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  4. 321-01
  5. User Manual

Lake Shore 321-01 User Manual

Manual is about: Temperature Controller

Summary of 321-01

  • Page 1

    Rev. 1.5 p/n 119-004 25 march 2004 includes coverage for: model 321-01 – silicon diode model 321-02 – platinum resistor model 321-04 – thermocouple lake shore cryotronics, inc. 575 mccorkle blvd. Westerville, ohio 43082-8888 usa internet addresses: sales@lakeshore.Com service@lakeshore.Com visit our...

  • Page 2

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual a limited warranty statement warranty period: one (1) year 1. Lake shore warrants that this lake shore product (the “product”) will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for the warranty period specified above (the “war...

  • Page 3: Table of Contents

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual table of contents i table of contents chapter/paragraph title page 1 introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.0 general ...

  • Page 4

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual ii table of contents table of contents (continued) chapter/paragraph title page 3.2.4 display filter.....................................................................................................................3-5 3.2.5 curv...

  • Page 5

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual table of contents iii table of contents (continued) chapter/paragraph title page 4.2 serial interface commands ................................................................................................ 4-9 4.2.1 display comma...

  • Page 6

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual iv table of contents table of contents (continued) chapter/paragraph title page 6.10.1.5 thermocouple offset adjustment ...............................................................................6-15 6.10.1.6 internal thermocou...

  • Page 7: List of Illustrations

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual table of contents v list of illustrations figure no. Title page 1-1 model 321 temperature controller front panel ........................................................................... 1-2 1-2 model 321 block diagram..............

  • Page 8

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual vi table of contents this page intentionally left blank.

  • Page 9: Chapter 1

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual introduction 1-1 chapter 1 introduction 1.0 general this chapter provides an introduction to the model 321 autotuning temperature controller. The model 321 was designed and manufactured in the united states of america by lake shore...

  • Page 10

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 1-2 introduction 1.1 description the model 321 is a microcontroller-based autotuning temperature controller which provides a simple, low-cost answer to basic control needs. There are three models: the 321-01 for silicon diode tempe...

  • Page 11

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual introduction 1-3 table 1-1. Electronic information for various sensors and temperature ranges ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ model no. 32...

  • Page 12

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 1-4 introduction table 1-2. Model 321 specifications __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________...

  • Page 13

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual introduction 1-5 1.2 control fundamentals and autotune the model 321 has several features which aid in temperature control of a cryogenic system. These include standard built-in curves along with the ability to store a single 97 po...

  • Page 14

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 1-6 introduction 1.3 precision calibration options the lake shore precision calibration option allow the user to convert calibrated sensor data into breakpoint pairs readable by the controller program. The precision calibration opt...

  • Page 15

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual introduction 1-7 1.4 safety summary the following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warning...

  • Page 16

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 1-8 introduction 1.6 electrostatic discharge electrostatic discharge (esd) may damage electronic parts, assemblies, and equipment. Esd is a transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies at different electrostatic potentials cause...

  • Page 17: Chapter 2

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual installation 2-1 chapter 2 installation 2.0 general this chapter provides general installation instructions for the model 321 autotuning temperature controller. Inspection and unpacking instructions are provided in paragraph 2.1. R...

  • Page 18

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 2-2 installation p-321-2-1.Bmp figure 2-1. Typical model 321 rear panel 2.3 definition of rear panel connections this paragraph provides a description of the model 321 rear panel connections. The rear panel consists of the power an...

  • Page 19

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual installation 2-3 2.4 environmental requirements the model 321 is intended for laboratory use. In order to meet and maintain specifications, the model 321 should be operated at an ambient temperature range of 20 to 30 °c (68 to 86 °...

  • Page 20

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 2-4 installation 2.7 sensor installation abbreviated sensor installation recommendations for the model 321 are included in this paragraph. Please refer to the lake shore product catalog or sensor guide for installation details and ...

  • Page 21

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual installation 2-5 some loss in accuracy can be expected since the voltage measured at the voltmeter becomes the sum of the sensor voltage and the voltage drop across the connecting leads. The exact measurement error will depend on s...

