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Keithley 2110 Reference Manual - General Overview

Manual is about: 5 1/2 Digit Multimeter

Summary of 2110

  • Page 1

    Reference manual 2110-901-01 rev. C / august 2013 *p211090101c* 2110-901-01 www.Keithley.Com model 2110 5½ digit multimeter a tektronix company a greater measure of confidence.

  • Page 2: :fetch[1

    5½ digit multimeter reference manual © 2013, keithley instruments, inc. Cleveland, ohio, u.S.A. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized reproduction, photocopy, or use of the information herein, in whole or in part, without the prior written approval of keithley instruments, inc. Is strictly prohibite...

  • Page 4: Safety Precautions

    Safety precautions the following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This produ...

  • Page 5

    For safety, instruments and accessories must be used in accordance with the operating instructions. If the instruments or accessories are used in a manner not specified in the operating instructions, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired. Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of...

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1-1 welcome .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 contact information ...............

  • Page 7

    Table of contents model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual ratio measurements ................................................................................................................. 3-4 current measurements ...............................................................................

  • Page 8

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual table of contents query commands .................................................................................................................... 5-10 program messages ...................................................................................

  • Page 10

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual table of contents next steps ................................................................................................................. 7-1 additional model 2110 information ..........................................................................

  • Page 12: Welcome

    In this section: welcome .................................................................................. 1-1 contact information .................................................................. 1-1 cd-rom contents .................................................................... 1-2 organiza...

  • Page 13: Cd-Rom Contents

    Section 1: introduction model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 1-2 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 cd-rom contents a cd-rom is shipped with each model 2110 order. The model 2110 product information cd-rom contains: • reference manual: includes a description of connections, operation informat...

  • Page 14: Capabilities And Features

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 1: introduction 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 1-3 capabilities and features the keithley instruments model 2110 is a rugged and versatile 5½-digit resolution digital multimeter with a dual-line liquid-crystal display (lcd), built-in usb interf...

  • Page 15

    Section 1: introduction model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 1-4 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 measurement ranges and functions the model 2110 provides a wide number of measurement ranges and functions including: • dc voltage: 0.1 v, 1 v, 10 v, 100 v, and 1000 v • ac voltage: 0.1 v, 1 v,...

  • Page 16: General Information

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 1: introduction 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 1-5 optional accessories the following optional accessories are available for the model 2110. Keithley part number optional accessory 4299-3 single rack mount kit 4299-4 dual rack mount kit 4299-7 ...

  • Page 17

    Section 1: introduction model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 1-6 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 figure 2: dimensions power-on settings see the following table for information about the model 2110 factory default settings. These settings are also restored when the instrument is turned on a...

  • Page 18

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 1: introduction 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 1-7 function default diode test digits 5.5 range 1 ma rate 0.2 plc resistance digits 5.5 (1 plc) range 1 k Ω temperature digits 4.5 (1 plc) thermocouple k type triggers source immediate delay auto ...

  • Page 20: General Overview

    In this section: turning your instrument on and off .......................................... 2-1 front panel overview ................................................................ 2-5 rear panel overview .............................................................. 2-18 system operations ........

  • Page 21

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-2 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 the power cord supplied with the model 2110 contains a separate protective earth (safety ground) wire for use with grounded outlets. When proper connections are made, the instrument chassis...

  • Page 22

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 2: general overview 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 2-3 2. Press the latch to unlatch the voltage setting selector container, as shown in the following figure (a flat blade screwdriver may be required). Figure 4: unlatching voltage selector 3. R...

  • Page 23

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-4 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 4. Open the clips on the sides and remove the voltage setting selector from the container, as shown in the following figure. Figure 6: open clips 5. Turn the voltage setting to the correct ...

  • Page 24: Front Panel Overview

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 2: general overview 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 2-5 power-up sequence self-test procedures are built into the model 2110 for checking that the logic and measurement hardware are functioning properly. Every time the instrument power is turned...

  • Page 25

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-6 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 (1) display the instrument display has a primary and a secondary display area. There are additional indicators at the upper side (top) and right side of the display to show the state or the...

