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ABB RER670 Applications Manual

Other manuals for RER670: Installation Manual
Manual is about: Relion 670 Series, Railway application

Summary of RER670

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    Relion® 670 series — railway application rer670 version 2.2 iec application manual.

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    Document id: 1mrk 506 375-uen issued: october 2017 revision: a product version: 2.2.1 © copyright 2017 abb. All rights reserved.

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    Copyright this document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written permission from abb, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party, nor used for any unauthorized purpose. The software and hardware described in this document is furnished under a license and...

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    Disclaimer the data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept or product description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed properties. All persons responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this manual must satisfy themselves that each intende...

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    Conformity this product complies with the directive of the council of the european communities on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to electromagnetic compatibility (emc directive 2004/108/ec) and concerning electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits (low-...

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    Table of contents section 1 introduction.....................................................................17 this manual...................................................................................... 17 intended audience.........................................................................

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    Examples on how to connect, configure and set ct inputs for most commonly used ct connections....................48 example on how to connect a star connected two-phase ct set to the ied....................................................................50 example how to connect single-phase ct to t...

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    Inrush restraint methods.........................................................82 overexcitation restraint method............................................. 82 protections based on the directional criterion........................ 83 setting examples.................................................

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    Settings for step 2................................................................ 166 instantaneous residual overcurrent protection efrwpioc........... 166 identification.............................................................................. 166 application.....................................

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    Identification.............................................................................. 198 application.................................................................................198 setting guidelines...................................................................... 199 equipment prot...

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    Setting guidelines...................................................................... 218 autoreclosing for railway system smbrrec ................................ 223 identification.............................................................................. 223 application........................

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    Signals from bus-coupler......................................................257 configuration setting............................................................ 259 interlocking for bus-coupler bay abc_bc ................................ 260 application...............................................

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    Selector mini switch vsgapc........................................................333 identification.............................................................................. 333 application.................................................................................333 setting guidelines.....

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    Application.................................................................................350 current reversal logic........................................................... 350 weak-end infeed logic..........................................................351 setting guidelines....................

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    Application............................................................................364 setting guidelines................................................................. 364 configurable logic blocks................................................................365 application....................

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    Setting guidelines...................................................................... 382 setting examples..................................................................385 gas medium supervision ssimg................................................... 388 identification..........................

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    Setting guidelines...................................................................... 407 setting example....................................................................408 section 16 metering....................................................................... 411 pulse-counter logic pcfcn...

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    Lon communication protocol......................................................... 439 application.................................................................................439 multicmdrcv and multicmdsnd..................................... 440 identification....................................

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    Measured value expander block range_xp................................ 464 identification.............................................................................. 464 application.................................................................................465 setting guidelines.................

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    General current transformer requirements................................ 479 rated equivalent secondary e.M.F. Requirements......................479 breaker failure protection..................................................... 479 restricted earth fault protection (low impedance differential)........

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    16.

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    Section 1 introduction 1.1 this manual guid-ab423a30-13c2-46af-b7fe-a73bb425eb5f v18 the application manual contains application descriptions and setting guidelines sorted per function. The manual can be used to find out when and for what purpose a typical protection function can be used. The manual...

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    1.3 product documentation 1.3.1 product documentation set guid-3aa69ea6-f1d8-47c6-a8e6-562f29c67172 v15 iec07000220-4-en.Vsd p la nn in g & p ur ch as e e ng in ee rin g in st al lin g c om m is si on in g o pe ra tio n m ai nt en an ce d ec om m is si on in g d ei ns ta lli ng & d is po sa l applic...

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    Describes the process of testing an ied in a substation which is not in service. The chapters are organized in the chronological order in which the ied should be commissioned. The relevant procedures may be followed also during the service and maintenance activities. The operation manual contains in...

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    1.3.3 related documents guid-94e8a5ca-be1b-45af-81e7-5a41d34ee112 v5 documents related to rer670 document numbers application manual 1mrk 506 375-uen commissioning manual 1mrk 506 377-uen product guide 1mrk 506 378-ben technical manual 1mrk 506 376-uen type test certificate 1mrk 506 378-ten 670 seri...

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    The caution hot surface icon indicates important information or warning about the temperature of product surfaces. Class 1 laser product. Take adequate measures to protect the eyes and do not view directly with optical instruments. The caution icon indicates important information or warning related ...

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    • the character ^ in front of an input/output signal name indicates that the signal name may be customized using the pcm600 software. • the character * after an input signal name indicates that the signal must be connected to another function block in the application configuration to achieve a valid...

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    Function block name edition 1 logical nodes edition 2 logical nodes d2ptoc d2lln0 d2ptoc ph1ptrc d2ptoc ph1ptrc dpgapc dpggio dpgapc drprdre drprdre drprdre ecpsch ecpsch ecpsch ecrwpsch ecrwpsch ecrwpsch ef2ptoc ef2lln0 ef2ptrc ef2rdir gen2phar ph1ptoc ef2ptrc ef2rdir gen2phar ph1ptoc efpioc efpioc...

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    Function block name edition 1 logical nodes edition 2 logical nodes sp16gapc sp16ggio sp16gapc spc8gapc spc8ggio spc8gapc spgapc spggio spgapc sscbr sscbr sscbr ssimg ssimg ssimg ssiml ssiml ssiml sxcbr sxcbr sxcbr sxswi sxswi sxswi t1ppdif - t1ppdif t1pphar t1pptrc teigapc teiggio teigapc teiggio t...

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    Section 2 application 2.1 general ied application guid-1c4df6b4-facc-48c7-ab7d-5c80b5b49101 v3 rer670 is used for the protection, control and monitoring of transmission lines, catenary lines or transformers in two- and single-phase 16.7hz, 50hz and 60hz railway applications. It supports isolated, co...

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    Rer670 provides iec 60870-5-103 as well as iec 61850 communication to a substation automation system or, in case of iec 61850, also for horizontal communication between ieds. Redundant communication is obtained through the built-in prp and hsr features which can be used in star or ringbus architectu...

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    Iec 61850 or function name ansi function description railway rer670 differential protection refpdif 87n restricted earth fault protection, low impedance 2-a50 1-b60 t1ppdif 87t transformer differential protection, two windings 2-a50 impedance protection zcvpsof automatic switch onto fault logic, vol...

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    Iec 61850 or function name ansi function description railway rer670 rov2ptov 59n two step residual overvoltage protection 2-c61 frequency protection saptuf 81l underfrequency protection 2-c61 1) 67n requires voltage 2.4 control and monitoring functions guid-e3777f16-0b76-4157-a3bf-0b6b978863de v15 i...

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    Iec 61850 or function name ansi function description railway rer670 i103poscmdv ied direct commands with position for iec 60870-5-103 50 i103iedcmd ied commands for iec 60870-5-103 1 i103usrcmd function commands user defined for iec 60870-5-103 3 xencpow 25t transformer energization control 1-a50/1-...

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    Table 3: total number of instances for basic configurable logic blocks basic configurable logic block total number of instances and 280 gate 40 inv 420 lld 40 or 298 pulsetimer 40 rsmemory 40 srmemory 40 timerset 60 xor 40 table 4: number of function instances in apc10 function name function descrip...

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    Table 5: number of function instances in apc15 function name function description total number of instances scilo interlocking 15 bb_es 3 a1a2_bs 2 a1a2_dc 3 abc_bc 1 bh_conn 1 bh_line_a 1 bh_line_b 1 db_bus_a 1 db_bus_b 1 db_line 1 abc_line 1 ab_trafo 1 scswi switch controller 15 sxswi circuit swit...

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    Table 7: total number of instances for extended logic package extended configurable logic block total number of instances and 180 gate 49 inv 180 lld 49 or 180 pulsetimer 89 rsmemory 40 slgapc 74 srmemory 130 timerset 109 vsgapc 120 xor 89 iec 61850 or function name ansi function description railway...

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    Iec 61850 or function name ansi function description railway rer670 rwrflo fault locator, multi section 1-b60 i103meas measurands for iec 60870-5-103 1 i103measusr measurands user defined signals for iec 60870-5-103 3 i103ar function status auto-recloser for iec 60870-5-103 1 i103ef function status ...

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    Iec 61850 or function name ansi function description railway rer670 dnpfrec dnp3.0 fault records for tcp/ip and eia-485 communication protocol 1 iec 61850-8-1 iec 61850 1 gooseintlkrcv horizontal communication via goose for interlocking 59 goosebinrcv goose binary receive 11 goosedprcv goose functio...

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    Iec 61850 or function name ansi function description railway rer670 binsigrec1_12m binsigrec1_22m binsigtran1_12m binsigtran1_22m binary signal transfer, 2mbit receive/transmit 3 ldcmtrn transmission of analog data from ldcm 1 ldcmtrn_2m transmission of analog data from ldcm, 2mbit 6 ldcmrecbinstat1...

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    Iec 61850 or function name description testmode test mode functionality chnglck change lock function smbi signal matrix for binary inputs smbo signal matrix for binary outputs smmi signal matrix for ma inputs smai1 - smai12 signal matrix for analog inputs athstat authority status athchck authority c...

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    Section 3 configuration 3.1 description of configuration rer670 3.1.1 introduction guid-79b8bc84-4aab-44e7-86cd-ff63098b009d v2 all ieds shall be configured with the help of the application configuration tool in pcm600. The ied can be adapted to special applications and special logic can be develope...

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    3.1.1.1 description of configuration – transformer protection application in compensated networks guid-29f96eb6-abc0-4f35-87ef-88049138c405 v1 qb1 w1-qa1 wa1 rer670 v 2.2 – application for transformer protection ¾-19“-casing, 1xbim, 1xsom, 1xmim 12ai (7i+5u) ct vt br ptoc 51 ibr> smp ptrc 94 1→0 vn ...

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    3.1.1.2 description of configuration – transformer protection application in solidly earthed networks guid-738bd403-b0b2-4437-a5fb-a515c058daf0 v1 qb1 w1-qa1 wa1 rer670 v2.1 – application for transformer protection ½-19“-casing, 1xiom, 1xbom, 1xmim 12ai (7i+5u) ct vt iec17000010-1-en.Vsdx br ptoc 51...

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    3.1.1.3 description of configuration – line protection application in compensated networks guid-bbcd3069-a3e4-4977-b9b3-9a4969d3fba8 v1 qb1 qa1 qb9 qc9 wa1 rer670 v2.1 – application for line protection ¾-19“-casing, 1xbim, 1xbom, 12ai (7i+5u) vt ct vt smb rrec 79 5(0→1) iec17000011-1-en.Vsdx rw rflo...

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    3.1.1.4 description of configuration – line protection application in solidly earthed networks guid-5d43f04f-b173-42d6-9ede-52d20d40103d v1 qb1 qa1 qb9 qc9 wa1 rer670 v2.1 – application for line protection 1/2-19“-casing, 1xbim, 1xbom, 1xmim, 12ai (7i+5u) vt ct vt smb rrec 79 5(0→1) iec17000012-1-en...

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    42.

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    Section 4 analog inputs 4.1 introduction semod55003-5 v11 analog input channels must be configured and set properly in order to get correct measurement results and correct protection operations. For power measuring, all directional and differential functions, the directions of the input currents mus...

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    4.2.1 setting of the phase reference channel semod55055-5 v3 all phase angles are calculated in relation to a defined reference. An appropriate analog input channel is selected and used as phase reference. The parameter phaseangleref defines the analog channel that is used as phase angle reference. ...

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    With correct setting of the primary ct direction, ctstarpoint set to fromobject or toobject, a positive quantities always flowing towards the protected object and a direction defined as forward always is looking towards the protected object. The following examples show the principle. 4.2.2.1 example...

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    Transformer protection transformer line setting of current input: set parameter ctstarpoint with transformer as reference object. Correct setting is "toobject" forward reverse definition of direction for directional functions line protection setting of current input: set parameter ctstarpoint with t...

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    Transformer and line protection transformer line setting of current input: set parameter ctstarpoint with transformer as reference object. Correct setting is "toobject" reverse forward definition of direction for directional line functions setting of current input: set parameter ctstarpoint with tra...

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    Transformer and line protection transformer line setting of current input for transformer functions: set parameter ctstarpoint with transformer as reference object. Correct setting is "toobject" forward reverse definition of direction for directional line functions setting of current input for trans...

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    I sec i p ri s1 (x1) p1 (h1) p2 (h2) s2 (x2) p2 (h2) p1 (h1) x x a) b) c) en06000641.Vsd s2 (x2) s1 (x1) iec06000641 v1 en-us figure 11: commonly used markings of ct terminals where: a) is symbol and terminal marking used in this document. Terminals marked with a square indicates the primary and sec...

