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RACOM RipEX User Manual

Other manuals for RipEX: User Manual
Manual is about: Radio modem & Router

Summary of RipEX

  • Page 1

    User manual . Ripex radio modem & router . Version 1.7.1 4/7/2014 fw 1.4.X.X www.Racom.Eu racom s.R.O. • mirova 1283 • 592 31 nove mesto na morave • czech republic tel.: +420 565 659 511 • fax: +420 565 659 512 • e-mail: racom@racom.Eu.

  • Page 3

    Table of contents important notice .................................................................................................................................. 7 getting started .......................................................................................................................

  • Page 4

    8. Cli configuration ........................................................................................................................ 154 9. Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................... 155 10. Saf...

  • Page 5

    4.21. Fan kit mounting ....................................................................................................................... 68 4.22. Ripex with fan kit .................................................................................................................... 68 4.23. L-b...

  • Page 6

    4.1. Pin assignement ......................................................................................................................... 44 4.2. Ethernet to cable connector connections ................................................................................... 46 4.3. Com1,2 pin descri...

  • Page 7: Important Notice

    Important notice copyright © 2013 racom. All rights reserved. Products offered may contain software proprietary to racom s. R. O. (further referred to under the ab- breviated name racom). The offer of supply of these products and services does not include or infer any transfer of ownership. No part ...

  • Page 8: Getting Started

    Getting started ripex is a widely configurable compact radio modem, more precisely a radio ip router. All you have to do to put it into operation is to connect it to an antenna and a power supply and configure it using a pc (tablet, smart phone) and a web browser. Antenna indicator leds' sleep input...

  • Page 9

    Scada radio network step-by-step building a reliable radio network for a scada system may not be that simple, even when you use such a versatile and easy-to-operate device as the ripex radio modem. The following step-by-step checklist can help you to keep this process fast and efficient. 1. Design y...

  • Page 10

    1. Ripex – radio router 1.1. Introduction ripex is a best-in-class radio modem, not only in terms of data transfer speed. This software defined radio with linux os has been designed with attention to detail, performance and quality. All relevant state-of-the-art concepts have been carefully implemen...

  • Page 11

    • fast remote access - only the effective data are transferred from remote ripex over the air, html page is downloaded from the local unit. • bridge or router - ripex is a device with native ip support which can be set as a standard bridge or router. • modbus, iec101, dnp3, siemens 3964(r), comli, r...

  • Page 12

    Software authorization keys allow you to add advanced features when needed: router mode, 166/83 (the two highest data rates for 25 and 50 khz channel spacing), com2, 10 w, backup routes - free master-key trial – (all coded features) for 30 days in every ripex • reliability - 3 years warranty, rugged...

  • Page 13

    Eia rs-485 rs485 iec 60870-5-101 iec101 iec 60870-5-104 iec104 ieee 1815-2010 dnp3 iec 61158 type 3 profibus dp rfc 1055 slip ieee 802.1q vlan ieee 802.11g,n wifi 13 © racom s.R.O. – ripex radio modem & router ripex – radio router.

  • Page 14: 2. Ripex In Detail

    2. Ripex in detail 2.1. Modes of operation radio modem ripex is best suited for transmission of a large number of short messages where a guaranteed delivery time is required, i.E. For mission critical applications. Ripex has the following basic uses: • polling in poll-response networks a central mas...

  • Page 15

    2.2.1. Detailed description bridge mode is suitable for point-to-multipoint networks, where master-slave applications with polling- type communication protocol are used. Ripex in bridge mode is as easy to use as a simple transparent device, while providing communication reliability and spectrum effi...

  • Page 16

    Step 2 fep’s ripex broadcasts this packet on radio channel. Ripex3 and ripex1 receive this packet. Ripex2 doesn’t receive this packet, because it is not within radio coverage of fep’s ripex. Step 3 ripex3 and ripex1 send the received packet to their com1 and com2. Packet is addressed to rtu3, so onl...

  • Page 17

    Step 7 ripex2 sends repeated packet to its com1 and com2. Rtu2 doesn’t react, because the packet is addressed to fep. Ripex3 and fep’s ripexes do not send the repeated packet to their com ports, because it has been handled already. Fep processes the reply from rtu3 and polling cycle continues… 2.2.3...

  • Page 18

    Repeater because using the bridge mode makes the network transparent, the use of repeaters has certain limit- ations. To keep matters simple we recommend using a single repeater. However, if certain rules are observed, using multiple repeaters in the same network is possible. The total number of rep...

  • Page 19

    Solution 2. Use a single repeater. (whenever network layout allows that.) 1 2 good cen rpt1 rem 2. Parallel repeaters improperly designed network: centre repeater1 remote1 1 2 1 2 remote2 repeater2 x collision! Good wrong 1 2 1 2 cen cen rpt1 rpt1 rem1 rem1 1 2 1 2 rem2 rem2 rpt2 rpt2 2 - ripex rem1...

  • Page 20

    2.3.1. Detailed description router mode is suitable for multipoint networks, where multi-master applications with any combination of polling and/or spontaneous data protocols can be used. The proprietary link-layer protocol on the radio channel is very sophisticated, it can transmit both unicast and...

  • Page 21

    Step 3 ripex2 waits till previous transaction on radio channel is finished (anti-collision mechanism). Then ripex2 transmits on radio channel the addressed packet for plc1. Ripex1 receives this packet, checks data integrity and transmits acknowledgement. At the same time packet is sent to plc1 throu...

  • Page 22

    10.10.10.50/24 192.168.50.2/24 routing table ripex50: 192.168.1.0/24 10.10.10.1 192.168.2.0/24 10.10.10.1 192.168.3.0/24 10.10.10.3 default gw 192.168.50.2 è è è 192.168.2.2/24 routing table : 192.168.1.0/24 10.10.10.1 ripex2 192.168.50.0/24 10.10.10.1 192.168.3.0/24 10.10.10.1 è è è 10.10.10.3/24 1...

  • Page 23

    2.3.4. Addressing hints in large and complex networks with numerous repeaters, individual routing tables may become long and difficult to comprehend. To keep the routing tables simple, the addressing scheme should follow the layout of the radio network. More specifically, every group of ip addresses...

  • Page 24

    2.4. Serial scada protocols even when the scada devices are connected via serial port, communication remains secured and address-based in all directions (centre-rtu, rtu-centre, rtu-rtu). In router mode, ripex utilises a unique implementation of various scada protocols (modbus, iec101, dnp3, comli, ...

