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Keithley 2750 User Manual

Manual is about: Multimeter/Switch System

Summary of 2750

  • Page 1

    M o c . Y e l h t i e k . W w w e c n e d i f n o c f o e r u s a e m r e t a e r g a user’s manual 2750-900-01 rev. F / august 2011 model 2750 multimeter/switch system.

  • Page 2

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2011, keithley instruments, inc. All rights reserved. Cleveland, ohio, u.S.A. Document number: 2750-900-01 rev. F 2750-900-01.Book page 1 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 3

    2750-900-01.Book page 2 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 4: Safety Precautions

    04/09 the following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intend...

  • Page 5

    Themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000v, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed. Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance- limited sources. Never connect swi...

  • Page 6

    The warning heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure. The caution heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrume...

  • Page 7

    2750-900-01.Book page 4 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 8: Table of Contents

    Table of contents 1 getting started general information ................................................................................. 1-2 contact information .......................................................................... 1-2 safety symbols and terms .....................................

  • Page 9: Basic Dmm Operation

    2-wire functions ................................................................................. 2-8 4-wire functions (paired channels) .................................................... 2-8 controlling the system channel ......................................................... 2-9 non-amp and ...

  • Page 10

    Thermistors ..................................................................................... 3-27 4-wire rtds .................................................................................... 3-28 connections ......................................................................................

  • Page 11: Buffer

    Relative ..................................................................................................... 5-2 basic operation .................................................................................. 5-2 remote programming — rel ............................................................

  • Page 12: Triggering

    Manual/external trigger scan ........................................................... 7-22 monitor scan (analog trigger) ......................................................... 7-23 remote programming — scanning ........................................................ 7-25 trigger model ..........

  • Page 13: Remote Operations

    Limits .............................................................................................. 9-16 digital outputs ................................................................................. 9-18 10 remote operations operation enhancements .................................................

  • Page 14: Status Structure

    Error messages .............................................................................. 10-21 11 status structure overview ................................................................................................ 11-2 status byte and srq ....................................................

  • Page 15: Scpi Reference Tables

    System:beeper[:state] ..................................................... 14-8 15 scpi reference tables reference tables ...................................................................................... 15-2 b model 7700 connection guide card configuration — schematic ...........................

  • Page 16: Temperature Equations

    Source resistance noise ..................................................................... E-5 magnetic fields .................................................................................. E-6 radio frequency interference ............................................................ E-6 groun...

  • Page 17

    2750-900-01.Book page 10 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 18

    1 getting started quick start — of the following section topics, three can be used immediately to quickly acquaint yourself with fundamental instrument operations. Use qs1 to familiarize your- self with front panel controls, use qs2 to power-up the instrument, and, finally, use qs3 to perform exerci...

  • Page 19: General Information

    1-2 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual general information contact information worldwide phone numbers are listed at the front of this manual. If you have any questions, please contact your local keithley representative or call a keithley application engineer at 1-800-...

  • Page 20: Inspection

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-3 inspection model 2750 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit....

  • Page 21

    1-4 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7703 — this differential multiplexer provides 32 channels of 2-pole input, or 16 channels of 4-pole input. Model 7705 — this control module provides 40 independent 1-pole switching (spst) channels that are isolated from the ...

  • Page 22: Model 2750 Features

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-5 rack mount kit model 4288-7 rack mount kit — mounts a model 2750 in a standard 19-inch rack. Includes rear brackets to provide additional support for a mainframe that has two or more switching modules installed. Note the model 275...

  • Page 23: Plug-In Switching Modules

    1-6 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual • digital i/o port — five digital limit test output lines to control external circuitry. The digital trigger link and hardware interlock input can also be accessed at this port. • monitor — the model 2750 can monitor a selected ch...

  • Page 24

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-7 model 7706 model 7707 model 7708 model 7709 2-pole operation 4-pole operation 1-pole operation measure volts measure amps measure ohms cold junction for thermo- couples relay type 1 connector type configuration 2 unique features 2...

  • Page 25: Pseudocards

    1-8 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual pseudocards using remote programming, you can assign a pseudocard to an empty switching module slot. With a pseudocard “installed,” the model 2750 will operate as if the switching mod- ule is installed in the model 2750. This feat...

  • Page 26: Front Panel Summary

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-9 front and rear panel familiarization front panel summary the front panel of model 2750 is shown in figure 1-1 . Figure 1-1 model 2750 front panel note most keys provide a dual function or operation. The nomenclature on a key indi-...

  • Page 27

    1-10 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual middle row unshifted extrig selects external triggering (front panel, bus, trigger link) as the trigger source. Trig triggers a measurement when in external triggering (ex trig). Store sets the number of readings to store and ena...

  • Page 28

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-11 4 display annunciators: * (asterisk) readings being stored in buffer. ↔ (more) indicates additional selections are available. ))) (speaker) beeper on for continuity or limits testing. Digital input/output or analog output active ...

  • Page 29: Rear Panel Summary

    1-12 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rear panel summary the rear panel of model 2750 is shown in figure 1-2 . As shown, slot covers are installed on unused slots. Warning slot covers must be installed on unused slots to prevent personal con- tact with high voltage c...

  • Page 30: Rack Mounting

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-13 rack mounting the model 2750 can be mounted in a standard 19-inch rack. For a mainframe that has one or no switching modules installed, the model 2750 can be secured to the front rails of the rack. The hardware necessary to secur...

  • Page 31: Power-Up

    1-14 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual power-up line power connection follow the procedure below to connect the model 2750 to line power and turn on the instrument. 1. Check to see that the line voltage indicated in the window of the fuse holder assem- bly ( figure 1-...

  • Page 32: Line Frequency

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-15 line frequency the model 2750 will operate at line frequencies from 45hz to 66hz, and 360hz to 440hz. There are no user-settings for line frequency. It is automatically sensed at power-up. The following command can be used to rea...

  • Page 33: Power-Up Sequence

    1-16 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual power-up sequence on power-up, the model 2750 performs self-tests on its eprom and ram and momen- tarily lights all segments and annunciators. If a failure is detected, the instrument momen- tarily displays an error message and t...

  • Page 34: Display

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-17 remote programming the following command controls keyclick: system:kclick ' enable or disable keyclick. Where: = on or off note keyclick on is the factory, *rst, and system:preset default. Display readings are displayed in engine...

  • Page 35

    1-18 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual display:text:data define text message this command defines the text message for display. A message can be as long as 12 char- acters. A space counts as a character. Excess message characters results in an error. The characters mu...

  • Page 36: Defaults and User Setups

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-19 defaults and user setups model 2750 can be restored to one of two default setup configurations (factory or *rst), or three user-saved (sav0, sav1, or sav2). As shipped from the factory, model 2750 powers up to the factory (fact) ...

  • Page 37: Saving and Restoring Setups

    1-20 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual saving and restoring setups saving a user setup 1. Configure model 2750 for the desired measurement application. 2. Press shift and then save to access the save setup menu. 3. Press to place the cursor on the present setup (sav0,...

  • Page 38

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-21 table 1-4 default settings setting factory *rst set diff auto channel configuration no (off) no effect ✓ autozero on on buffer no effect no effect auto clear yes (on) no effect ✓ channel average off off closed channels none none ...

  • Page 39

    1-22 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual setting factory *rst set diff limits off off lo limit 1 -1 -1 hi limit 1 +1 +1 lo limit 2 -2 -2 hi limit 2 +2 +2 line synchronization off off math mx+b off off scale factor 1.0 1.0 offset 0.0 0.0 units “x” “x” percent off off ref...

  • Page 40

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-23 setting factory *rst set diff rs-232 off off baud rate no effect no effect flow control xonxoff xonxoff terminator no effect no effect scanning disabled disabled auto scan no (off) no effect ✓ type (simple or advanced) no effect ...

  • Page 41

    1-24 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — default and user setups default and user setup commands are listed in table 1-5 . Note the system:preset and *rst defaults are listed in the scpi tables in section 15 . Setting factory *rst set diff voltage (...

  • Page 42: Quick Start Exercises

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-25 programming example *sav 2 ' save present setup in memory location 2. Syst:pos sav2 ' specify sav2 setup as the power-on setup. *rst ' return 2750 to rst defaults. *rcl 2 ' return 2750 to setup stored in memory location 2. Remote...

  • Page 43

    1-26 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual note when using the front panel input terminals, the input switch must be in the “f” (out) position. The input switch is located on the right side of the front panel near the input terminals. When using a switching module, the sw...

  • Page 44

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-27 the following examples demonstrate how to include the function name in the command string for configuration commands. Volt:rang 10 ' select 10v range for dcv. Res:rang:auto on ' enable auto range for w2. Curr:dig 4.5 ' set dci fo...

  • Page 45

    1-28 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual closing and opening channels — system channel operation note see section 2 for details on closing and opening switching module channels. Note the following discussion assumes a multiplexing switching module (i.E., model 7700) ins...

  • Page 46

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-29 figure 1-6 connection to dmm for 4-wire function (system channel 106 closed) note switching module channels can also be controlled using multiple channel opera- tion. This allows individual control of all module channels (switche...

  • Page 47

    1-30 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 1-7 front panel keys to close and open system channels for remote programming, the following three commands are used for basic system opera- tion to open and close input channels: route:close ' close specified system chann...

  • Page 48: Simple Scanning

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-31 exercise 2 — closing and opening channels (system channel operation) the exercise in table 1-7 demonstrates a sequence to close and open channels of a model 7700 installed in slot 1 of the mainframe. Simple scanning note see sect...

  • Page 49

    1-32 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual timer interval (timer) — for the step function, the timer specifies the time delay between scanned channels. For the scan function, the interval specifies the time delay between scans. The timer starts when the scan is started. F...

  • Page 50

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-33 for remote programming, the following commands are used for simple scanning: route:scan ' define scan list*. Trigger:count ' specify number of scans (1 to 11000 or ' infinity). Sample:count ' specify number of channels to scan ' ...

  • Page 51

    1-34 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual trigger and return readings — remote programming there are several commands used to trigger and return readings. The proper commands and sequence to use depend on trigger state (continuous or non-continuous) and what you are tryi...

  • Page 52

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-35 figure 1-9 exercise 4 — trigger and return a single reading init:cont off trig:coun 1 samp:coun 1 place 2750 in non-continuous trigger state set 2750 to perform one measurement 1. If a math function (mx+b, percent or 1/x) is enab...

  • Page 53

    1-36 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 1-10 exercise 5 — trigger and return multiple readings init:cont off trig:coun 1 samp:coun x read? Init fetch? Place 2750 in non-continuous trigger state set 2750 to perform “x” number of measurements (x = 2 to 110000) 2. ...

  • Page 54

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-37 figure 1-11 exercise 6 — return a single reading (continuous triggering) samp:coun 1 init:cont on data? Data:fresh? Fetch? Calc:data? Place 2750 in continuous trigger state. Or or return basic reading 2, 3 return result of math c...

  • Page 55

    1-38 getting started model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 38 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 56

    2 closing and opening switching module channels • close/open overview — summarizes the two operating modes to control switch- ing modules: system channel operation and multiple channel operation. • switching module installation and connections — explains how to install a switching module (or pseudoc...

  • Page 57: Close/open Overview

    2-2 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open overview note this section covers basic close/open operations for switching module channels. It also covers the operating characteristics that are unique to the model 7700 switching module. Unique o...

  • Page 58: Module Installation

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-3 switching module installation and connections in order to exercise close/open operations explained in this section, a switching module (or pseudocard) must be installed in the mainframe. A switching module can...

  • Page 59: Connections

    2-4 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual connections warning connection information for switching modules is intended for quali- fied service personnel. Do not attempt to connect dut or external cir- cuitry to a switching module unless qualified to d...

  • Page 60: Pseudocards

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-5 pseudocards using remote programming, you can assign a pseudocard to an empty switching module slot. With a pseudocard installed, the model 2750 will operate as if the switching module is installed in the mode...

  • Page 61: System Channel Operation

    2-6 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual system channel operation the system channel is a closed measurement channel that is internally connected to the internal dmm input of the model 2750. The system channel number is displayed on the model 2750. F...

  • Page 62: 2-Wire Functions

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-7 2-wire functions figure 2-1 shows an example of how the system channel is connected to the dmm input of the model 2750. Assume a model 7700 switching module is installed in slot 1 of the mainframe. When channe...