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    4.2.2.5 example on how to connect a star connected two-phase ct set to the ied semod55055-352 v11 figure 12 gives an example about the wiring of a star connected two-phase ct set to the ied. It gives an overview of the actions which are needed to make this measurement available to the built-in prote...

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    3) these two connections are the links between the two phase current inputs and the two input channels of the preprocessing function block 4). 4) the preprocessing block that has the task to digitally filter the connected analog inputs and calculate: • fundamental frequency phasors for the two input...

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    • ctprim=600a • ctsec=5a • ctstarpoint=fromobject the ratio of the first two parameters is only used inside the ied. The third parameter as set in this example will negate the measured currents in order to ensure that the currents are measured towards the protected object within the ied. A third alt...

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    4) are two connections made in the signal matrix tool (smt) and application configuration tool (act) which connects these two phase current inputs to the first two input channels on the preprocessing function block 6). 5) is a connection made in the signal matrix tool (smt) and application configura...

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    Protected object l1 l2 ied in p ins ins 2 iec16000139-1-en.Vsdx 4 3 c t 6 0 0 /1 a a) b) (+) (+) (-) (-) (+) (-) 1 smai2 block ^grp2l1 ^grp2l2 ^grp2l1l2 ^grp2n ai2p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4 ain 5 iec16000139 v1 en-us figure 15: connections for single-phase ct input where: 1) shows how to connect single-phase...

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    For all other protection applications (e.G. Transformer protection) it is typically desirable to set ibase parameter equal to the rated current of the protected object. However this is only recommended to do if the rated current of the protected object is within the range of 40% to 120% of the selec...

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    A (h1) b (h2) b (x2) a (x1) a (h1) n (h2) n (x2) a (x1) b) c) a (h1) n (h2) dn (x2) da (x1) d) u pri + + u sec a) en06000591.Vsd iec06000591 v1 en-us figure 16: commonly used markings of vt terminals where: a) is the symbol and terminal marking used in this document. Terminals marked with a square i...

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    L1 ied l2 132 2 110 2 kv v 1 3 2 132 2 110 2 kv v iec16000140-1-en.Vsdx 4 smai2 block ^grp2l1 ^grp2l2 ^grp2l1l2 ^grp2n ai2p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4 ain 5 iec16000140 v1 en-us figure 17: a two phase-to-earth connected vt where: 1) shows how to connect two secondary phase-to-earth voltages to two vt inputs on...

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    4.2.4.4 example on how to connect a residually connected ied semod55055-163 v9 figure 18 gives an example about the wiring of a residually connected vt to the ied. It shall be noted that this type of vt connection presents a secondary voltage proportional to 2u0 to the ied. The primary rated voltage...

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    Where: 1) shows how to connect the secondary side of the residually connected vt to one vt input on the ied. +2u0 shall be connected to the ied 2) is the trm where this voltage input is located. It shall be noted that for this voltage input the following setting values shall be entered: vtprim =132k...

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    4.2.5.1 configuration example 1 guid-02d562b1-4a43-454f-86e3-2c757665ff88 v1 an example on how to configure the ied analogue inputs for hv, two-phase railway power system, including at-catenary railway supply system is shown in figure 19 . Il1 trm_40.Ch1(i) il2 trm_40.Ch2(i) ul1 trm_40.Ch7(u) ul2 tr...

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    To the trm card and then connected to the fourth input of the respective preprocessing smai function block in the act tool. For installations where configuration shown in figure 19 is used, all protection and measurement functions inside ied can be used without any restrictions. Distance protection ...

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    1. Connect ul1l2 voltage to the third input of the smai 2. Connect one not used and externally not wired vt input on the rer670 trm, with set ratio as 0.1kv/100v=1.00, to the fourth input of the smai function block. This in principle gives zero value for 2uo quantity. 3. Note that, in a rear case th...

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    Il1 trm_40.Ch1(i) ul1 trm_40.Ch7(u) bom_4.Bo1 bom_4.Bo2 smai1 block g1ai2p o:1it:3ii:1 g1n grp1l1 g1ai1 grp1l2 g1ai2 grp1l1l2 g1ai3 grp1n g1ai4 smai2 o:1it:3ii:2 block grp2l1 grp2l1l2 grp2n grp2l2 g2ai2p g2n g2ai1 g2ai2 g2ai3 g2ai4 i2p u2p block blkz blkz1 blkz2 blkz3 trip trz1 trz2 trz3 start stz1 ...

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    64.

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    Section 5 local hmi amu0600442 v14 iec13000239-3-en.Vsd iec13000239 v3 en-us figure 22: local human-machine interface the lhmi of the ied contains the following elements: • keypad • display (lcd) • led indicators • communication port for pcm600 1mrk 506 375-uen a section 5 local hmi railway applicat...

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    The lhmi is used for setting, monitoring and controlling. 5.1 display guid-55739d4f-1da5-4112-b5c7-217aaf360ea5 v11 the lhmi includes a graphical monochrome liquid crystal display (lcd) with a resolution of 320 x 240 pixels. The character size can vary. The amount of characters and rows fitting the ...

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    Feedback signal for the function button control action. The led is connected to the required signal with pcm600. Iec13000281-1-en.Vsd guid-c98d972d-d1d8-4734-b419-161dbc0dc97b v1 en-us figure 24: function button panel the indication led panel shows on request the alarm text labels for the indication...

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    5.2 leds amu0600427 v13 the lhmi includes three status leds above the display: ready, start and trip. There are 15 programmable indication leds on the front of the lhmi. Each led can indicate three states with the colors: green, yellow and red. The texts related to each three-color led are divided i...

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    Iec16000076-1-en.Vsd iec16000076 v1 en-us figure 26: openclose_led connected to sxcbr 5.3 keypad amu0600428 v17 the lhmi keypad contains push-buttons which are used to navigate in different views or menus. The push-buttons are also used to acknowledge alarms, reset indications, provide help and swit...

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    1 18 19 7 6 5 4 3 2 8 20 21 22 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 23 24 iec15000157-2-en.Vsd iec15000157 v2 en-us figure 27: lhmi keypad with object control, navigation and command push- buttons and rj-45 communication port 1...5 function button 6 close 7 open 8 escape 9 left 10 down 11 up 12 right 13 key 14...

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    20 clear 21 help 22 communication port 23 programmable indication leds 24 ied status leds 5.4 local hmi functionality 5.4.1 protection and alarm indication guid-09ccb9f1-9b27-4c12-b253-fbe95ea537f5 v15 protection indicators the protection indicator leds are ready, start and trip. The start and trip ...

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    Table 12: trip led (red) led state description off normal operation. On a protection function has tripped. An indication message is displayed if the auto-indication feature is enabled in the local hmi. The trip indication is latching and must be reset via communication, lhmi or binary input on the l...

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    5.4.3 front communication guid-fd72a445-c8c1-4bfe-90e3-0ac78ae17c45 v11 the rj-45 port in the lhmi enables front communication. • the green uplink led on the left is lit when the cable is successfully connected to the port. • the yellow led is not used; it is always off. Iec13000280-1-en.Vsd 1 2 gui...

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    74.

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    Section 6 differential protection 6.1 low impedance restricted earth fault protection refpdif ip14640-1 v6 6.1.1 identification m14843-1 v6 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number restricted earth fault protection, low impedance refpdif id...

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    The restricted earth fault protection is not affected, as a differential protection, with the following power transformer related phenomena: • magnetizing inrush currents • overexcitation magnetizing currents • load tap changer • external and internal phase faults which do not involve earth • symmet...

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    6.1.2.2 ct earthing direction m13048-29 v13 to make the restricted earth fault protection refpdif operate correctly, the main cts are always supposed to be star -connected. The main ct's neutral (star) formation can be positioned in either way, toobject or fromobject. However, internally refpdif alw...

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    6.1.3.2 settings m13052-28 v13 the parameters for the restricted earth fault protection, low impedance function refpdif are set via the local hmi or pcm600. Common base ied values for primary current (ibase), primary voltage (ubase) and primary power (sbase) are set in a global base values for setti...

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    It is important that the faulty power transformer can be disconnected as fast as possible. As the differential protection is a unit protection, it can be designed for fast tripping, thus providing selective disconnection of the faulty railway power transformer. The differential protection should nev...

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    The usual practice for transformer protection is to set the bias characteristic to a value of at least twice the value of the expected spill current under through-fault conditions. These criteria can vary considerably from application to application. The default settings for the operating characteri...

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    Unrestrained limit idunre restrain restrain current [%] (bias current) operate unconditionally operate conditionally section 1 section 2 section 3 slopesection 2 slopesection 3 endsection 1 endsection2 operate current [%] (differential current) idmin iec15000390-2-en.Vsdx iec15000390 v2 en-us figure...

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    6.2.3.2 elimination of zero sequence currents guid-80fc0155-321c-4e60-b5f7-25628f9cd4e6 v3 to avoid unwanted trips for external earth faults, zero sequence currents should be subtracted on the side of the protected railway power transformer where they can flow during external earth faults. Eliminati...

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    The protection from operating during an overexcitation condition of a power transformer. If the ratio of the 5 th harmonic to the fundamental in the differential current is above a settable limit, the operation is restrained. It is recommended to use i5/i1ratio = 25% as default value if there are no...

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    Hv side: il1=i v ; il2=i u lv side: il1=i s , il2= 0 settings within the transformer differential protection: phselw1 = (il1-il2)/2 phselw2 = il1 invw2curr = no solution 2 (see figure 38 for ct connections and act configuration): connection to the preprocessing blocks: hv side: il1=i u ; il2=i v lv ...

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    6.2.4.1 application examples guid-bac97be4-c678-435e-acee-7c90bb276e58 v2 five examples of railway power transformer connections are presented here. Other transformer connections may also be protected using the single-phase t1ppdif function. Transformer connection – example 1 guid-0c1ebb70-8fbb-4ab9...

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    0 2 2 u v v u v v i i i i i i i iecequation201 v2 en-us (equation 8) the phase selection settings for the t1ppdif function shall be: phselw1=(l1-l2)/2 phselw2=l1 invw2curr=no calculation of differential and bias currents: 1 2 1 2 100 100 % 1 2 2 100 100 % 1 , 2 , 2 v u diff s basew basew v u bias s ...

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    Invw2curr=no then the internal calculations will be: 1 1 2 1 1 2 100 100 % idlw1 idlw2 100 100 % 1 , 2 , diff v s basew basew bias v s basew basew i i i i i i max idlw idlw max i i i i iecequation203 v2 en-us (equation 10) the phase selection settings for the second instance of the t1ppdif function ...

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    To calculate the zero sequence current reduction for u and v phases, see connection example 1. The phase selection settings for the first instance of the t1ppdif function shall be: phselw1=(l1-l2)/2 phselw2=l1 invw2curr=no then the internal calculations will be: 1 1 2 1 1 2 100 100 % idlw1 idlw2 2 1...

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    Transformer connection – example 4 guid-47523478-6d93-47a3-a362-c17fe6ec3de0 v2 iec15000173-2-en.Vsdx 132/110kv 110kv 132kv i u v i u i s s v i r r iec15000173 v2 en-us figure 35: transformer connection – example 4 the hv currents i v and i u shall be connected as il1 and il2 currents, respectively,...

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    Transformer connection – example 5 guid-b0b4effc-da6b-47f3-8b72-70255dc783f9 v2 i u i v i s 110kv 15kv u s v 110/15kv iec15000174-3-en.Vsdx r iec15000174 v3 en-us figure 36: transformer connection – example 5 the starpoint of the 110/15kv railway transformer can either be earthed (via coil) or isola...

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    Solution 1 v u s i v i u i v i u i s hv-side lv-side 16mva 132/15kv t1ppdif i2pw1 block blkres trip i2pw2 blkunres blkdrunr blkdrsen trres trunres trdrunr trdrsen start idalarm st2ndhrm st5thhrm stwavdet idl idlmag ibias smai2 block grp2l1 grp2l2 grp2l1l2 grp2n g2ai2p g2ai1 g2ai2 g2ai3 g2ai4 g2n sma...

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    2 the current inputs are located in the trm. The following settings shall be used for the current inputs in this example: hv side (two inputs): • ctprim = 200a • ctsec = 1a • ctstarpoint = toobject lv side (one input): • ctprim = 1200a • ctsec = 1a • ctstarpoint = toobject inside the ied, only the r...

