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Campbell CSAT3 Instruction Manual - Warranty

Manual is about: ANEMOMETER

Summary of CSAT3

  • Page 1

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer revision: 9/12 c o p y r i g h t © 1 9 9 8 - 2 0 1 2 c a m p b e l l s c i e n t i f i c , i n c ..

  • Page 3: Warranty

    Warranty “products manufactured by campbell scientific, inc. Are warranted by campbell scientific, inc. (“campbell”) to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment unless otherwise specified in the corresponding campbell...

  • Page 4: Assistance

    Assistance products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following contact information is for us and international customers residing in countries served by campbell scientific, inc. Directly. Affiliate companies handle repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit www...

  • Page 5: Table of Contents

    I table of contents pdf viewers: these page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the pdf reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections. 1. General ........................................................................1 2. Specifications ....................................

  • Page 6

    Table of contents ii 10. Datalogger programming using sdm .....................19 10.1 crbasic csat3 () instruction.......................................................... 19 10.2 edlog sdm-csat3 (p107) instruction ........................................ 19 10.3 datalogger instruction parameters ...

  • Page 7

    Table of contents iii 4-4. Csat3 coordinate system and original noncaptive mounting hardware (s/n 0107 to 0630) .............................................................8 8-1. Typical average csat3 current drain at +12 vdc ...........................17 8-2. Csat3 pipeline delay ....................

  • Page 8

    Table of contents iv d-1. Data from example cr3000 sdm clock rate search program..... D-2 d-2. Data from example cr23x sdm clock rate search program...... D-3 d-3. Sdm clock rate report.................................................................. D-3.

  • Page 9: Anemometer

    1 csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 1. General the csat3 is an ultrasonic anemometer for measuring wind speed in three dimensions. It uses three pairs of non-orthogonally oriented transducers to sense the horizontal wind. Each pair of transducers transmits and receives the ultrasonic signal. ...

  • Page 10

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 2 to apply the speed of sound correction described by liu et al., 2001. The csat3 can be configured to make a single measurement per trigger or multiple measurements that are centered around the trigger (oversampled). Outputs: u x , u y , u z , and c (u x , u...

  • Page 11

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 3 reporting range: sdm and rs-232 digital outputs: full scale wind: ±65.535 m s -1 autoranging between four ranges; least significant bit is 0.25 to 2 mm s -1 speed of sound: 300 to 366 m s -1 (-50 ° to +60°c); least significant bit is 1 mm s -1 (0.025 °c emb...

  • Page 12: 3.  Initial Setup

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 4 2.4 power requirements voltage supply: 10 to 16 vdc power: 2.4 w @ 60 hz measurement frequency 1.2 w @ 20 hz measurement frequency 3. Initial setup 3.1 factory settings • analog outputs – off • execution parameter – 10 hz (see section 10.3 and b.1) • trigge...

  • Page 13: 4.  Installation

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 5 3.2 dm address each csat3 on the sdm bus must have a unique address. A hex thumb switch within the electronics box is used to change the sdm address. Remove the lid and orient the electronics box with the connectors pointing down. The hex thumb switch is no...

  • Page 14

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 6 4.2 mounting the current mounting configuration for the csat3 includes a cm250 leveling mount, which should be mounted on the end of a 1.31" diameter crossarm such as the cm20x. Mount it so that the bolt on the end points upward, and secure it in place by t...

  • Page 15

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 7 10.00 cm y z x logan, utah csat3 3-d sonic anemometer s/n: 102 made in usa 60 o figure 4-2. Csat3 coordinate system and captive mounting hardware (s/n 0631 to current) 10.00 cm y z x logan, utah csat3 3-d sonic anemometer s/n: 102 made in usa 60 o figure 4-...

  • Page 16: 5.  Wiring

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 8 10.00 cm y z x logan, utah csat3 3-d sonic anemometer s/n: 102 made in usa 60 o figure 4-4. Csat3 coordinate system and original noncaptive mounting hardware (s/n 0107 to 0630) 4.3 leveling over flat level terrain, adjust the anemometer head so that the bub...

