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  4. RipEX 1.5
  5. User Manual

RACOM RipEX 1.5 User Manual

Manual is about: Radio modem & Router

Summary of RipEX 1.5

  • Page 1

    User manual . Ripex radio modem & router . Version 1.5 5/9/2013 fw 1.3.X.X www.Racom.Eu racom s.R.O. • mirova 1283 • 592 31 nove mesto na morave • czech republic tel.: +420 565 659 511 • fax: +420 565 659 512 • e-mail: racom@racom.Eu.

  • Page 3

    Table of contents important notice .................................................................................................................................. 7 getting started .......................................................................................................................

  • Page 4

    8. Cli configuration ........................................................................................................................ 142 9. Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................... 143 10. Saf...

  • Page 5

    4.22. L-bracket .................................................................................................................................. 60 4.23. Ripex with l-bracket ................................................................................................................ 61 4.24. F...

  • Page 6

    4.3. Com1,2 pin description .............................................................................................................. 45 4.4. Usb pin description .................................................................................................................... 46 4.5. Key to l...

  • Page 7: Important Notice

    Important notice copyright © 2013 racom. All rights reserved. Products offered may contain software proprietary to racom s. R. O. (further referred to under the ab- breviated name racom). The offer of supply of these products and services does not include or infer any transfer of ownership. No part ...

  • Page 8: Getting Started

    Getting started ripex is a widely configurable compact radio modem, more precisely a radio ip router. All you have to do to put it into operation is to connect it to an antenna and a power supply and configure it using a pc and a web browser. Antenna indicator leds' sleep input hw alarm input - gnd ...

  • Page 9

    2. Install antenna (section 6.2, “antenna mounting”). 3. Install feed line (section 6.3, “antenna feed line”). 4. Ensure proper grounding (section 6.4, “grounding”). 5. Run cables and plug-in all connectors except from the scada equipment (section 4.2, “connectors”) 6. Apply power supply to ripex 7....

  • Page 10

    1. Ripex – radio router 1.1. Introduction ripex is a best-in-class radio modem, not only in terms of data transfer speed. This software defined radio with linux os has been designed with attention to detail, performance and quality. All relevant state-of-the-art concepts have been carefully implemen...

  • Page 11

    • bridge or router - ripex is a device with native ip support which can be set as a standard bridge or router. • modbus, iec101, dnp3, siemens 3964(r), comli, rp570, c24, df1, profibus, slip, modbus tcp, iec104, dnp3 tcp etc. - unique implementation of industrial protocols enables a secure addressed...

  • Page 12

    • ripex - hs - redundant hot standby chassis - two hot-stand-by standard ripex units inside - automatic switchover capability on detection of failure - suitable for central sites, repeaters or important remote sites where no single point of failure is required • internal calendar time - can be set m...

  • Page 13: 2. Ripex In Detail

    2. Ripex in detail 2.1. Modes of operation radio modem ripex is best suited for transmission of a large number of short messages where a guaranteed delivery time is required, i.E. For mission critical applications. Ripex has the following basic uses: • polling in poll-response networks a central mas...

  • Page 14

    Device, while providing communication reliability and spectrum efficiency by employing a sophisticated protocol in the radio channel. In bridge mode, the radio channel protocol do not solve collisions. There is a crc check of data integrity, however, i.E. Once a message is delivered, it is 100% erro...

  • Page 15

    Step 2 fep’s ripex broadcasts this packet on radio channel. Ripex3 and ripex1 receive this packet. Ripex2 doesn’t receive this packet, because it is not within radio coverage of fep’s ripex. Step 3 ripex3 and ripex1 send the received packet to their com1 and com2. Packet is addressed to rtu3, so onl...

  • Page 16

    Step 7 ripex2 sends repeated packet to its com1 and com2. Rtu2 doesn’t react, because the packet is addressed to fep. Ripex3 and fep’s ripexes do not send the repeated packet to their com ports, because it has been handled already. Fep processes the reply from rtu3 and polling cycle continues… 2.2.3...

  • Page 17

    Repeater because using the bridge mode makes the network transparent, the use of repeaters has certain limit- ations. To keep matters simple we recommend using a single repeater. However, if certain rules are observed, using multiple repeaters in the same network is possible. The total number of rep...

  • Page 18

    Solution 2. Use a single repeater. (whenever network layout allows that.) 1 2 good cen rpt1 rem 2. Parallel repeaters improperly designed network: centre repeater1 remote1 1 2 1 2 remote2 repeater2 x collision! Good wrong 1 2 1 2 cen cen rpt1 rpt1 rem1 rem1 1 2 1 2 rem2 rem2 rpt2 rpt2 2 - ripex rem1...

  • Page 19

    Avoidance capability, it uses frame acknowledgement, retransmissions and crc checks to guarantee data delivery and integrity even under harsh interference conditions on the radio channel. Ripex works as a standard ip router with 2 independent interfaces: radio and eth. Each interface has its own mac...

  • Page 20

    Step 4 ripex1 transmitts the reply packet from rtu1 for fep on radio channel. All ripexes receive this packet. This packet is addressed to fep’s ripex, so only fep’s ripex reacts. It checks data integrity and transmits the acknowledgement to ripex1. At the same time the packet is sent to fep through...

  • Page 21

    10.10.10.50/24 192.168.50.2/24 routing table ripex50: 192.168.1.0/24 10.10.10.1 192.168.2.0/24 10.10.10.1 192.168.3.0/24 10.10.10.3 default gw 192.168.50.2 è è è 192.168.2.2/24 routing table : 192.168.1.0/24 10.10.10.1 ripex2 192.168.50.0/24 10.10.10.1 192.168.3.0/24 10.10.10.1 è è è 10.10.10.3/24 1...