  • Page 25

    Important the anti-collision protocol feature is available only in the router mode. The bridge mode is suitable for simple master-slave arrangements with polling-type application protocol. 2.5. Combination of ip and serial communication ripex enables combination of ip and serial protocols within a s...

  • Page 26

    Opened tcp connections between the ripex and the locally connected application up to 10 on each terminal server. 2.6. Diagnostics & network management ripex radiomodem offers a wide range of built-in diagnostics and network management tools. 2.6.1. Logs there are ‘neighbours’ and statistic logs in r...

  • Page 27

    See chapter ripex app notes, snmp for racom ripex 1 for more. Mib table can be found there too. 2.6.4. Ping to diagnose the individual radio links ripex is equipped with an enhanced ping tool. In addition to the standard info such as the number of sent and received packets or the round trip time, it...

  • Page 28

    However a software key may have to be purchased and applied to activate the new functionality or the upgrade itself (see the next chapter). See chapter adv. Conf., firmware for more. 2.8. Software feature keys certain advanced ripex features are activated with software keys. Sw feature keys enable t...

  • Page 29: 3. Network Planning

    3. Network planning the significance of planning for even a small radio network is often neglected. A typical scenario in such cases goes as follows – there's not enough time (sometimes money) to do proper planning, so the network construction is started right away while decisions on antennas etc. A...

  • Page 30

    Centre rtu config. Pc rtu dummy antenna fig. 3.1: application bench test 3.2. Frequency often the frequency is simply given. If there is a choice, using the optimum frequency range can make a significant difference. Let us make a brief comparison of the most used uhf frequency bands. 160 mhz the bes...

  • Page 31

    Bunch of trees in the middle, (which would be a fatal problem for e.G. An 11 ghz microwave). 900 mhz also penetrates buildings quite well, in an industrial environment full of steel and concrete it may be the best choice. The signal gets “everywhere” thanks to many reflections, unfortunately there i...

  • Page 32

    Db (10 m cable rg-58 cu, 400 mhz) -3.1 - rx antenna feeder loss [db] dbm received signal strength (rss) = -88.8 the available tx output power and guaranteed rx sensitivity level for the given data rate have to be declared by the radio manufacturer. Ripex values can be found in table 4.6, “technical ...

  • Page 33

    3.4. Multipath propagation, dq multipath propagation is the arch-enemy of uhf data networks. The signal coming out of the receiving antenna is always a combination of multiple signals. The transmitted signal arrives via different paths, by the various non-los ways of propagation. Different paths hav...

  • Page 34

    3.4.1. How to battle with multipath propagation? The first step is the diagnosis. We have to realize we are in trouble and only a field measurement can tell us that. We should forget about software tools and simply assume that a multipath problem may appear on every non-los hop in the network. These...

  • Page 35

    Lematic site seems to be usable after all (e.G. It can pass commissioning tests), it will keep generating problems for ever, hence it is very prudent to do something about it as early as possible. Note never design hops where a directional antenna is used for a direction outside its main lobe. Howev...

  • Page 36

    For the benefit of the network operation. The following options should be considered when defining the layout of a radio network: • placing a single repeater, which serves most of the network, on the top of a hill is a straightforward and very common option. Sometimes it is the only feasible option....

  • Page 37

    M centre fig. 3.7: isolated branches – more robust layout • in report-by-exception networks the load of hops connecting the centre to major repeaters forms the bottle-neck of total network capacity. Moving these hops to another channel, or, even better, to a wire (fibre, microwave) links can multipl...

  • Page 38

    • both vegetation and construction can grow. Especially when planning a high data rate hop which requires a near-los terrain profile, take into consideration the possible future growth of obstacles. • when the signal passes a considerable amount of vegetation (e.G. A 100m strip of forest), think of ...

  • Page 39

    • do not underestimate ageing of coaxial cables, especially at higher frequencies. Designing a 900 mhz site with 30 m long antenna cable run outdoors would certainly result in trouble two years later. • we recommend to use vertical polarization for all radio modem networks. 3.8. Recommended values t...

  • Page 40: 4. Product

    4. Product ripex is built into a rugged die-cast aluminium casing that allows for multiple installation possibilities, see section 6.1, “mounting”. 4.1. Dimensions fig. 4.1: ripex dimensions ripex radio modem & router – © racom s.R.O. 40 product.

  • Page 41

    Fig. 4.2: ripex dimensions – bottom din 35 rail din rail clip 134 150 118 58 50 fig. 4.3: ripex with din rail 41 © racom s.R.O. – ripex radio modem & router product.

  • Page 42

    Fig. 4.4: ripex dimensions with connectors for more information see section 6.1.1, “din rail mounting” and section 6.1.2, “flat mounting” ripex radio modem & router – © racom s.R.O. 42 product.

  • Page 43

    4.2. Connectors all connectors are located on the front panel. The upper side features an led panel. The reset button is located in an opening in the bottom side. Hw alarm output hw alarm input + – sleep input com1 com2 eth management wifi adapter eth/usb adapter antenna 10 – 30vdc + + eth fig. 4.5:...

  • Page 44

    Fig. 4.7: separated rx and tx antennas warning: ripex radio modem may be damaged when operated without an antenna or a dummy load. 4.2.2. Power and control this rugged connector connects to a power supply and it contains control signals. A plug with screw- terminals and retaining screws for power an...

  • Page 45

    1 2 3 4 5 6 pin no.: 7 si ai - + a0 + - 10–30vdc fig. 4.8: supply connector wire ports (7) retaining screws (2) lead binding screws (7) fig. 4.9: power and control - cable plug 1 2 3 4 5 6 pin no.: 7 si ai - + a0 + - 10–30vdc sleep input sleep input sleep input is the digital input for activating th...

  • Page 46

    The power pins labelled + and - serve to connect a power supply 10–30 vdc. The requirements for a power supply are defined in section 6.6, “power supply” and section 4.4, “technical specification”. 4.2.3. Eth standard rj45 connector for ethernet connection. Ripex has 10/100 baset auto mdi/mdix inter...

  • Page 47

    Ripex keeps pin 6 dsr at the level of 1 by rs232 standard permanently. 4.2.5. Usb ripex uses usb 1.1, host a interface. Usb interface is wired as standard: 1 2 3 4 fig. 4.12: serial connector tab. 4.4: usb pin description wire signal usb pin red +5 v 1 white data(−) 2 green data (+) 3 black gnd 4 th...