  • Page 63

    2-8 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 2-2 4-wire system channel connections to model 2750 dmm controlling the system channel when a measurement channel is closed, a previous system channel (and, for a 4-wire func- tion, its paired channel) ...

  • Page 64

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-9 note the and keys can also be used to open all channels in the mainframe. Sim- ply increment or decrement the channel number until there is no channel dis- played. Figure 2-3 system channel operation — closing...

  • Page 65

    2-10 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual too small or too large — these messages also indicate an invalid channel. Too small indicates that the specified channel and any other lower numbered channel is invalid. Too large indicates that the specified...

  • Page 66

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-11 remote programming — system channel control commands the commands to close and open the system channel are listed in table 2-1 . When a sys- tem channel reading is returned, the system channel number will be ...

  • Page 67

    2-12 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual c. Route:close? This query command returns a of closed measurement channels, including paired channels for 4-wire functions. This query command will not return non-measurement channels, such as backplane isol...

  • Page 68

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-13 if a system channel is already closed and you attempt to select the dci or aci function, the message “invalid func” will be displayed briefly. For remote programming, error -221 (settings conflict) is generat...

  • Page 69: Multiple Channel Operation

    2-14 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual making amps measurements — in order to perform amps measurements, you must use the front panel inputs of the 2701 mainframe. You can still use the non-amps module for other aspects of the test, but you must u...

  • Page 70

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-15 isolation channels. Multiple channel operation should only be performed by experienced test system engineers. Warning careless multiple channel operation could create an electric shock haz- ard that could res...

  • Page 71

    2-16 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual some other key points for multiple channel operation include the following: • closing a channel using multiple channel operation has no affect on other closed channels. Whatever channels were previously close...

  • Page 72

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-17 close key (multi menu option) the multi menu option for the close key can be used to close any individual channel in the mainframe ( figure 2-6 ). Perform the following steps to close a channel: note channels...

  • Page 73

    2-18 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 3. Press enter to display the prompt to open a channel (open mlt:xxx). 4. Using , , Δ , and ∇ , key in the three-digit channel you want to select. 5. Press enter to open the channel. Note if the channel you o...

  • Page 74

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-19 reference: a. Route:multiple:close this command functions like the front panel close key (multi menu option) to close channels. When you send this command to close the channels specified in the , only those l...

  • Page 75

    2-20 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming example (multiple channel operation) the following example assumes a model 7700 installed in slot 1. This command sequence connects channel 101 to channel 111 (through channel 123). Note th...

  • Page 76

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-21 to correctly display the channel that is closed (channel 102) repeat step 1 above to open all channels, and then use the key or the rout:clos (@102) command to close (and dis- play) channel 102. This closes c...

  • Page 77

    2-22 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual dual independent multiplexers using multiple channel operation, any multiplexer switching module can be configured as two independent multiplexers. For example, the model 7700 is normally used as a single 1 ×...

  • Page 78

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-23 dual multiplexer application this application demonstrates how to use the model 7700 as a dual multiplexer to bias and measure 10 dut. An external source powers the dut, while the dmm of the model 2750 measur...

  • Page 79

    2-24 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 2-9 dual multiplexer application connections ch 1 dut 1 h1 lo ch 2 dut 2 h1 lo ch 10 dut 10 h1 lo ch 11 h1 lo ch 12 h1 lo ch 20 h1 lo ch 23 (closed) ch 25 ch 24 h1 lo external source model 7700 switchi...

  • Page 80

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-25 test procedure: notes the following test procedure assumes a model 7700 switching module installed in slot 1 of the mainframe. The procedure assumes that the instrument is operating in the continuous mea- sur...

  • Page 81

    2-26 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 7. Test the remaining eight dut in a similar manner. That is, close the appropriate channels for the dut, make the measurement, and then open the channels. 8. After the last dut is tested, repeat step 1 to op...

  • Page 82: Viewing Closed Channels

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-27 identifying installed modules and viewing closed channels on power-up, the model numbers of installed switching modules are displayed briefly. While in the normal display state, red slot indicators on the rig...

  • Page 83

    2-28 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual card: config — this menu item is used to configure switching modules. The chan- nels of the model 7700 switching module and other similar type modules do not need to be configured. Slotx: 77xx — use to config...

  • Page 84

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-29 figure 2-11 card menu tree switching module queries (remote operation) for remote operation there are commands to identify installed switching modules and channels that are closed. There are also commands to ...

  • Page 85

    2-30 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual route:close? Route:multiple:close? Route:multiple:close:state? These query commands are used to determine closed switching module channels. Rout:clos? Is used to return a list of closed measurement channels i...

  • Page 86: Relay Closure Count

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-31 relay closure count the model 2750 keeps an internal count of the number of times each module relay has been closed. The total number of relay closures are stored in eeprom on the card. This count will help y...

  • Page 87: Reading Relay Closure Count

    2-32 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual reading relay closure count to determine the closure count of specific channels, send this query via remote: route:close:count? Here, is the summary of channels. For example, to determine the closure count of...

  • Page 88: Model 7700 Switching Module

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-33 model 7700 switching module note connection and wiring procedures for the model 7700 are to be performed by qualified service personnel. This information is provided in appendix b (model 7700 connection guide...

  • Page 89: Schematic Diagram

    2-34 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual schematic diagram the simplified schematic diagram of the model 7700 is shown in figure 2-12 . Channels 1 through 20 are used for all measurements except amps. Channels 21 and 22 are used for amps only. There...

  • Page 90

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-35 figure 2-12 model 7700 simplified schematic notes: cold junction ref x3 channel 1 hi lo channel 10 hi lo (channels 2–9) channel 11 hi lo channel 20 hi lo (channels 12–19) channel 21 hi lo channel 22 hi lo amp...

  • Page 91

    2-36 close/open switching module channels model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 36 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 92

    3 basic dmm operation • dmm measurement capabilities — summarizes the measurement capabilities of the model 2750 and covers maximum signal levels for switching modules. • high energy circuit safety precautions — provides safety information when per- forming measurements in high energy circuits. • pe...

  • Page 93: Dmm Measurement Capabilities

    3-2 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual dmm measurement capabilities the dmm of the model 2750 can make the following measurements: dcv — dc voltage measurements from 0.1µv to 1000v. Acv — ac voltage measurements from 0.1µv to 750v. Dci — dc current measurements fro...

  • Page 94

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-3 high energy circuit safety precautions to optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits, read and use the directions in the following warning. Warning dangerous arcs of an explosive nature in a hi...

  • Page 95: Performance Considerations

    3-4 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual performance considerations warm-up after the model 2750 is turned on, it must be allowed to warm up for at least two hours to allow the internal temperature to stabilize. If the instrument has been exposed to extreme temperatu...

  • Page 96

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-5 lsync (line cycle synchronization) synchronizing a/d conversions with the frequency of the power line increases common mode and normal mode noise rejection. When line cycle synchronization is enabled, the measurement is initia...

  • Page 97: Remote Programming

    3-6 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — autozero and lsync autozero and lsync commands the commands to control display resolution (digits) are listed in table 3-1 . Table 3-1 autozero and lsync commands commands description default autozero comm...

  • Page 98: Channel List Parameter ()

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-7 channel list parameter () channels of one or more switching modules installed in the model 2750 can be scanned. Each scan channel can have its own unique setup. For example, a channel could be set to measure dcv on the 10v ran...

  • Page 99: Dcv Input Divider

    3-8 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual voltage measurements (dcv and acv) the model 2750 can make dcv measurements from 0.1µv to 1000v and acv measure- ments from 0.1µv to 750v rms, 1000v peak. Dcv input resistance: 100v and 1000v ranges: 10m Ω 100mv, 1v, and 10v r...

  • Page 100

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-9 front panel input when using the front panel input terminals, connect the test leads to the input hi and lo terminals as shown in figure 3-2 . Figure 3-2 dcv and acv connections using front panel inputs input impedance = 1m Ω ...

  • Page 101

    3-10 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 switching module connections for the model 7700 switching module are shown in figure 3-3 . For basic dcv and acv measurements ( figure 3-3 a and b), channels 1 through 20 can be used. Ratio and channel average calc...

  • Page 102: Volts Measurement Procedure

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-11 volts measurement procedure note make sure the inputs switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “f” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “r” (in) position. 1. If a swi...

  • Page 103: Crest Factor

    3-12 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual crest factor ac voltage (and current) accuracies are affected by the crest factor of the waveform, the ratio of the peak value to the rms value. Table 3-2 lists the fundamental frequencies at which the corresponding crest fac...

  • Page 104

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-13 thermal emfs thermal emfs (thermoelectric potentials) are generated by temperature differences between the junctions of dissimilar metals. These can be large compared to the signal that the model 2750 can measure. Thermal emf...

  • Page 105: Connections

    3-14 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual current measurements (dci and aci) the model 2750 can make dci measurements from 10na to 3a and aci measurements from 1µa to 3a rms. Note see the previous discussion about crest factor in “voltage measurements (dcv and acv),”...

  • Page 106: Amps Measurement Procedure

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-15 model 7700 switching module connections for the model 7700 switching module are shown in figure 3-5 . Note that only channels 21 and 22 can be used for current measurements. Figure 3-5 dci and aci connections using model 7700...

  • Page 107: Resistance Measurements (

    3-16 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual amps fuse replacement (front panel amps input) warning make sure the instrument is disconnected from the power line and other equipment before replacing the amps fuse. 1. Turn off the power and disconnect the power line and t...

  • Page 108: Connections

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-17 connections note when using the front panel inputs, the inputs switch must be in the “f” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “r” (in) position. Front panel inputs connections for resistance measurements a...

  • Page 109

    3-18 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 3-6 Ω2 and Ω4 connections for front panel inputs note: source current flows from the input hi to input lo terminals. Note: source current flows from the input hi to input lo terminals. A. Ω2 connections b. Ω4 connectio...

  • Page 110

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-19 figure 3-7 Ω2 and Ω4 connections for model 7700 switching module standard resistance measurements note make sure the inputs switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “f” (out) position. F...

  • Page 111: Offset-Compensated Ohms

    3-20 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual caution front panel inputs — do not apply more than 1000v peak between input hi and lo, or instrument damage may occur. Model 7700 switching module — do not apply more than 300v dc or rms between input high (h) or input low (...

  • Page 112

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-21 the offset-compensated ohms reading is then calculated as follows: offset-compensated ohms reading = Δv/Δi where: Δv = v2 - v1 Δi = i2 - i1 v1 is the voltage measurement with the current source at its normal level. V2 is the ...

  • Page 113: Dry Circuit Ohms (Dryckt)

    3-22 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual note the ocomp annunciator will flash when the instrument is on an invalid range (100k Ω through 100mΩ ranges) for offset-compensated ohms. Normal ohms measurements will instead be performed. With dry circuit ohms enabled, 1k...

  • Page 114

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-23 measuring resistance of voltage-sensitive devices dry circuit ohms should be used for any device that could be damaged by high open- circuit voltage. If not sure, and the slightly degraded accuracy is not a consideration, it ...

  • Page 115

    3-24 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual note the states (on or off) of dry circuit ohms and offset-compensated ohms are “remembered” by the Ω4 function after you select a different measurement func- tion (i.E., dcv). When Ω4 is again selected, the previous states o...

  • Page 116: Temperature Measurements

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-25 temperature measurements the model 2750 can measure temperature using thermocouples, thermistors, and 4-wire rtds. When deciding which temperature sensor to use, keep in mind that the thermocou- ple is the most versatile, the...

  • Page 117

    3-26 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual reference junctions a reference junction is the cold junction in a thermocouple circuit which is held at a sta- ble, known temperature. It is at the cold junction where dissimilar wire connections must be made. As long as the...

  • Page 118: Thermistors

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-27 external reference junction for switching modules that do not have built-in sensors to measure temperature, each module can use a thermistor or 4-wire rtd to acquire the reference temperature. Connect a thermistor to channel ...

  • Page 119: 4-Wire Rtds

    3-28 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 4-wire rtds for 4-wire rtds, the temperature measurement range is -200°c to 630°c (0.01°c resolu- tion). Rtd types that are supported include d100, f100, pt385, and pt3916. A user type is available to modify rtd parameters, s...

  • Page 120

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-29 ence junction may be inconvenient but it will provide more accurate temperature measure- ments (assuming the user enters a precise reference temperature). With open thermocouple detection disabled, the model 2750 can calculat...