  • Page 22

    2.3.4. Addressing hints in large and complex networks with numerous repeaters, individual routing tables may become long and difficult to comprehend. To keep the routing tables simple, the addressing scheme should follow the layout of the radio network. More specifically, every group of ip addresses...

  • Page 23

    2.4. Serial scada protocols even when the scada devices are connected via serial port, communication remains secured and address-based in all directions (centre-rtu, rtu-centre, rtu-rtu). In router mode, ripex utilises a unique implementation of various scada protocols (modbus, iec101, dnp3, comli, ...

  • Page 24

    Important the anti-collision protocol feature is available only in the router mode. The bridge mode is suitable for simple master-slave arrangements with polling-type application protocol. 2.5. Combination of ip and serial communication ripex enables combination of ip and serial protocols within a s...

  • Page 25

    2.6. Diagnostics & network management ripex radiomodem offers a wide range of built-in diagnostics and network management tools. 2.6.1. Logs there are ‘neighbours’ and statistic logs in ripex. For both logs there is a history of 20 log files available, so the total history of saved values is 20 days...

  • Page 26

    2.6.4. Ping to diagnose the individual radio links ripex is equipped with an enhanced ping tool. In addition to the standard info such as the number of sent and received packets or the round trip time, it provides the overall load, the resulting throughput, ber, per and specific data about the quali...

  • Page 27

    2.8. Software feature keys certain advanced ripex features are activated with software keys. Sw feature keys enable the users to initially purchase only the functionality they require and buy additional functions as the requirements and expectations grow. Similarly, when some features (e.G. Com2) ar...

  • Page 28: 3. Network Planning

    3. Network planning the significance of planning for even a small radio network is often neglected. A typical scenario in such cases goes as follows – there's not enough time (sometimes money) to do proper planning, so the network construction is started right away while decisions on antennas etc. A...

  • Page 29

    Centre rtu config. Pc rtu dummy antenna fig. 3.1: application bench test 3.2. Frequency often the frequency is simply given. If there is a choice, using the optimum frequency range can make a significant difference. Let us make a brief comparison of the most used uhf frequency bands. 160 mhz the bes...

  • Page 30

    Bunch of trees in the middle, (which would be a fatal problem for e.G. An 11 ghz microwave). 900 mhz also penetrates buildings quite well, in an industrial environment full of steel and concrete it may be the best choice. The signal gets “everywhere” thanks to many reflections, unfortunately there i...

  • Page 31

    Db (10 m cable rg-58 cu, 400 mhz) -3.1 - rx antenna feeder loss [db] dbm received signal strength (rss) = -88.8 the available tx output power and guaranteed rx sensitivity level for the given data rate have to be declared by the radio manufacturer. Ripex values can be found in table 4.6, “technical ...

  • Page 32

    3.4. Multipath propagation, dq multipath propagation is the arch-enemy of uhf data networks. The signal coming out of the receiving antenna is always a combination of multiple signals. The transmitted signal arrives via different paths, by the various non-los ways of propagation. Different paths hav...

  • Page 33

    3.4.1. How to battle with multipath propagation? The first step is the diagnosis. We have to realize we are in trouble and only a field measurement can tell us that. We should forget about software tools and simply assume that a multipath problem may appear on every non-los hop in the network. These...

  • Page 34

    Lematic site seems to be usable after all (e.G. It can pass commissioning tests), it will keep generating problems for ever, hence it is very prudent to do something about it as early as possible. Note never design hops where a directional antenna is used for a direction outside its main lobe. Howev...

  • Page 35

    The conditions every single radio hop has to meet were discussed in previous paragraphs. If we are so lucky, that different layouts meeting that conditions are possible, we should exploit that for the be- nefit of the network. The following rules should be followed when defining the layout of radio ...

  • Page 36

    M centre fig. 3.7: isolated branches • in report-by-exception networks the load of hops connecting the centre to major repeaters forms the bottle-neck of total network capacity. Moving these hops to another channel, or, even better, to a wire (fibre, microwave) links can multiply the throughput of t...

  • Page 37

    • both vegetation and construction can grow. Especially when planning a high data rate hop which requires a near-los terrain profile, take into consideration the possible future growth of obstacles. • when the signal passes a considerable amount of vegetation (e.G. A 100m strip of forest), think of ...

  • Page 38

    • do not underestimate ageing of coaxial cables, especially at higher frequencies. Designing a 900 mhz site with 30 m long antenna cable run outdoors would certainly result in trouble two years later. • we recommend to use vertical polarization for all radio modem networks. 3.8. Recommended values t...

  • Page 39: 4. Product

    4. Product ripex is built into a rugged die-cast aluminium casing that allows for multiple installation possibilities, see section 6.1, “mounting”. 4.1. Dimensions fig. 4.1: ripex dimensions 39 © racom s.R.O. – ripex radio modem & router product.

  • Page 40

    Fig. 4.2: ripex dimensions – bottom din 35 rail din rail clip 134 150 118 58 50 fig. 4.3: ripex with din rail ripex radio modem & router – © racom s.R.O. 40 product.

  • Page 41

    Fig. 4.4: ripex dimensions with connectors for more information see section 6.1.1, “din rail mounting” and section 6.1.2, “flat mounting” 41 © racom s.R.O. – ripex radio modem & router product.

  • Page 42

    4.2. Connectors all connectors are located on the front panel. The upper side features an led panel. The reset button is located in an opening in the bottom side. Alarm out. Alarm input + – sleep - wake up com1 com2 data equipment, rtu eth data equipment, rtu lan, control pc eth/usb adapter antenna ...