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    Solution 2 v u s i v i u i u i v i s hv-side lv-side 16mva 132/15kv t1ppdif i2pw1 block blkres trip i2pw2 blkunres blkdrunr blkdrsen trres trunres trdrunr trdrsen start idalarm st2ndhrm st5thhrm stwavdet idl idlmag ibias smai2 block grp2l1 grp2l2 grp2l1l2 grp2n g2ai2p g2ai1 g2ai2 g2ai3 g2ai4 g2n sma...

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    94.

  • Page 101

    Section 7 impedance protection 7.1 automatic switch onto fault logic zcvpsof semod153633-1 v3 7.1.1 identification semod155890-2 v4 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number automatic switch onto fault logic zcvpsof - - 7.1.2 application m13...

  • Page 102

    7.1.3 setting guidelines m13855-4 v10 the parameters for automatic switch onto fault logic, voltage- and current-based function zcvpsof are set via the local hmi or protection and control manager pcm600. The distance protection zone used for instantaneous trip by zcvpsof has to be set to cover the e...

  • Page 103

    Tdld: the time delay for activating zcvpsof by the internal dead-line detection is, by default, set to 0.2 seconds. It is suitable in most applications. The delay shall not be set too short to avoid unwanted activations during transients in the system. Mode: the operation of zcvpsof has three modes ...

  • Page 104

    The zrwpdis application function is designed to detect and clear the faults mentioned in table 14 with reliability in order to maintain the system stability. Table 14: earthing systems and possible faults earthing system types of fault compensated earthing systems • single phase earth fault of short...

  • Page 105

    Healthy phase increases to phase-to-phase voltage level since the neutral displacement is equal to the phase voltage level at a fully developed earth fault. Increase of the healthy phase voltage together with slow tripping increases the risk a second fault in a healthy phase and the second fault can...

  • Page 106

    Iec15000383-1-en.Vsdx 10 5 0 - 5 - 10 0 50 100 150 200 250 time (ms) time (ms) iec15000383 v1 en-us figure 40: recovery voltage after arc extinction three situations are possible when a cross country double earth fault occurs in the system: • line l1 is tripped, voltage on line l2 recovers after a w...

  • Page 107

    The default values given should be validated for each application and adopt the appropriate setting values. The parameters for zrwpdis are set via the local hmi or pcm600. Common base ied values for primary current (ibase), primary voltage (ubase) and primary power (sbase) are set in a global base v...

  • Page 108

    Opmodei0: this is used to select the operation on or off of the end zone timer logic using residual overcurrent start to provide a remote backup. Opmodetend1: it is used to select operation on or off of the end zone 1. Opdirend1: this is used to select the direction mode of end zone 1. It can be set...

  • Page 109

    I0minop: this is the minimum operating current of residual overcurrent start as % of ibase. It should be set to detect all earth faults, but above any continuous residual current under normal operating conditions. The default value is 10% ib. Ki0stab: the stabilizing factor to prevent operation of t...

  • Page 110

    Rfpefwz1: this is used to set the forward fault resistive reach in ohm/p for the phase-to-earth faults in zone 1. It should be set to give maximum coverage considering the line resistance, arc resistance and tower footing resistance. In general, resistive reach should be set to give maximum coverage...

  • Page 111

    X1fwz2: this is used to set the forward positive sequence reactance reach of zone 2 in ohm/p. The zone should never underreach the next section. The recommended setting is 120% of the protected line length. Impact of the mutual coupling should be considered for the double circuit lines. X1rvz2: this...

  • Page 112

    Dirmodez3: this is used to set the zone 3 direction mode. It can be set to non- directional, forward and reverse. The forward direction mode is set by default. Phselmodez3: this is used to enable the measuring loops of zone 3. It can be set to phsel logic, release l1e, releasel2e, release pe, releas...

  • Page 113

    Provided in subsequent sections which zone 3 reach of relay being set, overlaps. The default setting is 0.7 s. Opmodetppz3: this is used to set the off/on operation of the phase-to-phase timer of zone 3. The default setting is off. Tppz3: this is used to set the time delay to trip for phase-to-phase...

  • Page 114

    Rfppfwz4: this is used to set the forward fault resistive reach in ohm/p for phase-to-phase faults in zone 4. This may be set identical to rfpprvz4. Rfpprvz4: this is used to cover the zone 4 fault resistive reach in ohm/p for phase-to-phase faults in reverse direction. It should cover apparent phas...

  • Page 115

    Xeoverxlz5: this is used to set the earth return compensation factor for reactance of zone 5. It provides zero sequence compensation for phase-to-earth faults. Rfpefwz5: this is used to set the forward fault resistive reach in ohm/p for the phase-to-earth faults in zone 5. This may be set identical ...

  • Page 116

    X1fwz6: this is used to set the forward positive sequence reactance reach of zone 6 in ohm/p. It may be set identical to zone 2 reach setting. X1rvz6: this is used to set the reverse positive sequence impedance reach of zone 6 in ohm/p. It may be set less than zone 1 reach of distance protection for...

  • Page 117

    Ti0: delay time for the residual overcurrent start. Residual overcurrent start is delayed by settable time delay ti0. The default setting is 0.2s. If magnitude of the phase l1 current is more than ki times magnitude of phase l2 current together with delayed residual overcurrent start signal and mode...

  • Page 118

    Basic time tgl2, the ul1e will be checked against a set limit ul1e at the end of 100ms after the reset of starting element. The basic time tgl2 is effective only during the underimpedance or residual overcurrent start. If the voltage ul1e is greater than the set limit u0min, the start signal is main...

  • Page 119

    T6l2: this is an additional time delay to trip phase l2 if the phase preference is set to trip phase l2 in zone 6. The default setting is 0.0s. U0min: this is used to check the minimum residual voltage on phase l1 if the start signal falls back, and indicates the fault on phase l2 is cleared success...

  • Page 120

    • double phase-to-phase fault, earthed or unearthed • single phase-to-earth fault the fault currents are high during all short circuit events. In the event of high- resistance earth faults, e.G. Through trees, the earth current is low. These types of faults shall be detected and tripped selectively ...

  • Page 121

    Max 2 min 8 . 0 p u rld iecequation15051 v1 en-us (equation 16) where, p max is the maximum exporting power u min is the minimum voltage for which p max can occur 0.8 is security factor. Argld: this is used to set the load angle determining the load impedance area of the load discrimination characte...

  • Page 122

    Within the protected area. Therefore, it should be set beyond the reach of the farthest zone. X1start: this is to set positive sequence reactance reach in ohm of starting element quadrilateral characteristic. It will be set to operate for all faults within the protected area. Therefore, it should be...

  • Page 123

    Lcmodez1: this is used to enable/disable the adaptive load compensation mode of zone 1. It avoids overreaching of the zone in to the next section in case of resistive fault due to remote end feed. The default setting is off. X1fwz1: this is used to set the forward positive sequence reactance reach o...

  • Page 124

    Zone 2 guid-dd64b7c1-6337-4ac5-995c-8c068e1e379d v2 opz2: this is used for the off/on operation of zone 2 and it is set to off by default. Dirmodez2: this is used to set the zone 2 direction mode. It can be set to non- directional, forward and reverse. The forward direction mode is set by default. P...

  • Page 125

    Tpez2: this is used to set the time delay to trip for phase-to-earth faults in zone 2. It should be set to coordinate with the clearance of adjacent circuit fault with in reach by the intended main protection or breaker fail protection. The default setting is 0.4 s. Opmodetppz2: this is used to set ...

  • Page 126

    Rfppfwz3: this is used to set the forward fault resistive reach in ohm/p for phase-to-phase faults in zone 3. This may be set identical to zone 2 setting resistive reach. Rfpprvz3: this is used to set the reverse fault resistive reach in ohm/p for phase- to-phase faults in zone 3. This may be set id...

  • Page 127

    X1rvz4: this is used to set the reverse positive sequence impedance reach of zone 4 in ohm/p. It should be set less than zone 1 reach of distance protection for the shortest line in the reverse direction. Reoverrlz4: this is used to set the earth return compensation factor for resistance of zone 4. ...

  • Page 128

    Phselmodez5: this is used to enable the measuring loops of zone 5. It can be set to phsel logic, release l1e, releasel2e, release pe, release l1l2 and release pe&pp modes. The default setting is phsel logic mode. Lemodez5: this is used to operate the load discrimination characteristic of zone 5. The...

  • Page 129

    Tppz5: this is used to set the time delay to trip for phase-to-phase faults in zone 5. It should be set identical to zone 2/zone 3 timer setting. Zone 6 guid-3145a2f9-164d-4035-b1f6-ee67cda492ce v2 opz6: this is used for the off/on operation of zone 6 and it is set to off by default. This zone can b...

  • Page 130

    Timerselz6: this is used to set the zone timer selection mode of zone 6. I.E. Timers separated, timers linked, general start, phsel start, internal start and external start. The default setting is timers separated. Opmodetpez6: this is used to set the off/on operation of the phase-to-earth timer of ...

  • Page 131

    Two major earth fault-current limiting factors are possible for the isolated earthing systems; the zero sequence phase-to-earth capacitance and fault resistance. Since the voltage and their phase angles are relatively undisturbed, these systems can remain operational during the sustained low magnitu...

  • Page 132

    Rld: it is used to set the resistive reach within the load impedance of load discrimination characteristic. This setting can be calculated according to equation: max 2 min 8 . 0 p u rld iecequation15051 v1 en-us (equation 17) where, p max is the maximum exporting power u min is the minimum voltage f...

  • Page 133

    Z1circlestart: this is used to set a positive sequence impedance reach in ohm of the starting element circular characteristic. It will be set to operate for all faults within the protected area. Therefore, it should be set beyond the reach of the farthest zone. X1start: this is to set positive seque...

  • Page 134

    Lemodez1: this is used to operate the load discrimination characteristic of zone 1. The default setting is off. Lcmodez1: this is used to enable/disable the adaptive load compensation mode of zone 1. It avoids overreaching of the zone in to the next section in case of resistive fault due to remote e...

  • Page 135

    Tppz1: this is used to set the time delay to trip for phase-to-phase faults in zone 1. The default setting is 0.0s. Zone 2 guid-dd64b7c1-6337-4ac5-995c-8c068e1e379d v2 opz2: this is used for the off/on operation of zone 2 and it is set to off by default. Dirmodez2: this is used to set the zone 2 dir...

  • Page 136

    Opmodetpez2: this is used to set the off/on operation of the phase-to- earth timer of zone 2. The default setting is off. Tpez2: this is used to set the time delay to trip for phase-to-earth faults in zone 2. It should be set to coordinate with the clearance of adjacent circuit fault with in reach b...

  • Page 137

    Rfpervz3: this is used to set the reverse fault resistive reach in ohm/p for phase- to-earth faults in zone 3. This may be set identical to zone 2 setting resistive reach. Rfppfwz3: this is used to set the forward fault resistive reach in ohm/p for phase-to-phase faults in zone 3. This may be set id...

  • Page 138

    X1rvz4: this is used to set the reverse positive sequence impedance reach of zone 4 in ohm/p. It should be set less than zone 1 reach of distance protection for the shortest line in the reverse direction. Reoverrlz4: this is used to set the earth return compensation factor for resistance of zone 4. ...

  • Page 139

    Phselmodez5: this is used to enable the measuring loops of zone 5. It can be set to phsel logic, release l1e, releasel2e, release pe, release l1l2 and release pe&pp modes. The default setting is phsel logic mode. Lemodez5: this is used to operate the load discrimination characteristic of zone 5. The...

  • Page 140

    Tppz5: this is used to set the time delay to trip for phase-to-phase faults in zone 5. It should be set identical to zone 2/zone 3 timer setting. Zone 6 guid-3145a2f9-164d-4035-b1f6-ee67cda492ce v2 opz6: this is used for the off/on operation of zone 6 and it is set to off by default. This zone can b...

  • Page 141

    Timerselz6: this is used to set the zone timer selection mode of zone 6. I.E. Timers separated, timers linked, general start, phsel start, internal start and external start. The default setting is timers separated. Opmodetpez6: this is used to set the off/on operation of the phase-to-earth timer of ...

  • Page 142

    Z a b c line 1 line 2 iec15000385-1-en.Vsdx iec15000385 v1 en-us figure 42: considered single line diagram table 15: system data parameter value system voltage 110kv system frequency 16.7hz full load 50mva short time maximum power 250% of full load minimum operating voltage 90% of rated voltage pt r...