  • Page 121

    3-30 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 3-8 thermocouple connections thermocouple ice bath model 2750 a. Simulated reference junction (front panel inputs) h l ch 1-10 model 7700 switching module h l ch 11-20 d. Channel average calculation, internal reference...

  • Page 122

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-31 table 3-3 color codes — thermocouple wires t/c type positive (+) negative (-) t/c type positive (+) negative (-) j u.S. White red e u.S. Purple red british yellow blue british brown blue din red blue din red black japanese re...

  • Page 123

    3-32 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual thermistor connections a thermistor can be connected directly to the front panel inputs or to any of the 20 input channels of the model 7700 switching module as shown in figure 3-9 . Figure 3-9 thermistor connections model 27...

  • Page 124

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-33 4-wire rtd connections shown in figure 3-10 are 4-wire rtd connections to the model 2750. For the model 7700 switching module, paired channels are used to perform the 4-wire measurement. The two input leads of the rtd are con...

  • Page 125

    3-34 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual temperature measurement configuration the model 2750 is configured to measure temperature from the temperature measurement configuration menu. Use the following general rules to navigate through the menu structure: • press sh...

  • Page 126

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-35 thermistor temperature measurement configuration the steps to configure thermistor measurements are provided in table 3-5 . After pressing shift and then sensor, the menu starts at step 1 to select measurement units. Each tim...

  • Page 127

    3-36 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual the steps to configure 4-wire rtd measurements are provided in table 3-7 . After press- ing shift and then sensor, the menu starts at step 1 to select measurement units. Each time you press enter to make a selection, the menu...

  • Page 128: Trigger Level

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-37 note while in the normal measurement state, you can use the and keys to close channels. In general, each key press will open the presently closed channel, and then close the next higher or lower channel. 6. Observe the displa...

  • Page 129: Connections

    3-38 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual connections note when using the front panel inputs, the inputs switch must be in the “f” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “r” (in) position. Front panel input when using the front panel input terminals...

  • Page 130

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-39 frequency and period measurement procedure note make sure the inputs switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “f” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “r” (in) positi...

  • Page 131: Continuity Testing

    3-40 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual continuity testing the model 2750 can test continuity using the 2-wire 1k Ω range. After selecting continuity, you will be prompted to enter the threshold resistance level (1 to 1000 Ω). When the mea- sured circuit is below t...

  • Page 132: Continuity Testing Procedure

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-41 figure 3-13 continuity connections continuity testing procedure note make sure the inputs switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “f” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be i...

  • Page 133: Basic Measurement Commands

    3-42 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming for basic measurements basic measurement commands note when measurements are performed, the readings are fed to other enabled pro- cessing operations. Appendix d explains “ data flow (remote operation) ” an...

  • Page 134

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-43 commands 1 description default ref temp function [sense[1]] optional root command. :temperature:transducer [, ] select temperature transducer; = tcouple, frtd, or thermistor. Tc :temperature:tcouple:type [, ] select t/c type;...

  • Page 135

    3-44 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual commands 1 description default ref period function :period:threshold:voltage:range [, ] select threshold voltage range; = 0 to 1010. 10 f :period:aperture [, ] set gate time for period measurements in secs; = 0.01 to 1.0. 1.0...

  • Page 136

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-45 reference a. Function [, ] note that the parameters in the table are enclosed in single quotes (‘ ’). However, double quotes (“ ”) can instead be used. For example: func ‘volt:ac’ = func “volt:ac” scan configuration — when us...

  • Page 137

    3-46 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual e. Temperature:frtd:rzero [, ] temperature:frtd:alpha [, ] temperature:frtd:beta [, ] temperature:frtd:delta [, ] these commands are used to set the parameters for the user rtd type. Note that the rzero command sets the “ Ω a...

  • Page 138

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-47 data:fresh? Can only be used once to return the same reading string. That is, the reading must be “fresh.” sending this command again to retrieve the same reading string will generate error -230 (data corrupt or stale), or ca...

  • Page 139

    3-48 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic measurement programming examples example #1 — continuous triggering the following command sequence places the model 2750 in a continuous trigger mode to measure acv. Whenever data? Is sent, the last measured reading wil...

  • Page 140: Measurement Queries

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-49 example #4 – scan configuration (model 7700) the following commands configure scan channels 101, 102, and 121 of a model 7700 installed in slot 1. When channel 101 is scanned, dcv will be selected. When channel 102 is scanned...

  • Page 141: :read?

    3-50 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual :read? What it does this command performs three actions. It will reset the trigger model to the idle layer (equivalent to the :abort command), take the trigger model out of idle (equivalent to the :init command), and return a...

  • Page 142: [:sense[1]]:data:fresh?

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-51 [:sense[1]]:data:fresh? What it does this query is similar to :fetch? In that it returns the latest reading from the instrument but has the advantage of making sure that it does not return the same reading twice. Limitations ...

  • Page 143: Examples

    3-52 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual examples one-shot reading, dc volts, no trigger, fastest rate *rst :initiate:continuous off;:abort :sense:function ‘voltage:dc’ :sense:voltage:dc:range 10 // use fixed range for fastest readings. :sense:voltage:dc:nplc 0.01 /...

  • Page 144

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-53 2750-900-01.Book page 53 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 145

    3-54 basic dmm operation model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 54 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 146

    4 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter • range — provides details on measurement range selection. Includes the com- mands for remote programming. • digits — provides details on selecting display resolution. Includes the commands for remote programming. • rate and bandwidth — provides details o...

  • Page 147: Range

    4-2 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range the range setting is “remembered” by each measurement function. When you select a function, the instrument will return to the last range setting for that function. Measurement ranges and maximum re...

  • Page 148: Auto Ranging

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-3 if the instrument displays the “overflow” message on a particular range, select a higher range until an on-range reading is displayed. Use the lowest range possible without causing an overflow to assure ...

  • Page 149: Remote Programming — Range

    4-4 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — range range commands the commands to set range are listed in table 4-2 . Additional information on these com- mands follow the table. Note query commands and some optional command wo...

  • Page 150: Digits

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-5 manual ranging the range is selected by specifying the expected reading as an absolute value using the parameter for the appropriate :range command. The model 2750 will then go to the most sensitive rang...

  • Page 151

    4-6 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — digits digits commands the commands to control display resolution (digits) are listed in table 4-3 . Additional information on these commands follow the table. Note query commands ar...

  • Page 152

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-7 setting digits even though the parameters for the digits command are expressed as integers (4 to 7), you can specify resolution using a real number. For example, to select 3h digit resolution, let = 3.5....

  • Page 153: Rate and Bandwidth

    4-8 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rate and bandwidth rate the rate key sets the integration time (measurement speed) of the a/d converter, the period of time the input signal is measured (also known as aperture). The integration time aff...

  • Page 154

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-9 the front panel rate settings for all but the ac functions are explained as follow: • fast sets integration time to 0.1 plc. Use fast if speed is of primary impor- tance (at the expense of increased read...

  • Page 155: Bandwidth

    4-10 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual setting measurement speed — the rate key is used to set measurement speed from the front panel. Simply press rate until the desired speed annunciator (fast, med, or slow) turns on. Note the model 2750 u...

  • Page 156

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-11 remote programming — rate and bandwidth rate and bandwidth commands the commands to set the integration rate and bandwidth are listed in table 4-5 . Additional information on these commands follows the ...

  • Page 157

    4-12 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual aperture aperture is a different way to specify the integration rate. As previously explained, 1 plc sets the integration rate to 16.67msec (assuming 60hz line power). You can instead use an aperture co...

  • Page 158

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-13 to set bandwidth, simply specify (approximately) the frequency of the input signal. The instrument will automatically set the bandwidth as follows: = 3 to 29 3hz to 300khz = 30 to 299 30hz to 300khz = 3...

  • Page 159: Filter

    4-14 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual filter the digital filter is used to stabilize noisy measurements. The displayed, stored, or trans- mitted reading is a windowed-average of a number of reading conversions (from 1 to 100). The filter se...

  • Page 160

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-15 for voltage, current, and resistance, the filter window is expressed as a percent of range. For example, on the 10v range, a 10% window means that the filter window is ±1v. For temperature, the filter w...

  • Page 161

    4-16 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 4-2 moving and repeating filters filter example filter type — moving filter window = 0.01% of range filter count = 10 filter state = on ten readings fill the stack to yield a filtered reading. No...

  • Page 162

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-17 note bit 8 of the operation event status register sets when the filter window has properly settled (or the filter is disabled). See section 11 , “ status structure ,” for details. Filter control and con...

  • Page 163

    4-18 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 4-3 filter configuration flow chart scanning the moving filter cannot be used when scanning. A scan channel cannot be configured to use the moving filter. Also, the filter window is not used when...

  • Page 164

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-19 remote programming — filter filter commands the filter commands are listed in table 4-6 . Additional information on these commands follow the table. Note query commands are not included in table 4-6 . A...

  • Page 165

    4-20 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual commands 1, 4 description 5 default dci filter commands [sense[1]] optional root command. :current[:dc]:average:tcontrol select filter type; = moving or repeat. (note 2) :current[:dc]:average:window set...

  • Page 166

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-21 commands 1, 4 description 5 default Ω4 filter commands [sense[1]] optional root command. :fresistance:average:tcontrol select filter type; = moving or repeat. (note 2) :fresistance:average:window set fi...

  • Page 167

    4-22 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual filter programming examples example #1 — the following command sequence configures filtering for the dci function: curr:tcon mov ' select the moving filter. Curr:aver:wind 0.01 ' set filter window to 0....

  • Page 168

    5 relative, math, ratio, channel average, and db • relative — explains how to null an offset or establish a baseline value. Includes the commands for remote programming. • math — covers the three basic math operations: mx+b, percent, and reciprocal (1/x). Includes the commands for remote programming...

  • Page 169: Relative

    5-2 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual relative the rel (relative) function can be used to null offsets or subtract a baseline reading from present and future readings. When rel is enabled, the instrument uses the present reading as a relative val...

  • Page 170

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-3 pressing rel a second time disables rel. You can input a rel value manually using the mx+b function. Set m for 1 and b for any value you want. The mx+b function is covered in this section (see “math,” page 5-...

  • Page 171: Remote Programming — Rel

    5-4 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — rel rel commands the rel commands to set range are listed in table 5-1 . Additional information on these commands follow the table. Note query commands are not included in table 5-1 . All...

  • Page 172

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-5 commands 1 description default rel commands for aci [sense[1]] optional root command. :current:ac:reference [, ] specify rel value; = -3.1 to 3.1 (a). 0 :current:ac:reference:state [, ] enable/disable rel; = ...

  • Page 173

    5-6 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual “pressing rel” using rel commands when the front panel rel key is pressed, the displayed reading is used as the rel value. Subsequent readings are then the result of the actual input value and the rel value. ...

  • Page 174

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-7 value. When rel is set using :acquire, the :reference? Query command returns the acquired rel value. Rel programming examples example #1 — the following command sequence zeroes the display for dcv. Func 'volt...

  • Page 175: Math

    5-8 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual math the model 2750 has three built-in math calculations that are accessed from the math menu: mx+b, percent, and reciprocal (1/x). Figure 5-1 shows the math menu tree. Note that the settings shown in the men...

  • Page 176: Mx+B

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-9 mx+b this math operation lets you manipulate normal display readings (x) mathematically according to the following calculation. Y = mx + b where: x is the normal display reading. M and b are the user-entered ...

  • Page 177: Percent

    5-10 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual mx+b rel the mx+b function can be used to manually establish a rel value. To do this, set the scale factor (m) to 1 and set the offset (b) to the rel value. Each subsequent reading will be the difference bet...

  • Page 178: Reciprocal (1/x)

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-11 reciprocal (1/x) the reciprocal of a reading is displayed when the reciprocal (1/x) math function is enabled: reciprocal = 1/x where: x is the normal input reading the displayed units designator for reciproc...

  • Page 179: Basic Operation

    5-12 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic operation note if using switching module inputs, make sure the front panel inputs switch is set to the rear position (in). If using the front panel inputs, the switch must be in the front position (out...

  • Page 180: Remote Programming — Math

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-13 remote programming — math math commands note when measurements are performed, the readings are fed to other enabled pro- cessing operations, including math. Appendix d explains “ data flow (remote operation)...