  • Page 43

    Fig. 4.7: separated rx and tx antennas warning: ripex radio modem may be damaged when operated without an antenna or a dummy load. 4.2.2. Power and control this rugged connector connects to a power supply and it contains control signals. A plug with screw- terminals and retaining screws for power an...

  • Page 44

    1 2 3 4 5 6 pin no.: 7 si ai - + a0 + - 10–30vdc fig. 4.8: supply connector wire ports (7) retaining screws (2) lead binding screws (7) fig. 4.9: power and control - cable plug 1 2 3 4 5 6 pin no.: 7 si ai - + a0 + - 10–30vdc sleep input sleep input sleep input is the digital input for activating th...

  • Page 45

    4.2.3. Eth standard rj45 connector for ethernet connection. Ripex has 10/100 baset auto mdi/mdix interface so it can connect to 10 mbps or 100 mbps ethernet network. The speed can be selected manually or recognised automatically by ripex. Ripex is provided with auto mdi/mdix function which allows it...

  • Page 46

    4.2.5. Usb ripex uses usb 1.1, host a interface. Usb interface is wired as standard: 1 2 3 4 fig. 4.12: serial connector tab. 4.4: usb pin description wire signal usb pin red +5 v 1 white data(−) 2 green data (+) 3 black gnd 4 the usb interface is designed for the connection to the "x5" – external e...

  • Page 47

    4.2.7. Gps fig. 4.14: gps connector sma ripex can be equipped with an internal gps, see section 4.5, “model offerings”. The gps module is used for time synchronisation of the ntp server inside ripex. See adv. Conf., time for more. In this case the front panel contains a sma female 50 ohm connector f...

  • Page 48

    Emergency – emergency status is an undefined ripex status either because of a sw or hw problem when ripex does not function properly. Maintenance web page is mostly accessible even in emergency status. If the problem cannot be eliminated after a power cycle, send the unit to racom for repair. 4.4. T...

  • Page 49

    20 dbm (100 mw) maximum receiver input power rx spurious emissions (conducted) radiated spurious emissions detail blocking or desensitization > 70 db spurious response rejection * not available yet, ** for output power 10 w it is recommended to use input power above 11 vdc ripex-470 – max. Output po...

  • Page 50

    Rugged die-cast aluminium casing 50 h × 150 w × 118 mm d (1.97× 5.9 × 4.65 in) dimensions 1.1 kg (2.4 lbs) weight din rail, l-bracket, flat-bracket, 19" rack shelf mounting sw bridge / router operating modes modbus, iec101, dnp3, uni, comli, df1, rp570, profibus, slip, siemens 3964(r)… user protocol...

  • Page 51

    Standards ce, fcc etsi en 300 113-2 v1.5.1 spectrum (art 3.2) fcc part 90 etsi en 301 489-1 v1.9.2 emc (electromagnetic compatibility) (art 3.1.B) etsi en 301 489-5 v1.3.1 en 60950-1:2006 safety (art 3.1.A) en 60950–1:2006/a11:2009, en 60950–1:2006/a12:2011, en 60950–1:2006/a1:2010 tab. 4.7: recomme...

  • Page 52

    4.4.1. Detailed radio parameters the very first parameter which is often required for consideration is the receiver sensitivity. Anyone interested in the wireless data transmission probably aware what this parameter means, but we should regard it simultaneously in its relation to other receiver para...

  • Page 53

    Tab. 4.9: ce 12.5 khz ce 12.5 khz blocking or desensitization [dbm] sensitivity [dbm] classification ±10 mhz ±5 mhz ±1 mhz ber 10 -6 ber 10 -3 ber 10 -2 emission modulation fec kbps -3 -4 -6 -113 -117 -120 7k00f1dcn 2cpfsk 0.75 3.91 -5 -6 -8 -112 -116 -119 7k00f1dbn 2cpfsk 1.00 5.21 -5 -6 -6 -108 -1...

  • Page 54

    Tab. 4.11: fcc 25 khz fcc 25 khz blocking or desensitization [dbm] sensitivity [dbm] classification ±10 mhz ±5 mhz ±1 mhz ber 10 -6 ber 10 -3 ber 10 -2 emission modulation fec kbps -0.0 -1.0 -3.5 -108 -113 -116 18k6f1ddn 4cpfsk 0.75 15.63 +1.5 -2.5 -5.0 -105 -111 -114 18k6f1ddn 4cpfsk 1.00 20.83 -0....

  • Page 55

    Note all the values above are guaranteed ones, i.E. Every single unit has got typically even better values for 0-4 db. 1. 2. There are no official test report for ce 6.25 khz and fcc 25 khz as yet. When you want to set these respective modulations, select type approval “others” in settings/mod- ulat...

  • Page 56

    4.5. Model offerings ripex radio modem has been designed to have minimum possible number of hardware variants. Dif- ferent hw models are determined by frequency, internal gps and separate connectors for rx and tx antennas. Upgrade of functionality does not result in on-site hardware changes – it is ...

  • Page 57

    Backup routes – enables backup routes (part no. Ripex-sw-backup routes) master – enables all functionalities of all possible sw feature keys (part no. Ripex-sw-master) software keys are always tied to a specific ripex serial number (s/n). When sw key is ordered later and not together with ripex unit...

  • Page 58

    4.6. Accessories 1. Ripex hot standby ripex-hs is redundant hot standby chassis. There are two hot-stand-by standard ripex units inside. In case of a detection of failure, automatic switchover between ripex units sis performed. Ripex-hs is suitable for central sites, repeaters or important remote si...

  • Page 59

    Be powered from the backup battery and external antenna can be connected to one of the ripex units through „n“ connector on the case. Fig. 4.19: demo case contents: • brackets and cabling for installation of three ripexes and one m!Dge (units are not part of the delivery) • 1× power supply mean well...