  • Page 26

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 2: general overview 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 2-7 the following table describes the meaning of each lit indicator. Indicator indicates adr instrument is controlled via the gpib interface. Rmt remote interface operation via the usb interfac...

  • Page 27

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-8 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 shifted keys to perform a shifted function or operation, press shift and then press the key with the label for the function you want to perform printed above it. The procedures in this manu...

  • Page 28

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 2: general overview 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 2-9 the following table describes the functions and shifted functions associated with each key. The shifted functions are shown with a shaded background. Key function dcv selects dc voltage mea...

  • Page 29

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-10 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 (4) range and scroll keys keys description ◄ and ► use ► and ◄ keys to scroll through options. ▲ and ▼ use ▲ and ▼ keys to change the range while measuring. Use ▲ and ▼ keys to change a di...

  • Page 30

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 2: general overview 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 2-11 menu navigation selecting menus to select menus and submenus, use the keys as follows: • to navigate to the main menu, press shift, and then press config (menu). • press the ► ◄ keys to di...

  • Page 31

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-12 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 keys, menus, and selection description acv press the acv key. Config press the config key to display configuration options. Band width use ► and ◄ keys to select bandwidth. Refer to bandwi...

  • Page 32

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 2: general overview 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 2-13 keys, menus, and selection description shift press the shift key to access the shifted function for the next key you press. Dcv (dci) press the dcv (dci) key. Config press the config key t...

  • Page 33

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-14 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 keys, menus, and selection description enter (2nd) press enter (2nd) key. Config refer to secondary measurement function (on page 3-26) for details. Off select off to turn off the dual mea...

  • Page 34

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 2: general overview 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 2-15 keys, menus, and selection description range use ► and ◄ keys to display additional selections. Refer to range selection (on page 3-39) for details. Cap select cap to configure capacitance...

  • Page 35

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-16 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 keys, menus, and selection description null (math) press ► and ◄ keys to display additional selections. Refer to math operations (on page 3-48) for details. Off turn the math function off....

  • Page 36

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 2: general overview 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 2-17 keys, menus, and selection description config (menu) press config (menu) to select the menu. Set adc select to configure autozero. Refer to autozero (on page 3-38) for details. Auto zero s...

  • Page 37: Rear Panel Overview

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-18 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 keys, menus, and selection description interface select communication interface. Refer to rear panel connection details (on page 2-19). Usb access usb settings. On select usb. Off disable ...

  • Page 38

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 2: general overview 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 2-19 (4) protective earth (safety ground) ground screw for connection to protective earth (safety ground). Connect to protective earth using recommended wire size (#16 awg or larger). (5) ac li...

  • Page 39: System Operations

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-20 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 figure 15: gpib connector set the gpib address the gpib address value is set to 16 at the factory. The address can be set to any address value between 0 and 30. However, the address must b...

  • Page 40

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 2: general overview 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 2-21 turning off measurement display you have the option to stop measurements from showing on the display. When the measurement display is turned off, the off indicator is lit. This indicator d...

  • Page 41

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-22 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 turning the beeper off or on the model 2110 beeps when certain conditions are met or when an error occurs. You can only turn off the beeper for some operations. The beeper sound remains in...

  • Page 42

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 2: general overview 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 2-23 selecting the initial operating mode the model 2110 provides the option to save the current operating settings or restore the factory default settings when the instrument is turned on. Ref...

  • Page 43

    Section 2: general overview model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 2-24 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 viewing errors in the error queue when the err indicator on the display is lit, it indicates that the instrument has detected an error condition. In general, the err indicator and error qu...

  • Page 44: Basic Measurement Functions

    In this section: basic measurement functions .................................................. 3-1 triggering and data buffer ...................................................... 3-28 enhancing measurement performance .................................. 3-37 basic measurement functions the model 2...

  • Page 45

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-2 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 to eliminate thermal emfs caused by the differences between two metals, use copper test leads to connect your source signal to the model 2110. Use the following procedure and commands to...

  • Page 46

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-3 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comma...

  • Page 47

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-4 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 ratio measurements this feature calculates the ratio of an input dc voltage to a reference dc voltage using the following equation: this function only applies to dc voltage measurement. ...