  • Page 17

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 9 the csat3 electronics box contains unique calibration information for its respective sensor head. Do not mismatch csat3 sensor heads and electronics. Doing so will result in erroneous wind and speed of sound measurements. Before extending the sdm signal cab...

  • Page 18

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 10 table 5-4. Csat3 sdm output to a 21x datalogger channel description color pin 1h sdm data green d c1 10 k resistor to 1h c2 sdm clock white c c3 sdm enable brown e digital ground black f shield clear nc table 5-5. Csat3 sdm output to a cr9000 datalogger cr...

  • Page 19: 6.  Csat3 Outputs

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 11 table 5-8. Fw05/fwc-l35 fine wire thermocouple description color signal high purple signal low red 6. Csat3 outputs the csat3 has three signal outputs: sdm, rs-232, and analog. Campbell scientific recommends that the sdm output be used when ever possible, ...

  • Page 20

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 12 table 6-2. Sdm compatible dataloggers datalogger model datalogger proms or operating system (os) requires csat3 embedded code 21x 1k 6145-3, 6146-5, 10006-1 2.1 or > 21x 2k 6148-5, 6149-7, 6070-64 2.1 or > cr10 2k 5954-396 2.1 or > cr10 4k library special ...

  • Page 21: 7.  Operational Principles

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 13 6.2 rs-232 output the windows pc support software (csat32.Exe) can be used to graph the csat3 data in real time or collect time series via the rs-232 serial port. A copy of the csat3 pc software is available from the campbell scientific web site in the sup...

  • Page 22

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 14 signal processing techniques result in more accurate, lower noise measurements. Unlike csat3s running embedded code version 3, embedded code version 4 does not use a library of calibration templates and pattern recognition to determine the ultrasonic time ...

  • Page 23

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 15 only by the spacing between transducers but also by the current wind speed and speed of sound conditions. After power-up or loss of signal, the csat3 enters a mode where it tests the forward and return paths for each of the pairs of ultrasonic transducers....

  • Page 24: 8.  Csat3 Trigger

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 16 8. Csat3 trigger the csat3 takes a measurement of wind speed and the speed of sound when triggered from one of three different sources. The trigger sources are the internal csat3 timer, sdm communications, or rs-232 communications. In the case of the csat3...

  • Page 25

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 17 figure 8-1. Typical average csat3 current drain at +12 vdc m i m i + 1 m i + 2 m i + 3 p i - 1 s i - 2 p i s i - 1 p i + 1 s i p i + 2 s i + 1 trigger measure times of flight process data output data time t i t i+1 t i+2 t i+3 figure 8-2. Csat3 pipeline de...

  • Page 26: 9.  Data Pipeline Delay

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 18 8.1.1 single-measurement mode in the single-measurement mode, the anemometer makes one measurement per trigger. With this approach, the anemometer’s high frequency response is limited only by the geometry of the anemometer head, thus minimizing the possibi...

  • Page 27

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 19 10. Datalogger programming using sdm the crbasic csat3 () and edlog sdm-csat3 (p107) instructions are input/output instructions that control and retrieve data from the csat3. These instructions are available on the cr3000, cr1000, cr5000, cr800/850, cr9000...

  • Page 28

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 20 sdmaddress/sdm address: the unique sdm address of the csat3 connected to the datalogger. In crbasic dataloggers, the csat3 address is entered as a base ten number. In edlog dataloggers, the csat3 address is entered as a base four number (see table 3-1). Th...

  • Page 29

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 21 command/option 90, 91, 98, or 99 must not be used to collect data from a csat3 running a cold shifted calibration, see section 11.2.1. Option 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60: “set execution parameter” tells the csat3 which measurement parameters ...

  • Page 30

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 22 ux input location: the input location to store the first of five data values to an edlog datalogger. The csat3 returns the following data after receiving the “trigger and get data” or “get data after a group trigger” command in the option parameter: u x , ...