  • Page 181

    5-14 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual setting mx+b units the parameter for calculate:kmath:munits must be one character enclosed in single or double quotes. It can be any letter of the alphabet, the degrees symbol (°) or the ohms symbol ( Ω). Th...

  • Page 182

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-15 math programming examples example #1 — the following command sequence performs the mx+b calculation for channels 101 and 102 of the model 7700. Keep in mind that after calc:data? Is sent, the model 2750 has ...

  • Page 183: Ratio and Channel Average

    5-16 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ratio and channel average with a switching module installed in the model 2750, the ratio or average of two channels can be calculated and displayed. The ratio calculation can be done on the dcv function, and...

  • Page 184: Basic Operation

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-17 basic operation note make sure the inputs switch is set to the rear position (in). 1. Select and configure (range, filter, rel, etc.) a valid measurement function. For ratio, the only valid function is dcv. ...

  • Page 185

    5-18 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning ratio and channel average can be used in an advanced scan. The 2-channel scan for the calculation is performed for every primary channel that is scanned. For example, assume the model 7700 is instal...

  • Page 186

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-19 remote programming — ratio and channel average ratio and channel average commands the ratio and channel average are listed in table 5-3 . Details on these commands follow the table. Note queries are not incl...

  • Page 187

    5-20 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual enabling/disabling ratio or channel average as with front panel operation, enabling ratio disables channel average and conversely, enabling channel average disables ratio. Ratio and channel average delay :ra...

  • Page 188: Remote Programming — Db

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-21 db expressing dc or ac voltage in db makes it possible to compress a large range of mea- surements into a much smaller scope. The relationship between db and voltage is defined by the following equation: whe...

  • Page 189

    5-22 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual programming examples — db example #1 — the following command sequence configures the model 2750 to perform dcv db measurements. A 1v input will be measured as 0db. Func 'volt' ' select dcv function. Unit:vol...

  • Page 190

    6 buffer • buffer overview — summarizes basic buffer (data store) capabilities. • front panel buffer — explains how to store and recall readings, and discusses the various statistics available on buffer data including minimum and maximum val- ues, average (mean), standard deviation, and peak-to-peak...

  • Page 191: Buffer Overview

    6-2 buffer model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer overview the model 2750 has a data store (buffer) to store from 2 to 110,000 readings. The instru- ment stores the readings that are displayed during the storage process. Each timestamped reading includes the buffer location number ...

  • Page 192: Timestamps

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-3 note if the buffer is empty when the model 2750 is turned off, buffer auto clear will enable when it is turned back on. If the buffer is not empty, the instrument will power up to the last auto clear set- ting. Keep in mind that if the ins...

  • Page 193

    6-4 buffer model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual note with auto clear disabled and the relative timestamp selected, every stored read- ing is referenced to the first reading (#0), even if the buffer is stopped and started again. For example, assume you stored 10 readings in the buffer, a...

  • Page 194: Storing Readings

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-5 selecting timestamp perform the following steps to select either the real-time clock timestamp or the relative timestamp: note changing the timestamp will clear the buffer if a storage is in process. The mes- sage “buf cleared” will be dis...

  • Page 195: Recalling Readings

    6-6 buffer model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual recalling readings readings stored in the buffer are displayed by pressing the recall key. The readings are positioned at the left side of the display, while the buffer location number (reading num- ber) and timestamps are positioned at th...

  • Page 196: Buffer Statistics

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-7 figure 6-2 recalling buffer data — real-time clock timestamp buffer statistics minimum and maximum this mode displays the minimum and maximum readings stored in the buffer. The buffer location number and timestamp are also provided for the...

  • Page 197: Buffer Commands

    6-8 buffer model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual standard deviation this mode displays the standard deviation of buffered readings. The following equation is used to calculate standard deviation: where: y is the standard deviation. X i is a stored reading. N is the number of stored readi...

  • Page 198

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-9 note optional command words and most queries are not included in table 6-1 . The unabridged tables for all scpi commands are provided in section 15 . Table 6-1 buffer commands command description default 1 ref system:time set clock time in...

  • Page 199

    6-10 buffer model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual a. System:time set clock time use to set the clock time in the 24-hour format (hr/min/sec). Seconds can be set to 0.01 sec resolution. Examples: syst:time 13, 23, 36 ' set time to 1:23:36 pm. Syst:time 3, 25, 28.5 ' set time to 3:25:28.5 ...

  • Page 200

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-11 f. Trace:points 2 to 110000 set buffer size with buffer auto-clear enabled, you can set the buffer to store from 2 to 110,000 readings. A buffer size of zero or one is not valid (error -222). With buffer auto-clear disabled, you cannot us...

  • Page 201

    6-12 buffer model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual j. Trace:data:selected? , specify readings to return trace:next? Query location of last buffer reading use the trace:data:selected? Command to specify which stored readings to return. The parameter specifies the first stored reading to re...

  • Page 202

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-13 l. Format:elements select elements for trace:data? = reading, channel, units, rnumber, tstamp the data returned by trace:data? Can include from one to all five data elements shown in the above item list. For example, if you want the units...

  • Page 204

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-15 2750-900-01.Book page 15 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 205

    6-16 buffer model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 16 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 206

    7 scanning • scanning fundamentals — explains channel assignments (slot/channel program- ming format), the difference between sequential and non-sequential scans, and the basic scan process. Block diagrams (known as trigger models) are provided to help explain the step and scan operations. • scan co...

  • Page 207: Scanning Fundamentals

    7-2 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning fundamentals the model 2750 can scan the channels of up to five installed keithley switching modules. Each scan channel can have its own unique setup. Aspects of operation that can be uniquely set for each channel include functi...

  • Page 208: Channel Assignments

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-3 channel assignments a switching module has a certain number of channels. For example, the model 7700 switching module has 22 channels (1 through 22). When you encounter a 1 or 2-digit channel number in this manual, the switching module c...

  • Page 209: Trigger Models

    7-4 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual closed channels, (2) close the paired channels, and then (3) perform the 4-wire measure- ment. The last scanned channel pair opens. Note for the model 7700 switching module, primary channels 1 through 10 are paired to channels 11 through...

  • Page 210

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-5 figure 7-1 trigger model with step function enable scan control source immediate external timer event detection output trigger another reading ? Trigger counter (reading count) yes no close first chan in list open last chan close next ch...

  • Page 211

    7-6 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 7-2 trigger model with scan function enable scan control source immediate external timer manual* bus* event detection another scan? Trigger counter yes no close first chan in list open last chan close next chan in list ratio/chan ...

  • Page 212

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-7 step operation overview — when the step key is pressed, the model 2750 leaves the idle state, closes the first channel, and waits for the programmed trigger event. After the trigger is detected, the instrument may be subjected to one or ...

  • Page 213

    7-8 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual immediate control source with immediate triggering, event detection is immediate allowing channels to be scanned. Timer control source with the timer source enabled (selected), event detection is immediately satisfied. On the initial pas...

  • Page 214

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-9 delay (auto or manual) — the user can select either auto delay or manual delay. With auto delay selected, the instrument automatically selects a delay period that will provide sufficient settling for function and autorange changes, and m...

  • Page 215

    7-10 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scan operation — when a scan is started, one or more complete scans will be per- formed. The number of channels in the scan list determines the number of channels for each scan. The reading count determines the number of scans to perfor...

  • Page 216: Scan Configuration

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-11 scan configuration a scan is configured from the scan configuration menu which is accessed by pressing shift and then config. Figure 7-3 shows the basic flowchart to configure a scan. After entering the menu structure you can configure ...

  • Page 217

    7-12 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual there are two scan configurations: simple and advanced. When you configure the simple scan, the instrument uses the present instrument setup for each channel in the scan. For the advanced scan, each channel can have its own unique setup...

  • Page 218: Scan Reset

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-13 scan reset from the scan configuration menu, you can reset the scan configuration to the default setup for a simple scan. For the model 7700 switching module, channels 21 and 22 are turned off (not used), and channels 1 through 20 are c...

  • Page 219: Advanced Scan

    7-14 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 7. If you enabled the timer, set the timer interval using the hour/minute/second for- mat. The timer can be set from 0.001 sec (00h:00m:00.001s) to 99 hrs, 99 min, 99.999 sec (99h:99m:99.999s). Note that pressing the auto key sets the t...

  • Page 220

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-15 advanced scan setup notes 1. The chan annunciator is on while in the scan setup menu. 2. For some channel-specific setups, you have to configure them from a menu. For example, to set up and enable mx+b, you have to use math menu. While ...

  • Page 221

    7-16 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual advanced scan setup procedure step 1: select the advanced scan configuration menu 1. Press shift and then config to access the scan setup menu. 2. Press the Δ or ∇ key to display int: advanced and press enter. Step 2: edit scan channels...

  • Page 222: Setting Delay

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-17 step 3: enable immediate scan the present state of immediate scan (imm scan) is displayed; y (yes, which is the fac- tory and *rst default) or n (no). With immediate scan enabled, the scan will start when you press the step or scan key....

  • Page 223: Monitor Channel

    7-18 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual note pressing the auto key sets the manual delay to 0.001 sec. 4. With the desired manual delay displayed, press enter. For remote programming, the triger:delay and trigger:delay:auto commands are used to set the delay. See table 7-1 fo...

  • Page 224: Auto Channel Configuration

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-19 method 1: 1. Use the close key or the and keys to close the channel that you want to be the monitor. 2. Press shift and then monitor (mon annunciator turns on). Method 2: 1. If a channel is closed, press open to open it. 2. Press shift ...

  • Page 225: Saving Setup

    7-20 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual notes auto channel configuration cannot be enabled if there is a non-scan channel presently closed. For example, assume the scan list consists of channels 105 through 110, and channel 101 (a non-scan channel) is presently closed. When y...

  • Page 226: Scan Operation

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-21 resumed. Error +517 occurs (cannot resume scan) to indicate that the scan has been disabled. The instrument assumes the normal power-on setup. The model 7706 does not support auto scan. Trying to enable auto scan with a model 7706 card ...

  • Page 227

    7-22 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual note channels for an advanced scan can be configured using different mx+b units (i.E., ° and ¾), temperature sensors (i.E., 4-wire rtd and thermistor), and mea- surement type (i.E., ocomp ohms and dcv). However, when readings are recall...

  • Page 228: Manual/external Trigger Scan

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-23 manual/external trigger scan the only difference between a manual/external trigger scan and the basic scan is control. The basic scan runs as soon as the step or scan key is pressed. The manual/external trigger scan is controlled by the...

  • Page 229

    7-24 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual monitor scan (analog trigger) a channel can be assigned as a monitor channel. When the monitor channel detects that a reading limit has been reached, the scan will be triggered to start. There are four reading limits that can be used to...

  • Page 230

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-25 a. Press the Δ or ∇ key to enable or disable low limit 1 (llim1 scan:n/y), and press enter. B. Press the Δ or ∇ key to enable or disable high limit 1 (hlim1 scan:n/y), and press enter. C. Press the Δ or ∇ key to enable or disable low li...

  • Page 231: Trigger Model

    7-26 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — scanning note scanning examples (remote programming and front panel operation) are pro- vided at the end of this section. Trigger model the trigger model for bus operation is shown in figure 7-2 . Bus operation is s...

  • Page 232: Channel Setup

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-27 channel setup the parameter is used to set up scan channels. For example, the following exam- ples show how to set up scan channel 101: func 'volt', (@101) ' set 101 for dcv. Volt:rang 10, (@101) ' set 101 for 10v range. Volt:dig 4.5, (...

  • Page 233

    7-28 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 7-1 scanning commands commands description default ref scan commands route:scan specify list of channels to be scanned. A route:scan? Returns list of channels to be scanned. Route:scan:tsource select trigger(s) to start scan; = im...

  • Page 234

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-29 commands description default ref trigger commands trigger:source select control source; = immediate, timer, manual, bus, or external. Imm trigger:timer set timer interval in sec; = 0.001 to 999999.999. 0.1 trigger:count set trigger coun...

  • Page 235

    7-30 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual reference a. Route:scan — channels will be scanned in the order that they are listed. The following example shows the proper format for specifying channels in a scan list for a sequential scan: rout:scan (@101:110,201,204,206) for the a...