  • Page 48

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-5 connections for ratio measurements figure 17: connections for ratio measurements the reference signal must be between -2.1 v and 2.1 v. Remote operation commands that use the parameter c...

  • Page 49

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-6 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 a measurement configuration command can also be used for ratio calculations. Use the following command to select the ratio function, set the measure range, set measurement resolution, pe...

  • Page 50

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-7 connections for dc and ac current measurements the maximum input on the 3 a input terminals is 3 a, 250 v. The maximum input on the 10 a input terminals is 10 a. Exceeding these input le...

  • Page 51

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-8 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 measurement configuration commands can also be used to perform measurements. Use the following commands to select a function (dci or aci), set the measure range, set measurement resoluti...

  • Page 52

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-9 resistance measurements there are two measurement methods for resistance: • 2-wire ohms • 4-wire ohms as shown in the figure in connections for resistance measurements (on page 3-10), on...

  • Page 53

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-10 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 connections for resistance measurements source current flows from input hi to input lo as shown in the following figure. Figure 19: connections for resistance measurements.

  • Page 54

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-11 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comm...

  • Page 55

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-12 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 frequency and period measurements the instrument measures frequency from 3 hz to 300 khz (or periods from 333 ms to 3.33 µs) using the ac voltage ranges (100 mv to 750 v) or ac current ...

  • Page 56

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-13 connections for frequency and period measurements figure 20: connections for freq and period.

  • Page 57

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-14 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comm...

  • Page 58

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-15 continuity measurements the instrument uses the 1 k Ω range and 5½-digit resolution to measure continuity. The instrument beeps when the test resistance is less than the threshold resis...

  • Page 59

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-16 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 front-panel operation perform the following steps to measure the threshold voltage of a diode: 1. Connect the diode to the instrument, as shown below. These connections forward-bias the...

  • Page 60

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-17 temperature measurement for temperature measurements, the instrument supports resistance temperature detector (rtd) probes, ntc thermistors, and thermocouple sensors. In general, rtds h...

  • Page 61

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-18 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 connections to measure temperature using an rtd the following figure shows how to connect rtd probes to the instrument. For the 3-wire probe, make sure to connect the sense lo terminal ...

  • Page 62

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-19 rtd coefficients and temperature calculation the table below shows the default coefficient values for the pt100, d100, f100, pt385, and pt3916 rtd sensors. For the model 2110, these val...

  • Page 63

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-20 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 entering sensor coefficients there are three rtd sensor types that allow you to enter coefficient values for sensor parameters. The coefficients are provided with the documentation supp...

  • Page 64

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-21 use the following commands to enter the parameter coefficients for the user sensor: temperature:rtd:rzero = r-zero value temperature:rtd:alpha = alpha value temperature:rtd:beta = beta ...

  • Page 65

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-22 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 thermocouple measurements the following table lists the temperature range for the supported thermocouple (tc) types: thermocouple temperature measurement ranges thermocouple type temper...

  • Page 66

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-23 front-panel operation perform the following steps to configure the model 2110 for thermocouple measurements: 1. Press the shift key and then press temp (tcoupl). 2. Select the sensor ty...

  • Page 67

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-24 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comm...

  • Page 68

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-25 connections to measure capacitance figure 24: connections for capacitance remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects t...

  • Page 69

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-26 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 secondary measurement function the instrument provides dual measurement capability. When you enable the secondary measurement function, or second function (2nd), you make two measuremen...

  • Page 70

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-27 to simultaneously measure dci and dcv from the same input source, you must use three test leads, as shown in the following figure. The voltage and current measurements share the same co...

  • Page 72

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-29 front panel triggering there are two trigger modes for front panel operation: auto triggering and external triggering. Auto triggering when the instrument is turned on, it goes into the...

  • Page 73

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-30 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 measurements begin when the instrument leaves the idle state and then receives a trigger while in the wait-for-event state. The reading rate depends on the trigger delay setting, integr...

  • Page 74

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-31 external triggering the instrument is triggered by the trigger key or a pulse received from an external source. After each measurement, the instrument provides an output pulse on the vm...

  • Page 75

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-32 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 ext trig terminal the ext trg (external trigger) terminal is located on the instrument's rear panel. Use this terminal to trigger the instrument by sending it a low-true pulse. In addit...

