Keithley SourceMeter 2400 Quick Start Manual - Safety Precautions

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04/09

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some

instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may

be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required

to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer

to the user documentation for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is

operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument.

They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or

replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures explicitly state if the

operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly trained service

personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and Measurement

Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and

data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient

over-voltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC

mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise

marked or described in the user documentation.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak,

or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are

prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact.

Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of

operating at or above 1000V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance-limited sources. NEVER

connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current

and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting

cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

Safety Precautions

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Summary of SourceMeter 2400

Page 1
M o c . Y e l h t i e k . W w w e c n e d i f n o c f o e r u s a e m r e t a e r g a series 2400 sourcemeter ® quick start guide 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 distribution in the uk & ireland lambda photometrics limited lambda house batford mill harpenden herts al5 5bz united kingdom e: info...
Page 3: Safety Precautions
04/09 the following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intend...
Page 4
When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator. For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or ...
Page 5: Table of Contents
Section topic page introduction ................................................................................................. 1-2 source-measure capabilities ...................................................................... 1-2 front and rear panels ............................................
Page 6: Introduction
Section 1 introduction quick start topics topic page introduction .................................................................................... 1-1 source-measure capabilities.......................................................... 1-2 front and rear panels.....................................
Page 7: Introduction
1-2 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide introduction this guide is designed to familiarize users with fundamental operation (front panel and remote) of the keithley 2400 series sourcemeters. For comprehensiv...
Page 8: Front and Rear Panels
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-3 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction model 2425: • source voltage from 5µv to 105v; measure voltage from 1µv to 105.5v. • source current from 500pa to 3.15a; measure current from 100pa to 3.165a. • measur...
Page 9
1-4 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide figure 1-2 rear panel navigating menus and entering numeric data menu navigation many operating modes for the sourcemeter are configured using front panel menus. Throu...
Page 10
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-5 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction • display edit — selects the source or compliance display field for editing. A blinking cursor will appear in the field to be edited. If no key is pressed within a few...
Page 11: Basic Connections
1-6 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide basic connections warning the sourcemeter uses safety jacks for signal connections. To avoid electric shock: • do not leave exposed connections. • properly insulate al...
Page 12
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-7 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction figure 1-3 2-wire connections figure 1-4 4-wire connections 4-wire connections connections for 4-wire local sensing are shown in figure 4. Use 4-wire remote sensing fo...
Page 13
1-8 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide note specified accuracies for both source and measure are achieved only using 4-wire remote sensing. Cable guard when testing high-impedance dut (>1g Ω), cable guard i...
Page 14
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-9 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction figure 1-5 cable guard connections ohms guard ohms guard allows in-circuit resistance measurements on dut where other parasitic leakage devices are present. Connection...
Page 15: Basic Sourcemeter Operations
1-10 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide note guard current (i g ) must never exceed 50ma. If it does, guard voltage will become less than the output voltage and corrupt the measurement. Figure 1-6 guarded o...
Page 16
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-11 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction sink operation when operating as a sink (v and i have opposite polarity), the sourcemeter is dissipating power rather than sourcing it. An external source can force o...
Page 17
1-12 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide caution when using the sourcemeter as a voltmeter only, voltage compliance must be set higher than the voltage that is being measured. Failure to do so could result i...
Page 18
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-13 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction use the following menu sequence to select the auto ohms or manual ohms measurement method: press config > press meas Ω > select source > select auto or manual ohms so...
Page 19
1-14 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide offset-compensated ohms thermal emfs can corrupt low-resistance measurements. An offset-compensated Ω measurement cancels out unwanted offset by performing the follow...
Page 20
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-15 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction note the five element data string is the gpib default condition. Scpi commands scpi commands to source-measure and measure only are provided in table 6, and the comma...
Page 21
1-16 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide measure-only example — table 9 shows a typical command sequence to measure current only. Auto ohms example — table 10 shows a typical command sequence to use auto ohm...