  • Page 60

    Fig. 4.20: fan kit mounting 150 88 142 79 55 fig. 4.21: assembly dimensions with fan 5. Fig. 4.22: l-bracket l-bracket installation l bracket for vertical mounting. For details on use see chapter mounting and chapter dimensions. Ripex radio modem & router – © racom s.R.O. 60 product.

  • Page 61

    133 124 60 122 fig. 4.23: ripex with l-bracket 6. Fig. 4.24: flat bracket flat-bracket installation bracket for flat mounting. For details on use see chapter mounting. 133 124 60 122 l - bracket fig. 4.25: ripex with flat-bracket 61 © racom s.R.O. – ripex radio modem & router product.

  • Page 62

    95 174 184 8 70 75,4 2×o4,5 4×m3 / 101 fig. 4.26: flat-bracket dimensions 7. 19" rack shelf – single • 1,6u (70 mm) high • ready for assembly with one ripex • weight 2.5 kg (without power supply and ripex) • can be assembled with power supply ○ 100 – 256 v ac / 24 v dc ○ 230 v ac / 24 v dc ○ 48 v dc...

  • Page 63

    Fig. 4.28: 19" rack shelf – dimensions 8. 19" rack shelf – double • 1,6u (70 mm) high • ready for assembly with two ripex’es • can be assembled with power supplies ○ 100 – 256 v ac / 24 v dc ○ 230 v ac / 24 v dc ○ 48 v dc / 24 v dc ○ ms2000/12 + back up battery 7.2 ah 63 © racom s.R.O. – ripex radio...

  • Page 64

    Fig. 4.29: 19" rack shelf – double fig. 4.30: 19" rack shelf–double – dimensions ripex radio modem & router – © racom s.R.O. 64 product.

  • Page 65

    9. Fig. 4.31: dummy load dummy load antenna dummy load antenna for ripex is used to test the config- uration on a desk. It is unsuitable for higher output – use transmitting output of 0.1 w only. 10. Feedline cable feedline cable is 50 cm long and is made from the rg58 coaxial cable. There are tnc m...

  • Page 66: 5. Bench Test

    5. Bench test 5.1. Connecting the hardware before installing a ripex network in the field, a bench-test should be performed in the lab. The ripex demo case is great for this as it contains everything necessary: 3 ripex’s, power supply, dummy load antennas, etc. If you use your own installation for l...

  • Page 67

    1. Using the "x5" - external eth/usb adapter 2. Directly over the ethernet interface https://192.168.169.169 pc 192.168.169.250 https://10.9.8.7 pc dhcp fig. 5.2: connecting to a pc over eth and over eth/usb adapter 1. Pc connected via eth/usb adapter we recommend using the "x5" - external eth/usb a...

  • Page 68

    Fig. 5.3: pc address setting important when you change the ripex eth address from the default value later on and the new ip network does not include the default one, you will have to change your pc's static ip again to be able to continue configuring the ripex. 3. Login to ripex start a web browser ...

  • Page 69

    Fig. 5.4: authentication the default entries for a new ripex are: user name: admin password: admin click ok. Initial screen should appear then: fig. 5.5: status menu warning: before you start any configuration, make sure only one unit is powered on. Otherwise, a different radio modem could reply to ...

  • Page 70

    5.4. Basic setup for the first functionality test we recommend that you use the setup wizard. The wizard will guide you through basic functionality setup. Simply select wizard in the web interface and proceed according to the information on the screen. Repeat for all ripex’s in the test network. If ...

  • Page 71: 6. Installation

    6. Installation step-by-step checklist 1. Mount ripex into cabinet (section 6.1, “mounting”). 2. Install antenna (section 6.2, “antenna mounting”). 3. Install feed line (section 6.3, “antenna feed line”). 4. Ensure proper grounding (section 6.4, “grounding”). 5. Run cables and plug-in all connectors...

  • Page 72

    Fig. 6.3: vertical widthwise mounting to din rail fig. 6.4: vertical lengthwise mounting to din rail for more information see section 4.6, “accessories” – l-bracket. 6.1.2. Flat mounting for flat mounting directly to the support you must use the flat bracket (an optional accessory). Fig. 6.5: flat m...

  • Page 73

    6.1.3. 19" rack mounting for installation into the 19" rack you can use the 19" rack shelf – single or 19" rack shelf- double for one or two ripexes. 19" rack shelf is an optional accessory delivered with/without a power supply. Fig. 6.7: rack shelf 6.1.4. Fan kit in extreme temperatures you can ins...

  • Page 74

    1 2 3 4 5 6 pin no.: 7 si ai - + a0 + - red black 10–30vdc fan kit fig. 6.9: fan kit using alarm output, recommended red black 1 2 3 4 5 6 pin no.: 7 si ai - + a0 + - 10–30vdc fan kit fig. 6.10: fan kit, always on 6.2. Antenna mounting the type of antenna best suited for the individual sites of your...

  • Page 75

    The shorter the feed line, the better. Ripex can be installed right next to the antenna and an ethernet cable can be used to connect it to the rest of the installation and to power the ripex . An ethernet cable can also be used for other protocols utilising the serial port, see advanced configuratio...

  • Page 76: 7. Advanced Configuration

    7. Advanced configuration this chapter is identical with the content of helps for individual menu. 7.1. Menu header 7.1.1. Generally ripex can be easily managed from your computer using any web browser (mozilla firefox, microsoft internet explorer, etc.). If there is an ip connection between the com...

  • Page 77

    Connect action button to connect to the remote ripex, which is specified by the ip address in the remote box. The unit name in "values from" box is changed accordingly afterwards. Disconnect when a remote ripex is sucessfully connected, the disconnect button shows up. When the disconnect process is ...