  • Page 143

    Iminoppp: it is used to select the minimum operating current for the phase-to- phase loops. Set this to 10% ib. Oploadench: this setting is used to select the load discrimination characteristic. Set this to on. Rld: it is used to set the resistive reach within the load impedance of load discriminati...

  • Page 144

    Start guid-0305f9f3-4c8a-488c-aa8f-bbcb055ff479 v2 charstartz: it is used to select the underimpedance start characteristic. Set this to quadrilateral. X1start: this is to set positive sequence reactance reach of the starting element quadrilateral characteristic. It will be set to operate for all fa...

  • Page 145

    28 . 0 1 097 . 0 151 . 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 0 r r r r l e iecequation15052 v1 en-us (equation 19) therefore, set this to 0.28. Xeoverxlz1: it provides zero sequence compensation for phase-to-earth faults. 83 . 0 1 112 . 0 298 . 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 0 x x x x l e iecequation15053 v1 en-us (equation 20) therefore, ...

  • Page 146

    Lcmodez2: this is used to enable/disable the adaptive load compensation mode of zone 2. Set this to off. X1fwz2: this is used to set the forward positive sequence reactance reach of zone 2 in ohm/p. This should be set to 120% of line 1 reactance. Therefore, set the x1fwz2 to 1.2 x 50 x 0.112 = 6.72 ...

  • Page 147

    Lemodez3: this is used to operate the load discrimination characteristic of zone 3. Set this to on. Lcmodez3: this is used to enable/disable load compensation mode for zone 3. Set this to off. X1fwz3: this is used to set the forward positive sequence reactance reach for zone 3 in ohm/p. This should ...

  • Page 148

    Phase selection guid-6c316e54-8cef-48c6-8fbb-dce65dbd5956 v2 modephselki: set this to off. Ki: set this to 1.2. I01: this setting is used to detect high short circuit current during blocking time ti01 when starting element impedance loop has picked up. Set at 400% ib. Modei0strel: set this to l1e an...

  • Page 149

    7.2.3.2 solidly earthed systems guid-ed1d9b07-3eaf-436c-a6ea-044455dc168e v1 example in figure 43 illustrates how the distance protection zrwpdis protects a 110kv overhead transmission line. The earthing considered is solidly earthed system. Out of the six distance protection zones, only the zone 1,...

  • Page 150

    Ubase: sets the base voltage in kv. This is 110.0kv. Operation: sets the protection to on/off. Set this to on. System earthing: it is used to select the type of system earthing. Select the compensated. Lineang: set it to 50 deg. Iminoppe: it is used to select the minimum operating current for the ph...

  • Page 151

    Opdirend2: this is used to select the direction mode of the end zone 2. Set this to non-directional. Tend2: this is used to set the time delay for the second stage trip. Set this after the tend1 has operated. Since the tend1 is set to 2.5s, set it to 3.0s. Opmodegenst: this is used to select on/off ...

  • Page 152

    83 . 0 1 112 . 0 298 . 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 0 x x x x l e iecequation15053 v1 en-us (equation 27) direction guid-464ca6ee-24d9-4f19-972c-f1ee1d4b9ffe v2 argnegres: this is the angle for blinder in the second quadrant. Set this to 120 deg. Argdir: this is the angle of setting in the fourth quadrant. Set thi...

  • Page 153

    Arc resistance = 2 ohm primary and tower footing resistance = 10 ohm primary. Therefore, rfpefwz1 should be minimum of 12 ohm. Since the rfpestart is set to 50.16 ohm to give more resistive coverage, rfpefwz1 can be set at 0.8 x 50.16 = 40.13 ohm. However, to avoid overreach due to the remote end in...

  • Page 154

    28 . 0 1 097 . 0 151 . 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 0 r r r r l e iecequation15052 v1 en-us (equation 30) therefore, set this to 0.28. Xeoverxlz2: it provides zero sequence compensation for phase-to-earth faults. 83 . 0 1 112 . 0 298 . 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 0 x x x x l e iecequation15053 v1 en-us (equation 31) therefore, ...

  • Page 155

    X1fwz3: this is used to set the forward positive sequence reactance reach for zone 3 in ohm/p. This should be set to 120% of reactance of (line 1 + line 2). Therefore, set x1fwz3 to 1.2 x (50 +100) x 0.112 = 20.16 ohm. X1rvz3: set this identical to x1fwz3 which is 20.16 ohm. Reoverrlz3: this is used...

  • Page 156

    Phase selection guid-4a41544d-90a7-4c24-b1f6-6b610b1b3839 v1 ti0: it is strongly recommended not to use residual overcurrent based phase selection incase of solidly earthed systems. Hence, set this to 60.0s. 7.3 underimpedance protection for railway transformers zgtpdis guid-b8c0a72b-63f2-4dbd-b702-...

  • Page 157

    Iec15000302-1-en.Vsdx trafo 132/15kv 15kv 132kv u v v 2-phase to 1-phase interconnection iec15000302 v2 en-us iec15000304-2-en.Vsdx trafo 132/66kv 66kv 132kv u v v u 2-phase to 2-phase interconnection iec15000304 v2 en-us figure 44: railway transformers connection examples zgtpdis function can be us...

  • Page 158

    Additional resistive blinders in forward and reverse direction. The quadrilateral characteristic limits the resistive reach and helps to avoid incorrect operations due to load encroachment. All three zones have the same characteristic angle which can be adjusted using impcharang setting. Iec15000196...

  • Page 159

    Input card is used to automatically convert the measured secondary input signals to primary values used in zgtpdis. Default values mentioned below should be validated for each application and appropriate setting values should be adopted. Parameters for zgtpdis application function are set via local ...

  • Page 160

    Opmodez2: this is to select the operating characteristic of zone 2 distance element. This can be selected as off/mho offset/quad non-dir. Z2fwd: this is to set the zone 2 forward positive sequence impedance reach in ohm/p. It is recommended to set this to 125% of transformer impedance. Z2rev: this i...

  • Page 161

    • zgtpdis function is using full cycle dft filtering. Thus, all higher harmonics are effectively suppressed in measured current and voltage signals. • the start time of the individual underimpedance zones is typically slightly bigger than one fundamental power system cycle. • if directional operatio...

  • Page 162

    Iec16000116-1-en.Vsdx r x z2 z1 wrong phase coupling iec16000116 v1 en-us figure 46: wrong phase coupling protection section 7 1mrk 506 375-uen a impedance protection 156 railway application rer670 2.2 iec application manual.

  • Page 163

    Section 8 current protection 8.1 instantaneous phase overcurrent protection 2- phase output phpioc guid-16b23942-56a3-42e4-bc34-91ff2d3a8648 v1 8.1.1 identification m14880-1 v5 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number instantaneous phase ov...

  • Page 164

    8.1.3 setting guidelines ip14979-1 v1 m12915-4 v9 the parameters for instantaneous phase overcurrent protection phpioc are set via the local hmi or pcm600. This protection function must operate only in a selective way. So check all system and transient conditions that could cause its unwanted operat...

  • Page 165

    ~ ~ z a z b z l a b ied i fb fault iec09000022-1-en.Vsd iec09000022 v1 en-us figure 47: through fault current from a to b: i fb then a fault in a has to be applied and the through fault current i fa has to be calculated, figure 48 . In order to get the maximum through fault current, the minimum valu...

  • Page 166

    Min 1.3 s i i ³ × equation79 v3 en-us (equation 36) the protection function can be used for the specific application only if this setting value is equal to or less than the maximum fault current that the ied has to clear, i f in figure 49 . Iec09000024-1-en.Vsd ~ ~ z a z b z l a b ied i f fault iec0...

  • Page 167

    • short circuit protection of feeders. • back-up short circuit protection of transmission lines. • back-up short circuit protection of power transformers. In many applications several steps with different current pickup levels and time delays are needed. D2ptoc can have one or two, individually sett...

  • Page 168

    The parameters for two-step directional phase overcurrent protection d2ptoc are set via the local hmi or protection and control manager pcm600. Common base ied values for primary current (ibase), primary voltage (ubase) and primary power (sbase) are set in the global base values for settings functio...

  • Page 169

    Set value for the parameter currentinput comment maxph 1) d2ptoc function will measure current of the phase with maximum magnitude phase1-phase2 d2ptoc function will measure the current internally calculated as the vector difference between the phase l1 current and phase l2 current il il 1) = note t...

  • Page 170

    U ref i dir iec09000636_2_vsd 1 2 2 3 4 iec09000636 v2 en-us figure 50: directional function characteristic 1. Rca = relay characteristic angle 2. Roa = relay operating angle 3. Reverse 4. Forward 8.2.3.1 settings for step 1 m12982-19 v10 operation1: this is used to off/on the operation of step 1. S...

  • Page 171

    Table 19: inverse time characteristics curve name iec normal inverse iec very inverse iec extremely inverse iec definite time asea ri type tdef1: definite time delay for step 1. The definite time tdef1 is added to the inverse time when inverse time characteristic is selected. Note that the value set...

  • Page 172

    Harmrestr1: this is used to block the operation of step1 from the 2 nd harmonic restrain function. This function should be used when there is a risk of an unwanted trip caused by power transformer inrush currents. It can be set to off/on. Dirmode1: this is used to set the directional mode of step 1....

  • Page 173

    8.3.2 application m12699-3 v5 in many applications, when fault current is limited to a defined value by the object impedance, an instantaneous earth-fault protection can provide fast and selective tripping. 8.3.3 setting guidelines ip14985-1 v1 m12762-44 v2 m12762-4 v4 the parameters for the instant...

  • Page 174

    Iec09000023-1-en.Vsd ~ ~ z a z b z l a b ied i fa fault iec09000023 v1 en-us figure 53: through fault current from b to a: i fa the function shall not operate for any of the calculated currents to the protection. The minimum theoretical current setting (imin) will be: im , fa fb in max i i equation2...

  • Page 175

    The minimum theoretical current setting (imin) will in this case be: i m in m a x i fa i fb i m , , ( ) ³ equation287 v1 en-us (equation 40) where: i fa and i fb have been described for the single line case. Considering the safety margins mentioned previously, the minimum setting (is) is: i s = 1.3 ...

  • Page 176

    • earth-fault protection of feeders in effectively earthed two-phase railway supply system. Normally these feeders have radial structure. • back-up earth-fault protection of transmission lines. • sensitive earth-fault protection of transmission lines. Ef2ptoc can have better sensitivity to detect re...

  • Page 177

    Is required, it is important to set the definite time delay for that step to zero. The parameters for the two step residual overcurrent protection, zero sequence direction ef2ptoc is set via the local hmi or pcm600. The following settings can be done for the two step residual overcurrent protection....

  • Page 178

    T1min: minimum operating time for inverse time characteristics. At high currents the inverse time characteristic might give a very short operation time. By setting this parameter the operation time of the step can never be shorter than the setting. Current operate time in1min t1min iec15000250-1-en....

  • Page 179

    Upol = -2u 0 i>dir rca operation iec16000027-1-en.Vsdx iec16000027 v1 en-us figure 56: relay characteristic angle given in degree in a normal transmission network a normal value of rca is about 65°. Normally voltage polarizing from the internally calculated residual sum or an external open delta is ...

  • Page 180

    2ndharmstab: the rate of 2nd harmonic current content for activation of the 2nd harmonic restrain signal. The setting is given in % of the fundamental frequency residual current. 8.5 sensitive directional residual overcurrent and power protection sdepsde semod171436-1 v4 8.5.1 identification semod17...

  • Page 181

    Has -90º phase shift compared to the residual voltage (2u 0 ). The characteristic angle is chosen to -90º in such a network. In resistance earthed networks or in petersen coil earthed, with a parallel resistor, the active residual current component (in phase with the residual voltage) should be used...

  • Page 182

    Directional and power functionality uses in and un. If a connection is made to grpxn this signal is used, else if connection is made only to inputs grpxl1 and grpxl2 the internally calculated sum of these inputs (2i0 and 2u0) will be used. 8.5.3 setting guidelines semod171961-4 v10 the sensitive ear...

  • Page 183

    Where i j is the capacitive earth fault current at a non-resistive phase-to-earth fault x c is the capacitive reactance to earth in a system with a neutral point resistor (resistance earthed system) the impedance z 0 can be calculated as: 0 2 2 c n c n jx r z jx r iecequation16032 v1 en-us (equation...

  • Page 184

    Substation a substation b z lineab,1 (pos. Seq) z lineab,0 (zero seq) z linebc,1 (pos. Seq) z linebc,0 (zero seq) u 0a u 0b 2i 0 phase to earth fault r n z t,1 (pos. Seq) z t,0 (zero seq) source impedance z sc (pos. Seq) iec16000126-1-en.Vsdx iec16000126 v1 en-us figure 58: equivalent of power syste...

