Multi © raydon electronics raydon electronics ra-530 series (ra-531, ra-532, ra-535) multi-channel laptop pc battery charger and re-conditioner user manual v1.05 © raydon electronics technology co., ltd. All rights reserved r r a a y y d d o o n n.
This document version complies with the program revision 3.0x. The manual and software contain confidential information which represents trade secrets of raydon electronics and may not be copied or disclosed except as provided in the license with raydon electronics. The information in this document ...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 1 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n contents 1. ...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 2 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 4.4. Test ab...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 3 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 1. Introduct...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 4 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 1.2. Feature...
R r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 1.3. Specification charge and reconditioning number of channels constant current mode (cc) charge current range discharge current range current resolution current accuracy maximum voltage load constant vo...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 6 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 1.4. Testing...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 7 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 1.4.6. Capac...
R r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 2. Hardware introduction 2.1. Front panel the following picture illustrates the front panel of the the following picture illustrates the front panel of the raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +...
R r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n the following picture illustrates the front panel of the 2.1.1. Power area power raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 web site: email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn the f...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 10 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 2.1.2. Chan...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 11 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 2.1.3. Chan...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 12 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 2.2. Rear p...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 13 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n the followi...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 14 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 2.3. Access...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 15 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 2.4. Hardwa...
R r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 2.4.2. Power on after connected the line power and adjusted the located at the left hand side of the front panel. Before turning on the power. When the power is on, led in the green power at this time che...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 17 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3. Operatio...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 18 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.1.2. Chan...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 19 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.1.3. Chan...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 20 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.2. Channe...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 21 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.2.2. Batt...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 22 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n dl- 1 6 de ...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 23 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.2.4. Inpu...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 24 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.2.5. Sele...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 25 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.2.6. Conn...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 26 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3. Plug in ...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 27 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.2.7. Smbu...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 28 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n smbus read ...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 29 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n item level ...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 30 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.2.8. Test...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 31 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.2.9. Star...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 32 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.2.10. Tes...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 33 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 2. Abort a ...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 34 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3.2.11. Tes...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 35 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 4. Trouble ...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 36 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 4.3. Testin...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 37 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5. Ra-530 r...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 38 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.2. Softwa...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 39 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3. Agree to...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 40 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 4. The foll...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 41 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 6. The syst...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 42 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 8. The soft...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 43 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 10. Please ...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 44 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.3. Connec...
R r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3. Plug the usb cable directly into ra-530 4. Connect the usb cable to pc’s usb port 5. Since the drivers have been installed with the software, the windows automatically assign a com port number check th...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 46 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n the “device...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 47 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.4. Instan...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 48 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.4.1. Ente...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 49 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.4.2. Inst...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 50 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n preview: al...
R r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.4.3. Steps to generate a report user can generate test report from a specific to generate the instant report. Refer to section 5.3 on the communications port set up. 1. Start the ra-530 report & tools s...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 52 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 4. Select t...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 53 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 6. Press “p...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 54 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 8. Press “p...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 55 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.4.4. Repo...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 56 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.5. Batter...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 57 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.5.2. Batt...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 58 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n communicati...
R r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.5.3. Steps to download battery database the following shows the step to generate the instant report. Refer to section 5.3 on the communications port set up. 1. Start the ra-530 report & tools software i...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 60 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n established...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 61 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 6. The syst...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 62 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 8. When the...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 63 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.6.2. Batt...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 64 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.6.3. Sele...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 65 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.6.4. Sear...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 66 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 5.7. Auto u...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 67 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n 3. Update s...
Raydon electronics technology co., ltd. Phone: +86 20 8478 1227 fax: +86 20 3478 1237 web site: http://www.Batterytesting.Com.Cn email: batterytesting@batterytesting.Com.Cn page 68 of 70 pages r r r r r r r r a a a a a a a a y y y y y y y y d d d d d d d d o o o o o o o o n n n n n n n n appendix ii...