  • Page 48

    Note whenever an fw file (.Cpio) is found in the root directory of the disc, the upgrade is executed automatically, regardless of the version of the currently active fw. If more than one fw file is found, the latest version is used. Remember to remove the fw files from the disk root when you do not ...

  • Page 49

    4.3. Indication leds fig. 4.15: indication leds tab. 4.5: key to leds description color the ripex os (linux) is running succesfuly green status reset button has been pressed dark reset after five-seconds pressing the reset button green flashes slowly default access after 15-seconds pressing the rese...

  • Page 50

    4.4. Technical specification tab. 4.6: technical parameters radio parameters 135–154; 154–174; 300–320; 320–340; 340–360; 368–400; 400–432; 432–470; 470–512; 928–960 [1] mhz – detail frequency bands 6.25 / 12.5 / 25 / 50 khz [3] channel spacing ±1.0 ppm frequency stability detail linear: 16deqam, d8...

  • Page 51

    50 khz @ −3 db bw anti-aliasing selectivity tx to rx time 20 dbm (100 mw) maximum receiver input power rx spurious emissions (conducted) radiated spurious emissions detail blocking or desensitization > 70 db spurious response rejection [1] not available yet, [2] for output power 10 w it is recommend...

  • Page 52

    −40 to +70 °c (−40 to +158 °f) operating temperature 5 to 95 % non-condensing operating humidity −40 to +85 °c (−40 to +185 °f) / 5 to 95 % non-condensing storage mechanical rugged die-cast aluminium casing 50 h × 150 w × 118 mm d (1.97× 5.9 × 4.65 in) dimensions 1.1 kg (2.4 lbs) weight din rail, l-...

  • Page 53

    Standards ce, fcc etsi en 300 113-2 v1.5.1 spectrum (art 3.2) fcc part 90 etsi en 301 489-1 v1.9.2 emc (electromagnetic compatibility) (art 3.1.B) etsi en 301 489-5 v1.3.1 en 60950-1:2006 safety (art 3.1.A) en 60950–1:2006/a11:2009, en 60950–1:2006/a12:2011, en 60950–1:2006/a1:2010 tab. 4.7: recomme...

  • Page 54

    4.4.1. Detailed radio parameters the very first parameter which is often required for consideration is the receiver sensitivity. Anyone interested in the wireless data transmission probably aware what this parameter means, but we should regard it simultaneously in its relation to other receiver para...

  • Page 55

    Tab. 4.9: fcc+ce 50 khz fcc+ce 50 khz rx blocking or desensitization [dbm] sensitivity [dbm] classification ±10 mhz ±5 mhz ±1 mhz ber 10 -6 ber 10 -3 ber 10 -2 modulation fec kbps -15 -16 -16 -108 -112 -115 2cpfsk 0.75 15.62 -15 -16 -17 -107 -111 -113 2cpfsk 1.00 20.83 -15 -21 -21 -103 -107 -110 4cp...

  • Page 56

    Tab. 4.10: ce 25 khz ce 25 khz rx blocking or desensitization [dbm] sensitivity [dbm] classification ±10 mhz ±5 mhz ±1 mhz ber 10 -6 ber 10 -3 ber 10 -2 modulation fec kbps -5 -6 -8 -111 -115 -118 2cpfsk 0.75 7.81 -7 -8 -10 -110 -114 -117 2cpfsk 1.00 10.42 -7 -9 -9 -107 -112 -115 4cpfsk 0.75 15.63 -...

  • Page 57

    Tab. 4.11: ce 12.5 khz ce 12.5 khz rx blocking or desensitization [dbm] sensitivity [dbm] classification ±10 mhz ±5 mhz ±1 mhz ber 10 -6 ber 10 -3 ber 10 -2 modulation fec kbps -3 -4 -6 -113 -117 -120 2cpfsk 0.75 3.91 -5 -6 -8 -112 -116 -119 2cpfsk 1.00 5.21 -5 -6 -6 -108 -114 -117 4cpfsk 0.75 7.81 ...

  • Page 58

    Tab. 4.12: ce 6.25 khz ce 6.25 khz rx blocking or desensitization [dbm] sensitivity [dbm] classification ±10 mhz ±5 mhz ±1 mhz ber 10 -6 ber 10 -3 ber 10 -2 modulation fec kbps +5.5 +1.0 -0.5 -114 -120 -122 2cpfsk 0.75 1.96 +4.0 -1.0 -2.5 -113 -119 -121 2cpfsk 1.00 2.61 +5.0 -0.0 -1.5 -111 -116 -119...

  • Page 59

    Tab. 4.13: fcc 25 khz fcc 25 khz rx blocking or desensitization [dbm] sensitivity [dbm] classification ±10 mhz ±5 mhz ±1 mhz ber 10 -6 ber 10 -3 ber 10 -2 modulation fec kbps -0 -1 -3 -108 -113 -116 4cpfsk 0.75 15.63 -1 -2 -5 -105 -111 -114 4cpfsk 1.00 20.83 -1 -2 -4 -107 -111 -114 π/4-dqpsk 0.75 26...

  • Page 60

    Fcc 12.5 khz tx 26 db bandwidth obw 99% [khz] classification emission modulation kbps 11.3 8.7 8k90f1d 4cpfsk 10.42 11.3 9.83 10k0g1d π/4-dqpsk 17.36 11.2 9.87 10k0g1d d8psk 26.04 11.3 9.88 10k0g1d 16deqam 34.72 tab. 4.15: fcc 6.25 khz fcc 6.25 khz rx blocking or desensitization [dbm] sensitivity [d...

  • Page 61

    Tab. 4.16: narrow 25 khz narrow 25 khz rx blocking or desensitization [dbm] sensitivity [dbm] classification ±10 mhz ±5 mhz ±1 mhz ber 10 -6 ber 10 -3 ber 10 -2 modulation fec kbps -5 -6 -8 -111 -115 -118 2cpfsk 0.75 7.81 -7 -8 -10 -110 -114 -117 2cpfsk 1.00 10.42 -7 -9 -9 -107 -112 -115 4cpfsk 0.75...

  • Page 62

    5. The radio circuits in ripex were designed to provide protection from the output of the power amplifier and no oscillation, no damage into infinite vswr at any phase angle occurs. 6. Obw 99% (occupied bandwidth) - the bandwidth containing 99% of the total integrated power of the transmitted spectr...

