch router user reference manual 149 chapter 8: multicast routing configuration guide dvmrp tunnels need to be created before being enabled. Tunnels are recognized by the tunnel name. Once a dvmrp tunnel is created, you can enable dvmrp on the interface. The ssr supports a maximum of eight t...
Page 150: Configuration Examples
Chapter 8: multicast routing configuration guide 150 smartswitch router user reference manual configuration examples the following is a sample ssr configuration for dvmrp and igmp. Seven subnets are created. Igmp is enabled on 4 ip interfaces. The igmp query interval is set to 30 seconds. Dvmrp is e...
Page 151: Chapter 9
Smartswitch router user reference manual 151 chapter 9 ipx routing configuration guide ipx routing overview the internetwork packet exchange (ipx) is a datagram connectionless protocol for the novell netware environment. You can configure the ssr for ipx routing and sap. Routers interconnect differe...
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Chapter 9: ipx routing configuration guide 152 smartswitch router user reference manual this information is immediately broadcast to any neighboring routers. Routers also send periodic rip broadcast packets containing all routing information known to the router. The ssr uses ipx rip to create and ma...
Page 153: Configuring Ipx Rip & Sap
Smartswitch router user reference manual 153 chapter 9: ipx routing configuration guide configuring ipx rip & sap this section provides an overview of configuring various ipx parameters and setting up ipx interfaces. Ipx rip on the ssr, rip automatically runs on all ipx interfaces. The ssr will keep...
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Chapter 9: ipx routing configuration guide 154 smartswitch router user reference manual configuring ipx interfaces and parameters this section provides an overview of configuring various ipx parameters and setting up ipx interfaces. Configure ipx addresses to ports you can configure one ipx interfac...
Page 155: Configure Ipx Routing
Smartswitch router user reference manual 155 chapter 9: ipx routing configuration guide • 802.2: 802.2 encapsulation method used within novell ipx environments configure ipx routing by default, ipx routing is enabled on the ssr. Enable ipx rip ipx rip is enabled by default on the ssr. You must first...
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Chapter 9: ipx routing configuration guide 156 smartswitch router user reference manual configure static sap table entries servers in an ipx network use sap to advertise services via broadcast packets. Services from servers are stored in the server information table. If you want to have a service ex...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 157 chapter 9: ipx routing configuration guide create an ipx type 20 access control list ipx type 20 access control lists control the forwarding of ipx type 20 packets. To create an ipx type 20 access control list, enter the following command in configure mod...
Page 158: Monitor An Ipx Network
Chapter 9: ipx routing configuration guide 158 smartswitch router user reference manual create an ipx rip access control list ipx rip access control lists control which rip updates are allowed. To create an ipx rip access control list, perform the following task in the configure mode: once an ipx ri...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 159 chapter 9: ipx routing configuration guide • adds a sap access list • adds a gns access list ! Create interface ipx1 with ipx address aaaaaaaa interface create ipx ipx1 address aaaaaaaa port et.1.1 output-mac- encapsulation ethernet_802.2_ipx ! ! Create i...
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Chapter 9: ipx routing configuration guide 160 smartswitch router user reference manual.
Page 161: Chapter 10
Smartswitch router user reference manual 161 chapter 10 security configuration guide security overview the ssr provides security features that help control access to the ssr and filter traffic going through the ssr. Access to the ssr can be controlled by: • enabling radius • enabling tacacs • enabli...
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Chapter 10: security configuration guide 162 smartswitch router user reference manual configuring ssr access security configure radius you can secure login or enable mode access to the ssr by enabling a remote authentication dial-in service (radius) client. A radius server responds to the ssr radius...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 163 chapter 10: security configuration guide to configure tacacs security, enter the following commands in the configure mode: monitor tacacs you can monitor tacacs configuration and statistics within the ssr. To monitor tacacs, enter the following commands i...
Page 164: Layer-2 Security Filters
Chapter 10: security configuration guide 164 smartswitch router user reference manual to monitor tacacs plus, enter the following commands in enable mode: configure passwords the ssr provides password authentication for accessing the user and enable modes. If tacacs is not enabled on the ssr, only l...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 165 chapter 10: security configuration guide configuring layer-2 address filters if you want to control access to a source or destination on a per-mac address basis, you can configure an address filter. Address filters are always configured and applied to the...
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Chapter 10: security configuration guide 166 smartswitch router user reference manual configuring layer-2 static entry filters static entry filters allow or force traffic to go to a set of destination ports based on a frame's source mac address, destination mac address, or both source and destinatio...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 167 chapter 10: security configuration guide • combine a destination secure port filter with a flow static entry to drop all received traffic but allow any frame coming from specific source mac address that is destined to specific destination mac address to g...