  • Page 78

    Refresh - complete refresh of displayed values is performed. 7.3. Settings fig. 7.3: menu settings 7.3.1. Device unit name * active only when in router mode default = noname each unit may have its unique name – an alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters. Although utf8 is supported, ascii characte...

  • Page 79

    Operating mode list box: bridge, router default = bridge bridge bridge mode is suitable for point-to-multipoint networks, where master-slave application with polling- type communication protocol is used. Ripex in bridge mode is as easy to use as a simple transparent device, while allowing for a reas...

  • Page 80

    Furthemore, a copy of every frame transmitted to or received from the radio channel is stored (for a period). Whenever a duplicate of a stored frame is received, it is discarded to avoid possible looping. These measures are not taken when the parameter "number of repeaters" is zero, i.E. In a networ...

  • Page 81

    Eth or the ip of radio interfaces. The source ip address of outgoing packets from com ports is always the ip of eth interface. • ack list box: off, on. Default = on ○ on each frame transmitted on radio channel from this ripex has to be acknowledged by the re- ceiving ripex, using the very short serv...

  • Page 82

    Both units in ripex-hs are using the same mac addresses (mac cloning). Whichever unit is active (either “a or b”), ripex ethernet interface will use this mac address. This mac address has to be unconditionally set to the same value in both units used in ripex-hs. Otherwise, the switching between uni...

  • Page 83

    Default = on if on, daylight saving is activated according the respective rules for selected ripex time zone. • ntp internal calendar time in ripex is synchronized via ntp and ripex also acts as a standard ntp server simultaneously. ○ current date&time information about the actual date and time in r...

  • Page 84

    List box: on, off default = off if on, ripex works as a standard snmp agent. I.E. It responds to "snmp get request" packets re- ceived from even several snmp managers on any of its ip addresses. It transmits snmp traps as per its configuration (settings/device/alarm management or routing/backup). • ...

  • Page 85

    Note 1. Port 443 and 8889 are used internally for service access. Exercise caution when making rules which may affect datagrams to/from this port in firewall settings. Connection between your pc and ripex may be lost. When this happens, use the reset button on the bottom side of ripex (keep it press...

  • Page 86

    Manual – thresholds can be set manually. However there are individual min. And max. Threshold values for each item. When your settings are out of the possible interval, the web interface will give you a warning and display the possible values. • snmp trap when ticked, the snmp trap message is sent b...

  • Page 87

    Ripex is listening on radio channel in the save mode while consuming 2 w. It can be woken up only when a packet is received over the radio channel. However data from this first received packet is lost. Router mode: ripex is woken up when it receives a packet for its ip address. As “its ip” is con- s...

  • Page 88

    Ripex periodically broadcasts its watched values to neighbouring units. The watched values can be displayed in graphs and neighbours menu. Note: when bridge mode is used, watched values broadcasting creates collisions for user traffic. Be careful in using this feature. ○ neighbours&statistic log sav...

  • Page 89

    Samples after the alarm event are recorded. When another alarm occurs while a detail graph file is opened, the sampling continues normally and no other file is opened. Single – a single detail graph file can be manually started. After apply here, go to diagnost- ic/graph where a start/stop button is...

  • Page 90

    Ripex-470: 470-512 mhz rx frequency** receiving frequency, the same format and rules apply. Note: by default, the tx and rx frequencies are locked together and change in one field is mirrored in the other. If clicked, the lock is removed and different tx and rx frequencies can be entered. Channel sp...

  • Page 91

    Fec (forward error correction) is a very effective method to minimize radio channel impairments. Basically the sender inserts some redundant data into its messages. This redundancy allows the re- ceiver to detect and correct errors (to some extent). The improvement comes at the expense of the user d...

  • Page 92

    When a packet to be transmitted from the radio interface is longer than the mtu (maximum transmis- sion unit) set, the ripex router performs standard ip fragmentation. A packet longer than the configured size is split into the needed number of fragments, which are then independently transmitted - th...

  • Page 93

    Server dhcp (dynamic host configuration protocol) server in ripex sets network configuration (ip address, mask, gateway) in connected dhcp clients. They have to be connected to the same lan as the eth interface of ripex. The mask set is the same as on ripex eth, the gateway is the ip address of eth ...

  • Page 94

    Run locally between modbus master and ripex in modbus tcp network. Read help and application note modbus in ripex. For more information refer to the manual application note / modbus tcp 1 . ** - denotes items to be used only when either all or some rtus (remote telemetry unit) on remote sites are co...

  • Page 95

    When the ip destination address of the udp datagram, in which serial scada message received from com1(2) is encapsulated, is created, this base ip is taken as the basis and only the part defined by mask is replaced by 'protocol address'. ■ mask default = 255.255.255.0 a part of base ip address defin...

  • Page 96

    Terminal servers* generally a terminal server (also referred to as a serial server) enables connection of devices with serial interface to a ripex over the local area network (lan). It is a virtual substitute for devices used as serial-to-tcp(udp) converters. Examples of the use: a scada application...

  • Page 97

    Tcp proxy* compared to udp, the tcp protocol generates more load (longer headers, extra handshake datagrams), which in some circumstances may significantly reduce the user data throughput in a narrowband radio modem network. The tcp proxy module converts tcp to udp (and vice-versa) so that only udp ...

  • Page 98

    Arp proxy & vlan • general description • arp proxy (router mode only) when a remote device connected over a router-mode ripex network does not support routing (i.E. The default gateway cannot be configured), the narrowest possible subnet should be configured on the respective eth interface of the ri...

  • Page 99

    To create vlan click on add vlan. The new vlan line appears. Each vlan can have its subnets. Network overlapping among subnets is possible. When overlapping, the subnet with the narrowest mask takes effect for respective ip. ○ interface.Vlan id behind decimal point in eth0. Fill in vlan id. Values 1...