  • Page 22

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 2-6 installation on the dt-470-sd, the base is the largest flat surface. It is sapphire with gold metallization over a nickel buffer layer. The base is electrically isolated from the sensing element and leads, and all thermal conta...

  • Page 23

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual installation 2-7 2.7.2 thermocouple (model 321-04) connections the thermocouple input has a thermal block for connecting thermocouple wires. The positive and negative terminals correspond to v+ and v– and should match the polarity ...

  • Page 24

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 2-8 installation 2.7.3 sensor input error messages if an input signal from the sensor exceeding full scale is applied to the input leads, an overload condition is present and is indicated by “ol” on the display, as shown below. If ...

  • Page 25

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual installation 2-9 table 2-2. Sensor curves curve no. Number of lines range (k) abbreviation description 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 31 31 31 31 88 31 31 31 31 31 31 1 – 325 1 – 325 1 – 325 14 – 800 2 - 475 1.4 – 325 * 4 –...

  • Page 26

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 2-10 installation 2.9 precision calibration option the precision calibration option is the easiest way to combine the additional performance of a lake shore calibrated sensor with the model 321 temperature transmitter. The precisio...

  • Page 27

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual installation 2-11 within a cryostat, 30 gauge stranded copper lead wire (nd-30) is recommended for connection to the heater. The heater leads should not run coincident with the sensor leads due to the possibility of capacitive pick...

  • Page 28

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 2-12 installation a model 321-04 will display the following message. 4. The model 321 then goes into normal operation showing the temperature and heater range (high, low, or off) setting on the first line and the setpoint and heate...

  • Page 29: Chapter 3

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-1 chapter 3 operation 3.0 general this chapter describes model 321 temperature controller operation. A definition of front panel controls is provided in paragraph 3.1. Thermometry related functions are described in para...

  • Page 30

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-2 operation ramp rate allows the user to set the rate at which the temperature setpoint increases or decreases when the user changes the setpoint value. Refer to paragraph 3.3.3. Curve used to select the sensor response curve. Re...

  • Page 31

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-3 3.2 thermometry functions the following front panel keyboard function are related to the thermometry or temperature control aspects of the model 321. Function paragraph input type ........................ 3.2.1 units....

  • Page 32

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-4 operation 3.2.2.1 units for silicon diode input (model 321-01) to select the display units for a silicon diode input (model 321-01), press the units button. Use the s , t , or units button to cycle the selector arrow ( → ) betw...

  • Page 33

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-5 3.2.3 thermocouple temperature compensation (model 321-04 only) for thermocouple sensors only (model 321-04), the temperature compensation display is shown after the input type display has timed out ( ≈ 3 seconds). Th...

  • Page 34

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-6 operation the default display is shown below. To change the curve, press the curve button, then press either the s , t , or curve button to increment or decrement through the available curve selections. The curve numbers availa...

  • Page 35

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-7 softcal can be implemented in one of two ways: as a method or a service. 1. The customer may perform the softcal procedure. This would involve using the model 321 and the silicon diode sensor to sense either two or th...

  • Page 36

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-8 operation press enter . Use the numeric keypad to enter your actual reading (we will use 4.20 k). Be sure to enter the reading as accurately as possible. You will see the following display. Once your observed temperature is ent...

  • Page 37

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-9 3.2.6.3 entering voltage values from a lake shore softcal report if a lake shore softcal report was purchased, the voltage values for the 2 or 3 point calibration can be entered and the resulting modified standard cur...

  • Page 38

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-10 operation once the proper voltage value is entered, press the enter button. The display will read “processing...” for a couple of seconds, and then will return to the temperature selection display. Use the s , t , or softcal b...

  • Page 39

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-11 band band 2 k* - 2 k* - 100 k 100 k 100 k - 100 k - 305 k 305 k 305 k - 305 k - 375 k 375 k 11 ±0.25 k ±0.5 k ±1.0 k 11a ±0.25 k ±1% of temp. 12 ±0.5 k ±1.0 k ±2.0 k 12a ±0.5 k ±1% of temp. 13 ±1 k ±1% of temp. Lake ...