  • Page 76

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-33 sample count the sample count is the number of measurements (up to 2000) to perform each time the instrument is triggered. The sample count is stored in volatile memory. It defaults to ...

  • Page 77

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-34 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 trigger delay a trigger delay is normally used to allow an input signal time to settle before making the measurement. Settling time is affected by the measurement range, test cable prop...

  • Page 78

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-35 setting trigger delay from the front panel when not using auto trigger delay, you can manually set the delay time from 0 to 3600 seconds (100 µs resolution). Your trigger delay time is ...

  • Page 79

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-36 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 setting reading hold from the front panel reading hold is enabled by pressing shift and then trigger until the hold indicator turns on. To disable reading hold, press shift again and th...

  • Page 80

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-37 remote operation when the instrument is triggered to start performing measurements, it stores a specified number of measurement readings in the data buffer (memory). The total number of...

  • Page 81

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-38 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 autozero the instrument can correct for drifting by comparing the input signal to zero periodically. You can set this up to occur automatically or when requested. To set the instrument ...

  • Page 82

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-39 range selection for best accuracy and resolution, always use an appropriate range to perform the measurement. With autorange enabled, the instrument will automatically select the optimu...

  • Page 83

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-40 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comm...

  • Page 84

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-41 resolution and integration time integration time can be set for the following measurement functions: • number of power line cycles (nplc) can be set for the dcv, dci, Ω2, and Ω4 functio...

  • Page 85

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-42 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 integration time and resolution settings for dcv display resolution integration time measurement resolution (remote operation) 4½ digits 0.001 plc 0.0003 x full scale range 4½ digits 0....

  • Page 86

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-43 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comm...

  • Page 87

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-44 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 bandwidth and resolution for ac measurements an ac filter is used for acv and aci measurements. The ac filter affects measurement speed. As shown in the table below, there are three ban...

  • Page 88

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-45 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comm...

  • Page 89

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-46 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 front-panel operation perform the following steps to set the aperture (integration time): 1. Select the frequency or period measurement function: • to select frequency, press the freq k...

  • Page 90

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-47 digital filter the digital filter lets you set the filter response to stabilize noisy measurements. The instrument uses a digital filter, which is based on reading conversions. The disp...

  • Page 91

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-48 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comm...

  • Page 92

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-49 when you enable math operations and your integration rate is faster than 0.6 plc, the maximum reading rate is affected significantly. The maximum rates when math operations are enabled ...

  • Page 93

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-50 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comm...

  • Page 94

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-51 remote operation use the following commands to configure and control the average math function: calculate:function average select the average math function calculate:state enable or dis...

  • Page 95

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-52 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 front-panel operation perform the following steps to use a measured value as the null value: 1. Select and configure a measurement function. 2. Connect the null signal or device to the ...

  • Page 96

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-53 limits limit testing allows you to set high and low limit values. When the reading falls outside these limits, the instrument beeps and displays the "hi" or "lo" message. The limit valu...

  • Page 97

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-54 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comm...

  • Page 98

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-55 front-panel operation perform the following steps to use the mx+b function: 1. Press the shift and null (math) keys. 2. Use the ◄ and ► keys to display mx+b and press enter. 3. Set the ...

  • Page 99

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-56 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 dbm the dbm math function is defined as decibels above or below a 1 mw reference. With a user- programmable reference impedance, the instrument reads 0 dbm when the voltage needed to di...

  • Page 100

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 3: basic dmm operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 3-57 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comm...

  • Page 101

    Section 3: basic dmm operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 3-58 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 remote operation commands that use the parameter can use the minimum and maximum name parameters. Min selects the minimum value and max selects the maximum value. Use the following comm...

  • Page 102: Theory Of Operation

    In this section: ac voltage measurements and crest factor ............................. 4-1 dmm resistance measurement methods .................................. 4-3 reference junctions ................................................................. 4-4 accuracy calculations .........................

  • Page 103

    Section 4: theory of operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 4-2 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 figure 32: rms calculations and crest factor — square figure 33: rms calculations and crest factor — rectified square figure 34: rms calculations and crest factor — pulse figure 35: rms ...