  • Page 236

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-31 for the 4-wire resistance function, channels 101through 110 will be paired to chan- nels 111 through 120. Rout:scan? Returns the following scan list: (@101:110) now assume the scan is returned to dcv function as follows: sens:func ‘volt...

  • Page 237: Scanning Programming Example

    7-32 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual e. Sample:count and trigger:count — sample count specifies the number of readings to scan and store in the buffer, while the trigger count specifies the num- ber of scans to perform. If the sample count is greater than the number of cha...

  • Page 238: Scanning Examples

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-33 scanning examples the following scanning examples assume that the model 7700 switching module is installed in slot 1 of the mainframe. Tables are used for the procedure steps to configure and run scan examples. The left side of the tabl...

  • Page 239

    7-34 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual operation a simplified model of external trigger scan operation is shown in figure 7-4 , while the procedure steps and programming commands are listed in table 7-2 . As shown in the operation model, when the scan is enabled, channel 101...

  • Page 240

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-35 table 7-2 external trigger scan example front panel operation remote programming 1 restore defaults: restore defaults (shift setup > restore: fact). *rst 2 for front panel operation, proceed to step 3. For remote programming, clear buff...

  • Page 241: Monitor Scan

    7-36 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual monitor scan for this example, channel 101 of the model 7700 is used to monitor temperature. When the temperature reading reaches 30°c, it will start the scan. For this 4-channel scan, chan- nel 101 measures temperature, while channels ...

  • Page 242

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-37 figure 7-5 monitor scan example ≥30˚c ? 4 measurements ? Measure temp close monitor channel (101) no yes measure open last chan close next chan close first channel return to monitor mode no yes scan monitor mode: scan mode: 2750-900-01....

  • Page 243

    7-38 scanning model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 7-3 monitor scan example front panel operation remote programming 1 restore defaults (shift setup > restore: fact). Syst:pres 2 for front panel operation, proceed to step 3. For remote programming, clear the buffer: trac:cle 3 con...

  • Page 244

    8 triggering • trigger model — explains the various components of the front panel trigger model, which controls the triggering operations of the instrument. • external triggering — explains external triggering which allows the model 2750 to trigger and be triggered by other instruments. • remote pro...

  • Page 245: Trigger Model

    8-2 triggering model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual trigger model the flow chart in figure 8-1 summarizes triggering as viewed from the front panel. It is called a trigger model because it is modeled after the scpi commands used to control triggering. Note for scanning, the trigger mode...

  • Page 246: Delay (Auto Or Manual)

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-3 control source and event detection the control source holds up operation until the programmed event occurs and is detected. The control sources are described as follows: • immediate — with this control source, event detection is immedi...

  • Page 247

    8-4 triggering model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual the delay function is accessed by pressing shift and then delay. The present delay setting (auto or manual) is displayed. Press the Δ or ∇ key to display the desired set- ting and press enter. If manual is chosen, also enter the durati...

  • Page 248: Device Action

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-5 device action the primary device action is a measurement. However, the device action block could include the following additional actions ( figure 8-2 ): figure 8-2 device action • filtering — if the repeating filter is enabled, the in...

  • Page 249: External Triggering

    8-6 triggering model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual external triggering the ex trig key selects triggering from three external sources: trigger link, digital i/o, and the trig key. When ex trig is pressed, the trig annunciator lights and dashes are displayed to indicate the instrument i...

  • Page 250: External Trigger

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-7 external trigger the ext trig input requires a falling-edge, ttl-compatible pulse with the specifica- tions shown in figure 8-4 . In general, external triggers can be used to control measure operations. For the model 2750 to respond to...

  • Page 251: External Triggering Example

    8-8 triggering model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual external triggering example for a test system that requires a large number of switching channels, the model 2750 can be used with external scanners such as the keithley models 7001 and 7002. For example, 10 model 7011s installed in the...

  • Page 252

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-9 the trigger link connections for this test system are shown in figure 8-7 . Trigger link of the model 2750 is connected to trigger link (either in or out) of the model 7002. Note that with the default trigger settings on the model 7002...

  • Page 253

    8-10 triggering model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 1. Press ex trig to place the model 2750 in the external trigger mode. 2. Press step on the model 7002 to take it out of idle and start the scan. The scan- ner’s output pulse triggers the model 2750 to take a reading, store it, and se...

  • Page 254

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-11 c. For the first pass through the model, the scanner does not wait at point b for a trig- ger. Instead, it closes the first channel. D. After the relay settles, the model 7002 outputs a channel ready pulse. Since the instrument is pro...

  • Page 255

    8-12 triggering model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 8-9 din to bnc trigger cable remote programming — triggering trigger model (remote operation) the following paragraphs describe how the model 2750 operates for remote operation. The flow chart in figure 8-10 summarizes operatio...

  • Page 256

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-13 what happens next depends on the state of initiation. If continuous initiation is already enabled, the instrument will leave the idle state. System:preset enables continuous ini- tiation. Therefore, operation will immediately leave th...

  • Page 257

    8-14 triggering model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 8-10 trigger model (remote operation) control source event detection no start :init (:imm) or :init:cont on ? Yes :abort *rcl 0 :syst:pres *rst :init (:imm) or :init:cont on ? No yes idle and initiate :trigger:source immediate ...

  • Page 258: Trigger Model Operation

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-15 trigger model operation once the instrument is taken out of idle, operation proceeds through the trigger model down to the device action. In general, the device action includes a measurement and, when scanning, closes the next channel...

  • Page 259: Triggering Commands

    8-16 triggering model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual the trigger model can be configured to output a trigger after the completion of a series of measurements, or after every measurement. For example, with the sample counter set to 10 and the trigger counter set to one, a trigger will be...

  • Page 260: Programming Example

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-17 reference a. Abort with continuous initiation disabled, the 2750 goes into the idle state. With continu- ous initiation enabled, operation continues at the top of the trigger model. B. Initiate whenever the instrument is operating wit...

  • Page 261

    8-18 triggering model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 18 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 262

    9 limits and digital i/o • limits — explains how to perform limit tests on measured readings. • digital i/o — covers the digital i/o port. Explains how the five digital outputs respond to the results of limit tests. • remote programming — limits and digital output — summarizes the com- mands to perf...

  • Page 263: Limits

    9-2 limits and digital i/o model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits note limits cannot be used with the cont function. When using limits, you can set and control the values that determine the high/in/low status of subsequent measurements. The limit test is performed on the result of ...

  • Page 264

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-3 overflow readings — a reading that exceeds the present measurement range causes the “ovrflw” message to be displayed. The “in,” “1,” and “2” messages are not displayed while in the overflow condition. The high annunciator w...

  • Page 265: Scanning

    9-4 limits and digital i/o model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning when a simple scan is configured, the present limit values and state will apply to all chan- nels in the scan. When an advanced scan is configured, each channel can have its own unique limits configuration. Details...

  • Page 266: Digital I/o

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-5 digital i/o model 2750’s digital i/o port is accessed at a male db-9 connector located on the rear panel. The connector location and pin designations are shown in figure 9-2 . Figure 9-2 digital i/o port digital input (trig...

  • Page 267: Digital Outputs

    9-6 limits and digital i/o model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual digital outputs the digital i/o port has five digital outputs. Each digital output can be used as a sink to control devices (e.G., relays), or as a source to provide input to external logic (ttl or cmos) circuitry. The simp...

  • Page 268

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-7 logic sense the selected logic sense (active high or active low) determines if an output is pulled high or low when the limit is reached. If logic sense is set high, the output line will be pulled high when the reading reac...

  • Page 269

    9-8 limits and digital i/o model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual sink mode — controlling external devices each output can be operated from an external supply (voltage range from +5v to +33v applied through the external device being driven). The high current sink capacity of the output dr...

  • Page 270

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-9 figure 9-4 controlling externally powered relays 4.75k Ω pull up resistor pin 9 - digital ground digital output pin 7 - diode clamp relay coil relay coil + + - - external power (+5v to +33v) external power (+5v to +33v) mod...

  • Page 271

    9-10 limits and digital i/o model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual source mode — logic control the digital outputs can be used as logic inputs to active ttl, low-power ttl, or cmos inputs. For this mode of operation, the output lines can source up to 200µa. Caution each output line can so...

  • Page 272: Setting Digital Output

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-11 setting digital output the output menu (shown in table 9-1 ) is used to control and configure digital outputs. Menu items for the digital output include: • doutput — use to enable (on) or disable (off) the digital outputs....

  • Page 273: Scanning

    9-12 limits and digital i/o model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual perform the following steps to enable and configure digital outputs: 1. Press shift and then output. 2. If the digital output is already on (doutput: on), proceed to step 3. Otherwise, press to move the cursor to the right...

  • Page 274

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-13 remote programing — limits and digital output limits and digital output commands the limits and digital output commands are provided in table 9-2 . Table 9-2 limits and digital i/o commands commands * description def ref l...

  • Page 275

    9-14 limits and digital i/o model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual note when measurements are performed, the readings are fed to other enabled oper- ations, including limits. Appendix d explains “ data flow (remote operation) ” and the commands used to read the result of limit tests. Refe...

  • Page 276

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-15 b. Calculate3:limit1:fail? Calculate3:limit2:fail? These commands are used to query the results of limit 1 and limit 2: 0 = passing (reading within the high and low limits) 1 = failing (reading has reached or exceeded the ...

  • Page 277: Limits

    9-16 limits and digital i/o model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual application — sorting resistors for this application, the idea is to sort a batch of 100 Ω resistors into three bins. Bin 1 is for resistors that are within 1% of the nominal value. Bin 2 is for resistors that exceed 1% to...

  • Page 278

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-17 limit 1 will be used to test for the 1% tolerance and limit 2 will be used to test for the 5% tolerance. The resistance values for the 1% and 5% tolerances are calculated as follows: r 1% = 100 Ω × 1% r 5% = 100 Ω × 5% = 1...

  • Page 279: Digital Outputs

    9-18 limits and digital i/o model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operation — for remote operation, make sure both limit 1 and limit 2 are enabled. The following table evaluates the three possible pass/fail combinations for this example. Keep in mind that a fail condition must be ...

  • Page 280

    10 remote operations • operation enhancements — summarizes some of the more important operations that can only be performed using remote operation. • gpib setup — covers gpib bus standards, selecting the gpib, primary address selection, and bus connections. • general bus commands — describes general...

  • Page 281: Operation Enhancements

    10-2 remote operations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual operation enhancements there are some operations you can do over the ieee-488 bus and rs-232 interface that you cannot do from the front panel. The more important ones are summarized below. Pseudocards using remote operation, y...

  • Page 282: Separate Function Setups

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-3 separate function setups a few settings from the front panel are global. That is, the setting on one function also applies to the other functions. For example, if you set dcv for 3h digits, all the other func- tions will also b...

  • Page 283: Gpib Setup

    10-4 remote operations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual gpib setup the following provides information about gpib standards, selecting the gpib, setting the primary address, and bus connections. Gpib standards the gpib is the ieee-488 instrumentation data bus with hardware and progra...

  • Page 284: Gpib Connections

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-5 gpib connections to connect the model 2750 to the gpib bus, use a cable equipped with standard ieee-488 connectors as shown in figure 10-1 . Figure 10-1 ieee-488 connector to allow many parallel connections to one instrument, s...

  • Page 285

    10-6 remote operations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 10-2 shows a typical connecting scheme for a multi-unit test system. Figure 10-2 ieee-488 connections to avoid possible mechanical damage, stack no more than three connectors on any one unit. Note to minimize interferenc...

  • Page 286: General Bus Commands

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-7 figure 10-3 ieee-488 connector location general bus commands general commands are those commands, such as dcl, that have the same general mean- ing regardless of the instrument. Table 10-1 lists the general bus commands. Table ...

  • Page 287: Ren (Remote Enable)

    10-8 remote operations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ren (remote enable) the remote enable command is sent to the model 2750 by the controller to set up the instrument for remote operation. Generally, the instrument should be placed in the remote mode before you attempt to progra...

  • Page 288: Dcl (Device Clear)

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-9 dcl (device clear) use the dcl command to clear the gpib interface and return it to a known state. Note that the dcl command is not an addressed command, so all instruments equipped to implement dcl will do so simultaneously. W...

  • Page 289: Front Panel Gpib Operation

    10-10 remote operations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual front panel gpib operation this section describes aspects of the front panel that are part of gpib operation, including messages, status indicators, and the local key. Error and status messages see appendix c for a list of err...