  • Page 40

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-12 operation 3.3 control functions the following front panel keyboard function are related to the control aspects of the model 321. Function paragraph heater........................ 3.3.1 setpoint ..................... 3.3.2 ramp...

  • Page 41

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-13 3.3.2 setpoint to change the setpoint, press the setpoint button. You will see the following display. Use the numeric keypad to enter a new setpoint, press enter to accept the new setpoint or escape to return the nor...

  • Page 42

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-14 operation press enter to accept the new ramp rate. You will now return to the normal display. Now press the setpoint button and use the numeric keypad to enter 100 k. You should see the following display. The normal display re...

  • Page 43

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-15 3.3.4.1 initial values of pid parameters in autotune mode the initial values of the pid parameters in the autotune mode are set when the controller is changed from manual to either p, pi or pid control. The initial p...

  • Page 44

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-16 operation to experimentally determine the proper gain setting, use the following procedure. Set autotune to manual, then turn off both reset (i) and rate (d). Set in a nominal gain setting of 50. Make sure that the heater turn...

  • Page 45

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-17 this display shows the current derivative setting (the default setting is 100). Use the numeric keypad to enter a new setting. Press enter to accept the new proportional setting or escape to return the normal display...

  • Page 46

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-18 operation press the enter button. The enter setpoint display will then appear. Use the numeric keypad to enter this setpoint. You should see the following display. Press the enter button. The heater range display will then app...

  • Page 47

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-19 zone 01 0 k zone 02 zone 03 zone 04 zone 05 zone 06 zone 07 zone 08 zone 09 zone 10 setpoint: setpoint: setpoint: setpoint: setpoint: setpoint: setpoint: setpoint: setpoint: setpoint: heater range off low high 0 k he...

  • Page 48

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-20 operation 3.4 interface and miscellaneous functions the following front panel keyboard function are related to the thermometry or temperature control aspects of the model 321. Function paragraph baud .............................

  • Page 49

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-21 press the enter button. This completes the definition of the analog output. The 0 to 10 volt output will now correspond to 2 k to 300 k. 3.4.3 factory default settings the controller can be reset to factory default s...

  • Page 50

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-22 operation 3.4.4 power up (pup) configuration a provision has been made to store a power up (pup) configuration for the model 321. This ensures that it will power up to a user-defined state after power down. Parameters includin...

  • Page 51

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual operation 3-23 3.5.5 internal offset adjustment when a new or different thermocouple is attached to the controller, you must adjust the offset to compensate for discrepancies in thermocouple material, leads, and connections. Offset...

  • Page 52

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 3-24 operation this page intentionally left blank.

  • Page 53: Chapter 4

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual remote operation 4-1 chapter 4 remote operation 4.0 general the model 321 is equipped with an rs-232c serial computer interface. The interface allows computer automation of instrument setup and field measurement data collection. Ne...

  • Page 54

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 4-2 remote operation physical connection (continued) equipment with data communications equipment (dce) wiring can be connected to the instrument with a straight through cable. However, if the interface is for data terminal equipme...

  • Page 55

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual remote operation 4-3 message strings (continued) a command string is issued by the computer and instructs the instrument to perform a function or change a parameter setting. The format is data>. Command mnemonics are listed in para...

  • Page 56

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 4-4 remote operation 4.1.7 serial interface basic programs two basic programs are included to illustrate the serial communication functions of the instrument. The first program was written in visual basic. Refer to paragraph 4.1.7....

  • Page 57

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual remote operation 4-5 table 4-2. Serial interface program control properties current name property new value label1 name caption lblexitprogram type “exit” to end program. Label2 name caption lblcommand command label3 name caption l...

  • Page 58

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 4-6 remote operation table 4-3. Visual basic serial interface program public gsend as boolean 'global used for send button state private sub cmdsend_click() 'routine to handle send button press gsend = true 'set flag to true end su...

  • Page 59

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual remote operation 4-7 4.1.7.2 quick basic serial interface program setup the serial interface program (table 4-4) works with quickbasic 4.0/4.5 or qbasic on an ibm pc (or compatible) running dos or in a dos window with a serial inte...