  • Page 185

    The residual power, measured by the sensitive earth fault protections in a and b will be: 0 0 0 2 2 a a s u i iecequation16099 v1 en-us (equation 50) 0 0 0 2 2 b b s u i iecequation16100 v1 en-us (equation 51) the residual power is a complex quantity. The protection will have a maximum sensitivity i...

  • Page 186

    With opmode set to 2i0cosfi the current component in the direction equal to the characteristic anglercadir has the maximum sensitivity. The characteristic for rcadir is equal to 0° is shown in figure 59 . 0 , 90 rcadir roadir 0 2i 0 ref ang(2i ) ang(2u ) 0 ref 2u u 0 2i cos iec16000127-1-en.Vsdx iec...

  • Page 187

    When opmode is set to 2i0 and fi the function will operate if the residual current is larger than the setting indir> and the residual current angle is within the sector rcadir ± roadir. The characteristic for this opmode when rcadir = 0° and roadir = 80° is shown in figure 61 . -2u 0 operate area 2i...

  • Page 188

    The characteristic angle of the directional functions rcadir is set in degrees. Rcadir is normally set equal to 0° in a high impedance earthed network with a neutral point resistor as the active current component is appearing out on the faulted feeder only. Rcadir is set equal to -90° in an isolated...

  • Page 189

    Table 21: inverse time characteristics curve name ansi extremely inverse ansi very inverse ansi normal inverse ansi moderately inverse ansi/ieee definite time ansi long time extremely inverse ansi long time very inverse ansi long time inverse iec normal inverse iec very inverse iec inverse iec extre...

  • Page 190

    8.6 thermal overload protection, one time constant, celsius lpttr guid-446b7894-9cac-47c6-babc-8d3f4c7ca5f4 v1 8.6.1 identification m17106-1 v7 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number thermal overload protection, one time constant, celsius...

  • Page 191

    The following applications are possible by using thermal overload protection function with one time constant lpttr: • thermal overload protection of overhead lines where the outside air temperature is given as the ambient temperature to the function. Alternatively, an average outside air temperature...

  • Page 192

    Temperature in degrees celsius) and associated comparator (i.E. Realcomp) and timer (i.E. Timerset) function blocks. By using such additional logic, for example, an automatic control of power transformer cooling fans can be engineered within the ied. 8.6.3 setting guideline ip14994-1 v1 m15094-3 v8 ...

  • Page 193

    Tau: the thermal time constant of the protected circuit given in minutes. Please refer to equipment manufacturer manuals for details. Triptemp: temperature value for trip of the protected circuit. For cables, a maximum allowed conductor temperature is often stated to be 90°c. For overhead lines, the...

  • Page 194

    8.7.2 setting guidelines m11546-4 v9 the parameters for breaker failure protection ccrwrbrf application function are set via the local hmi or protection and control manager pcm600. Common base ied values for primary current (ibase), primary voltage (ubase) and primary power (sbase) are set in the gl...

  • Page 195

    Retripmode functionmode description no cbpos check current re-trip is done without check of current level contact re-trip is done without check of auxiliary contact position current/contact re-trip is done without check of current level or auxiliary contact position ip>: current level for detection ...

  • Page 196

    Time the fault occurs protection operate time trip and start ccrwrbrf normal t cbopen margin retrip delay t1 t cbopen after re-trip t bfpreset minimum back-up trip delay t2 critical fault clearance time for stability iec15000141-1-en.Vsdx iec15000141 v1 en-us figure 62: time sequence tcbalarm: time ...

  • Page 197

    8.8.2 application guid-7ec7cf0b-41b6-4383-b60c-90f39464169b v2 overcurrent protection with binary release (brptoc) is a simple, non-directional two-phase overcurrent protection function with definite time delay. A single step is available within the function. The current pickup level and definite ti...

  • Page 198

    8.9.2 application guid-3ca66549-3cb0-456c-b8fd-54f504792eb2 v2 the transformer is placed on an insulated platform using the rails. The rails are cut at each end and insulated with respect to ground by setting the holding-down bolts in the concrete foundation without any contact to the reinforcement ...

  • Page 199

    Iec15000106-1-en.Vsdx ~ z g i> i f,e r g,i r g,c v ng i ng iec15000106 v1 en-us figure 64: behaviour of ground fault protection during an external fault where: r g,i leakage resistance of the tank r g,c ground contact resistance z g neutral grounding impedance i ng is described as: i g c g g ng ng r...

  • Page 200

    Resistance r g,i should not exceed a certain value regardless of atmospheric conditions. 8.9.3 setting guidelines guid-916b2550-5c16-47f7-9782-7dd6fabaa0a2 v1 the parameters for transformer tank protection tppioc are set via the local hmi or pcm600. The setting parameters for the transformer tank pr...

  • Page 201

    Section 9 voltage protection 9.1 two step undervoltage protection u2rwptuv guid-314d4095-0121-4ffa-bb88-7f861232de8b v1 9.1.1 identification m16876-1 v7 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number undervoltage protection, two steps u2rwptuv 2(...

  • Page 202

    It is a useful function in circuits for local or remote automation processes in the power system. 9.1.3 setting guidelines m13851-3 v9 all the voltage conditions in the system where u2rwptuv performs its functions should be considered. The same also applies to the associated equipment, its voltage a...

  • Page 203

    Common base ied values for primary current (ibase), primary voltage (ubase) and primary power (sbase) are set in the global base values for settings function gbasval. Globalbasesel: this is used to select gbasval function for reference of base values. Conntype: sets whether the measurement shall be ...

  • Page 204

    9.2 two step overvoltage protection o2rwptov guid-42ccbd71-1d8e-44a1-97d4-2391342fb76e v1 9.2.1 identification m17002-1 v8 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number overvoltage protection, two steps o2rwptov 2(2u>) iec15000214 v1 en-us 59 9....

  • Page 205

    9.2.3 setting guidelines m13852-4 v10 the parameters for two step overvoltage protection (o2rwptov) are set via the local hmi or protection and control manager pcm600. All the voltage conditions in the system where o2rwptov performs its functions should be considered. The same also applies to the as...

  • Page 206

    Ubase (given in globalbasesel): set as rated phase-to-phase voltage in primary kv. This voltage is used as reference for voltage setting. O2rwptov measures selectively phase-to-earth voltages, or phase-to-phase voltage chosen by the setting conntype. The function will operate if the voltage gets hig...

  • Page 207

    9.3 two step residual overvoltage protection rov2ptov ip14546-1 v4 9.3.1 identification semod54295-2 v6 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number two step residual overvoltage protection rov2ptov 2(u0>) iec15000108 v1 en-us 59n 9.3.2 applica...

  • Page 208

    9.3.3.1 high impedance earthed systems m13853-18 v10 in high impedance earthed systems, an earth fault on one phase will cause a voltage collapse in that phase. However, the other healthy phase voltage will raise to full phase-to-phase voltage value. The residual voltage sum 2u 0 will raise to the s...

  • Page 209

    The setting depends on the required sensitivity of the protection and the type of system earthing. In high impedance earthed systems, the residual voltage can be at maximum rated phase-to-phase voltage, which should correspond to 200%. In solidly earthed systems, this value depends on the ratio z0/z...

  • Page 210

    204.

  • Page 211

    Section 10 frequency protection 10.1 underfrequency protection saptuf ip15746-1 v3 10.1.1 identification m14865-1 v5 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number underfrequency protection saptuf f symbol-p v1 en-us 81l 10.1.2 application m13350...

  • Page 212

    There are two specific application areas for saptuf: 1. To protect equipment against damage due to low frequency, such as generators, transformers, and motors. Overexcitation is also related to low frequency 2. To protect a power system, or a part of a power system, against breakdown, by shedding lo...

  • Page 213

    Section 11 secondary system supervision 11.1 current circuit supervision ccsspvc ip14555-1 v5 11.1.1 identification m14870-1 v5 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number current circuit supervision ccsspvc ind/i iec15000306 v1 en-us 87 11.1....

  • Page 214

    11.1.3 setting guidelines m12397-17 v8 the parameters for current circuit supervision ccsspvc are set via local hmi or protection and control manager pcm600. Common base ied values for primary current (ibase), primary voltage (ubase) and primary power (sbase) are set in the global base values for se...

  • Page 215

    It is possible to use different measures to prevent such unwanted operations. Miniature circuit breakers in the voltage measuring circuits should be located as close as possible to the voltage instrument transformers, and shall be equipped with auxiliary contacts that are wired to the ieds. Separate...

  • Page 216

    Ibase iset di prim / ) 100 ( iecequation216 v1 en-us the voltage threshold uph> is used to identify low voltage condition in the system. Set uph> below the minimum operating voltage during emergency conditions. A safety margin of approximately 70% of ubase is recommended. The current threshold iph> ...

  • Page 217

    Section 12 control 12.1 synchrocheck, energizing check, and synchronizing sesrsyn ip14558-1 v4 12.1.1 identification m14889-1 v4 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number synchrocheck, energizing check, and synchronizing sesrsyn sc/vc symbol...

  • Page 218

    The bus and line frequencies must also be within a range of ±10% from the rated frequency. When the synchronizing option is included also for autoreclose there is no reason to have different frequency setting for the manual and automatic reclosing and the frequency difference values for synchronism ...

  • Page 219

    Table 24: selection of phase shift for different combinations of selphasebus and selphaseline selphase bus selphase line phaseshift in degrees phase l1 or positive sequence phase l1 or positive sequence 0 phase l1 or positive sequence phase l2 180 phase l2 phase l1 or positive sequence 180 phase l2 ...

  • Page 220

    • live line and live bus. • voltage level difference. • frequency difference (slip). The bus and line frequency must also be within a range of ±10% deviated from rated frequency. • phase angle difference. A time delay is available to ensure that the conditions are fulfilled for a minimum period of t...

  • Page 221

    12.1.2.3 energizing check m12310-3 v12 the main purpose of the energizing check function is to facilitate the controlled re- connection of disconnected lines and buses to energized buses and lines. The energizing check function measures the bus and line voltages and compares them to both high and lo...

  • Page 222

    The purpose of the delayed operate time is to ensure that the dead side remains de- energized and that the condition is not due to temporary interference. 12.1.2.4 external fuse failure m12322-3 v12 either external fuse-failure signals or signals from a tripped miniature circuit breaker are connecte...

  • Page 223

    Iec17000001-1-en.Vsdx sesrsyn u2pbb* u2pln* block blksynch blksc blkenerg ubok ubff ulnok ulnff startsyn tstsynch tstsc tstenerg aenmode menmode synok autosyok autoenok mansyok manenok tstsynok tstautsy tstmansy tstenok uselfail synprogr synfail uoksyn udiffsyn frdi fsyn frdi ffo k frderiva uoksc ud...

  • Page 224

    12.1.3.1 single circuit breaker with single busbar m12324-3 v12 wa1_mcb line wa1 qb1 qa1 iec16000123-1-en.Vsdx line_vt line_mcb wa1_mcb sesrsyn u2pbb* u2pln* ubok ubff ulok ulff wa1_vt wa1_vt line_vt line_mcb wa1_mcb iec16000123 v1 en-us figure 69: connection of sesrsyn function block in a single bu...

  • Page 225

    General settings operation: the operation mode can be set on or off. The setting off disables the whole function. Gblbaseselbus and gblbaseselline these configuration settings are used for selecting one of twelve gbasval functions, which then is used as base value reference voltage, for bus and line...

  • Page 226

    Setting of the voltage difference between the line voltage and the bus voltage. The difference is set depending on the network configuration and expected voltages in the two networks running asynchronously. A normal setting is 0.10-0.15 p.U. Freqdiffmin the setting freqdiffmin is the minimum frequen...

  • Page 227

    The setting for the duration of the breaker close pulse. Tmaxsynch the setting tmaxsynch is set to reset the operation of the synchronizing function if the operation does not take place within this time. The setting must allow for the setting of freqdiffmin, which will decide how long it will take m...

  • Page 228

    The phase angle difference level settings, phasediffm and phasediffa, shall also be chosen depending on conditions in the network. The phase angle setting must be chosen to allow closing under maximum load condition. A typical maximum value in heavy-loaded networks can be 45 degrees, whereas in most...

  • Page 229

    The threshold voltages ulowbusenerg and ulowlineenerg, have to be set to a value greater than the value where the network is considered not to be energized. A typical value can be 40% of the base voltages. A disconnected line can have a considerable potential due to, for instance, induction from a l...