Page 22
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-17 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction settings to optimize performance range to achieve best accuracy, the sourcemeter should be on the lowest possible measurement range. In most situations, auto range ca...
Page 23
1-18 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide speed measurement speed is set by setting the integration time of the a/d converter (period of time the input signal is measured). Integration time affects the usable...
Page 24
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-19 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction moving filter the first reading conversion is placed in the stack, and is copied to the other stack locations to fill it. Therefore, the first filtered reading is the...
Page 25
1-20 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide note rel can also be used to establish a baseline reading. The baseline reading will be subtracted from present and future readings. See “relative” in section 8 of th...
Page 26
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-21 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction recalling readings to recall readings, press the recall key. The buffer location number is the memory location of the recalled reading. Location #0000 indicates that ...
Page 27
1-22 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide programming example table 14 shows a typical command sequence to store and recall readings from the buffer. Sweep operation sweep types the four available sweep types...
Page 28
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-23 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction figure 1-7 linear staircase sweep logarithmic staircase sweep this sweep is similar to the linear staircase sweep. The steps, however, are done on a logarithmic scale...
Page 29
1-24 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide figure 1-8 logarithmic staircase sweep (example) custom sweep for a custom sweep, the user specifies the number of point in a sweep, and the source level at each poin...
Page 30
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-25 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction figure 1-9 custom pulse sweep (example) source memory sweep for a source memory sweep, up to 100 setup configurations can be saved in memory. When the sweep is run, t...
Page 31
1-26 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide source ranging there are three options to control source ranging for a sweep; fixed, best fixed, and auto range. With the fixed option selected, the sourcemeter stays...
Page 32
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-27 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction the readings will be stored in the buffer if a finite count sweep was run. Performing a log staircase sweep perform the following steps to run a log staircase sweep: ...
Page 33
1-28 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide note table 15 does not provide a complete listing of sweep commands. Documentation for all sweep commands can be found in section 10 of the 2400 series source-meter u...
Page 34
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-29 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction programming examples programming examples for a linear, logarithmic, custom, and source memory sweep are provided in table 16. Table 1-16 command sequences for sweep ...
Page 35
1-30 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide limit testing there is one hardware test (limit 1; compliance) and 10 software tests (limits 2, 3, 5-12; high/low limits) available for limit testing. (limit 4 is res...
Page 36
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-31 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction note limit testing using a component handler to perform binning operations is summarized in the “more testing techniques” section of this guide. For complete details ...
Page 37
1-32 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide remote command programming scpi commands scpi commands for basic non-binning limit testing are listed in table 17. Note table 17 does not provide a complete listing o...
Page 38
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-33 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction math functions the sourcemeter has five built-in math functions; power, offset compensated ohms, varistor alpha, voltage coefficient and percent deviation. After a ma...
Page 39
1-34 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide note offset-compensated Ω is also available from the config ohms menu. Using offset-compensated Ω from this menu automatically selects zero as one of the source value...
Page 40
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-35 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction percent deviation this calculation provides the percent deviation between the normal display reading and the user specified reference value: % deviation = where:x is ...
Page 41
1-36 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide pulse mode (model 2430 only) while in the pulse mode, the model 2430 can output one or more pulses. It can output current pulses up to 10.5a at 105v, or voltage pulse...
Page 42
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-37 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction figure 1-10 pulse-measure timing pulse width — the setting range for pulse width is from 150µsec to 5msec. Note however, that the minimum pulse width that can be achi...
Page 43
1-38 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide 10a range limitations pulse width the maximum pulse width for the 10a range (source or measure) is 2.5msec. If the setting is >2.5msec, the sourcemeter will limit the...
Page 44
2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 return to section topics 1-39 series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide section 1: introduction infinite - use to set arm count to infinity. Trigger count - use the following menu sequence to set the trigger count: press config > press trig > select trig layer >...
Page 45
1-40 return to section topics 2400s-903-01 rev. E / september 2011 section 1: introduction series 2400 sourcemeter® quick start guide auto range — auto range is invalid while in the pulse mode. Source delay — in the dc mode, source delay is the delay between the source and measure actions. When the ...
Page 46
12/06 specifications are subject to change without notice. All keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of keithley instruments, inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. A g r e a t e r m e a s u r e o f c o n f i d e n c e keithley instru...