  • Page 31

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 23 data condition also occurs when the datalogger’s execution frequency (inverse of the execution interval) is much greater than the execution parameter the anemometer was told to use. 61441, sdm communications error. The datalogger and csat3 are unable to co...

  • Page 32

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 24 table 10-7. Wiring for program example 1 description color cr3000 sdm data green sdm-c1 sdm clock white sdm-c2 sdm enable brown sdm-c3 digital ground black g sdm signal shield clear g power red +12 vdc power refernece black g power shield clear g example 1...

  • Page 34

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 26 'wind directions and speed. Dim wnd_out(8) 'alias wnd_out(1) = wnd_spd - in compass coordinate system, same as csat3. 'alias wnd_out(2) = rslt_wnd_spd - in compass coordinate system, same as csat3. Alias wnd_out(3) = wnd_dir_compass 'alias wnd_out(4) = std...

  • Page 35

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 27 totalize (1,n,ieee4,not (del_t_f) or not (disable_flag_on(2))) fieldnames ("del_t_f_tot") totalize (1,n,ieee4,not (sig_lck_f) or not (disable_flag_on(2))) fieldnames ("sig_lck_f_tot") totalize (1,n,ieee4,not (amp_h_f) or not (disable_flag_on(2))) fieldname...

  • Page 36

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 28 'break up the four csat3 warning flags into four separate bits. Diag_csat_work = diag_csat del_t_f = diag_csat_work and &h8000 sig_lck_f = diag_csat_work and &h4000 amp_h_f = diag_csat_work and &h2000 amp_l_f = diag_csat_work and &h1000 'turn on the interm...

  • Page 37

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 29 table 10-8. Wiring for program example 2 description color cr3000 sdm data green sdm-c1 sdm clock white sdm-c2 sdm enable brown sdm-c3 digital ground black g sdm signal shield clear g power red +12 vdc power refernece black g power shield clear g example 2...

  • Page 38

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 30 ;if the csat3 head is pointing west of north (above figure), ;theta is negative. If the csat3 head is pointing east of ;north, theta is positive. ; ;the site attendant must enter the value of theta. Search ;for the text string "unique value" to find the lo...

  • Page 39

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 31 ;disable intermediate processing if any of the diagnostic flags are ;on,vi.E. Diag >= 4096 or any of the science data is "not a ;number", (-99999). ; 8: if (xf) (p89) 1: 36 x loc [ diag_abs ] 2: 3 >= 3: 4096 f 4: 19 set intermed. Proc. Disable flag high (f...

  • Page 40

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 32 17: real time (p77) 1: 110 day,hour/minute (midnight = 0000) 18: resolution (p78) 1: 1 high resolution 19: sample (p70) 1: 3 reps 2: 13 loc [ wnd_spd_a ] 20: sample (p70) 1: 1 reps 2: 17 loc [ csat_dir ] 21: average (p71) 1: 4 reps 2: 1 loc [ ux ] 22: stan...

  • Page 41

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 33 ;load the angle between north and the csat3 head. ;the station operator must enter the angle theta. ; 4: z=f (p30) 1: 0 f ; 2: 0 exponent of 10 3: 35 z loc [ theta ] ;load the constants used in recording the number of times the ; diagnostic flags were on. ...

  • Page 42

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 34 ;configure csat3 with 10 hz parameters. ; 12: sdm-csat3 (p107) 1: 1 reps 2: 3 sdm address 3: 10 set execution parameter 4: 1 ux input location [ ux ] 13: end (p95) 14: end (p95) 15: end (p95) 16: end (p95) ;each diagnostic flag, that is encoded in the diag...

  • Page 43

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 35 24: z=x (p31) 1: 5 x loc [ diag ] 2: 30 z loc [ diag_work ] 25: if (xf) (p89) 1: 30 x loc [ diag_work ] 2: 2 3: 61440 f 4: 30 then do 26: if (xf) (p89) 1: 30 x loc [ diag_work ] 2: 1 = 3: 61503 f 4: 30 then do ;set the f03f (no data available) flag. ; 27: ...