  • Page 100

    ○ modify add subnet creates the new subnet line. Add vlan creates the new vlan line. Delete deletes respective line. The vlan lines can be sorted using up and down arrows. 7.3.4. Com's * active only when router mode the com ports in ripex are served by special daemons, which are connected to the ip ...

  • Page 101

    Default = 19200 select baud rate from the list box: 300 to 115200 bps rates are available. Serial ports use two-level (binary) signaling, so the data rate in bits per second is equal to the symbol rate in bauds data bits list box: 8, 7 default = 8 the number of data bits in each character. Parity li...

  • Page 102

    Flow control list box: none, rts/cts default = none rts/cts (request to send / clear to send) hardware flow control (handshake) between the dte (data terminal equipment) and ripex (dce - data communications equipment) can be enabled in order to pause and resume the transmission of data. If rx buffer...

  • Page 103

    There and they are typically forwarded as unicasts to radio channel to their destination. When the gateway defined in the routing table belongs to the ethernet lan, udp datagrams are rather forwarded to the ethernet interface. After reaching the gateway (typically a ripex router again), the datagram...

  • Page 104

    List box: on, off default = off some master scada units sends broadcast messages to all slave units. Scada application typically uses a specific address for such messages. Ripex (protocol utility) converts such message to a customized ip broadcast and broadcasts it to all ripex units resp. To all sc...

  • Page 105

    Dresses” should be translated to the same ip address and udp port pair, where the multiple scada units are connected. There are 3 possibilities how to fill in the line in the table: − one "protocol address" to one "ip address" (e.G.: 56 −−> 192.168.20.20) − interval of "protocol addresses" to one "i...

  • Page 106

    • parameters ○ destination ip this is ip address of destination ripex, either eth or radio interface. ○ udp port (interface) this is udp port number which is used as destination udp port in udp datagram in which packet received from com1(2) is encapsulated. C24 c24 is a serial polling-type communica...

  • Page 107

    Underlined parameters are described in common parameters. Mode of connected device master broadcast note: there is not the possibility to set broadcast address, since cactus broadcast messages always have the address 0x00. Hence when the broadcast is on, packets with this destination are handled as ...

  • Page 108

    According to the df1 specification, packets for the destination address 0xff are considered broadcasts. Hence when broadcast is on, packets with this destination are handled as broadcasts. Address translation table mask • advanced parameters ○ ack locally list box: off, on default = on if "on", ack ...

  • Page 109

    ○ address mode even if iec 870-5-101 is the standard, there are some users which customized this standard according their needs. When addressed byte has been moved, ripex has to read it on the correct location. ■ iec101 address byte location according to iec 870-5-101 standard. Broadcast from master...

  • Page 110

    • wait timeout [ms] default = 5000 an itt flygt slave sometimes sends the wait command (0x13) to its master. The ripex does not accept the next wait command (discards it), till the wait timeout does not expire. The re- commended value is in the 1-10 seconds range. Modbus modbus rtu is a serial polli...

  • Page 111

    Master • local simulation rb list box: off, on default = off the rp570 protocol master very often transmits the rb packets (hold packets) solely to check whether slaves are connected. In order to minimize the radio channel load, the ripex can be configured to respond to these packets locally and not...

  • Page 112

    Default = 200 (maximum=8190) ripex sends locally rb packets to the connected rtu in the set period. • rb response timeout [ms] default = 500 (maximum=8190) the ripex expects a response to the rb packet within the set timeout. If it is not received, the ripex does not respond to rb packets from the m...

  • Page 113

    When address position is calculated, the bytes added by escape se- quence algorithm are not taken into account. Note 2: the first byte in the packet has the sequence number 1, not 0. Broadcast address translation table mask slave broadcast accept • dle timeout [ms] default = 1000 (min. 300, max. 819...

  • Page 114

    Port configuration of 8 data bits, no parity 6 and flow control 7 . Slip does not provide error detection 8 , being reliant on other high-layer protocols for this. A slip connection needs to have its ip address 9 configuration set each time before it is established. • local ip ip address assigned to...

  • Page 115

    • address mask (hex) when the address mode is binary 2 bytes, a 16-bit value is read from the scada protocol message according to the address mode setting (either the msb or the lsb first), the resulting value is then bit-masked by the address mask and used as the input value for scada to ip ad- dre...

  • Page 116

    7.4. Routing routing table is active only when router mode (settings/device/operating mode) is set. In such a case ripex works as a standard ip router with 2 independent interfaces: radio and eth. Each interface has its own mac address, ip address and mask. Ip packets are then processed according th...

  • Page 117

    Routes destination, mask, gateway each ip packet, received by ripex through any interface (radio, eth, com1 or com2), has got a destination ip address. Ripex (router) forwards the received packet either directly to the destination ip address or to the respective gateway, according to the routing tab...

  • Page 118

    Backup ripex is capable to test path between two ripex ip addresses (even behind a repeater or lan). When the connection fails, ripex automatically uses alternative gateway(s) defined in the alternative paths column with the priority according to the line sequence. The system always tries to use the...

  • Page 119

    Default = off [255= off] hello packets carry the info about average rss (saved in respective statistic table) on each radio hop on its way. When any rss on the way is lower than the set one, the unit switches to the next alternative gateway in the line. Each individual packet is evaluated. ○ lower p...

  • Page 120

    7.5. Diagnostic 7.5.1. Neighbours and statistic fig. 7.10: menu neighbours neighbours and statistics follow the same pattern. Most importantly, they share a common time frame. One log save period and one difference log (pair of clear and display buttons) apply to both logs. For both logs there is a ...