  • Page 63

    4.5. Model offerings ripex radio modem has been designed to have minimum possible number of hardware variants. Dif- ferent hw models are determined by frequency, internal gps and separate connectors for rx and tx antennas. Upgrade of functionality does not result in on-site hardware changes – it is ...

  • Page 64

    Com2 – enables the second serial interface configurable as rs232 or rs485 (part no. Ripex- sw-com2) 10w – enables rf output power 10 w for cpsk modulations (part no. Ripex-sw-10w) backup routes – enables backup routes (part no. Ripex-sw-backup routes) master – enables all functionalities of all poss...

  • Page 65

    Ripex-hs – 19" hot standby chassis, ripex units excl., pow.Supplies incl. (has got its own ordering codes, see ripex-hs user manual) ripex-hsb – 19" battery pack chassis for ripex-hs, batteries excl. 65 © racom s.R.O. – ripex radio modem & router product.

  • Page 66

    4.6. Accessories 1. Ripex hot standby ripex-hs is redundant hot standby chassis. There are two hot-stand-by standard ripex units inside. In case of a detection of failure, automatic switchover between ripex units sis performed. Ripex-hs is suitable for central sites, repeaters or important remote si...

  • Page 67

    3. Fig. 4.19: wifi dapter wifi adapter wifi adapter for service access to the web interface via usb con- nector. Includes a built-in dhcp server which provides up to 5 leases. To access the ripex always use the fixed ip 10.9.8.7. For details on use see section 5.3, “connecting ripex to a programming...

  • Page 68

    External fan kit for additional cooling in extreme temperatures. For connection see chapter con- nectors. Fig. 4.21: fan kit mounting 150 88 142 79 55 fig. 4.22: ripex with fan kit 6. Fig. 4.23: l-bracket l-bracket installation l bracket for vertical mounting. For details on use see chapter mounting...

  • Page 69

    133 124 60 122 l - bracket 32 100 fig. 4.24: ripex with l-bracket 7. Fig. 4.25: flat bracket flat-bracket installation bracket for flat mounting. For details on use see chapter mounting. 95 174 184 flat - bracket 134 150 118 58 50 70 fig. 4.26: ripex with flat-bracket 69 © racom s.R.O. – ripex radio...

  • Page 70

    95 174 184 8 70 75,4 2×o4,5 4×m3 / 101 fig. 4.27: flat-bracket dimensions 8. 19" rack shelf – single • 1,6u (70 mm) high • ready for assembly with one ripex • weight 2.5 kg (without power supply and ripex) • can be assembled with power supply ○ 100 – 256 v ac / 24 v dc ○ 230 v ac / 24 v dc ○ 48 v dc...

  • Page 71

    Fig. 4.29: 19" rack shelf – dimensions 9. 19" rack shelf – double • 1,6u (70 mm) high • ready for assembly with two ripex’es • can be assembled with power supplies ○ 100 – 256 v ac / 24 v dc ○ 230 v ac / 24 v dc ○ 48 v dc / 24 v dc ○ ms2000/12 + back up battery 7.2 ah 71 © racom s.R.O. – ripex radio...

  • Page 72

    Fig. 4.30: 19" rack shelf – double fig. 4.31: 19" rack shelf–double – dimensions ripex radio modem & router – © racom s.R.O. 72 product.

  • Page 73

    10. Fig. 4.32: dummy load dummy load antenna dummy load antenna for ripex is used to test the config- uration on a desk. It is unsuitable for higher output – use transmitting output of 0.1 w only. 11. Feedline cable feedline cable is 50 cm long and is made from the rg58 coaxial cable. There are tnc ...

  • Page 74: 5. Bench Test

    5. Bench test 5.1. Connecting the hardware before installing a ripex network in the field, a bench-test should be performed in the lab. The ripex demo case is great for this as it contains everything necessary: 3 ripex’s, power supply, dummy load antennas, etc. If you use your own installation for l...

  • Page 75

    1. Using the external wifi adapter 2. Using the external eth/usb adapter 3. Directly over the ethernet interface https://192.168.169.169 pc 192.168.169.250 https://10.9.8.7 pc dhcp https://10.9.8.7 pc dhcp fig. 5.2: connecting to a pc over eth and over wifi or eth/usb adapter 1. Pc connected via wif...

  • Page 76

    Start > settings > network connections > local area connections right click > properties > general select internet protocol (tcp/ip) > properties > general ip address 192.168.169.250 - for ripex in the default state subnet mask 255.255.255.0 default gateway leave empty ok (internet protocol properti...

  • Page 77

    Certificate. You must install this certificate into your web browser (mozilla firefox, internet explorer). The first time you connect to the ripex, your computer will ask you for au- thorisation to import the certificate into your computer. The certificate is signed by the certification authority ra...

  • Page 78

    5. Ip address unknown if you don’t have the adapter or you have forgotten the password, you can reset the access para- meters to defaults, see section 4.2.6, “reset button”. 5.4. Basic setup for the first functionality test we recommend that you use the setup wizard. The wizard will guide you throug...

  • Page 79: 6. Installation

    6. Installation step-by-step checklist 1. Mount ripex into cabinet (section 6.1, “mounting”). 2. Install antenna (section 6.2, “antenna mounting”). 3. Install feed line (section 6.3, “antenna feed line”). 4. Ensure proper grounding (section 6.4, “grounding”). 5. Run cables and plug-in all connectors...

  • Page 80

    Fig. 6.3: vertical widthwise mounting to din rail fig. 6.4: vertical lengthwise mounting to din rail for more information see section 4.6, “accessories” – l-bracket. 6.1.2. Flat mounting for flat mounting directly to the support you must use the flat bracket (an optional accessory). Fig. 6.5: flat m...

  • Page 81

    6.1.3. 19" rack mounting for installation into the 19" rack you can use the 19" rack shelf – single or 19" rack shelf- double for one or two ripexes. 19" rack shelf is an optional accessory delivered with/without a power supply. Fig. 6.7: rack shelf 6.1.4. Fan kit in extreme temperatures you can ins...

  • Page 82

    1 2 3 4 5 6 pin no.: 7 si ai - + a0 + - red black 10–30vdc fan kit fig. 6.9: fan kit using alarm output, recommended red black 1 2 3 4 5 6 pin no.: 7 si ai - + a0 + - 10–30vdc fan kit fig. 6.10: fan kit, always on 6.2. Antenna mounting the type of antenna best suited for the individual sites of your...