  • Page 290: Local Key

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-11 srq you can program the instrument to generate a service request (srq) when one or more errors or conditions occur. When this indicator is on, a service request has been generated. This indicator stays on until the serial poll...

  • Page 291

    10-12 remote operations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual these brackets indicate that immediate is implied (optional) and does not have to be used. Thus, the above command can be sent in one of two ways: initiate or initiate:immediate notice that the optional command is used without...

  • Page 292: Query Commands

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-13 angle brackets angle brackets () are used to denote a parameter type. Do not include the brackets in the program message. For example: ratio the indicates a boolean-type parameter is required. Therefore, to enable channel rati...

  • Page 293: Short-Form Rules

    10-14 remote operations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual long-form and short-form versions an scpi command word can be sent in its long-form or short-form version. The command subsystem tables in section 15 provide the long-form version. However, the short-form version is indicated ...

  • Page 294: Program Messages

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-15 program messages a program message is made up of one or more command words sent by the computer to the instrument. Each common command is a three letter acronym preceded by an asterisk (*). Scpi commands are categorized in the...

  • Page 295

    10-16 remote operations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual command path rules • each new program message must begin with the root command, unless it is optional (e.G., [sense]). If the root is optional, simply treat a command word on the next level as the root. For fastest operation, ...

  • Page 296: Response Messages

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-17 response messages a response message is the message sent by the instrument to the computer in response to a query command program message. Sending a response message after sending a query command, the response message is place...

  • Page 297: Rs-232 Interface Operation

    10-18 remote operations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rs-232 interface operation sending and receiving data the rs-232 interface transfers data using eight data bits, one stop bit, and no parity. Make sure the controller you connect to the multimeter also uses these settings. You...

  • Page 298: Terminator

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-19 signal handshaking (flow control) signal handshaking between the controller and the instrument allows the two devices to communicate to each other regarding being ready or not ready to receive data. The model 2750 does not sup...

  • Page 299: Rs-232 Connections

    10-20 remote operations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual selecting and configuring rs-232 interface after selecting (enabling) the rs-232 interface, you will then set the baud rate, flow con- trol, and terminator. 1. Press the shift key and then the rs-232 key. The rs 232 on or rs 2...

  • Page 300

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-21 figure 10-4 rs-232 interface connector 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 rear panel connector 2750-900-01.Book page 21 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 301: Error Messages

    10-22 remote operations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 10-3 provides pinout identification for the 9-pin (db-9) or 25-pin (db-25) serial port connector on the computer (pc). Error messages see appendix c for rs-232 error messages (+800 through +808). Table 10-2 rs-232 connec...

  • Page 302

    11 status structure • overview — provides an operational overview of the status structure for the model 2750. • clearing registers and queues — covers the actions that clear (reset) registers and queues. • programming and reading registers — explains how to program enable registers and read any regi...

  • Page 303: Overview

    11-2 status structure model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual overview the model 2750 provides a series of status registers and queues allowing the operator to monitor and manipulate the various instrument events. The status structure is shown in figure 11-1 . The heart of the status struc...

  • Page 304

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-3 figure 11-1 model 2750 status register structure (always zero) logical or (always zero) idle state status byte register logical or *stb? *sre / *sre? Master summary status (mss) msb = measurement summary bit eav = error availabl...

  • Page 305

    11-4 status structure model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual clearing registers and queues when the model 2750 is turned on, the bits of all registers in the status structure are cleared (reset to 0), and the two queues are empty. Commands to reset the event and event enable registers, an...

  • Page 306: Programming Enable Registers

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-5 programming and reading registers programming enable registers the only registers that can be programmed by the user are the enable registers. All other registers in the status structure are read-only registers. The following ex...

  • Page 307: Reading Registers

    11-6 status structure model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual reading registers any register in the status structure can be read by using the appropriate query (?) com- mand. The following explains how to interpret the returned value (response message). The actual query commands are covere...

  • Page 308: Status Byte Register

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-7 status byte register the summary messages from the status registers and queues are used to set or clear the appropriate bits (b0, b2, b3, b4, b5, and b7) of the status byte register. These summary bits do not latch, and their st...

  • Page 309: Serial Polling and Srq

    11-8 status structure model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual service request enable register the generation of a service request is controlled by the service request enable register. This register is programmed by you and is used to enable or disable the setting of bit b6 (rqs/mss) by the...

  • Page 310

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-9 status byte and service request commands the commands to program and read the status byte register and service request enable register are listed in table 11-2 . For details on programming and reading registers, see “programming...

  • Page 311

    11-10 status structure model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ' $include: 'ieeeqb.Bi' cls ' clear pc output screen const addr = 16 ' set instrument address. ' ' init gpib. ' call initialize(21, 0) call transmit("unt unl listen " + str$(addr) + " sdc unl", status%) ' send device clear. Cal...

  • Page 312: Status Register Sets

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-11 status register sets as shown in figure 11-1 , there are four status register sets in the status structure of the model 2750: standard event status, operation event status, measurement event status, and questionable event statu...

  • Page 313

    11-12 status structure model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual • bit b1 — not used. • bit b2, query error (qye) — set bit indicates that you attempted to read data from an empty output queue. • bit b3, battery-backed ram error (bre) — set bit indicates that the scan can- not be resumed (er...

  • Page 314

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-13 figure 11-5 operation event status measurement event register the used bits of the measurement event register ( figure 11-6 ) are described as follows: • bit b0, reading overflow (rof) — set bit indicates that the reading excee...

  • Page 315

    11-14 status structure model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual • bit b6, buffer notify (bn) — set bit is a notification that the user-specified num- ber of readings have been stored in the buffer. The trace:notify command spec- ifies the number of stored readings that will set this bit (se...

  • Page 316

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-15 figure 11-6 measurement event status — (b15) ml (b14) btf (b13) bqf (b12) hl (b11) bof (b10) bf (b9) bhf (b8) bav (b7) bn (b6) rav (b5) hl2 (b4) ll2 (b3) hl1 (b2) ll1 (b1) rof (b0) — (b15) ml (b14) btf (b13) bqf (b12) hl (b11) ...

  • Page 317

    11-16 status structure model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual questionable event register the used bits of the questionable event register ( figure 11-7 ) are described as follows: • bits b0 through b3 — not used. • bit b4, temperature summary (temp) — set bit indicates that an invalid re...

  • Page 318

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-17 figure 11-7 questionable event status (b13 - b9) (b14) (b8) (b15) or questionable condition register questionable event enable register warn = command warning cal = calibration summary temp = temperature summary & = logical and...

  • Page 319: Condition Registers

    11-18 status structure model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual condition registers as figure 11-1 shows, each status register set (except the standard event register set) has a condition register. A condition register is a real-time, read-only register that constantly updates to reflect th...

  • Page 320: Event Enable Registers

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-19 event enable registers as figure 11-1 shows, each status register set has an enable register. Each event register bit is logically anded (&) to a corresponding enable bit of an enable register. Therefore, when an event bit is s...

  • Page 321: Queues

    11-20 status structure model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual queues the model 2750 uses two queues, which are first-in, first-out (fifo) registers: • output queue — used to hold reading and response messages. • error queue — used to hold error and status messages. The model 2750 status m...

  • Page 322

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-21 on power-up, all error messages are enabled and will go into the error queue as they occur. Status messages are not enabled and will not go into the queue. As listed in table 11-6 , there are commands to enable and/or disable m...

  • Page 323

    11-22 status structure model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 22 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 324

    12 common commands 2750-900-01.Book page 1 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 325

    12-2 common commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual common commands (summarized in table 12-1 ) are device commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and defined by the ieee-488.2 standard. Table 12-1 ieee-488.2 common commands and queries mn...

  • Page 326

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual common commands 12-3 a *idn? — identification query reads identification code the identification code includes the manufacturer, model number, serial number, and firm- ware revision levels and is sent in the following format: keithley instruments inc...

  • Page 327

    12-4 common commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual note the following commands take a long time to process and may benefit from using *opc or *opc?: • *rst and syst:pres • *rcl and *sav • rout:mult:clos and rout:mult:open – only if the is long. • calc2:imm and calc2:imm?– only wh...

  • Page 328

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual common commands 12-5 note the following commands take a long time to process and may benefit from using *opc or *opc?: • *rst and syst:pres • *rcl and *sav • rout:mult:clos and rout:mult:open – only if the is long. • calc2:imm and calc2:imm?– only wh...

  • Page 329

    12-6 common commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2. Cancels all pending commands. 3. Cancels response to any previously received *opc and *opc? Commands. Note for rs-232 operation (and in some cases, gpib operation), *opc or *opc? Should be used with *rst, which is a slow respo...

  • Page 330

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual common commands 12-7 the model 2750 has three overlapped commands: • : initiate • :initiate:continuous on • *trg note see *opc, *opc?, and *trg for more information. The initiate commands remove the model 2750 from the idle state. The device opera- t...

  • Page 331

    12-8 common commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 8 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 332

    13 scpi signal oriented measurement commands 2750-900-01.Book page 1 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 333

    13-2 scpi signal oriented commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual the signal oriented measurement commands are used to acquire readings. You can use these high level instructions to control the measurement process. These commands are summarized in table 13-1 . Note when measuremen...

  • Page 334: Configure:  [], [], []

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi signal oriented commands 13-3 configure: [], [], [] configure:voltage[:dc] [], [], [] configure dcv configure:voltage:ac [], [], [] configure acv configure:current[:dc] [], [], [] configure dci configure:current:ac [], [], [] configure aci confi...

  • Page 335

    13-4 scpi signal oriented commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual query configure? Query the selected function. Description included — when the parameter is included with configure command, the specified channel(s) for the scanlist assumes the *rst default settings for the specifi...

  • Page 336: Fetch?

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi signal oriented commands 13-5 fetch? Description this command requests the latest post-processed reading. After sending this command and addressing the model 2750 to talk, the reading is sent to the computer. This command does not affect the ins...

  • Page 337

    13-6 scpi signal oriented commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual if the instrument is in the idle state, initiate takes the instrument out of the idle state. If continuous initiation is enabled, (initiate:continuous on), then the initiate command generates error -213 (init ignore...

  • Page 338: Measure:?  [], [], []

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi signal oriented commands 13-7 measure:? [], [], [] measure:voltage[:dc]? [], [], [] measure dcv measure:voltage:ac? [], [], [] measure acv measure:current[:dc]? [], [], [] measure dci measure:current:ac? [], [], [] measure aci measure:resistance...

  • Page 339

    13-8 scpi signal oriented commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual when a measure? Command is sent, the specified function is selected. If specified, range and resolution will also set. All other instrument set- tings related to the selected function are reset to the *rst defaults....

  • Page 340

    14 format and miscellaneous system commands • format commands — covers the scpi commands to configure the format that readings are sent over the bus. • miscellaneous system commands — covers miscellaneous system commands. 2750-900-01.Book page 1 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 341: Format Commands

    14-2 format and misc system commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual format commands the commands in this subsystem are used to select the format for transferring data, table 14-1 , over the bus. Format[:data] [,] parameters ascii = ascii format sreal = binary ieee-754 single preci...

  • Page 342

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual format and misc system commands 14-3 ascii data format the ascii data format is in a direct readable form for the operator. Most programming languages easily convert ascii mantissa and exponent to other formats. However, some speed is compromised to ...

  • Page 343

    14-4 format and misc system commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 14-2 ieee-754 data formats s # 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 e f header byte 1 byte 2 byte 3 byte 4 s = sign bit (0 = positive, 1 = negative) e = exponent bits (8) f = fraction bits (23) normal byte order shown. For sw...

  • Page 344: Format:elements

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual format and misc system commands 14-5 format:elements parameters reading = dmm reading units = units tstamp = timestamp rnumber = reading number channel = channel number limits = limits reading the specified elements are included in the data string in...

  • Page 345: Format:border

    14-6 format and misc system commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits — for the ascii data format, limit test results are returned as a 4-bit binary num- ber “abcd” where: a = high limit 2 b = low limit 2 c = high limit 1 d = low limit 1 a “0” indicates that the limit has pas...

  • Page 346: System:preset

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual format and misc system commands 14-7 miscellaneous system commands system commands not covered in other sections of the manual are documented here. Table 15-7 lists all system commands and provides references on where to find more information. System...