  • Page 60

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 4-8 remote operation 4.1.7.3 program operation once either program is running, try the following commands and observe the response of the instrument. Input from the user is shown in bold and terminators are added by the program. Th...

  • Page 61

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual remote operation 4-9 4.2 serial interface commands this paragraph provides a summary of the serial interface commands. The summary is divided into four command groups: display, control process, curve commands, and analog output com...

  • Page 62: Idn?

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 4-10 remote operation 4.2.1 display commands this paragraph provides a detailed description of each display command. The display commands allow the interface to act as a virtual display. Display data, as well as format, can be tran...

  • Page 63: Cuni?

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual remote operation 4-11 display commands (continued) cuni? Control units query. Input: cuni? Returned: k , c , v , r , or m remarks: returns current control units setting. The character returned will be k for kelvin, c for celsius, v...

  • Page 64: Tune

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 4-12 remote operation 4.2.2 control process commands this paragraph provides a detailed description of each control process command. These commands allow the interface to change any of the control parameters of the model 321. Manua...

  • Page 65: Gain

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual remote operation 4-13 control process commands (continued) gain set gain while in manual control mode. Input: gain xxx returned: nothing remarks: the gain parameter can be filled in with an integer of 0 through 999. Example: gain 6...

  • Page 66: Rang

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 4-14 remote operation control process commands (continued) rang set heater status. Input: rang 0 , rang 2 or rang 3 returned: nothing remarks: sets heater status where 0 = off, 2 = low, and 3 = high. Rang? Heater status query. Inpu...

  • Page 67: Ramp

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual remote operation 4-15 control process commands (continued) ramp enable/disable ramp function. Input: ramp 0 or ramp 1 returned: nothing remarks: ramp 0 disables the ramping function while ramp 1 enables ramping. Ramp? Ramping enabl...

  • Page 68: Acur

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 4-16 remote operation 4.2.3 curve commands this paragraph provides a detailed description of each curve command. The commands allow the user to verify existing curves added at the factory or enter and delete the user defined curve ...

  • Page 69: Cuid?

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual remote operation 4-17 curve commands (continued) cuid? Curve identification query. Input: cuid? Returned: ww,xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,y,zz,... Remarks: returns the header lines that identify the curves (standard sensor and user curve) lo...

  • Page 70: Curv?

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 4-18 remote operation curve commands (continued) curv11 (continued) to view a typical output after using this command, refer to the example under the curv? Command. When entering, omit the temperature coefficient, number of points,...

  • Page 71: Ecur11

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual remote operation 4-19 curve commands (continued) example: 00, standard drc-d ,n,31, 0.00000,499.9,0.19083,365.0, 0.24739,345.0,0.36397,305.0, 0.42019,285.0,0.47403,265.0, 0.53960,240.0,0.59455,220.0, 0.73582,170.0,0.54606,130.0, 0....

  • Page 72: Anod

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 4-20 remote operation 4.2.4 analog output commands this paragraph provides a detailed description of each analog output command. The commands allow the user to control the output of the analog output over the interface. Anod set an...

  • Page 73

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual remote operation 4-21 4.3 user curve 11 loading program to simplify the loading of user curve 11, the following curve loading program is provided. The program is written in quickbasic v4.0. The user should create an ascii file with...

  • Page 74

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 4-22 remote operation print editout$; print #2, editout$; for z = 1 to 5500: next z goto editloop1 editend: 'end of edit loop '******************************************************************** '*** this section reads back the cu...

  • Page 75: Chapter 5

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual accessories & probes 5-1 chapter 5 options and accessories 5.0 general this chapter provides lists of model 321 autotuning temperature controller options and accessories. Model number are listed in paragraph 5.1. Options are detail...

  • Page 76

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 5-2 accessories & probes accessories (continued) model number description of model 321 accessory 2001 rj-11 cable assembly . Four-wire cable assembly with rj-11 plugs on each end. Used with rs-232c interface. Cable is 14 feet (4.6 ...

  • Page 77

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual accessories & probes 5-3 cable length: 4.3 meters (14 feet) c-321-5-1.Eps figure 5-1. Model 2001 rj-11 cable assembly 43 mm (1.69 inches) 15.8 mm (0.63 inches) 25 1 55 mm (2.16 inches) c-321-5-2.Eps figure 5-2. Model 2002 rj-11 to ...