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Chapter 10: security configuration guide 168 smartswitch router user reference manual layer-2 filter examples figure 13. Source filter example example 1: address filters source filter: the consultant is not allowed to access any file servers. The consultant is only allowed to interact with the engin...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 169 chapter 10: security configuration guide destination static entry: restrict "login multicasts" originating from the engineering segment (port et.1.1) from reaching the finance servers. Or flow static entry: restrict "login multicasts" originating from the...
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Chapter 10: security configuration guide 170 smartswitch router user reference manual destination secure port: to block access to all file servers on all ports from port et.1.1 use the following command: to allow all engineers access to the engineering servers, you must "punch" a hole through the se...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 171 chapter 10: security configuration guide • type of service (tos) for ipx acls, the following fields can be specified: • source network address • destination network address • source ipx socket • destination ipx socket when defining an acl rule, each field...
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Chapter 10: security configuration guide 172 smartswitch router user reference manual ahead of rules that are less specific. For example, the following acl permits all tcp traffic except those from subnet 10.2.0.0/16: when a tcp packet comes from subnet 10.2.0.0/16, it finds a match with the first r...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 173 chapter 10: security configuration guide if a packet comes in and doesn't match the first two rules, the packet will be dropped. This is because the third rule (implicit deny) will match all packets. Although the implicit deny rule seems obvious in the ab...
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Chapter 10: security configuration guide 174 smartswitch router user reference manual when a packet comes into a router at an interface where an inbound acl is applied, the router compares the packet with the rules specified by that acl. If it is permitted, the packet is allowed into the router. If ...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 175 chapter 10: security configuration guide creating additional delay. Therefore, one should consider the potential performance impact before turning on acl logging. Maintaining acls offline using tftp or rcp the ssr provides two mechanisms to maintain and m...
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Chapter 10: security configuration guide 176 smartswitch router user reference manual maintaining acls using the acl editor in addition to the traditional method of maintaining acls using tftp or rcp, the ssr provides a simpler and more user-friendly mechanism to maintain acl: the acl editor. The ac...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 177 chapter 10: security configuration guide defining an ipx acl to define an ipx acl, perform the following in the configure mode: applying an acl to an interface to apply an acl to an interface, perform the following in the configure mode: applying an acl t...
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Chapter 10: security configuration guide 178 smartswitch router user reference manual show acls on all ipx interfaces. Acl show interface all-ipx show static entry filters. Acl show service.
Page 179: Chapter 11
Smartswitch router user reference manual 179 chapter 11 qos configuration guide qos & layer-2/layer-3/layer-4 flow overview the ssr allows network managers to identify traffic and set quality of service (qos) policies without compromising wire speed performance. The ssr can guarantee bandwidth on an...
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Chapter 11: qos configuration guide 180 smartswitch router user reference manual for layer-3 (ip and ipx) traffic, you can define “flows”, blueprints or templates of ip and ipx packet headers. • the ip fields are source ip address, destination ip address, udp/tcp source port, udp/tcp destination por...
Page 181: Configure Layer-2 Qos
Smartswitch router user reference manual 181 chapter 11: qos configuration guide configure layer-2 qos qos policies applied to layer-2 flows allow you to assign priorities based on source and destination mac addresses. A qos policy set for a layer-2 flow allows you to classify the priority of traffi...
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Chapter 11: qos configuration guide 182 smartswitch router user reference manual • layer-3 source-destination flows • layer-4 source-destination flows • layer-4 application flows configuring ip qos policies to configure an ip qos policy, perform the following tasks: 1. Identify the layer-3 or 4 flow...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 183 chapter 11: qos configuration guide setting an ipx qos policy to set a qos policy on an ipx traffic flow, enter the following command in configure mode: specifying precedence for an ipx qos policy to specify the precedence for an ipx qos policy, enter the...
Page 184: Monitoring Qos
Chapter 11: qos configuration guide 184 smartswitch router user reference manual monitoring qos the ssr provides display of qos statistics and configurations contained in the ssr. To display qos information, enter the following command in enable mode: show all ip qos flows qos show ip show all ipx q...
Page 185: Chapter 12
Smartswitch router user reference manual 185 chapter 12 performance monitoring guide performance monitoring overview the ssr is a full wire-speed layer-2, 3 and 4 switching router. As packets enter the ssr, layer-2, 3, and 4 flow tables are populated on each line card. The flow tables contain inform...
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Chapter 12: performance monitoring guide 186 smartswitch router user reference manual show all l2 flows (for ports in flow- bridging mode. L2-tables show all-flows show information about the master mac table. L2-tables show mac-table-stats show information about a particular mac address. L2-tables s...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 187 chapter 12: performance monitoring guide configuring the ssr for port mirroring the ssr allows you to monitor port activity with port mirroring. Port mirroring allows you to monitor the performance and activities of one or more ports on the ssr through ju...