  • Page 83

    The shorter the feed line, the better. Ripex can be installed right next to the antenna and an ethernet cable can be used to connect it to the rest of the installation and to power the ripex . An ethernet cable can also be used for other protocols utilising the serial port, see advanced configuratio...

  • Page 84: 7. Advanced Configuration

    7. Advanced configuration this chapter is identical with the content of helps for individual menu. 7.1. Menu header 7.1.1. Generally ripex can be easily managed from your computer using any web browser (mozilla firefox, microsoft internet explorer, etc.). If there is an ip connection between the com...

  • Page 85

    Connect action button to connect to the remote ripex, which is specified by the ip address in the remote box. The unit name in "values from" box is changed accordingly afterwards. Disconnect when a remote ripex is sucessfully connected, the disconnect button shows up. When the disconnect process is ...

  • Page 86

    Refresh - complete refresh of displayed values is performed. 7.3. Settings fig. 7.3: menu settings 7.3.1. Device unit name default = noname each unit may have its unique name – an alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters. Although utf8 is supported, ascii character has to be used on the first posi...

  • Page 87

    Default = bridge bridge bridge mode is suitable for point-to-multipoint networks, where master-slave application with polling- type communication protocol is used. Ripex in bridge mode is as easy to use as a simple transparent device, while allowing for a reasonable level of communication reliabilit...

  • Page 88

    Looping. These measures are not taken when the parameter "number of repeaters" is zero, i.E. In a network without repeaters. • stream in this mode, the incoming bytes from a com are immediately broadcast over the radio channel. Com port driver does not wait for the end of a frame. When the first byt...

  • Page 89

    Note: the acknowledgement/retransmission scheme is an embedded part of the radio protocol and works independently of any retries at higher protocol levels (e.G. Tcp or user application protocol) ○ off there is no requirement to receive ack from the receiving ripex. I.E. The packet is transmitted onl...

  • Page 90

    Note 1: when frame closing is set to stream, tx delay is not active. Note 2: there was the tx delay [ms] parameter in fw versions 1.3.X.X and older. It is not compatible with the tx delay length [bytes]. The tx delay probability is set to default (=0, off) during a fw up- grade and it has to be set ...

  • Page 91

    ○ start time [hh:mm:ss] fill in the time in the required format when auto toggle mode starts on ”start date“ day. ○ period [min.] minimum value 60 min. Within this period units “a” and “b” will change their activities over. Unit “a” starts to operate at “start date and time”. When “period” minus “un...

  • Page 92

    ■ internal gps – the source of time is the internal gps. In this case only ripex time zone and daylight saving parameters below are active. ○ source ip default = empty ip address of the ntp server, which provides time source. Date and time will be requested by ripex from there. More ntp servers can ...

  • Page 93

    ` (grave accent) \ (backslash) $ (dollar symbol) ; (semicolon) (space) when there is not any char. Filled, default value (public) is used. • snmp trap list box: off, on default = off if “on”, snmp alarm traps are activated. They are transmitted for watched values according to the settings in alarm m...

  • Page 94

    List box: off, on default = off if “on”, a standard layer 2 linux firewall is activated. ○ filter mode list box: blacklist, whitelist default = blacklist ■ blacklist the mac addresses listed in the table are blocked, i.E. All packets to/from them are discarded. The traffic to/from other mac addresse...

  • Page 95

    Default = default default – default (recommended) values are set and can not be edited. Manual – thresholds can be set manually. However there are individual min. And max. Threshold values for each item. When your settings are out of the possible interval, the web interface will give you a warning a...

  • Page 96

    The “on” setting of this parameter disables any other assignment to the hardware alarm output. The “unit ready” parameter cannot be activated in the hot standby mode, since the hardware alarm output controls the hot standby switch. Power management • power supply mode list box: always on, save mode,...

  • Page 97

    Note: it is possible to put ripex into save state anytime using the respective cli command ○ reset timeout on received packets list box: on, off default = off if “on”, the “timeout from wake-up” is reset whenever a packet is received or transmitted over the radio channel channel by the ripex in the ...

  • Page 98

    ■ 802.11g 2.4 ghz frequency band, data speed up to 54 mbps ■ 802.11n 802.11n is an advanced ieee standard in the 2,4 ghz wifi band. It was designed to improve on 802.11g in the amount of bandwidth (100 mbps) supported by utilizing multiple wireless signals and antennas. ○ channel your wifi can work ...

  • Page 99

    ○ neighbours&statistic log save period [min] default = 1440 min (1 day) [10 - 7200 min] this is the period, in which neighbours and statistics logs are saved in the archive and cleared and new logs start from the beginning. Note1: the history files are organized in a ring buffer. Whenever a new file...

  • Page 100

    Single – a single detail graph file can be manually started. After apply here, go to diagnost- ic/graph where a start/stop button is available continual – detail graph files are periodically saved in the same way as overview graph files are. Management • parameters list box: default, manual default ...

  • Page 101

    * active only when in router mode ** these items have to be set in accordance with the license issued by the respective radio regulatory authority ip* default = 10.10.10.169 ip address of radio interface mask* default = 255.255.255.0 network mask of radio interface tx frequency** transmitting freque...

  • Page 102

    The "mode" menu conveniently groups the settings optimal for common internationally recognized standards. The detailed technical parameters for each setting can be found in the ripex user manual. List box: possible values default = ce ○ ce settings optimized for etsi standards and similar ○ fcc sett...

  • Page 103

    Default = off optimization is applicable in router mode for packets directed to radio channel. It watches packets on individual radio links and optimizes both the traffic to the counterpart of a link and the sharing of the radio channel capacity among the links. On an individual link the optimizer s...

  • Page 104

    Packet(s) is (are) transmitted fragment-size long, the last packet contains the remaining bytes. The reassembly of the fragments into the original packet normally takes place in the unit at the end of the path. Reducing the maximum length of a frame on a radio link may improve its performance under ...

  • Page 105

    Server dhcp (dynamic host configuration protocol) server in ripex sets network configuration (ip address, mask, gateway) in connected dhcp clients. They have to be connected to the same lan as the eth interface of ripex. The mask set is the same as on ripex eth, the gateway is the ip address of eth ...