  • Page 44

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 36 36: end (p95) 37: end (p95) ;process csat3 output data. ; 38: beginning of subroutine (p85) 1: 3 subroutine 3 ;add the offset (theta) between the csat3 negative x-axis and ;north. ; 39: z=x+y (p33) 1: 14 x loc [ cmpss_dir ] 2: 35 y loc [ theta ] 3: 14 z lo...

  • Page 45: 11.  Maintenance

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 37 46: end (p95) 47: end (p95) end program -input locations- 1 ux 2 uy 3 uz 4 ts 5 diag 6 _________ 7 _________ 8 _________ 9 prop_e 10 ux_copy 11 prop_n 12 uy_copy 13 wnd_spd_a 14 cmpss_dir 15 dir_std_a 16 wnd_spd_b 17 csat_dir 18 dir_std_b 19 zero 20 smpls ...

  • Page 46

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 38 lightly dab the face of the transducers to remove water droplets. Applying excessive force on the face of the transducer may separate the matching layer from the brass housing. There are no user serviceable components on the csat3. The only time the electr...

  • Page 47

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 39 inst ant adhesive figure 11-2. P/n 28902 csat3 sonic wick spares kit contents 11.2 calibration the csat3 is calibrated over the temperature range of -30° to +50°c (standard) or -40° to +40°c (cold shifted). The csat3 may or may not make measurements outsid...

  • Page 48

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 40 the standard datalogger instruction reports either the speed of sound (c), option 90 or 99, or the sonic temperature (t s ), command/option 91 or 98, can not be used with a csat3 running a cold shifted calibration. Instead, use option 92 “trigger and get w...

  • Page 49

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 41 figure 11-4. Recommended settings for the wind vertical axis figure 11-5. Recommended settings for the wind vertical axis labels collect and graph 1 minute of wind data from the csat3 while it is in the zero wind environment (figure 11-6). The wind offset ...

  • Page 50

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 42 figure 11-6. Wind data from csat3 s/n 315; wind offsets within specifications at 19°c 12. Select backdoor commands the csat3 supports a variety of backdoor commands used to configure the csat3 for use with a rs-232 data collection system. Connect the csat3...

  • Page 51

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 43 after receiving the “??” command, the csat3 will respond with text similar to that below for csat3s running embedded code version 3 or less, et= 10 ts=i xd=d gn=111a tk=1 up=5 fk=0 rn=1 it=1 dr=102 rx=2 fx=038 bx=0 ah=1 at=0 rs=0 br=0 ri=0 go=00000 ha=0 6x...

  • Page 52

    Csat3 three dimensional sonic anemometer 44 be changed if ri=1 (always power the rs-232 drivers). Check the setting of ri in the long status message. “ri n” – toggle rts independent; where n = 0 means power the rs-232 drivers if rts is asserted and n = 1 means always power the rs-232 drivers. Always...

  • Page 53

    A-1 appendix a. Csat3 orientation a.1 determining true north and sensor orientation the orientation of the csat3 negative x-axis is found by reading a magnetic compass and applying the site-specific correction for magnetic declination; where the magnetic declination is the number of degrees between ...

  • Page 54

    Appendix a. Csat3 orientation a-2 declination angles are always subtracted from the compass reading to find true north. A declination angle east of true north is reported as positive a value and is subtracted from 360 (0) degrees to find true north as shown figure a-2. A declination angle west of tr...

  • Page 55

    Appendix a. Csat3 orientation a-3 a.2 online magnetic declination calculator the magnetic declination calculator web calculator published by noaa’s geophysical data center is available at the following url: www.Ngdc.Noaa.Gov/geomagmodels/declination.Jsp . After the web page loads, enter the site zip...

  • Page 56

    Appendix a. Csat3 orientation a-4.

  • Page 57: With The Csat3

    B-1 appendix b. Serial communications with the csat3 b.1 csat3 rs-232 commands the csat3 powers up its rs-232 drivers when it detects that the rts (request to send) line has been asserted by the pc. All rs-232 communications begin with the pc asserting the rts line, the csat3 responds by asserting t...