  • Page 78

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 5-4 accessories & probes 1 rack mount ear 107-440 1 2 rack mount support 107-442 1 3 rack mount panel 107-051-01 1 4 rack mount handle 107-433 2 5 screw, 6-32 x 1/2 inch 0-035 4 fhms phillips 6 screw, 8-32 x 3/8 inch 0-081 6 fhms p...

  • Page 79

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual accessories & probes 5-5 model 321 refer to “installation procedure” temperature controller 1. Use 5/64 inch (2 mm) hex key to remove two 6-32 x 1/4 black button head screws from side of instrument. 2. Place instrument on shelf. 3....

  • Page 80

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 5-6 accessories & probes this page intentionally left blank.

  • Page 81: Chapter 6

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual service 6-1 chapter 6 service and calibration 6.0 general this chapter describes the service and calibration for the model 321 temperature controller. Paragraph 6.1 provides general maintenance information. Changing power settings ...

  • Page 82

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 6-2 service 120 fuse drawer screwdriver slot power on/off switch ­10%, +5% 50-60 hz fuse data 100 / 120 0.5 a 3ag sb 220 / 240 0.25 a 5x20 mm t ~line off off on c-321-6-1.Eps figure 6-1. Power fuse access 6.3 rear panel connector d...

  • Page 83

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual service 6-3 analog output c-321-6-3.Eps pin description 1 2 analog output – center conductor ground – connector shell figure 6-3. Analog output connector details sensor c-321-6-4.Eps pin description 1 2 3 4 5 6 – current – voltage ...

  • Page 84

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 6-4 service 6.4 optional serial interface cable and adapters to aid in serial interface troubleshooting, wiring information for the optional cable assembly and the two mating adapters are provided in figures 6-6 through 6-8. Black ...

  • Page 85

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual service 6-5 6.5 operating software eprom replacement the operating software for the model 321 is contained on two erasable programmable read only memory (eprom) integrated circuits (ics). The eprom are numbered u22 (master) and u19...

  • Page 86

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 6-6 service 6.6 error messages on power up, the model 321 does a check of the internal memory. There are two potential error messages. The first is usually recoverable, the second is not. The first error display is shown below. Thi...

  • Page 87

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual service 6-7 6.7 changing sensor input type sensor input type (and hence the model number) are established at the factory before shipping. Sensor input type is set by setting two dip switches on the main pcb inside the unit. If you ...

  • Page 88

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 6-8 service 6. Attach 100 k Ω precision resistor as shown below: 5 (+i) 4 (+v) 2 (­v) 1 (­i) r test 100 k 9 9 6.8.1.3 input calibration use the following procedure to perform the input calibration. 1. Place a short across the 100 k...

  • Page 89

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual service 6-9 p-321-5-10.Bmp figure 6-10. Typical model 321 pcb layout.

  • Page 90

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 6-10 service 6.8.2 optional model 321-01 calibration (without precision resistor) the optional model 321-01 (silicon diode) calibration without precision resistor is presented in four parts. First is list of test equipment in parag...

  • Page 91

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual service 6-11 6.8.2.4 analog output calibration use the following procedure to perform the analog output calibration. 1. Attach test leads to tp3 (gnd1) and tp4 (analog out). 2. Press and hold the analog out key until the model 321 ...

  • Page 92

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 6-12 service 6. Attach 100 Ω precision resistor as shown below: 3 (+i) 4 (+v) 2 (­v) 1 (­i) r test 100 9 9 6.9.1.3 input calibration use the following procedure to perform the input calibration. 1. Place a short across the 100 Ω re...

  • Page 93

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual service 6-13 6.9.2 optional model 321-02 calibration (without precision resistor) the optional model 321-02 (platinum diode) calibration without precision resistor is presented in four parts. First is list of test equipment in para...

  • Page 94

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 6-14 service 6.9.2.4 analog output calibration use the following procedure to perform the analog output calibration. 1. Attach test leads to tp3 (gnd1) and tp4 (analog out). 2. Press and hold the analog out key until the model 321 ...