  • Page 106

    Run locally between modbus master and ripex in modbus tcp network. Read help and application note modbus in ripex. For more information refer to the manual application note / modbus tcp 1 . ** - denotes items to be used only when either all or some rtus (remote telemetry unit) on remote sites are co...

  • Page 107

    When the ip destination address of the udp datagram, in which serial scada message received from com1(2) is encapsulated, is created, this base ip is taken as the basis and only the part defined by mask is replaced by 'protocol address'. ■ mask default = 255.255.255.0 a part of base ip address defin...

  • Page 108

    Terminal servers* generally a terminal server (also referred to as a serial server) enables connection of devices with serial interface to a ripex over the local area network (lan). It is a virtual substitute for devices used as serial-to-tcp(udp) converters. Examples of the use: a scada application...

  • Page 109

    Tcp proxy* compared to udp, the tcp protocol generates more load (longer headers, extra handshake datagrams), which in some circumstances may significantly reduce the user data throughput in a narrowband radio modem network. The tcp proxy module converts tcp to udp (and vice-versa) so that only udp ...

  • Page 110

    Arp proxy & vlan • general description • arp proxy (router mode only) when a remote device connected over a router-mode ripex network does not support routing (i.E. The default gateway cannot be configured), the narrowest possible subnet should be configured on the respective eth interface of the ri...

  • Page 111

    To create vlan click on add vlan. The new vlan line appears. Each vlan can have its subnets. Network overlapping among subnets is possible. When overlapping, the subnet with the narrowest mask takes effect for respective ip. ○ interface.Vlan id behind decimal point in eth0. Fill in vlan id. Values 1...

  • Page 112

    ○ modify add subnet creates the new subnet line. Add vlan creates the new vlan line. Delete deletes respective line. The vlan lines can be sorted using up and down arrows. 7.3.4. Com's * active only when router mode the com ports in ripex are served by special daemons, which are connected to the ip ...

  • Page 113

    Default = 19200 select baud rate from the list box: 300 to 115200 bps rates are available. Serial ports use two-level (binary) signaling, so the data rate in bits per second is equal to the symbol rate in bauds data bits list box: 8, 7 default = 8 the number of data bits in each character. Parity li...

  • Page 114

    Flow control list box: none, rts/cts default = none rts/cts (request to send / clear to send) hardware flow control (handshake) between the dte (data terminal equipment) and ripex (dce - data communications equipment) can be enabled in order to pause and resume the transmission of data. If rx buffer...

  • Page 115

    There and they are typically forwarded as unicasts to radio channel to their destination. When the gateway defined in the routing table belongs to the ethernet lan, udp datagrams are rather forwarded to the ethernet interface. After reaching the gateway (typically a ripex router again), the datagram...

  • Page 116

    List box: on, off default = off some master scada units sends broadcast messages to all slave units. Scada application typically uses a specific address for such messages. Ripex (protocol utility) converts such message to a customized ip broadcast and broadcasts it to all ripex units resp. To all sc...

  • Page 117

    Dresses” should be translated to the same ip address and udp port pair, where the multiple scada units are connected. There are 3 possibilities how to fill in the line in the table: − one "protocol address" to one "ip address" (e.G.: 56 −−> 192.168.20.20) − interval of "protocol addresses" to one "i...

  • Page 118

    • parameters ○ destination ip this is ip address of destination ripex, either eth or radio interface. ○ udp port (interface) this is udp port number which is used as destination udp port in udp datagram in which packet received from com1(2) is encapsulated. C24 c24 is a serial polling-type communica...

  • Page 119

    Underlined parameters are described in common parameters. Mode of connected device master broadcast note: there is not the possibility to set broadcast address, since cactus broadcast messages always have the address 0x00. Hence when the broadcast is on, packets with this destination are handled as ...

  • Page 120

    According to the df1 specification, packets for the destination address 0xff are considered broadcasts. Hence when broadcast is on, packets with this destination are handled as broadcasts. Address translation table mask • advanced parameters ○ ack locally list box: off, on default = on if "on", ack ...

  • Page 121

    ○ address mode even if iec 870-5-101 is the standard, there are some users which customized this standard according their needs. When addressed byte has been moved, ripex has to read it on the correct location. ■ iec101 address byte location according to iec 870-5-101 standard. Broadcast from master...

  • Page 122

    • wait timeout [ms] default = 5000 an itt flygt slave sometimes sends the wait command (0x13) to its master. The ripex does not accept the next wait command (discards it), till the wait timeout does not expire. The re- commended value is in the 1-10 seconds range. Modbus modbus rtu is a serial polli...

  • Page 123

    Master • local simulation rb list box: off, on default = off the rp570 protocol master very often transmits the rb packets (hold packets) solely to check whether slaves are connected. In order to minimize the radio channel load, the ripex can be configured to respond to these packets locally and not...

  • Page 124

    Default = 200 (maximum=8190) ripex sends locally rb packets to the connected rtu in the set period. • rb response timeout [ms] default = 500 (maximum=8190) the ripex expects a response to the rb packet within the set timeout. If it is not received, the ripex does not respond to rb packets from the m...

  • Page 125

    When address position is calculated, the bytes added by escape se- quence algorithm are not taken into account. Note 2: the first byte in the packet has the sequence number 1, not 0. Broadcast address translation table mask slave broadcast accept • dle timeout [ms] default = 1000 (min. 300, max. 819...

  • Page 126

    Port configuration of 8 data bits, no parity 6 and flow control 7 . Slip does not provide error detection 8 , being reliant on other high-layer protocols for this. A slip connection needs to have its ip address 9 configuration set each time before it is established. • local ip ip address assigned to...

  • Page 127

    • address mask (hex) when the address mode is binary 2 bytes, a 16-bit value is read from the scada protocol message according to the address mode setting (either the msb or the lsb first), the resulting value is then bit-masked by the address mask and used as the input value for scada to ip ad- dre...

  • Page 128

    7.4. Routing routing table is active only when router mode (settings/device/operating mode) is set. In such a case ripex works as a standard ip router with 2 independent interfaces: radio and eth. Each interface has its own mac address, ip address and mask. Ip packets are then processed according th...

  • Page 129

    Routes destination, mask, gateway each ip packet, received by ripex through any interface (radio, eth, com1 or com2), has got a destination ip address. Ripex (router) forwards the received packet either directly to the destination ip address or to the respective gateway, according to the routing tab...

  • Page 130

    Backup ripex is capable to test path between two ripex ip addresses (even behind a repeater or lan). When the connection fails, ripex automatically uses alternative gateway(s) defined in the alternative paths column with the priority according to the line sequence. The system always tries to use the...