  • Page 230

    Which are transient by nature. When the power line is switched off by the operation of line protection and line breakers, the arc de-ionizes and recovers its ability to withstand voltage at a somewhat variable rate. Thus, a certain dead time with a de- energized line is necessary. Line service can t...

  • Page 231

    If the fault is permanent, the line protection will trip again when reclosing is attempted in order to clear the fault. It is common to use one automatic reclosing function per line circuit breaker (cb). When one cb per line end is used, then there is one auto- recloser per line end. If auto reclose...

  • Page 232

    12.2.2.1 auto reclosing operation off and on m12391-91 v6 operation of the automatic recloser can be set to off and on by a setting parameter or by external control. The setting parameter operation = off, or on sets the function to off or on. With the settings operation = on and externalctrl = on , ...

  • Page 233

    Circuit breaker open an auto reclosing start pulse is generated and latched in the function, subject to the usual checks. The auto reclosing sequence continues then as usual. Signals from manual tripping and other functions, which shall prevent auto reclosing, need to be connected to the inhibit inp...

  • Page 234

    12.2.2.9 pulsing of the circuit breaker closing command and counter m12391-205 v4 the circuit breaker closing command, closecb is given as a pulse with a duration set by the tpulse setting. For circuit breakers without an anti-pumping function, close pulse cutting can be used. It is selected by the ...

  • Page 235

    • shall back-up time delayed trip give lock-out (normally yes) • shall lock-out be generated when closing onto a fault (mostly) • shall lock-out be generated when the auto recloser is off at the fault • shall lock-out be generated if the circuit breaker did not have sufficient operating power for an...

  • Page 236

    12.2.2.13 thermal overload protection holding the auto recloser back m12391-226 v3 if the tholhold input (thermal overload protection holding auto reclosing back) is activated, it will keep the auto recloser on a hold until it is reset. There may thus be a considerable delay between start of the aut...

  • Page 237

    External ieds via the i/o and internal functions. An or-gate is then used for the combination. On and off these inputs can be connected to binary inputs or to a communication interface block for external control. Reset used to reset the auto recloser to start conditions. Possible hold by thermal ove...

  • Page 238

    Tholhold signal “thermal overload protection holding back auto reclosing”. It can be connected to a thermal overload protection trip signal which resets only when the thermal content has fallen to an acceptable level, for example, 70%. As long as the signal is high, indicating that the line is hot, ...

  • Page 239

    Inhibout if the inhibit input is activated it is reported on the inhibout output. Inprogr indicates that an auto recloser sequence is in progress, from start until circuit breaker close command. Ready indicates that the auto recloser is ready for a new and complete auto reclosing sequence. It can be...

  • Page 240

    On off blkon blkoff inhibit blocked seton inprogr active unsuccl succl closecb cbready cbclosed reset start tholhold ready trsotf sync input xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx or output xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx protection xxxx-trip zcvpsof-trip sesrsyn-autook bim bom smbrrec starths skiphs rstcount ipt...

  • Page 241

    Depend on a circuit breaker failing to clear the fault. A protection trip signal present when the circuit breaker is reclosed will result in a new trip. The user can set a maximum start pulse duration time tlongstartinh. This start pulse duration time is controlled by the longstartinhib setting. Whe...

  • Page 242

    Breakers without anti-pumping relays, the setting cutpulse = on can be used to avoid repeated closing operations when reclosing onto a fault. A new start will then cut the ongoing pulse. Treclaim: the reclaim time sets the time for resetting the function to its original state, after which a line fau...

  • Page 243

    T2 , t3, t4, t5: the delay of auto reclosing shot two and possible later shots are usually set at 30s or more. A check that the circuit breaker duty cycle can manage the selected setting must be done. The setting can in some cases be restricted by national regulations. For multiple shots the setting...

  • Page 244

    Station hmi gw cc station bus breakers disconnectors earthing switches iec08000227.Vsd apparatus control ied i/o local hmi apparatus control ied i/o apparatus control ied i/o local hmi local hmi iec08000227 v1 en-us figure 74: overview of the apparatus control functions features in the apparatus con...

  • Page 245

    • reservation input resin • local remote locrem • local remote control locremctrl the signal flow between the function blocks is shown in figure 75 . To realize the reservation function, the function blocks reservation input (resin) and bay reserve (qcrsv) also are included in the apparatus control ...

  • Page 246

    Merging unit bay level ied xcbr xcbr xcbr scswi iec 61850 on station bus xswi qcbay scilo scswi goosexlnrcv scilo xlnproxy goosexlnrcv xlnproxy -qa1 -qb1 -qb9 goose over process bus iec16000070-1-en.Vsdx iec16000070 v1 en-us figure 76: signal flow between apparatus control functions with xcbr and xs...

  • Page 247

    Accepted originator categories for psto if the requested command is accepted by the authority control, the value will change. Otherwise the attribute blocked-by-switching-hierarchy is set in the cause signal. If the psto value is changed during a command, then the command is aborted. The accepted or...

  • Page 248

    (local hmi on the ied) or from all (local and remote). The local/remote switch position can also be set to off, which means no operator place selected that is, operation is not possible either from local or from remote. For iec 61850-8-1 communication, the bay control function can be set to discrimi...

  • Page 249

    • a request initiates to reserve other bays to prevent simultaneous operation. • actual position inputs for interlocking information are read and evaluated if the operation is permitted. • the synchrocheck/synchronizing conditions are read and checked, and performs operation upon positive response. ...

  • Page 250

    The content of this function is represented by the iec 61850 definitions for the logical nodes circuit breaker (sxcbr) and circuit switch (sxswi) with mandatory functionality. 12.3.1.4 proxy for signals from switching device via goose xlnproxy guid-2da1e47c-5a9a-4c53-8d60-7b1729ef6b90 v1 the purpose...

  • Page 251

    Iec16000072 v1 en-us figure 79: configuration with xlnproxy and goosexlnrcv where only the mandatory data in the iec 61850 modelling is used all the information from the xlnproxy to the scswi about command following status, causes for failed command and selection status is transferred in the output ...

  • Page 252

    Table 27: possible cause values from xlnproxy cause no cause description conditions 8 blocked-by-mode the beh input is 5. 2 blocked-by-switching-hierarchy the loc input indicates that only local commands are allowed for the breaker ied function. -24 blocked-for-open-cmd the blkopn is active indicati...

  • Page 253

    Indications from these bays are then transferred over the station bus for evaluation in the ied. After the evaluation the operation can be executed with high security. This functionality is realized over the station bus by means of the function blocks qcrsv and resin. The application principle is sh...

  • Page 254

    Scswi selected res_ext + ied bi bo ied bi bo or other scswi in the bay en05000118.Vsd iec05000118 v2 en-us figure 81: application principles for reservation with external wiring the solution in figure 81 can also be realized over the station bus according to the application example in figure 82 . Th...

  • Page 255

    • the switch controller (scswi) initializes all operations for one apparatus. It is the command interface of the apparatus. It includes the position reporting as well as the control of the position • the circuit breaker (sxcbr) is the process interface to the circuit breaker for the apparatus contro...

  • Page 256

    Sxcbr (circuit breaker) interlocking function block (not a ln) scswi (switching control) qcbay (bay control) smbrrec (auto- reclosure) i/o trip close rel. Res. Req. Start a r close cb position res. Granted operator place selection scswi (switching control) sxswi (disconnector) open cmd close cmd pos...

  • Page 257

    12.3.3.1 bay control (qcbay) m16670-3 v7 if the parameter allpstovalid is set to no priority, all originators from local and remote are accepted without any priority. If the parameter remoteincstation is set to yes, commands from iec 61850-8-1 clients at both station and remote level are accepted, w...

  • Page 258

    Function. If tsynchrocheck is set to 0, no synchrocheck is done, before starting the synchronizing function. The timer tsynchronizing supervises that the signal synchronizing in progress is obtained in scswi after start of the synchronizing function. The start signal for the synchronizing is set if ...

  • Page 259

    The default length is set to 200 ms for a circuit breaker (sxcbr) and 500 ms for a disconnector (sxswi). 12.3.3.4 proxy for signals from switching device via goose xlnproxy guid-7c253fe7-6e02-4f94-96c7-81c9129d925d v1 the switchtype setting controls the evaluation of the operating capability. If swi...

  • Page 260

    12.3.3.6 reservation input (resin) m16678-3 v3 with the futureuse parameter set to bay future use the function can handle bays not yet installed in the sa system. 12.4 interlocking ip15572-1 v2 m13530-4 v4 the main purpose of switchgear interlocking is: • to avoid the dangerous or damaging operation...

  • Page 261

    The switch positions used by the operational interlocking logic are obtained from auxiliary contacts or position sensors. For each end position (open or closed) a true indication is needed - thus forming a double indication. The apparatus control function continuously checks its consistency. If neit...

  • Page 262

    Qb1 qb2 qc1 qa1 qc2 qb9 qc9 wa1 (a) wa2 (b) wa7 (c) qb7 en04000478.Vsd iec04000478 v1 en-us figure 84: switchyard layout abc_line m13560-4 v5 the signals from other bays connected to the module abc_line are described below. 12.4.2.2 signals from bypass busbar m13560-6 v5 to derive the signals: signa...

  • Page 263

    Qb7optr (bay 1) qb7optr (bay 2) . . . . . . Qb7optr (bay n-1) & bb7_d_op vpqb7tr (bay 1) vpqb7tr (bay 2) . . . . . . Vpqb7tr (bay n-1) & vp_bb7_d exdu_bpb (bay 1) exdu_bpb (bay 2) . . . . . . Exdu_bpb (bay n-1) & exdu_bpb en04000477.Vsd iec04000477 v1 en-us figure 85: signals from bypass busbar in l...

  • Page 264

    These signals from each bus-coupler bay (abc_bc) are needed: signal bc12cltr a bus-coupler connection through the own bus-coupler exists between busbar wa1 and wa2. Bc17optr no bus-coupler connection through the own bus-coupler between busbar wa1 and wa7. Bc17cltr a bus-coupler connection through th...

  • Page 265

    Bc12cltr (sect.1) dccltr (a1a2) dccltr (b1b2) >1 & bc12cltr (sect.2) & vpbc12tr (sect.1) vpdctr (a1a2) vpdctr (b1b2) vpbc12tr (sect.2) >1 & bc17optr (sect.1) dcoptr (a1a2) bc17optr (sect.2) >1 & bc17cltr (sect.1) dccltr (a1a2) bc17cltr (sect.2) & vpbc17tr (sect.1) vpdctr (a1a2) vpbc17tr (sect.2) >1 ...

  • Page 266

    Bc_27 are set to open by setting the appropriate module inputs as follows. In the functional block diagram, 0 and 1 are designated 0=false and 1=true: • qb7_op = 1 • qb7_cl = 0 • qc71_op = 1 • qc71_cl = 0 • bb7_d_op = 1 • bc_17_op = 1 • bc_17_cl = 0 • bc_27_op = 1 • bc_27_cl = 0 • exdu_bpb = 1 • vp_...

  • Page 267

    12.4.3.1 application m13555-3 v8 the interlocking for bus-coupler bay (abc_bc) function is used for a bus-coupler bay connected to a double busbar arrangement according to figure 88 . The function can also be used for a single busbar arrangement with transfer busbar or double busbar arrangement with...

  • Page 268

    For bus-coupler bay n, these conditions are valid: qb12optr (bay 1) qb12optr (bay 2) . . . . . . Qb12optr (bay n-1) & bbtr_op vpqb12tr (bay 1) vpqb12tr (bay 2) . . . . . . Vpqb12tr (bay n-1) & vp_bbtr exdu_12 (bay 1) exdu_12 (bay 2) . . . . . . Exdu_12 (bay n-1) & exdu_12 en04000481.Vsd iec04000481 ...

  • Page 269

    Are used. The same type of module (a1a2_bs) is used for different busbars, that is, for both bus-section circuit breakers a1a2_bs and b1b2_bs. Signal s1s2optr no bus-section coupler connection between bus-sections 1 and 2. Vps1s2tr the switch status of bus-section coupler bs is valid. Exdu_bs no tra...

  • Page 270

    Signal bc_12_cl another bus-coupler connection exists between busbar wa1 and wa2. Vp_bc_12 the switch status of bc_12 is valid. Exdu_bc no transmission error from any bus-coupler bay (bc). These signals from each bus-coupler bay (abc_bc), except the own bay, are needed: signal bc12cltr a bus-coupler...