  • Page 95

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual service 6-15 6. Configure the millivolt voltage standard as shown below: 4 (+v) 2 (­v) ++ voltage standard 6.10.1.3 input calibration use the following procedure to perform the input calibration. 1. Power on ( l ) instrument. 2. Al...

  • Page 96

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 6-16 service 6.10.1.6 internal thermocouple compensation calibration when a new or different thermocouple is attached to the instrument, and internal thermocouple compensation is being used, it may be necessary to adjust the offset...

  • Page 97

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual service 6-17 6.10.2.3 input calibration use the following procedure to perform the input calibration. 1. Power on ( l ) instrument. 2. Allow instrument to warm up for at least one hour. 3. Short across the input with as short a lea...

  • Page 98

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual 6-18 service 6.10.2.5 thermocouple offset adjustment when a new or different thermocouple is attached to the instrument, and external thermocouple compensation is being used, it may be necessary to adjust the offset to compensate f...

  • Page 99: Appendix A

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual glossary of terminology a-1 appendix a glossary of terminology absolute zero . The temperature of –273.15 °c, or –459.67 °f, or 0 k, thought to be the temperature at which molecular motion vanishes and a body would have no heat ene...

  • Page 100

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual a-2 glossary of terminology asphyxiant gas . A gas which has little or no positive toxic effect but which can bring about unconsciousness and death by displacing air and thus depriving an organism of oxygen. Autotuning . In lake sh...

  • Page 101

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual glossary of terminology a-3 degree . An incremental value in the temperature scale, i.E., there are 100 degrees between the ice point and the boiling point of water in the celsius scale and 180 degrees between the same two points i...

  • Page 102

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual a-4 glossary of terminology greek alphabet . The greek alphabet is defined as follows: alpha α Α iota ι Ι rho ρ Ρ beta β Β kappa κ Κ sigma σ Σ gamma γ Γ lambda λ Λ tau τ Τ delta δ ∆ mu µ Μ upsilon υ Υ epsilon ε Ε nu ν Ν phi φ Φ zet...

  • Page 103

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual glossary of terminology a-5 line regulation . The maximum steady-state amount that the output voltage or current will change as the result of a specified change in input line voltage (usually for a step change between 105 – 125 or ...

  • Page 104

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual a-6 glossary of terminology normalized sensitivity . For resistors, signal sensitivity (dr/dt) is geometry dependent; i.E., dr/dt scales directly with r; consequently, very often this sensitivity is normalized by dividing by the me...

  • Page 105

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual glossary of terminology a-7 remanence . The remaining magnetic induction in a magnetic material when the material is first saturated and then the applied field is reduced to zero. The remanence would be the upper limit to values fo...

  • Page 106

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual a-8 glossary of terminology susceptance . In electrical terms, susceptance is defined as the reciprocal of reactance and the imaginary part of the complex representation of admittance: [suscept(ibility) + (conduct)ance]. Susceptibi...

  • Page 107: Appendix B

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual handling lhe & ln 2 b-1 appendix b handling of liquid helium and nitrogen b1.0 general liquid helium (lhe) and liquid nitrogen (ln 2 ) may be used in conjunction with the model 321. Although not explosive, the following are safety ...

  • Page 108

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual b-2 handling lhe & ln 2 b4.0 liquid helium and nitrogen safety precautions transferring lhe and ln 2 and operation of the storage dewar controls should be in accordance with the manufacturer/supplier’s instructions. During this tra...

  • Page 109: Appendix C

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual curve tables c-1 appendix c curve tables c1.0 general the following are curve tables applicable to the model 321 autotuning temperature controller. Table c-1. Standard diode and platinum curves _____________________________________...

  • Page 110

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual c-2 curve tables table c-2. Thermocouple curves – chromel versus gold/iron _________________________________________________________________________ breakpoint chromel–aufe(0.03%) chromel–aufe(0.07%) _______________________________...

  • Page 111

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual curve tables c-3 table c-3. Thermocouple curves – chromel versus copper _________________________________________________________________________________________ breakpoint chromel vs. Constantan chromel vs. Alumel copper vs. Const...