  • Page 347: System:beeper[:state]

    14-8 format and misc system commands model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual the queue for the :key? Query command can only hold one key-press. When :key? Is sent and model 2750 is addressed to talk, the key-press code number for the last key “pressed” is sent to the computer. System:beepe...

  • Page 348

    15 scpi reference tables 2750-900-01.Book page 1 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 349: Reference Tables

    15-2 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual reference tables table 15-1 through table 15-10 summarize the commands to operate the model 2750 and model 7700 switching module. Note the commands listed in the following tables pertain to operation of the model 2750 and t...

  • Page 350

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-3 table 15-1 calculate command summary command description default parameter ref scpi calculate[1] subsystem to control calc 1: sec 5 ✓ :format [] select math format (none, mxb, percent, or reciprocal). Percent ✓ :format? [] ...

  • Page 351

    15-4 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual calculate3 subsystem to control calc 3 (limit test): sec 9 ✓ :mlimit path for master limit command: :latched enable or disable master limit latch. Off :output path for limit output commands: [:state] enable or disable limit...

  • Page 352

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-5 calculate3 :limit2 path to control limit 2 test: ✓ :upper path to configure upper limit: ✓ [:data] [, ] set upper limit (-4294967295 to +4294967295). 2 ✓ [:data]? [] query upper limit. ✓ :lower path to configure lower limit...

  • Page 353

    15-6 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 15-2 display command summary command description default parameter ref scpi display (see note) sec 1 [:window[1]] ✓ :text path to control user text messages. ✓ :data define ascii message “a” (up to 12 characters). (no...

  • Page 354

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-7 table 15-4 route command summary command description default parameter ref scpi route :monitor specify one channel to be monitored. Sec 7 :state enable or disable channel monitoring. Off :state? Query state of channel monit...

  • Page 355

    15-8 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual route :scan path to configure scan: sec 7 ✓ [:internal] specify list of channels to be scanned. ✓ [:internal]? Query scan list. ✓ :tsource select trigger source to start the scan (imm, or hlim1, hlim2, llim1, and llim2). Im...

  • Page 356

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-9 :delay [, ] set delay between the two measurements in seconds (0 to 99999.999). 1 0.5 :delay? [] query delay. [:state] [, ] enable or disable channel ratio. Off [:state]? [, ] query state of channel ratio. :voltage[:dc] pat...

  • Page 357

    15-10 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual [sense[1]] :voltage:ac path to configure ac voltage. Sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz, 1.67e-4 to 1; 50hz, 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :nplcycles [,...

  • Page 358

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-11 [sense[1]] :current[:dc] path to configure dc current. Sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz, 1.67e-4 to 1; 50hz, 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :nplcycles ...

  • Page 359

    15-12 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual [sense[1]] :current:ac path to configure ac current. Sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz, 1.67e-4 to 1; 50hz, 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :nplcycles [,...

  • Page 360

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-13 [sense[1]] :resistance path to configure resistance. Sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz, 1.67e-4 to 1; 50hz, 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :nplcycles [,...

  • Page 361

    15-14 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual [sense[1]] :fresistance path to configure four-wire resistance. Sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz, 1.67e-4 to 1; 50hz, 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :n...

  • Page 362

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-15 [sense[1]] :temperature path to configure temperature: sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz, 1.67e-4 to 1; 50hz, 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :nplcycles ...

  • Page 363

    15-16 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual [sense[1]] :temperature :tcouple path to configure thermocouple: 5 sec 3 :type [, ] select t/c type (j, k, t, e, r, s, b, n). K :type? [] query t/c type. :odetect enable or disable t/c open detector. Off :odetect? Query st...

  • Page 364

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-17 [sense[1]] :frequency path to configure frequency. Sec 3 :aperture [, ] sets gate time for frequency measurements in seconds (0.01 to 1.0). 1.0 sec 4 :aperture? [] query frequency gate time. :digits [, ] specify measuremen...

  • Page 365

    15-18 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual [sense[1]] :continuity path to configure continuity test: sec 3 :threshold set threshold resistance in ohms (1 to 1000). 10 :threshold? Query threshold resistance. Notes: 1. Caverage:delay and ratio:delay are coupled. Chan...

  • Page 366

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-19 table 15-6 status command summary command description default parameter ref scpi status (note 1) sec 11 ✓ :measurement path to control measurement event registers: [:event]? Read the event register. (note 2) :enable progra...

  • Page 367

    15-20 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 15-7 system command summary command description default parameter ref scpi system :preset return to :syst:pres defaults. Sec 14 ✓ :posetup select power-on setup: (rst, preset, sav0, sav1, or sav2). Sec 1 :posetup? Qu...

  • Page 368

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-21 system :card path to query switching module in specified slot. 1, 2 for the following :card commands, = slot number for module. :snumber? Request serial number 3 . :swrevision? Request firmware revision 3 . :vmax? Request ...

  • Page 369

    15-22 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual system :end request highest numbered digital output channel; 0 = digital input not supported. :snopen? Query whether card is “single no-open” type (i.E., 7711): 1 = yes, 0 = no. :banks? For “single no-open” card, query num...

  • Page 370

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-23 system :reset reset reading number. Next reading will be #1. :error? Query (read) error queue. (note 4) sec 11 ✓ :clear clears messages from the error queue. Sec 11 :version? Query rev level of scpi standard. Sec 14 ✓ :loc...

  • Page 372

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-25 table 15-9 trigger command summary command description default parameter ref scpi initiate subsystem command path: sec 8 ✓ [:immediate] initiate one trigger cycle. ✓ :continuous enable or disable continuous initiation. (no...

  • Page 373

    15-26 scpi reference tables model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 15-10 unit command summary command description default parameter ref scpi unit :temperature select temperature units (c, cel, f, far, or k). C sec 3 ✓ :temperature? Query temperature units. ✓ :voltage path to configu...

  • Page 374

    B model 7700 connection guide 2750-900-01.Book page 1 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 375

    B-2 model 7700 connection guide model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual card configuration — schematic figure b-1 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the model 7700 module. As shown, the model 7700 has channels that are grouped into two banks of ten channels (twenty channels total). Ba...

  • Page 376

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 connection guide b-3 figure b-1 simplified schematic for model 7700 notes: cold junction ref x3 channel 1 hi lo channel 10 hi lo (channels 2–9) channel 11 hi lo channel 20 hi lo (channels 12–19) channel 21 hi lo channel 22 hi lo amps hi lo...

  • Page 377: Connections and Wiring

    B-4 model 7700 connection guide model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual connections and wiring warning the following information is intended for qualified service personnel. Do not make or break switching module connections unless qualified to do so. To prevent electric shock that could re...

  • Page 378: Screw Terminals

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 connection guide b-5 screw terminals figure b-2 shows how to access the screw terminals on the model 7700. Channel designa- tions for the screw terminals are contained in figure b-3 . Figure b-2 screw terminal access sense (ohms, 4-wire) i...

  • Page 379: Wiring Procedure

    B-6 model 7700 connection guide model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure b-3 model 7700 screw terminal channel designations wiring procedure use the following procedure to wire the model 7700 module. Make all connections using correct wire size (up to 20 awg). Also, make sure to add ...

  • Page 380: Typical Connections

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 connection guide b-7 figure b-4 wire dressing typical connections the following examples show typical wiring connections for the following types of measurements: • thermocouple connections, figure b-5 • Ω2-wire and thermistor connections, ...

  • Page 381

    B-8 model 7700 connection guide model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure b-5 thermocouple connections figure b-6 Ω2-wire and thermistor connections channel 1 hi lo channel 20 hi lo (channels 2–19) thermocouple channel 1 hi lo channel 20 hi lo (channels 2–19) resistor or thermistor 27...

  • Page 382

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 connection guide b-9 figure b-7 Ω4-wire and rtd connections figure b-8 current connections (ac or dc) channel 1 hi lo channel 10 hi lo (channels 2–9) channel 11 hi lo channel 20 hi lo (channels 12–19) resistor or 4-wire rtd resistor or 4-w...

  • Page 383: Connection Log

    B-10 model 7700 connection guide model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure b-9 voltage connections (dc or ac) connection log make a copy of table b-1 and affix it to the cover of the model 7700. Use this to record connection information and channel descriptions as needed. Channel 1 hi...

  • Page 384

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 connection guide b-11 table b-1 connection log model 7700 channel color description amps com h l input h l sense h l ch1 h l ch2 h l ch3 h l ch4 h l ch5 h l ch6 h l ch7 h l ch8 h l ch9 h l ch10 h l ch11 h l ch12 h l ch13 h l ch14 h l ch15 ...

  • Page 385

    B-12 model 7700 connection guide model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 12 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 386

    C status and error messages 2750-900-01.Book page 1 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 387

    C-2 status and error messages model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table c-1 status and error messages number description event -440 -430 -420 -410 -363 -350 -330 -314 -315 -285 -284 -282 -281 -260 -241 -230 -225 -224 -223 -222 -221 -220 -215 -214 -213 -212 -211 -210 -202 -201 -200 -178...

  • Page 388

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status and error messages c-3 -148 -144 -141 -140 -128 -124 -123 -121 -120 -114 -113 -112 -111 -110 -109 -108 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100 character data not allowed character data too long invalid character data character data error numeric data no...

  • Page 389

    C-4 status and error messages model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual +101 +121 +122 +123 +124 +125 +126 +161 +171 +174 +180 +301 +302 +303 +304 +305 +306 +307 +308 +309 +310 +311 +312 +313 +314 operation complete device calibrating device settling device ranging device sweeping device mea...

  • Page 390

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status and error messages c-5 +400 +401 +402 +403 +404 +405 +406 +407 +408 +409 +410 +411 +412 +413 +414 +415 +416 +417 +418 +419 +420 +421 +422 +423 +424 +425 +426 +427 +428 +429 +430 +438 +439 +450 +451 +452 +453 +454 +455 calibration messages: 10v...

  • Page 391

    C-6 status and error messages model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual +456 +457 +458 +459 +460 +461 +462 +463 +464 +465 +466 +467 +468 +469 +470 +471 +472 +473 +474 +475 +476 +477 +478 +479 +480 +481 +482 +483 +484 +485 +486 +487 +488 +489 +490 +491 +492 +493 +494 +495 1 vac zero error 1 v...

  • Page 392

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status and error messages c-7 note scpi-confirmed messages are described in volume 2: command reference of the standard commands for programmable instruments. Refer to the system:error? Command. +496 +497 +498 +500 +510 +511 +512 +513 +514 +515 +516 ...

  • Page 393

    C-8 status and error messages model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 8 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 394

    D signal processing sequence and data flow 2750-900-01.Book page 1 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 395: Signal Processing Sequence

    D-2 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence basic signal processing the signal is applied to the multimeter input via front panel input terminals or a switching module. When a channel is closed or scanned, the signal conne...

  • Page 396

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-3 signal processing using instrument features figure d-2 shows the processing sequence for an input signal with various instrument fea- tures enabled. If a feature is not enabled, the reading simply falls th...

  • Page 397

    D-4 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ocomp (offset-compensated ohms) the model 2750 performs a normal ohms measurement by sourcing a known current (i), measuring the voltage (v), and then calculating the resistance (r = v/i). Offset- compensa...

  • Page 398

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-5 math next in the signal processing sequence is a math operation (mx+b, percent, or recipro- cal). These math operations allow you to mathematically manipulate the reading (x) that is applied to this block ...

  • Page 399

    D-6 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing using ratio or ch avg with a switching module installed, the ratio or average of two channels can be calculated. Figure d-3 shows where ratio or ch avg is calculated in the signal process...

  • Page 400

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-7 data flow (remote operation) remote operation can be used with triggering configured to perform a specified number of measurements and then stop. The various read commands (sens:data?, fetch?, read?, meas?...

  • Page 401: Sense and Sample Buffer

    D-8 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual note for the following discussion, a “data array” is defined as the group of data ele- ments that are included with each measured reading. Each data array includes the reading as well as the channel, readi...

  • Page 402: [Sens[1]]:data[Latest]?

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-9 [sens[1]]:data[latest]? [sens[1]]:data:fresh? These commands are used to return (read) the last processed data array stored in the sam- ple buffer. [sens[1]]:data[:latest]? This command returns (reads) one...

  • Page 403

    D-10 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual note for more information on fetch?, read? And measure?, see section 13 , “ scpi signal oriented measurement commands .” fetch? With no math function enabled, this command reads the data arrays stored in ...