  • Page 121

    Notice, that the log start, last upd. And log uptime labels at the top change to diff. Start, diff. Upd. And diff. Uptime when the difference log is displayed. They show the respective values for difference log. • history there is a possibility to display history logs using standard buttons. They ar...

  • Page 122

    • red background indicates, that the item is monitored for alarm and its average value is in the alarm range (settings/device/alarm management) • when the value of rss, dq, ucc, temp, pwr, vswr is not known, n/a is displayed. These n/a values are not displayed in graphs • ucc, temp, pwr, vswr are re...

  • Page 123

    Statistic fig. 7.11: menu statistic statistic log provides information about communication on all interfaces: radio, eth, com1, com2 and eth protocols (modus tcp, terminal servers, tcp proxy). Vlan packets are part of eth. Balloon tips provide on line help for all column names. These tips explain th...

  • Page 124

    7.5.2. Graphs graphs functions as well as meanings of overview, detail, sampling period are described in the help settings/device. Fig. 7.12: menu graphs • sampling period here just for information, to be set in settings/graphs. • file period file period corresponds to the time, for which the values...

  • Page 125

    List of ip addresses of ripex units from which the graph values are available. The list of recorded units can be set in settings/device/graphs. More in help settings/device. • 1st line list box: possible values default = txlost there is a list of values, which can be displayed. These values are also...

  • Page 126

    7.5.3. Tools ping fig. 7.13: menu ping ping (packet internet groper) is a utility used to test the reachability of a particular host on an ip network. It operates by sending echo request packets to the target host and waiting for an echo response. In the process it measures the rtt (round trip time ...

  • Page 127

    ■ ping type list box: icmp, rss default = rss ○ icmp this is a standard icmp (internet control message protocol) ping. It can be used against either ripex or any device connected to ripex radio network. ○ rss rss ping type uses a special udp packets and provides extension report which includes: • rs...

  • Page 128

    Time = rtt (round trip time), the time from transmission of icmp echo request to reception of icmp echo response • statistic report: "5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4002ms" "rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 327.229/377.519/462.590/45.516 ms" time = total time of ping utility (from sta...

  • Page 129

    "rtt histogram (time interval in sec.: %, count)" " 0.000 - 2.500: 100.00% 5" xxxxxxxxxx " 2.500 - 5.000: 0.00% 0" " 5.000 - 7.500: 0.00% 0" " 7.500 - 10.000: 0.00% 0" "10.000 - inf: 0.00% 0" there is the distribution of rtt (round trip times) of received pings. Time intervals in the table are 1/4 o...

  • Page 130

    Com1, com2), some internal interfaces between software modules can be monitored when such ad- vanced diagnostics is needed. Monitoring output can be viewed on-line or saved to a file in the ripex (e.G. A remote ripex) and downloaded later. Description of internal interfaces can be found below. ■ int...

  • Page 131

    ○ ip dst ip destination address range in the following format: aaa.Bbb.Ccc.Ddd/mask ○ port src tcp/udp source port (range) in the following format: aaaa(-bbbb) ○ port dst tcp/udp destination port (range) in the following format: aaaa(-bbbb) ○ protocol type (available for radio, eth and internal radi...

  • Page 132

    ○ router mode tick boxes. When radio interface is in the promiscuous mode, the unit is capable to monitor (receive) the frames which are transmitted in different operation modes (bridge x router) from the one set in this unit. Although such frames cannot be fully analysed by the monitoring engine, t...

  • Page 133

    When ticked, the time difference between subsequent packets is displayed in the monitoring output. ○ file period list box: 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 3 hours, 24 hours, off default = 5 min ○ file size list box: 1 kb, 10 kb, 50 kb, 100 kb, 500 kb, 1 mb, max (~2 mb) default =...

  • Page 134

    Com ports module router & bridge module terminal & modbus tcp servers & tcp proxy radio channel module com1 com2 eth radio virtual com/tcp ethernet radio modem unit rx tx rx tx rx tx rx tx rx tx rx tx rx tx fig. 7.15: monitoring • the central router and bridge module acts as a standard ip router or ...

  • Page 135

    Displayed while "radio" (rx) interface is monitored as part of a packet header. ○ data crc error data crc error. Displayed while "radio" (rx) interface is monitored as part of a packet header. • warnings (yellow background) ○ record sequence problem – reconfiguration? There is a problem in sequence ...

  • Page 136

    Monitoring of eth interface has been stopped. Probably because of unsupported or wrong 'tcpdump' syntax in monitoring/eth/advanced parameters/user rule. Can be displayed on an independent line while eth interface is being monitored ○ duplicated frame duplicated frame has been detected. It is discard...

  • Page 137

    7.6. Maintenance 7.6.1. Sw feature keys fig. 7.16: menu sw feature keys certain advanced ripex features have to be activated by software keys. On the right side one may see the list of available keys and their respective status values. Possible status values are: • not present • active • active (tim...

  • Page 138

    7.6.2. Configuration fig. 7.17: menu maintenance configuration • unit ○ back up – back up saves the active configuration into a backup file in the unit. ○ restore – configuration saved in the backup file in the unit is activated and the unit reboots itself. ○ factory settings – sets the factory defa...

  • Page 139

    • upload to archive – fill in firmware file, or browse your disk in order to find the file. When a file is selected and the “upload to archive” button pressed, it is uploaded and becomes the archive firmware. Note it is recommended to do this only over reliable ethernet connections and not over the ...

  • Page 140

    It is highly recommended to change default password (admin) even if the user name remains always the same (admin). When the apply button is pressed, the unit reboots. 7.6.5. Miscellaneous • reboot – when pressed, the unit correctly shuts down and starts again (performs the cold start which equals to...