  • Page 112

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual c-4 curve tables this page intentionally left blank.

  • Page 113: Appendix D

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual application notes d-1 appendix d application notes d1.0 general this appendix includes these lake shore applications notes: 1. Fundamentals for usage of cryogenic temperature controllers – application note ................ Page d-1...

  • Page 114

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual d-2 application notes iii proportional control the block diagram in figure 1 shows a systems in which only proportional control is being used. In this system, the desired control temperature setting (set point) is being compared to...

  • Page 115

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual application notes d-3 to illustrate the effect of the sensor, in more detail, consider the idealized curve (figure 4) for a lake shore silicon diode which has a nominal sensitivity of -50 mv/k below 30 kelvin and -2.5 mv/k above 30...

  • Page 116

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual d-4 application notes since the thermal conductivity of cryogenic materials is finite, good practice dictates that the controller power output be the same order of magnitude as the cooling power. If, for example, the cooling power ...

  • Page 117

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual application notes d-5 the real world revisited since a real cryogenic system has non-zero thermal resistance, the value of the reset is important in setup of the controller. The amount of reset desired is dependent on: (1) the time...

  • Page 118

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual d-6 application notes vi sensor considerations sensor gain revisited: since a controller will amplify input noise as well as sensor signal, it becomes important to consider sensor performance when designing a complete system. The l...

  • Page 119

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual application notes d-7 for further reading 1. E. M. Forgan, "on the use of temperature controllers in cryogenics". Cryogenics 14 (1974), pp. 207-214. This is a cogent discussion of the interaction between the electrical and thermal ...

  • Page 120

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual d-8 application notes standard curve 10 standard curve 10: measurement current = 10 µa ±0.05% t (k) voltage dv/dt (mv/k) t (k) voltage dv/dt (mv/k) t (k) voltage dv/dt (mv/k) 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3...

  • Page 121

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual application notes d-9 polynomial representation curve 10 can be expressed by a polynomial equation based on the chebychev polynomials. Four separate ranges are required to accurately describe the curve. Table 1 lists the parameters...

  • Page 122

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual d-10 application notes dt-470 series temperature sensors installation and operation there are three aspects of using a temperature sensor which are critical to its optimum performance. The first involves the proper electrical and t...

  • Page 123

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual application notes d-11 dt-470-sd the sd version is the basic package for the dt-470 sensor line from which all other configurations are made using the appropriate adapter. The base of the device has a gold metallized surface and is...

  • Page 124

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual d-12 application notes dt-470-et / dt-470-mt dt-470-et dt-470-mt both adapters are gold-plated copper hex head bolts with the sd package mounted in a slot on the adapter head. The et adapter screws into a ¼ inch deep, 6-32 threaded...

  • Page 125

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual application notes d-13 figure 1. Four-wire configuration for dt-470 installation sensor operation temperature controllers and thermometer instrumentation manufactured by lake shore cryotronics are designed to be directly compatible...

  • Page 126

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual d-14 application notes measurement system induced errors in diode thermometry by john k. Krause and brad c. Dodrill diode temperature sensors are capable of being used at the accuracy level of a few hundredths of a kelvin. However,...

  • Page 127

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual application notes d-15 there are two simple techniques which can be used to test whether these errors might be present in a measuring system. The first is to connect a capacitor (about 10 µf) in parallel with the diode to act as a ...

  • Page 128

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual d-16 application notes the measured offset voltages shown in figs. 4 and 6 can be understood by using the well-known result from p-n junction theory: i = i s [exp(ev / nkt) - 1] (1) where i = the forward current through the junctio...

  • Page 129

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual application notes d-17 the utilization of the small signal model has the advantage of being analytically simple. However, the model does not contain the nonlinearity inherent in the forward biased iv characteristics of a p-n juncti...

  • Page 130

    Lake shore model 321 autotuning temperature controller user’s manual d-18 application notes iv. Concluding remarks noise in any measurement circuit is undesirable and should be eliminated to as great an extent as possible. The first step is to electrically shield all instrumentation and wiring and u...