  • Page 131

    List box: possible values default = 87.5 when a lower percentage of hello packets than set has been delivered to the counterpart, the unit switches to the next alternative gateway in the line. (the info about successfully delivered outbound hello packets are carried by received hello packets) ○ rss ...

  • Page 132

    7.5. Diagnostic 7.5.1. Neighbours and statistic fig. 7.10: menu neighbours neighbours and statistics follow the same pattern. Most importantly, they share a common time frame. One log save period and one difference log (pair of clear and display buttons) apply to both logs. For both logs there is a ...

  • Page 133

    Notice, that the log start, last upd. And log uptime labels at the top change to diff. Start, diff. Upd. And diff. Uptime when the difference log is displayed. They show the respective values for difference log. • history there is a possibility to display history logs using standard buttons. They ar...

  • Page 134

    • red background indicates, that the item is monitored for alarm and its average value is in the alarm range (settings/device/alarm management) • when the value of rss, dq, ucc, temp, pwr, vswr is not known, n/a is displayed. These n/a values are not displayed in graphs • ucc, temp, pwr, vswr are re...

  • Page 135

    Statistic fig. 7.11: menu statistic statistic log provides information about communication on all interfaces: radio, eth, com1, com2 and eth protocols (modus tcp, terminal servers, tcp proxy). Vlan packets are part of eth. Balloon tips provide on line help for all column names. These tips explain th...

  • Page 136

    7.5.2. Graphs graphs functions as well as meanings of overview, detail, sampling period are described in the help settings/device. Fig. 7.12: menu graphs • sampling period here just for information, to be set in settings/graphs. • file period file period corresponds to the time, for which the values...

  • Page 137

    List of ip addresses of ripex units from which the graph values are available. The list of recorded units can be set in settings/device/graphs. More in help settings/device. • 1st line list box: possible values default = txlost there is a list of values, which can be displayed. These values are also...

  • Page 138

    7.5.3. Tools ping fig. 7.13: menu ping ping (packet internet groper) is a utility used to test the reachability of a particular host on an ip network. It operates by sending echo request packets to the target host and waiting for an echo response. In the process it measures the rtt (round trip time ...

  • Page 139

    ■ ping type list box: icmp, rss default = rss ○ icmp this is a standard icmp (internet control message protocol) ping. It can be used against either ripex or any device connected to ripex radio network. ○ rss rss ping type uses a special udp packets and provides extension report which includes: • rs...

  • Page 140

    Time = rtt (round trip time), the time from transmission of icmp echo request to reception of icmp echo response • statistic report: "5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4002ms" "rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 327.229/377.519/462.590/45.516 ms" time = total time of ping utility (from sta...

  • Page 141

    "rtt histogram (time interval in sec.: %, count)" " 0.000 - 2.500: 100.00% 5" xxxxxxxxxx " 2.500 - 5.000: 0.00% 0" " 5.000 - 7.500: 0.00% 0" " 7.500 - 10.000: 0.00% 0" "10.000 - inf: 0.00% 0" there is the distribution of rtt (round trip times) of received pings. Time intervals in the table are 1/4 o...

  • Page 142

    Com1, com2), some internal interfaces between software modules can be monitored when such ad- vanced diagnostics is needed. Monitoring output can be viewed on-line or saved to a file in the ripex (e.G. A remote ripex) and downloaded later. Description of internal interfaces can be found below. ■ int...

  • Page 143

    ○ ip dst ip destination address range in the following format: aaa.Bbb.Ccc.Ddd/mask ○ port src tcp/udp source port (range) in the following format: aaaa(-bbbb) ○ port dst tcp/udp destination port (range) in the following format: aaaa(-bbbb) ○ include reverse tick box. When ticked, the frames defined...

  • Page 144

    List box: on, off default = off • off – radio link control frames (e.G. Ack frames) are never displayed. • on – radio link control frames which pass the other monitoring filters are displayed ○ bridge mode ○ router mode tick boxes. When radio interface is in the promiscuous mode, the unit is capable...

  • Page 145

    ■ internal - radio (router): ○ headers: list box: none, packet (ip), frame (eth) default: none • none – only the payload data is displayed, e.G. The data part of a udp datagram. • packet (ip) – headers up to packet layer are included, i.E. The full ip packet is displayed. • frame (eth) – the full et...

  • Page 146

    Internal interfaces are the interfaces between a sw module and the central router module. All these interfaces can be located in fig. 1 below: com ports module router & bridge module terminal & modbus tcp servers & tcp proxy radio channel module com1 com2 eth radio virtual com/tcp ethernet radio mod...

  • Page 147

    "bridge stream db-header" is header of data block transmitted while operating mode is bridge and frame closing (com's) is stream. Displayed while "radio" (rx) interface is monitored as part of a packet header. ○ data crc error data crc error. Displayed while "radio" (rx) interface is monitored as pa...

  • Page 148

    Displayed while "internal-radio" (tx) interface is being monitored as part of a packet header. ○ frame reception cancelled monitoring of eth interface has been stopped. Probably because of unsupported or wrong 'tcpdump' syntax in monitoring/eth/advanced parameters/user rule. Can be displayed on an i...

  • Page 149

    7.6. Maintenance 7.6.1. Sw feature keys fig. 7.16: menu sw feature keys certain advanced ripex features have to be activated by software keys. On the right side one may see the list of available keys and their respective status values. Possible status values are: • not present • active • active (tim...

  • Page 150

    7.6.2. Configuration fig. 7.17: menu maintenance configuration • unit ○ back up – back up saves the active configuration into a backup file in the unit. ○ restore – configuration saved in the backup file in the unit is activated and the unit reboots itself. ○ factory settings – sets the factory defa...

  • Page 151

    • upload to archive – fill in firmware file, or browse your disk in order to find the file. When a file is selected and the “upload to archive” button pressed, it is uploaded and becomes the archive firmware. Note it is recommended to do this only over reliable ethernet connections and not over the ...

  • Page 152

    It is highly recommended to change default password (admin) even if the user name remains always the same (admin). When the apply button is pressed, the unit reboots. 7.6.5. Miscellaneous • reboot – when pressed, the unit correctly shuts down and starts again (performs the cold start which equals to...