  • Page 58

    Appendix b. Serial communications with the csat3 b-2 table b-1. Rs-232 command codes command trigger before command description trigger after command & pc or csat3 timer unprompted data output mode. Send data and make measurements at the rate specified by the an command. Csat3 timer p 1 csat3 timer ...

  • Page 59

    Appendix b. Serial communications with the csat3 b-3 nassi-shneiderman diagrams are given in figure b-1and figure b-2 for collecting data using a pc and the rs-232 port. In figure b-1, the pc is the trigger source and the data acquisition system. In figure b-2, the anemometer is triggered by its int...

  • Page 60: B.3  Words 0 Through 3

    Appendix b. Serial communications with the csat3 b-4 table b-2. Rs-232 output word 0 word 1 word 2 word 3 word 4 b15 - b0 b15 - b0 b15 - b0 b15 - b0 b15 b14 b13 b12 b11 b10 b09 b08 b07 b06 b05 - b00 u x wind u y wind u z wind c diagnostic flags u x range u y range u z range counter b.3 words 0 throu...

  • Page 61: B.4  Word 4

    Appendix b. Serial communications with the csat3 b-5 table b-6. Converting speed of sound from word 3 conversion output resolution (mm s -1 ) ( °c @ 25°c) speed of sound (m s -1 ) = word 3 ∗ 0.001 + 340.0 1 0.0017 b.4 word 4 word 4 contains diagnostic information and the reporting range of u x , u y...

  • Page 62

    Appendix b. Serial communications with the csat3 b-6 table b-9. Rs-232 status, response to the s or p command byte description value 0 trigger source 0 = csat3 timer 1 = pc 2 = sdm 1 execution parameter see table b-1 2 analog range 0 = off 1 = ±32 m s -1 2 = ±64 m s -1 3 data status 0 = good data 1 ...

  • Page 63: Theory

    C-1 appendix c. Csat3 measurement theory c.1 theory of operation c.1.1 wind speed each axis of the csat3 pulses two ultrasonic signals in opposite directions. The time of flight of the first signal (out) is given by: t d c u o a = + (1) and the time of flight of the second signal (back) is given by:...

  • Page 64

    Appendix c. Csat3 measurement theory c-2 blowing perpendicular to the sonic path. No additional off-line corrections are required as suggested by liu et al., 2001. C d t t o b = + ⎡ ⎣ ⎢ ⎢ ⎤ ⎦ ⎥ ⎥ 2 1 1 (5) the speed of sound in moist air is a function of temperature and humidity and is given by: ( )...

  • Page 65

    Appendix c. Csat3 measurement theory c-3 references kaimal, j. C. And businger, j. A.: 1963, “a continuous wave sonic anemometer-thermometer”, j. Applied meteorol., 2, 156-164. Kaimal, j. C. And gaynor, j. E.: 1991, “another look at sonic thermometry”, boundary-layer meteorol., 56, 401-410. Fleagle,...

  • Page 66

    Appendix c. Csat3 measurement theory c-4.

  • Page 67: Long Signal Cables

    D-1 appendix d. Sdm communications and long signal cables d.1 brief description of sdm clock rates the fastest rate that a datalogger and sdm sensors can communicate via the sdm bus is determined by the number of sdm sensors connected to the sdm bus, properties of the cable used to connect the senso...

  • Page 68: D.2  Cr3000 Example

    Appendix d. Sdm communications and long signal cables d-2 d.2 cr3000 example connect all the sdm devices to the datalogger with the cable in question. Download the example crbasic sdm search program to the datalogger. This program will test the sdm communications between a crbasic datalogger and a c...

  • Page 69

    Appendix d. Sdm communications and long signal cables d-3 take the following case, a 575 foot sdm signal and power cable is used to connect a cr23x datalogger and a single csat3 anemometer. Communication between the cr23x and csat3 fails at the default sdm clock rate. Thus, a slower sdm clock rate m...

  • Page 70

    Appendix d. Sdm communications and long signal cables d-4.

  • Page 72

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