  • Page 271

    Dccltr (a1a2) dccltr (b1b2) bc12cltr (sect.2) vpdctr (a1a2) vpdctr (b1b2) vpbc12tr (sect.2) exdu_dc (a1a2) exdu_dc (b1b2) exdu_bc (sect.2) & bc_12_cl vp_bc_12 exdu_bc en04000485.Vsd & & iec04000485 v1 en-us figure 93: signals to a bus-coupler bay in section 1 from a bus-coupler bay in another sectio...

  • Page 272

    • bc_12_cl = 0 • vp_bc_12 = 1 • bbtr_op = 1 • vp_bbtr = 1 12.4.4 interlocking for transformer bay ab_trafo ip14149-1 v2 12.4.4.1 application m13567-3 v7 the interlocking for transformer bay (ab_trafo) function is used for a transformer bay connected to a double busbar arrangement according to figure...

  • Page 273

    12.4.4.2 signals from bus-coupler m13566-6 v4 if the busbar is divided by bus-section disconnectors into bus-sections, the busbar- busbar connection could exist via the bus-section disconnector and bus-coupler within the other bus-section. Section 1 section 2 a1a2_dc(bs) b1b2_dc(bs) ab_trafo abc_bc ...

  • Page 274

    If there is no second busbar b at the other side of the transformer and therefore no qb4 disconnector, then the state for qb4 is set to open by setting the appropriate module inputs as follows: • qb4_op = 1 • qb4_cl = 0 12.4.5 interlocking for bus-section breaker a1a2_bs ip14154-1 v2 12.4.5.1 applic...

  • Page 275

    Section 1 section 2 a1a2_bs b1b2_bs abc_line abc_bc abc_line abc_bc (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 (wa7)c c b2 a2 en04000489.Vsd ab_trafo ab_trafo iec04000489 v1 en-us figure 97: busbars divided by bus-section circuit breakers to derive the signals: signal bbtr_op no busbar transfer is in progress concerning this ...

  • Page 276

    S1s2optr (b1b2) bc12optr (sect.1) qb12optr (bay 1/sect.2) qb12optr (bay n/sect.2) s1s2optr (b1b2) bc12optr (sect.2) qb12optr (bay 1/sect.1) qb12optr (bay n /sect.1) bbtr_op vp_bbtr exdu_12 en04000490.Vsd >1 & >1 & . . . . . . . . . . . . & & vps1s2tr (b1b2) vpbc12tr (sect.1) vpqb12tr (bay 1/sect.2) ...

  • Page 277

    S1s2optr (a1a2) bc12optr (sect.1) qb12optr (bay 1/sect.2) qb12optr (bay n/sect.2) s1s2optr (a1a2) bc12optr (sect.2) qb12optr (bay 1/sect.1) qb12optr (bay n /sect.1) bbtr_op vp_bbtr exdu_12 en04000491.Vsd >1 & >1 & . . . . . . . . . . . . & & vps1s2tr (a1a2) vpbc12tr (sect.1) vpqb12tr (bay 1/sect.2) ...

  • Page 278

    12.4.6 interlocking for bus-section disconnector a1a2_dc ip14159-1 v2 12.4.6.1 application m13544-3 v7 the interlocking for bus-section disconnector (a1a2_dc) function is used for one bus-section disconnector between section 1 and 2 according to figure 100 . A1a2_dc function can be used for differen...

  • Page 279

    Signal s1dc_op all disconnectors on bus-section 1 are open. S2dc_op all disconnectors on bus-section 2 are open. Vps1_dc the switch status of disconnectors on bus-section 1 is valid. Vps2_dc the switch status of disconnectors on bus-section 2 is valid. Exdu_bb no transmission error from any bay that...

  • Page 280

    Qb1optr (bay 1/sect.A1) s1dc_op vps1_dc exdu_bb en04000494.Vsd & & & qb1optr (bay n/sect.A1) . . . . . . . . . Vpqb1tr (bay 1/sect.A1) vpqb1tr (bay n/sect.A1) exdu_bb (bay 1/sect.A1) exdu_bb (bay n/sect.A1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iec04000494 v1 en-us figure 102: signals from any bays in...

  • Page 281

    Qb2optr (qb220otr)(bay 1/sect.B1) s1dc_op vps1_dc exdu_bb en04000496.Vsd qb2optr (qb220otr)(bay n/sect.B1) . . . . . . . . . Vpqb2tr (vqb220tr)(bay 1/sect.B1) vpqb2tr (vqb220tr)(bay n/sect.B1) exdu_bb (bay 1/sect.B1) exdu_bb (bay n/sect.B1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & & & iec04000496 v1 en...

  • Page 282

    Section 1 section 2 a1a2_dc(bs) b1b2_dc(bs) db_bus db_bus db_bus db_bus (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 b2 a2 en04000498.Vsd iec04000498 v1 en-us figure 106: busbars divided by bus-section disconnectors (circuit breakers) to derive the signals: signal s1dc_op all disconnectors on bus-section 1 are open. S2dc_op all...

  • Page 283

    Qb1optr (bay 1/sect.A1) s1dc_op vps1_dc exdu_bb en04000499.Vsd & & & qb1optr (bay n/sect.A1) . . . . . . . . . Vpqb1tr (bay 1/sect.A1) vpqb1tr (bay n/sect.A1) exdu_db (bay 1/sect.A1) exdu_db (bay n/sect.A1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iec04000499 v1 en-us figure 107: signals from double-brea...

  • Page 284

    Qb2optr (bay 1/sect.B1) s1dc_op vps1_dc exdu_bb en04000501.Vsd & & & qb2optr (bay n/sect.B1) . . . . . . . . . Vpqb2tr (bay 1/sect.B1) vpqb2tr (bay n/sect.B1) exdu_db (bay 1/sect.B1) exdu_db (bay n/sect.B1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iec04000501 v1 en-us figure 109: signals from double-brea...

  • Page 285

    Section 1 section 2 a1a2_dc(bs) b1b2_dc(bs) bh_line (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 b2 a2 en04000503.Vsd bh_line bh_line bh_line iec04000503 v1 en-us figure 111: busbars divided by bus-section disconnectors (circuit breakers) the project-specific logic is the same as for the logic for the double-breaker configurati...

  • Page 286

    Section 1 section 2 a1a2_dc(bs) b1b2_dc(bs) ab_trafo abc_line bb_es abc_line (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 (wa7)c c b2 a2 en04000505.Vsd bb_es abc_bc iec04000505 v1 en-us figure 113: busbars divided by bus-section disconnectors (circuit breakers) to derive the signals: signal bb_dc_op all disconnectors on this pa...

  • Page 287

    If the busbar is divided by bus-section circuit breakers, the signals from the bus- section coupler bay (a1a2_bs) rather than the bus-section disconnector bay (a1a2_dc) must be used. For b1b2_bs, corresponding signals from busbar b are used. The same type of module (a1a2_bs) is used for different bu...

  • Page 288

    Qb1optr (bay 1/sect.A2) bb_dc_op vp_bb_dc exdu_bb en04000507.Vsd qb1optr (bay n/sect.A2) . . . . . . . . . Vpqb1tr (bay 1/sect.A2) vpqb1tr (bay n/sect.A2) vpdctr (a1/a2) exdu_bb (bay n/sect.A2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & & & dcoptr (a1/a2) exdu_bb (bay 1/sect.A2) exdu_dc (a1/a2) iec040005...

  • Page 289

    Qb2optr(qb220otr) (bay 1/sect.B2) bb_dc_op vp_bb_dc exdu_bb en04000509.Vsd qb2optr(qb220otr) (bay n/sect.B2) . . . . . . . . . Vpqb2tr(vqb220tr) (bay 1/sect.B2) vpqb2tr(vqb220tr) (bay n/sect.B2) vpdctr (b1/b2) exdu_bb (bay n/sect.B2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & & & dcoptr (b1/b2) exdu_bb (...

  • Page 290

    Section 1 section 2 a1a2_dc(bs) b1b2_dc(bs) bb_es bb_es db_bus (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 b2 a2 en04000511.Vsd db_bus iec04000511 v1 en-us figure 119: busbars divided by bus-section disconnectors (circuit breakers) to derive the signals: signal bb_dc_op all disconnectors of this part of the busbar are open. Vp...

  • Page 291

    Section 1 section 2 a1a2_dc(bs) b1b2_dc(bs) bb_es bb_es bh_line (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 b2 a2 en04000512.Vsd bh_line iec04000512 v1 en-us figure 120: busbars divided by bus-section disconnectors (circuit breakers) the project-specific logic are the same as for the logic for the double busbar configuration d...

  • Page 292

    Wa1 (a) wa2 (b) qb1 qc1 qa1 qc2 qc9 qb61 qb9 qb2 qc4 qa2 qc5 qc3 qb62 db_bus_b db_line db_bus_a en04000518.Vsd iec04000518 v1 en-us figure 121: switchyard layout double circuit breaker m13584-4 v4 for a double circuit-breaker bay, the modules db_bus_a, db_line and db_bus_b must be used. 12.4.8.2 con...

  • Page 293

    12.4.9 interlocking for 1 1/2 cb bh ip14173-1 v3 12.4.9.1 application m13570-3 v6 the interlocking for 1 1/2 breaker diameter (bh_conn, bh_line_a, bh_line_b) functions are used for lines connected to a 1 1/2 breaker diameter according to figure 122 . Wa1 (a) wa2 (b) qb1 qc1 qa1 qc2 qc9 qb6 qb9 qb2 q...

  • Page 294

    • qb9_op = 1 • qb9_cl = 0 • qc9_op = 1 • qc9_cl = 0 if, in this case, line voltage supervision is added, then rather than setting qb9 to open state, specify the state of the voltage supervision: • qb9_op = volt_off • qb9_cl = volt_on if there is no voltage supervision, then set the corresponding inp...

  • Page 295

    • with the master-follower method • with the reverse reactance method • with the circulating current method of these alternatives, the first and the last require communication between the function control blocks of the different transformers, whereas the middle alternative does not require any commu...

  • Page 296

    Information about the control location is given to tr1atcc or tr8atcc function through connection of the permitted source to operate (psto) output of the qcbay function block to the input psto of the tr1atcc or tr8atcc function block. Control mode semod159053-35 v4 the control mode of the automatic ...

  • Page 297

    Lo ad t ap c ha ng er raise,lower signals/alarms position bom mim ied i l1 ,i l2 ,i l3 trm 3ph or ph-ph or 1ph current high voltage side (load current) i l low voltage side line impedance r+jx u b (busbar voltage) load center ul (load point voltage) iec10000044-2-en.Vsd bim 3ph or ph-ph or 1ph volta...

  • Page 298

    Tr1atcc then compares this voltage with the set voltage, uset and decides which action should be taken. To avoid unnecessary switching around the setpoint, a deadband (degree of insensitivity) is introduced. The deadband is symmetrical around uset, see figure 124 , and it is arranged in such a way t...

  • Page 299

    Operation can be set in one of the following three ways: off /auto/auto and manual, according to the setting fsdmode. The ulower command, in fast step down mode, is issued with the settable time delay tfsd. The measured rms magnitude of the busbar voltage u b is shown on the local hmi as value busvo...

  • Page 300

    For the last equation, the condition t1 > tmin shall also be fulfilled. This practically means that tmin will be equal to the set t1 value when absolute voltage deviation da is equal to Δu ( relative voltage deviation d is equal to 1). For other values see figure 125 . It should be noted that operat...

  • Page 301

    The line voltage drop compensation function can be turned on/off by the setting parameter operationldc. When it is enabled, the voltage u l will be used by the automatic voltage control for tap changer function, tr1atcc for single control and tr8atcc for parallel control for voltage regulation inste...

  • Page 302

    1. Automatic load voltage adjustment, proportional to the load current. 2. Constant load voltage adjustment with four different preset values. In the first case the voltage adjustment is dependent on the load and maximum voltage adjustment should be obtained at rated load of the transformer. In the ...

  • Page 303

    • master-follower method • reverse reactance method • circulating current method in order to realize the need for special measures to be taken when controlling transformers in parallel, consider first two parallel transformers which are supposed to be equal with similar tap changers. If they would e...

  • Page 304

    If the parameter mfmode is set to follow tap, then the followers will read the tap position of the master and adopt to the same tap position or to a tap position with an offset relative to the master, and given by setting parameter tapposoffs (positive or negative integer value). The setting paramet...