  • Page 153

    7.6.8. Technical support package fig. 7.20: menu maintenance configuration technical support package is the file where some internal events are recorded. It can be used by racom technical support when a deeper diagnostic is required. The most recent part of it can be downloaded to the local pc. • lo...

  • Page 154: 8. Cli Configuration

    8. Cli configuration cli interface (command line interface) is an alternative to web access. You can work with the cli interface in text mode using an appropriate client, either ssh (putty) or telnet. Cli “login” and “password” are the same as those for web access via browser. Access using ssh keys ...

  • Page 155: 9. Troubleshooting

    9. Troubleshooting 1. I don’t know what my ripex’s ip is – how do i connect? • use the "x5" – external eth/usb adapter and a pc as a dhcp client. Type 10.9.8.7 into your browser’s location field. • alternatively, you can reset your ripex to default access by pressing the reset button for a long time...

  • Page 156

    Arp -d 192.168.169.169 or delete the entire table by typing: arp -d * then you can ping the newly connected ripex again. 5. I have assigned the ripex a new ip address and my pc lost connection to it. • change the pc’s ip address so that it is on the same subnet as the ripex. 6. I entered the router ...

  • Page 157

    10. Safety, environment, licensing 10.1. Frequency the radio modem must be operated only in accordance with the valid frequency license issued by na- tional frequency authority and all radio parametres have to be set exactly as listed. Important use of frequencies between 406.0 and 406.1 mhz is worl...

  • Page 158

    160 mhz/2 m band – 5 w rf power 90 190 5.8 7.6 stacked double dipole ov160.2 90 200 6.3 8.0 5 element directional yagi sa160.3 150 330 17.8 12.5 9 element directional yagi sa160.5 160 mhz/2 m band – 4 w rf power dist. Where the fcc limits are met for gain g [–] gain g [dbi] antenna description anten...

  • Page 159

    160 mhz/2 m band – 1 w rf power 70 150 17.8 12.5 9 element directional yagi sa160.5 160 mhz/2 m band – 0.5 w rf power dist. Where the fcc limits are met for gain g [–] gain g [dbi] antenna description antenna code general population / controlled expos- ure [cm] general population / uncontrolled ex- ...

  • Page 160

    300–400 mhz/70 cm band – 4 w rf power 50 110 5.8 7.6 3 element directional yagi sa380.3 60 130 7.4 8.7 5 element directional yagi sa380.5 90 200 17.8 12.5 9 element directional yagi sa380.9 300–400 mhz/70 cm band – 3 w rf power dist. Where the fcc limits are met for gain g [–] gain g [dbi] antenna d...

  • Page 161

    300–400 mhz/70 cm band – 0.5 w rf power 15 30 2.9 4.6 single dipole ov380.1 20 40 5.8 7.6 stacked double dipole ov380.2 20 40 5.8 7.6 3 element directional yagi sa380.3 20 45 7.4 8.7 5 element directional yagi sa380.5 30 70 17.8 12.5 9 element directional yagi sa380.9 10.3. High temperature if the r...

  • Page 162

    10.5. Conditions of liability for defects and instructions for safe operation of equipment please read these safety instructions carefully before using the product: • liability for defects does not apply to any product that has been used in a manner which conflicts with the instructions contained in...

  • Page 163

    The program (binary version) is available for free on the contacts listed on http://www.Racom.Eu. This product contains open source or another software originating from third parties subject to gnu general public license (gpl), gnu library / lesser general public license (lgpl) and / or further auth...

  • Page 164

    Declaration of conformity – ripex www.Racom.Eu we declare under our own responsibility that the product manufacturer: racom address: mirova 1283, 592 31 nove mesto na morave, czech republic vat: cz46343423 racom s.R.O. • mirova 1283 • 592 31 nove mesto na morave • czech republic tel.: +420 565 659 5...

  • Page 165

    The ripex radio modem & router has been type accepted for operation by the fed- eral communications commission in accordance with title 47 part90 of the fcc rules. See the label on the unit for the specific fcc id and any other certification designations. 165 © racom s.R.O. – ripex radio modem & rou...

  • Page 166

    10.8. Country of origin country of origin declaration manufacturer: racom address: mirova 1283, 592 31 nove mesto na morave, czech republic vat no: cz46343423 we, the manufacturer, hereby declare that country of origin of the ray microwave links and its accessories is the czech republic, eu. Nove me...

  • Page 167

    10.9. Warranty racom-supplied parts or equipment ("equipment") is covered by warranty for inherently faulty parts and workmanship for a warranty period as stated in the delivery documentation from the date of dispatch to the customer. The warranty does not cover custom modifications to software. Dur...

  • Page 168: Appendix A. Oid Mappings

    Appendix a. Oid mappings "mib tables", and whole file "oid mappings" can be downloaded from: http://www.Racom.Eu/eng/products/radio-modem-ripex.Html#download 1 more details are described in application note: see ripex app notes, snmp 2 1 http://hnilux.Racom.Cz:3004/eng/products/radio-modem-ripex.Htm...

  • Page 169: Appendix B. Abbreviations

    Appendix b. Abbreviations mdix medium dependent interface crossover ack acknowledgement aes advanced encryption standard mib management information base nms network management system atm automated teller machine ber bit error rate n.C. Normally closed n.O. Normally open cli command line interface cr...

  • Page 170

    Tcp transmission control protocol ts5 terminal server 5 tx transmitter udp user datagram protocol vswr voltage standing wave ratio weee waste electrical and electronic equipment ripex radio modem & router – © racom s.R.O. 170 abbreviations.

  • Page 171: Index

    Index symbols 10. Feedline cable, 73 a accessories, 66 addressing bridge, 17 router, 21 alarm in/out, 45 management, 94 antenna, 43 dummy load, 73, 74 mounting, 82 separated, 63 b basic setup, 78 bench test, 74 brc com, 115 diagnostic, 98 tcp, 106 bridge, 14, 86 c com parameters, 112 protocols, 114 ...

  • Page 172

    Din rail, 79 rack, 70, 81 multipath propagation, 33 n neighbours, 98, 133 network example, 23 layout, 35 planning, 29 networkt management, 26 o ordering code, 63 output hw, 45 p part number, 63 password, 151 ping menu, 138 pooling, 14 power management, 96 product code, 63 conformity, 163 protocols c...

  • Page 173

    Appendix c. Revision history revision this manual was prepared to cover a specific version of firmware code. Accordingly, some screens and features may differ from the actual unit you are working with. While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this publication, product im...