  • Page 141

    Technical support package is the file where some internal events are recorded. It can be used by racom technical support when a deeper diagnostic is required. The most recent part of it can be downloaded to the local pc. • log depth list box: possible values default = 500 this is the number of rows ...

  • Page 142: 8. Cli Configuration

    8. Cli configuration cli interface (command line interface) is an alternative to web access. You can work with the cli interface in text mode using an appropriate client, either ssh (putty) or telnet. Cli “login” and “password” are the same as those for web access via browser. Access using ssh keys ...

  • Page 143: 9. Troubleshooting

    9. Troubleshooting 1. I don’t know what my ripex’s ip is – how do i connect? • use the "x5" – external eth/usb adapter and a pc as a dhcp client. Type 10.9.8.7 into your browser’s location field. • alternatively, you can reset your ripex to default access by pressing the reset button for a long time...

  • Page 144

    Arp -d 192.168.169.169 or delete the entire table by typing: arp -d * then you can ping the newly connected ripex again. 5. I have assigned the ripex a new ip address and my pc lost connection to it. • change the pc’s ip address so that it is on the same subnet as the ripex. 6. I entered the router ...

  • Page 145

    10. Safety, environment, licensing 10.1. Frequency the radio modem must be operated only in accordance with the valid frequency license issued by na- tional frequency authority and all radio parametres have to be set exactly as listed. Important use of frequencies between 406.0 and 406.1 mhz is worl...

  • Page 146

    160 mhz/2 m band – 5 w rf power 90 200 6.3 8.0 5 element directional yagi sa160.3 150 330 17.8 12.5 9 element directional yagi sa160.5 160 mhz/2 m band – 4 w rf power dist. Where the fcc limits are met for gain g [–] gain g [dbi] antenna description antenna code general population / controlled expos...

  • Page 147

    160 mhz/2 m band – 0.5 w rf power dist. Where the fcc limits are met for gain g [–] gain g [dbi] antenna description antenna code general population / controlled expos- ure [cm] general population / uncontrolled ex- posure [cm] 20 45 2.9 4.6 single dipole ov160.1 30 60 5.8 7.6 stacked double dipole ...

  • Page 148

    300–400 mhz/70 cm band – 4 w rf power 90 200 17.8 12.5 9 element directional yagi sa380.9 300–400 mhz/70 cm band – 3 w rf power dist. Where the fcc limits are met for gain g [–] gain g [dbi] antenna description antenna code general population / controlled expos- ure [cm] general population / uncontr...

  • Page 149

    300–400 mhz/70 cm band – 0.5 w rf power 20 40 5.8 7.6 3 element directional yagi sa380.3 20 45 7.4 8.7 5 element directional yagi sa380.5 30 70 17.8 12.5 9 element directional yagi sa380.9 10.3. High temperature if the ripex is operated in an environment where the ambient temperature exceeds 55 °c, ...

  • Page 150

    • liability for defects does not apply to any product that has been used in a manner which conflicts with the instructions contained in this operator manual, or if the case in which the radio modem is located has been opened, or if the equipment has been tampered with. • the radio equipment can only...

  • Page 151

    Cences on contacts listed on http://www.Racom.Eu. This product also includes software developed by the university of california, berkeley and its contributors. 10.7. Product conformity racom declares that the ripex radio modem & router is in conformity with the es- sential requirements and other rel...

  • Page 152

    Declaration of conformity – ripex www.Racom.Eu we declare under our own responsibility that the product manufacturer: racom address: mirova 1283, 592 31 nove mesto na morave, czech republic vat: cz46343423 racom s.R.O. • mirova 1283 • 592 31 nove mesto na morave • czech republic tel.: +420 565 659 5...

  • Page 153

    The ripex radio modem & router has been type accepted for operation by the fed- eral communications commission in accordance with title 47 part90 of the fcc rules. See the label on the unit for the specific fcc id and any other certification designations. 10.8. Warranty racom-supplied parts or equip...

  • Page 154: Appendix A. Oid Mappings

    Appendix a. Oid mappings "mib tables", and whole file "oid mappings" can be downloaded from: http://www.Racom.Eu/eng/products/radio-modem-ripex.Html#download 1 more details are described in application note: see ripex app notes, snmp 2 1 http://hnilux.Racom.Cz:3004/eng/products/radio-modem-ripex.Htm...

  • Page 155: Appendix B. Abbreviations

    Appendix b. Abbreviations mdix medium dependent interface crossover ack acknowledgement aes advanced encryption standard mib management information base nms network management system atm automated teller machine ber bit error rate n.C. Normally closed n.O. Normally open cli command line interface cr...

  • Page 156

    Tcp transmission control protocol ts5 terminal server 5 tx transmitter udp user datagram protocol vswr voltage standing wave ratio weee waste electrical and electronic equipment ripex radio modem & router – © racom s.R.O. 156 abbreviations.

  • Page 157: Index

    Index symbols 10. Feedline cable, 65 a accessories, 58 addressing bridge, 16 router, 20 alarm in/out, 44 management, 85 antenna, 42 dummy load, 65, 66 mounting, 74 separated, 56 b basic setup, 70 bench test, 66 brc com, 103 diagnostic, 87 tcp, 94 bridge, 13, 79 c com parameters, 100 protocols, 102 c...

  • Page 158

    N neighbours, 87, 121 network example, 22 layout, 34 planning, 28 networkt management, 25 o ordering code, 56 output hw, 44 p part number, 56 password, 139 ping menu, 126 pooling, 13 power management, 86 product code, 56 conformity, 151 protocols com, 102 r radio parameters, 52, 89 router, 10 repeat...

  • Page 159

    Appendix c. Revision history revision this manual was prepared to cover a specific version of firmware code. Accordingly, some screens and features may differ from the actual unit you are working with. While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this publication, product im...