  • Page 104

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 4: theory of operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 4-3 dmm resistance measurement methods the model 2110 uses the constant-current method to measure resistance. The constant-current method sources a constant current (i sour ) to the device u...

  • Page 105: Reference Junctions

    Section 4: theory of operation model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 4-4 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 figure 37: four-wire constant-current source method reference junctions a reference junction is the cold junction in a thermocouple circuit that is held at a stable, known temperature. T...

  • Page 106: Accuracy Calculations

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 4: theory of operation 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 4-5 accuracy calculations the following information discusses how to calculate accuracy for both dc and ac characteristics. Calculating dc and ac characteristics accuracy dc characteristics ...

  • Page 108: Programming Syntax

    In this section: programming syntax ................................................................ 5-1 common commands ................................................................ 5-4 introduction to scpi language ................................................. 5-9 scpi signal-oriented measu...

  • Page 109

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-2 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 long-form and short-form versions a scpi command word can be sent in its long-form or short-form version. For example, this manual lists commands in the scpi command subsystem reference (on ...

  • Page 111: Common Commands

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-4 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 scpi command terminators a command string sent to the instrument must terminate with a character. The ieee-488.2 eoi (end-or-identify) message is interpreted as a character and can be used t...

  • Page 112: *cls — Clear Status

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-5 common command reference this topic provides a detailed reference for all common commands. . *cls — clear status this command clears the status byte summary register and all event registers....

  • Page 113

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-6 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 *idn? — identification query this query command reads the instrument's identification code. Usage *idn? Details the identification code includes the manufacturer, model number, serial number...

  • Page 114: *rst — Reset Command

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-7 *psc — power-on status clear this command enables or disables the power-on status clear function. Usage *psc 0 *psc 1 details when *psc 1 is in effect, the status byte and standard event reg...

  • Page 115: *trg — Trigger Command

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-8 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 *sre — service request enable command this command sets or clears the individual bits of the service request enable register. Usage *sre 1 *sre 32 details the individual bits of the service ...

  • Page 116

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-9 introduction to scpi language topic overview this section contains reference information on programming the model 2110 with the scpi commands. It is organized as follows: scpi parameter type...

  • Page 117

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-10 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 string parameters string parameters can contain virtually any set of ascii characters. A string must begin and end with matching quotes; either with a single quote or with a double quote. Y...

  • Page 118

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-11 single command messages the above command structure has three levels. The first level is made up of the root command (:status) and serves as a path. The second level is made up of another p...

  • Page 119

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-12 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 using common commands and scpi commands in the same message both common commands and scpi commands can be used in the same message as long as they are separated by semicolons (;). A common ...

  • Page 120

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-13 format output data will be in one of the following formats. Sd.Ddddddddesdd sd.Ddddddddesdd,...,..., sd.Ddddddddesdd sd.Ddddddddesdd,...,..., s negative sign or positive sign d numeric digi...

  • Page 122

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-15 query command description configure? Query the selected function. Details the configure command offers a little more flexibility than the measure? Command. The multimeter sets the parameter...

  • Page 127

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-20 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 calculate subsystem summary command description :calculate path to configure math calculations. :function specify math function: percent, average, null, limit, mxb, db, or dbm. :function? Q...

  • Page 128

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-21 display subsystem summary command description :display turn on or off front panel display. Where: 0 = off and 1 = on. :display:text define ascii message “a” (up to 16 characters in length)....

  • Page 132

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-25 command description :auto? Query auto zero. Returns 0 (off) or 1 (on). Once returns 0 (off). :average path to configure average. :tcontrol specify moving or repeat. :tcontrol? Query average...

  • Page 133

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-26 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 trigger subsystem summary command description trigger :source specify a trigger source. The instrument will accept a software (bus) trigger, an immediate internal trigger (immediate), or a ...

  • Page 134: Calculate Subsystem

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-27 calculate subsystem the commands in this subsystem configure and control the calculate subsystems and are summarized in calculate subsystem summary (on page 5-20). There are seven math oper...

  • Page 136: Calculate:function

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-29 calculate:function this command configures the math function for the calculate commands. You can only select one function at a time. Parameters description percent select percent math calcu...