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Chapter 12: performance monitoring guide 188 smartswitch router user reference manual.
Page 189: Chapter 13
Smartswitch router user reference manual 189 chapter 13 hot swapping line cards and control modules hot swapping overview this chapter describes the hot swapping functionality of the ssr. Hot swapping is the ability to replace a line card or control module while the ssr is operating. Hot swapping al...
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Chapter 13: hot swapping line cards and control modules 190 smartswitch router user reference manual deactivating the line card to deactivate the line card, do one of the following: • press the hot swap button on the line card. The hot swap button is recessed in the line card's front panel. Use a pe...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 191 chapter 13: hot swapping line cards and control modules warning : do not remove the line card unless the offline led is lit. Doing so can cause the ssr to crash. 2. Loosen the captive screws on each side of the line card. 3. Carefully remove the line card...
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Chapter 13: hot swapping line cards and control modules 192 smartswitch router user reference manual the procedure for hot swapping a control module is similar to the procedure for hot swapping a line card. You must deactivate the control module, remove it from the ssr, and insert another control mo...
Page 193: Only)
Smartswitch router user reference manual 193 chapter 13: hot swapping line cards and control modules installing the control module to install a new control module or line card into the slot: note: you can install either a line card or a control module in slot cm/1, but you can install only a control...
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Chapter 13: hot swapping line cards and control modules 194 smartswitch router user reference manual the online led goes out and the offline led lights. Figure 16 shows the location of the offline led and hot swap button on a switching fabric module. Figure 16. Location of offline led and hot swap b...
Page 195: Chapter 14
Smartswitch router user reference manual 195 chapter 14 vrrp configuration guide vrrp overview this chapter explains how to set up and monitor the virtual router redundancy protocol (vrrp) on the ssr. Vrrp is defined in rfc 2338. End host systems on a lan are often configured to send packets to a st...
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Chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide 196 smartswitch router user reference manual basic vrrp configuration figure 17 shows a basic vrrp configuration with a single virtual router. Routers r1 and r2 are both configured with one virtual router ( vrid=1 ). Router r1 serves as the master and router r2 s...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 197 chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide in vrrp, the router that owns the ip address associated with the virtual router is the master. Any other routers that participate in this virtual router are backups. In this configuration, router r1 is the master for v...
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Chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide 198 smartswitch router user reference manual figure 18. Symmetrical vrrp configuration in this configuration, half the hosts use 10.0.0.1/16 as their default route, and half use 10.0.0.2/16. Ip address 10.0.0.1/16 is associated with virtual router vrid=1 , and ip...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 199 chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide on line 5, router r1 associates ip address 10.0.0.2/16 with virtual router vrid=2 . However, since router r1 does not own ip address 10.0.0.2/16, it is not the default master for virtual router vrid=2 . Configuration o...
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Chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide 200 smartswitch router user reference manual figure 19. Multi-backup vrrp configuration in this configuration, router r1 is the master for virtual router vrid=1 and the primary backup for virtual routers vrid=2 and vrid=3 . If router r2 or r3 were to go down, rou...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 201 chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide configuration of router r1 the following is the configuration file for router r1 in figure 19 . Router r1’s ip address on interface test is 10.0.0.1. There are three virtual routers on this interface: • vrid=1 – ip add...
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Chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide 202 smartswitch router user reference manual the following table shows the priorities for each virtual router configured on router r1. Configuration of router r2 the following is the configuration file for router r2 in figure 19 . Line 8 sets the backup priority ...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 203 chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide note: since 100 is the default priority, line 9, which sets the priority to 100, is actually unnecessary. It is included for illustration purposes only. Configuration of router r3 the following is the configuration fil...
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Chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide 204 smartswitch router user reference manual setting the backup priority as described in “multi-backup configuration” on page 199 , you can specify which backup router takes over when the master router goes down by setting the priority for the backup routers. To ...
Page 205: Monitoring Vrrp
Smartswitch router user reference manual 205 chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide setting an authentication key by default, no authentication of vrrp packets is performed on the ssr. You can specify a clear-text password to be used to authenticate vrrp exchanges. To enable authentication, enter the ...
Page 206: Vrrp Configuration Notes
Chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide 206 smartswitch router user reference manual ip-redundancy show the ip-redundancy show command reports information about a vrrp configuration. To display vrrp information, enter the following commands in enable mode. Vrrp configuration notes • the master router s...
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Smartswitch router user reference manual 207 chapter 14: vrrp configuration guide • a virtual router will respond to arp requests with a virtual mac address. This virtual mac depends on the virtual router id: virtual mac address = 00005e:0001xx where xx is the virtual router id this virtual mac addr...