  • Page 404: Calc3:lim1:fail?

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-11 calc[1]:data[:latest]? Calc[1]:data:fresh? These two commands are similar to the latest? And fresh? Commands for the sense1 subsystem, except that returned data arrays are the result of the math calculati...

  • Page 405: Calc2:imm?

    D-12 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual calc2:imm? Calc2:imm calc2:data? Statistical information (minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, and peak-to-peak) is available for the readings stored in the buffer (data store). When the desired ca...

  • Page 406: Scanning

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-13 scanning for remote operation, scanning is normally performed with continuous initiation disabled (init:cont off). The sample count (samp:count) specifies the number of channels to scan and store in the b...

  • Page 407

    D-14 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 14 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 408

    E measurement considerations 2750-900-01.Book page 1 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 409: Measurement Considerations

    E-2 measurement considerations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual measurement considerations low-level voltage measurements made using the model 2750 can be adversely affected by various types of noise or other unwanted signals that can make it very difficult to obtain accurate voltag...

  • Page 410: Thermoelectric Generation

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual measurement considerations e-3 thermoelectric generation figure e-1 shows a representation of how thermal emfs are generated. The test leads are made of the a material, while the source under test is the b material. The temperatures between the junct...

  • Page 411: Minimizing Thermal Emfs

    E-4 measurement considerations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual minimizing thermal emfs to minimize thermal emfs, use only copper wires, lugs, and test leads for the entire test setup. Also, it is imperative that all connecting surfaces are kept clean and free of oxides. As noted in...

  • Page 412: Source Resistance Noise

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual measurement considerations e-5 source resistance noise noise present in the source resistance is often the limiting factor in the ultimate resolution and accuracy of model 2750 measurements. The following paragraphs discuss the genera- tion of johnso...

  • Page 413: Magnetic Fields

    E-6 measurement considerations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual magnetic fields when a conductor loop cuts through magnetic lines of force, a very small current is gener- ated. This phenomenon will frequently cause unwanted signals to occur in the test leads of a test system. If the...

  • Page 414: Ground Loops

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual measurement considerations e-7 ground loops when two or more instruments are connected together, care must be taken to avoid unwanted signals caused by ground loops. Ground loops usually occur when sensitive instrumentation is connected to other inst...

  • Page 415

    E-8 measurement considerations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure e-3 shows how to connect several instruments together to eliminate this type of ground loop problem. Here, only one instrument is connected to power line ground. Ground loops are not normally a problem with instr...

  • Page 416: Shielding

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual measurement considerations e-9 shielding warning do not float input lo more than 30v rms, 42.4v peak above earth ground with an exposed shield connected to input lo. To avoid a pos- sible shock hazard, surround the lo shield with a second safety shie...

  • Page 417: Meter Loading

    E-10 measurement considerations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual meter loading loading of the voltage source by the model 2750 becomes a consideration for high source resistance values. As the source resistance increases, the error caused by meter loading increases. Figure e-5 shows...

  • Page 418

    F temperature equations • thermocouple equation — documents the its-90 inverse function polynomial and the coefficients to calculate thermocouple temperature. • thermistor equation — documents the steinhart-hart equation which is used to calculate thermistor temperature. • rtd equation — documents t...

  • Page 419: Thermocouple Equation

    F-2 temperature equations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual thermocouple equation the model 2750 uses the its-90 inverse function coefficients for the polynomial to calcu- late thermocouple temperature. The model 2750 measures the thermocouple voltage, and then calculates temperature...

  • Page 420

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual temperature equations f-3 table f-2 type e inverse function polynomial -200°c to 0°c (-8,825µv to 0µv) 0°c to 1,000°c (0µv to 76,373µv) c 0 = 0.0 0.0 c 1 = 1.697 728 8 × 10 -2 1.705 703 5 × 10 -2 c 2 = -4.351 497 0 × 10 -7 -2.330 175 9 × 10 -7 c 3 = ...

  • Page 421

    F-4 temperature equations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table f-4 type k inverse function polynomial -200°c to 0°c (-5,891µv to 0µv) 0°c to 500°c (0µv to 20,644µv) 500°c to 1,372°c (20,644µv to 54,886µv) c 0 = 0.0 0.0 -1.318 058 × 10 2 c 1 = 2.517 346 2 × 10 -2 2.508 355 2 × 10 -...

  • Page 422

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual temperature equations f-5 table f-6 type r inverse function polynomial -50°c to 250°c (-226µv to 1,923µv) 250°c to 1,200°c (1,923µv to 13,228µv) 1,064°c to 1,664.5°c (11,361µv to 19,739µv) 1,664.5°c to 1,768.1°c (19,739µv to 21,103µv) c 0 = 0.0 1.334...

  • Page 423: Thermistor Equation

    F-6 temperature equations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual thermistor equation temperature (in kelvin) is calculated using the steinhart-hart equation as follows: where: t k is the calculated temperature in kelvin. Lnr is the natural log of the measured resistance of the thermistor....

  • Page 424

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual temperature equations f-7 selecting a thermistor — the thermistor’s manufacturer’s specified curve fitting values (a, b, and c) may not be exactly the same as the ones used by the model 2750. If they are not exactly the same, perform the following st...

  • Page 425: Rtd Equation

    F-8 temperature equations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rtd equation the temperature vs. Resistance readings listed in the rtd reference tables are calculated using the callendar-van dusen equation: r rtd = r 0 [1 + at + bt 2 + ct 3 (t-100)] where; r rtd is the calculated resista...

  • Page 426

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual temperature equations f-9 c = -1 (0.00385)(0.10863) (1e-8) = -1 (0.000418)(1e-8) = - 4.18e-12 the resistance of the rtd at 100°c (r 100 ) is then calculated as follows: r 100 = r 0 [1 + at + bt 2 + ct 3 (t-100)] = 100 {1 + [(0.00391)(100)] + [(-5.77e...

  • Page 427

    F-10 temperature equations model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 10 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 428

    G ieee-488 bus overview 2750-900-01.Book page 1 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 429: Introduction

    G-2 ieee-488 bus overview model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual introduction the ieee-488 bus is a communication system between two or more electronic devices. A device can be either an instrument or a computer. When a computer is used on the bus, it serves as a supervisor of the communi...

  • Page 430

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-3 figure g-1 ieee-488 bus configuration device 1 able to talk, listen, and control (computer) device 2 able to talk and listen 2750 device 3 only able to listen (printer) device 4 only able to talk dav nrfd ndac ifc atn srq re...

  • Page 431: Bus Lines

    G-4 ieee-488 bus overview model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual there are two categories of controllers: system controller and basic controller. Both are able to control other instruments, but only the system controller has the absolute authority in the system. In a system with more than...

  • Page 432: Bus Management Lines

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-5 bus management lines the five bus management lines help to ensure proper interface control and management. These lines are used to send the uniline commands. Atn (attention) — the atn state determines how information on the ...

  • Page 433: Bus Commands

    G-6 ieee-488 bus overview model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual once all ndac and nrfd are properly set, the source sets dav low, indicating to accept- ing devices that the byte on the data lines is now valid. Nrfd will then go low, and ndac will go high once all devices have accepted th...

  • Page 434

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-7 table g-1 ieee-488 bus command summary command type command state of atn line comments uniline multiline universal addressed unaddressed common scpi ren (remote enable) eoi ifc (interface clear) atn (attention) srq llo (loca...

  • Page 435: Uniline Commands

    G-8 ieee-488 bus overview model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual uniline commands atn, ifc, and ren are asserted only by the controller. Srq is asserted by an external device. Eoi may be asserted either by the controller or other devices depending on the direction of data transfer. The fo...

  • Page 436: Addressed Multiline Commands

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-9 addressed multiline commands addressed commands are multiline commands that must be preceded by the device listen address before that instrument will respond to the command in question. Note that only the addressed device wi...

  • Page 437: Common Commands

    G-10 ieee-488 bus overview model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual common commands common commands are commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These com- mands are designated and defined by the ieee-488.2 standard. Generally, these commands are sent as one or more ascii charact...

  • Page 438

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-11 figure g-3 command codes d 7 d 6 d 5 d 4 x 0 0 0 command x 0 0 1 command x 0 1 0 primary address x 0 1 1 primary address x 1 0 0 primary address x 1 0 1 primary address x 1 1 0 x 1 1 1 bits d 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1...

  • Page 439: Typical Command Sequences

    G-12 ieee-488 bus overview model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual typical command sequences for the various multiline commands, a specific bus sequence must take place to properly send the command. In particular, the correct listen address must be sent to the instrument before it will res...

  • Page 440: Ieee Command Groups

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-13 ieee command groups command groups supported by the model 2750 are listed in table g-5 . Common com- mands and scpi commands are not included in this list. Table g-5 ieee command groups handshake command group ndac = not da...

  • Page 441: Interface Function Codes

    G-14 ieee-488 bus overview model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual interface function codes the interface function codes, which are part of the ieee-488 standards, define an instru- ment’s ability to support various interface functions and should not be confused with pro- gramming commands...

  • Page 442

    Model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-15 pp (parallel poll function) — the instrument does not have parallel polling capabilities (pp0). Dc (device clear function) — dc1 defines the ability of the instrument to be cleared (initialized). Dt (device trigger function...

  • Page 443

    G-16 ieee-488 bus overview model 2750 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2750-900-01.Book page 16 wednesday, august 3, 2011 7:56 am.

  • Page 444: Index

    Index configure: [], [], [list>] 13-3 display:enable 1-18 display:text:data 1-18 display:text:state 1-18 symbols *idn? — identification query 12-3 *opc — operation complete 12-3 *opc? — operation complete query 12-4 *opt? — option query 12-5 *rcl — recall 12-5 *rst — reset 12-5 *rst disables filter ...

  • Page 445

    Card menu 1-19, 2-28 tree 2-30 case sensitivity 10-13 channel assignments 2-6, 7-3 channel average 5-16 channel closing and opening 2-25 channel list parameter () 3-7 channel setup 7-26 channel setup considerations 7-12 filter 7-12 rel 7-12 channel, monitor 7-18 close multi 2-10 single 2-10 close ke...

  • Page 446

    Dry circuit ohms (dryckt) 3-22 dry circuit ohms applications 3-22 dual independent multiplexers 2-23 dual multiplexer application 2-24 dut test system 8-8 e eliminating ground loops e-8 error messages 10-21 error queue 11-20 commands 11-21 event enable registers commands 11-19 event enable registers...

  • Page 447

    Introduction g-2 ieee-488 bus configuration g-3 ieee-488 bus overview g-1 ieee-488 connector 10-5 ieee-488.2 common commands and queries 12-2 ieee-754 data formats 14-4 ieee-754 single precision format 14-3 information remote programming 1-25 inputs front panel 1-11 inputs switch 1-11 inspection 1-3...

  • Page 448

    Typical connections b-7 voltage connections (dc or ac) b-10 wire dressing b-7 wiring procedure b-6 monitor channel 7-18 monitor scan 7-35 monitor scan (analog trigger) 7-23 monitor scan example 7-36 moving and repeating filter 4-16 multiple channel operation 2-15 anomalies 2-21 multiple command mess...

  • Page 449

    Ratio and channel average delay 5-20 ratio channel pairing 5-16 read error queue programming example 11-21 reading count 7-9 reading hold (autosettle) 8-6 readings recalling 6-6 storing 6-5 rear panel 1-12 reciprocal (1/x) 5-11 reciprocal (1/x) configuration 5-11 reference tables 15-2 calculate comm...

  • Page 450

    Fundamentals 7-2 scanning examples 7-32 external trigger scan 7-32 scpi reference tables 15-1 scpi signal oriented measurement commands 13-1 selecting gpib and setting primary address 10-4 setting delay 7-17 setting line voltage and replacing fuse 1-15 setting measurement speed 4-10 setting rel valu...

  • Page 451

    Type k inverse function polynomial f-4 type n inverse function polynomial f-4 type r inverse function polynomial f-5 type s inverse function polynomial f-5 type t inverse function polynomial f-6 typical command sequences g-12 u using common and scpi commands in the same message 10-16 v viewing close...

  • Page 452

    Specifications are subject to change without notice. All keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of keithley instruments, inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. A g r e a t e r m e a s u r e o f c o n f i d e n c e keithley instruments,...