  • Page 139: Calculate:state

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-32 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 minimum set to minimum value. Maximum set to maximum value. Query command description calculate:percent:target? Query the target value for percent math function. Calculate:percent:target? M...

  • Page 140: Display Subsystem

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-33 display subsystem the display subsystem controls the display of the instrument and is summarized in display subsystem summary (on page 5-21). Display this command enables or disables the di...

  • Page 141: Display:text:clear

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-34 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 display:text:clear this command clears text messages from the secondary display. Parameters command description display:text:clear clears the message. Example display:text:clear clears the ...

  • Page 142: [Sense:]Average:state

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-35 [sense:]average:state use this command to turn the digital filter on or off. Parameters description 0 or off turn the digital filter off. 1 or on turn the digital filter on. Query command d...

  • Page 147

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-40 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 [sense:]current[:dc]:range:auto this command turns dc current autorange on or off. Parameters description 0 or off turn autorange off. 1 or on turn autorange on. Query command description c...

  • Page 149

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-42 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 [sense:]fresistance:range:auto this command turns autorange on or off for Ω4. Parameters description 0 or off turn autorange off. 1 or on turn autorange on. Query command description [sense...

  • Page 154

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-47 [sense:]period:voltage:range:auto this command turns autorange on or off for the period voltage function. Parameters description 0 or off turn autorange off. 1 or on turn autorange on. Quer...

  • Page 157

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-50 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 [sense:]tcouple:rjunction:rselect use this command to select a reference junction type, real or simulated. Parameters description real select a real reference junction type. Simulated selec...

  • Page 158: [Sense:]Tcouple:type

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-51 [sense:]tcouple:type use this command to select thermocouple sensor type. Parameters description b thermocouple type b. C thermocouple type c. E thermocouple type e. J thermocouple type j. ...

  • Page 162: [Sense:]Temperature:rtd:type

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-55 [sense:]temperature:rtd:type use this command to select the rtd sensor type for temperature measurement with rtd. Parameters description pt100 select rtd type pt100. D100 select rtd type d1...

  • Page 167: [Sense:]Unit

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-60 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 [sense:]unit use this command to select units for temperature measurement. Parameters description cel celsius far fahrenheit k kelvin query command description [sense:]unit? Query unit sens...

  • Page 168

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-61 [sense:]voltage:ac:range:auto this command turns autorange on or off for ac voltage measurements. Parameters description 0 or off turn autorange off. 1 or on turn autorange on. Query comman...

  • Page 172: System Subsystem

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-65 system subsystem the system subsystem contains miscellaneous commands that are summarized in system subsystem summary (on page 5-25). :beeper this command turns the beeper on or off for lim...

  • Page 173: System:idnstr

    Section 5: remote commands model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 5-66 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 system:idnstr use this command to change the identification string. Parameters description "manufacturer,product" the identification string. No more than 39 characters. Details to query the...

  • Page 174: Trigger Subsystem

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-67 trigger subsystem the commands in this subsystem configure and control the trigger operations and are summarized in trigger subsystem summary (on page 5-26). When the instrument is triggere...

  • Page 176: Trigger:delay:auto

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 5: remote commands 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 5-69 trigger:delay:auto turn automatic trigger delay on or off. The delay is determined by function, range, integration time, and ac filter setting. Specifying a delay time automatically turns o...

  • Page 178: Troubleshooting

    In this section: troubleshooting ....................................................................... 6-1 running a self-test ................................................................... 6-2 error codes............................................................................... 6-3 trou...

  • Page 179: Running A Self-Test

    Section 6: troubleshooting guide model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 6-2 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 running a self-test self-test procedures are built into the model 2110 for checking that the logic and measurement hardware are functioning properly. Every time the instrument is power...

  • Page 180: Error Codes

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 6: troubleshooting guide 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 6-3 error codes errors are retrieved in first-in-first-out (fifo) order. The first error returned is the first error that was stored. When you have read all errors from the queue, the erro...

  • Page 181

    Section 6: troubleshooting guide model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 6-4 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 error code type description -213 init ignored ee an initiate command was received but could not be executed because a measurement was already in progress. Send a device clear to halt a...

  • Page 182

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual section 6: troubleshooting guide 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 6-5 error code type description 603 front-end mcu does not respond st the main cpu u1601 attempts to establish serial communications with the front-end processor u2001. Communication must ...

  • Page 183

    Section 6: troubleshooting guide model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 6-6 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 error code type description 619 ohms 1 ma source failed st this test configures to the 1000 v dc range with the internal 10 m 100:1 divider r204 connected across the input. The 1 ma oh...

  • Page 184: Next Steps

    In this section: additional model 2110 information ........................................... 7-1 additional model 2110 information this manual has prepared you to start using your new model 2110 instrument. For additional information on the model 2110, refer to: • the product information cd-rom (s...

  • Page 185

    Section 7: next steps model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual 7-2 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013.

  • Page 186: Introduction

    In this appendix: introduction ............................................................................... A-1 line fuse replacement .............................................................. A-1 current input fuse replacement ................................................ A-3 upgrading th...

  • Page 187

    Appendix a: maintenance model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual a-2 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 figure 38: plug in power switch perform the following steps to replace the line fuse: to prevent injury, death, or instrument damage, use only the correct fuse type. 1. Power-off the instrument...

  • Page 188

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix a: maintenance 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 a-3 4. Snap the fuse out of voltage selector container and replace it with the same type. Figure 40: removing a broken fuse 5. Push the voltage selector container back into the module. If the power...

  • Page 189: Upgrading The Firmware

    Appendix a: maintenance model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual a-4 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 as shown in the following figure, the current input fuses are located in the current input terminals. Perform the following steps to replace a blown fuse: 1. Push in the fuse holder and turn it...

  • Page 190: Overview

    In this appendix: overview .................................................................................. B-1 clearing registers and queues .................................................. B-3 programming enable registers ................................................. B-3 reading registers ...

  • Page 191

    Appendix b: status model model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual b-2 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 error queue and output buffer the instrument uses an output buffer and an error queue. The response messages to query commands are placed in the output buffer. As various programming errors an...

  • Page 192: Reading Registers

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix b: status model 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 b-3 clearing registers and queues when the instrument is turned on, the bits of all registers in the status structure are cleared (reset to 0), and the queue and buffer are empty. Commands to rese...

  • Page 193

    Appendix b: status model model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual b-4 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 status byte and service request (srq) service request is controlled by two 8-bit registers: the status byte register and the status byte enable register. Status byte register the summary messa...

  • Page 194

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix b: status model 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 b-5 service request the generation of a service request is controlled by the status byte enable register. This register is programmed by you and is used to enable or disable the setting of bit b6 ...

  • Page 195

    Appendix b: status model model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual b-6 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 status structure using serial polling and srq any enabled event summary bit that goes from 0 to 1 will set bit b6 and generate a srq (service request). In your test program, you can periodical...

  • Page 196

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix b: status model 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 b-7 knowing when a command sequence is finished use the following commands to find out when a command sequence has finished. 1. Send a dcl general bus command to clear the output buffer and bus co...

  • Page 197: Status Register Sets

    Appendix b: status model model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual b-8 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 status register sets there are two status register sets in the status structure of the instrument: standard event status and questionable event status. Standard event register the bit definiti...

  • Page 198

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix b: status model 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 b-9 standard event register bit definition decimal value description 0 operation complete 1 set bit indicates that all pending selected device operations are completed and the instrument is ready ...

  • Page 199

    Appendix b: status model model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual b-10 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 questionable data register the questionable data register indicates when measurements result in any of the following conditions by setting the appropriate bit: • voltage range overload • curr...

  • Page 200: Communication Interfaces

    In this appendix: communication interfaces ....................................................... C-1 communication interfaces this section shows you how to connect instruments to the following communication interfaces: • universal serial bus (usb) • general purpose interface bus (gpib or ieee-488)...

  • Page 201

    Appendix c: communication interface model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual c-2 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 the full version of national instruments (ni ® ) visa provides a utility to create a usb driver for any other kind of usb device that you want to communicate with visa. For more inf...

  • Page 202

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix c: communication interface 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 c-3 figure 44: select communication bus dialog box 4. Select usb. 5. Click next. The select instrument driver dialog box is displayed. Figure 45: select instrument driver dialog box 6. ...

  • Page 203

    Appendix c: communication interface model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual c-4 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 8. Click next. The name virtual instrument dialog box is displayed. Figure 46: name virtual instrument dialog box 9. In the virtual instrument name box, enter a name that you want t...

  • Page 204

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix c: communication interface 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 c-5 figure 47: keithley communicator open instrument 14. Click ok. 15. Send a command to the instrument and see if it responds. If you have a full version of ni visa on your system, you...

  • Page 205

    Appendix c: communication interface model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual c-6 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 figure 48: usb connector contact number signal name typical wiring assignment description 1 vbus red floating 2 d- white limit test pass 3 d+ green limit test fail 5 gnd black gnd i...

  • Page 206

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix c: communication interface 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 c-7 additional usb information this section provides further details and more advanced information about the usb bus and test-and-measurement instruments. Connecting multiple usb instru...

  • Page 207

    Appendix c: communication interface model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual c-8 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 communication with the instrument the gpib driver software you installed installs an interactive dumb terminal program that allows you to send commands to the instrument. The progra...

  • Page 208

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix c: communication interface 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 c-9 gpib reference general bus commands general commands are commands that have the same general meaning, regardless of the instrument (for example, dcl). The following table lists the ...

  • Page 209

    Appendix c: communication interface model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual c-10 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 dcl use the device clear (dcl) command to clear the gpib interface and return it to a known state. Note that the dcl command is not an addressed command, so all instruments equippe...

  • Page 210

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix c: communication interface 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 c-11 for the kusb-488a gpib controller from keithley instruments, the configuration utility is called gpib configuration. It is available from the windows start menu at keithley instrum...

  • Page 211

    Appendix c: communication interface model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual c-12 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 vxipnp drivers vxi (vixie) plug-and-play (vxipnp) style drivers are win32 dlls that have some standard functions defined by the vxipnp alliance, such as: • init • close • error_mes...

  • Page 212

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix c: communication interface 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 c-13 instrument driver examples all keithley drivers come with examples written in several programming languages that show you how to do the most common things with the instruments. Ins...

  • Page 213

    Appendix c: communication interface model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual c-14 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 keithley i/o layer the keithley i/o layer (kiol) is a software package that contains several utilities and drivers. It is mainly used as a supplement to ivi drivers, or application...

  • Page 214

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix c: communication interface 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 c-15 how to uninstall previous versions of the keithley i/o layer if you have an earlier version of the keithley i/o layer software installed on your computer, you must uninstall it. To...

  • Page 215

    Appendix c: communication interface model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual c-16 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 to install the keithley i/o layer from the keithley website: 1. Download the keithley i/o layer software from the keithley instruments website ( http://www.Keithley.Com ) as descri...

  • Page 216

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix c: communication interface 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 c-17 5. Uninstall other versions of visa by selecting the appropriate entry from the control panel add/remove programs wizard list. 6. Restart the keithley i/o layer software installati...

  • Page 217

    Appendix c: communication interface model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual c-18 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 addressing instruments with visa visa allows you to communicate with the instrument on different communication buses by changing a resource string that gets passed in with the viop...

  • Page 218

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix c: communication interface 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 c-19 addressing instruments through gpib there are two different resource classes in visa for the gpib bus. Instr is the basic class that everyone uses. It allows application software t...

  • Page 219

    Appendix c: communication interface model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual c-20 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 visa-c sample code the following is a simple c/c++ console application that reads back the instrument identification string using visa-c. You need to include visa.H and link with t...

  • Page 220

    Model 2110 5½ digit multimeter reference manual appendix c: communication interface 2110-901-01 rev. C/august 2013 c-21 visa-com sample code this example gets the instrument identification string using visa-com in c#. The first thing to do is add a reference to the visa-com interop dll, which is usu...

  • Page 221

    Specifications are subject to change without notice. All keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of keithley instruments, inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. Keithley instruments, inc. Corporate headquarters • 28775 aurora road • cle...