  • Page 305

    Load t1 i l t2 u b u l i t1 i t2 en06000486.Vsd iec06000486 v1 en-us figure 128: parallel transformers with equal rated data. In the reverse reactance method, the line voltage drop compensation is used. The original of the line voltage drop compensation function purpose is to control the voltage at ...

  • Page 306

    Hence the designation “reverse reactance” or “negative reactance”. Effectively this means that, whereas the line voltage drop compensation in figure 126 gave a voltage drop along a line from the busbar voltage u b to a load point voltage u l , the line voltage drop compensation in figure 129 gives a...

  • Page 307

    Parallel control with the circulating current method semod159053-159 v5 two transformers with different turns ratio, connected to the same busbar on the hv-side, will apparently show different lv-side voltage. If they are now connected to the same lv busbar but remain unloaded, this difference in no...

  • Page 308

    The calculated circulating current i cc_i for transformer “i” is shown on the hmi as a service value icircul under main menu/test/function status/control/ transformervoltagecontrol(atcc,90)/tr8atcc:x. When the circulating current is known, it is possible to calculate a no-load voltage for each trans...

  • Page 309

    The use of mean uset is recommended for parallel operation with the circulating current method, especially in cases when load voltage adjustment is also used. Line voltage drop compensation for parallel control semod159053-186 v3 the line voltage drop compensation for a single transformer is describ...

  • Page 310

    Homing (operation with the circulating current method) semod159053-205 v3 this function can be used with parallel operation of power transformers using the circulating current method. It makes possible to keep a transformer energized from the hv side, but open on the lv side (hot stand-by), to follo...

  • Page 311

    Tr8atcc in adapt mode will continue the calculation of u di , but instead of adding u di to the measured busbar voltage, it will compare it with the deadband du. The following control rules are used: 1. If u di is positive and its modulus is greater than du, then initiate an ulower command. Tapping ...

  • Page 312

    Will in this case not be the same, and they will not reach a minimum at the same time. This might result in a situation when minimizing of the calculated circulating current will not regulate the tap changers to the same tap positions even if the power transformers are equal. However if the capaciti...

  • Page 313

    2 1 c u x q = equation1871 v1 en-us (equation 73) thereafter the current i c at the actual measured voltage u b can be calculated as: 3 b c c u i x = ´ equation1872 v1 en-us (equation 74) in this way the measured lv currents can be adjusted so that the capacitor bank current will not influence the c...

  • Page 314

    Atcc ied hv-side pforward lv-side iec06000536_1_en.Vsd qforward (inductive) iec06000536 v2 en-us figure 132: power direction references with the four outputs in the function block available, it is possible to do more than just supervise a level of power flow in one direction. By combining the output...

  • Page 315

    T1 t2 t3 99000952.Vsd u 1 u 2 u 3 z 1 z 2 z 3 i 1 i 2 i 3 =0 i l =i 1 +i 2 iec99000952 v1 en-us figure 133: disconnection of one transformer in a parallel group when the busbar arrangement is more complicated with more buses and bus couplers/bus sections, it is necessary to engineer a specific stati...

  • Page 316

    There are 10 binary signals and 6 analog signals in the data set that is transmitted from one tr8atcc block to the other tr8atcc blocks in the same parallel group: table 29: binary signals signal explanation timeron this signal is activated by the transformer that has started its timer and is going ...

  • Page 317

    The transformers controlled in parallel with the circulating current method or the master-follower method must be assigned unique identities. These identities are entered as a setting in each tr8atcc, and they are predefined as t1, t2, t3,..., t8 (transformers 1 to 8). In figure 133 there are three ...

  • Page 318

    Total block: prevents any tap changer operation independently of the control mode (automatic as well as manual). Setting parameters for blocking that can be set in tr1atcc or tr8atcc under general settings in pst/local hmi are listed in table 32 . Table 32: blocking settings setting values (range) d...

  • Page 319

    Setting values (range) description revactpartbk(auto matically reset) alarm auto block the risk of voltage instability increases as transmission lines become more heavily loaded in an attempt to maximize the efficient use of existing generation and transmission facilities. In the same time lack of r...

  • Page 320

    Setting values (range) description tapposbk (automatically reset/manually reset) alarm auto block auto&man block this blocking/alarm is activated by either: 1. The tap changer reaching an end position i.E. One of the extreme positions according to the setting parameters lowvolttap and highvolttap . ...

  • Page 321

    Table 33: blocking settings setting value (range) description totalblock (manually reset) on / off tr1atcc or tr8atcc function can be totally blocked via the setting parameter totalblock , which can be set on / off from the local hmi or pst. The output totblk will be activated. Autoblock (manually r...

  • Page 322

    Table 35: blockings without setting possibilities activation type of blocking description disconnected transformer (automatically reset) auto block automatic control is blocked for a transformer when parallel control with the circulating current method is used, and that transformer is disconnected f...

  • Page 323

    • over-current • total block via settings • total block via configuration • analog input error • automatic block via settings • automatic block via configuration • under-voltage • command error • position indication error • tap changer error • reversed action • circulating current • communication er...

  • Page 324

    Single transformer" , except that horizontal communication messages are still sent and received, but the received messages are ignored. Tr8atcc is at the same time also automatically excluded from the parallel group. Disabling of blockings in special situations semod159053-329 v4 when the automatic ...

  • Page 325

    Uraise/ulower ttctimeout tcinprog a h d e f g c b iec06000482_2_en.Vsd iec06000482 v2 en-us figure 134: timing of pulses for tap changer operation monitoring pos description a safety margin to avoid that tcinprog is not set high without the simultaneous presence of an uraise or ulower command. B tim...

  • Page 326

    In figure 134 , it can be noted that the fixed extension (c) 4 sec. Of tpulsedur, is made to prevent a situation with tcinprog set high without the simultaneous presence of an uraise or ulower command. If this would happen, tcmyltc or tclyltc would see this as a spontaneous tcinprog signal without a...

  • Page 327

    Rated load (current measured on hv-side) decrements the contactlife counter with 1. The noofoperations counter simply counts the total number of operations (incremental counter). Both counters are stored in a non-volatile memory as well as, the times and dates of their last reset. These dates are st...

  • Page 328

    Ocbk: selection of action to be taken in case any of the three phase currents on the hv-side has exceeded iblock. Mfposdiffbk: selection of action to be taken in case the tap difference between a follower and the master is greater than mfposdifflim. Ovpartbk: selection of action to be taken in case ...

  • Page 329

    Totalblock: when this setting is on the voltage control function, tr1atcc for single control and tr8atcc for parallel control, is totally blocked for manual as well as automatic control. Autoblock: when this setting is on the voltage control function, tr1atcc for single control and tr8atcc for paral...

  • Page 330

    Time t1use: selection of time characteristic (definite or inverse) for t1. T1: time delay for the initial (first) raise/lower command. T2use: selection of time characteristic (definite or inverse) for t2. T2: time delay for consecutive raise/lower commands. In the circulating current method, the sec...

  • Page 331

    U b ji t *xline u l xline rline zline i t i t *rline j j 1 j 2 du en06000626.Vsd iec06000626 v1 en-us figure 135: transformer with reverse reactance regulation and no circulating current the voltage du=u b -u l =i t *rline+j i t *xline has the argument j2 and it is realised that if j2 is slightly le...

  • Page 332

    To achieve a more correct regulation, an adjustment to a value of j2 slightly less than -90° (2 – 4° less) can be made. The effect of changing power factor of the load will be that j2 will no longer be close to -90° resulting in u l being smaller or greater than u b if the ratio rline/ xline is not ...

  • Page 333

    Xline equal to half of the transformer reactance, and then observe how the parallel control behaves during a couple of days, and then tune it as required. It shall be emphasized that a quick response of the regulation that quickly pulls the transformer tap changers into equal positions, not necessar...

  • Page 334

    Dayhuntdetect: setting of the number of tap changer operations required during the last 24 hours (sliding window) to activate the signal dayhunt hourhuntdetect: setting of the number of tap changer operations required during the last hour (sliding window) to activate the signal hourhunt twindowhunt:...

  • Page 335

    En06000635_2_en.Vsd p p iec06000635 v2 en-us figure 138: setting of a positive value for p q>: when the reactive power exceeds the value given by this setting, the output qgtfwd will be activated after the time delay tpower. It shall be noticed that the setting is given with sign, which effectively ...

  • Page 336

    • du is the deadband setting in percent. • n denotes the desired number of difference in tap position between the transformers, that shall give a voltage deviation u di which corresponds to the dead-band setting. • p is the tap step (in percent of transformer nominal voltage). • a is a safety margin...

  • Page 337

    Tmfposdiff: time delay for activation of the output outofpos. 12.5.2.3 tcmyltc and tclyltc general settings semod171501-150 v6 lowvolttap: this gives the tap position for the lowest lv-voltage. Highvolttap: this gives the tap position for the highest lv-voltage. Malow: the ma value that corresponds ...

  • Page 338

    12.6 logic rotating switch for function selection and lhmi presentation slgapc semod114936-1 v4 12.6.1 identification semod167845-2 v3 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number logic rotating switch for function selection and lhmi presentati...

  • Page 339

    Outtype: steady or pulsed. Tpulse: in case of a pulsed output, it gives the length of the pulse (in seconds). Tdelay: the delay between the up or down activation signal positive front and the output activation. Stopatextremes: sets the behavior of the switch at the end positions – if set to disabled...

  • Page 340

    Iec07000112-3-en.Vsd psto cmdpos12 ipos1 nam_pos1 nam_pos2 ipos2 cmdpos21 off on vsgapc smbrrec on off seton intone inverter input out iec07000112 v3 en-us figure 139: control of autorecloser from local hmi through selector mini switch vsgapc is also provided with iec 61850 communication so it can b...

  • Page 341

    Function block in which systems, equipment or functions should receive this information. More specifically, dpgapc function reports a combined double point position indication output position, by evaluating the value and the timestamp attributes of the inputs open and close, together with the logica...

  • Page 342

    12.9.2 application semod176511-4 v6 the single point generic control 8 signals (spc8gapc) function block is a collection of 8 single point commands that can be used for direct commands for example reset of led's or putting ied in "changelock" state from remote. In this way, simple commands can be se...

  • Page 343

    12.10.2 application semod158637-5 v4 automation bits, command function for dnp3 (autobits) is used within pcm600 in order to get into the configuration the commands coming through the dnp3.0 protocol.The autobits function plays the same role as functions goosebinrcv (for iec 61850) and multicmdrcv (...

  • Page 344

    Figure 140 shows an application example of how the user can connect singlecmd via configuration logic circuit to control a high-voltage apparatus. This type of command control is normally carried out by sending a pulse to the binary outputs of the ied. Figure 140 shows a close operation. An open bre...

  • Page 345

    Single command function singlecmd cmdouty outy function n en04000207.Vsd function n iec04000207 v2 en-us figure 141: application example showing a logic diagram for control of built-in functions single command function singlesmd cmdouty outy device 1 user- defined conditions configuration logic circ...

  • Page 346

    Parameters to be set are mode, common for the whole block, and cmdouty which includes the user defined name for each output signal. The mode input sets the outputs to be one of the types off, steady, or pulse. • off, sets all outputs to 0, independent of the values sent from the station level, that ...

  • Page 347

    When a transformer is energized, the initial value of the flux may differ from the prospective flux. This causes a dc offset of the flux-linkage and a higher-than- rated peak value. The result is an inrush current that may be several times the value of the nominal current. Due to the low relative pe...

  • Page 348

    The parameters for the xencpow function are set via the local hmi or pcm600. The common base ied values for primary current ibase and primary voltage ubase are set in the global base values for settings function gbasval. Guid-5a5d3d3b-1bd2-43fe-b07c-587dbaf1af9b v2 globalbasesel: this setting is use...

  • Page 349

    Section 13 scheme communication 13.1 scheme communication logic for distance or overcurrent protection zcpsch ip15749-1 v3 13.1.1 identification m14854-1 v4 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number scheme communication logic for distance or...

  • Page 350

    On a received cr signal for a fast trip, so its dependability is lower than that of a blocking scheme. 13.1.2.1 blocking schemes m16866-24 v5 in a blocking scheme a reverse looking zone is used to send a block signal to the remote end to block an overreaching zone. Since the scheme is sending the bl...

  • Page 351

    13.1.2.2 permissive schemes m16866-33 v4 in permissive schemes, the permission to trip is sent from the local end to the remote end(s), when the protection at the local end has detected a fault on the protected object. The received signal(s) is combined with an overreaching zone and gives an instant...

  • Page 352

    A b or a or b ur b cs b ur a cs a trip: ur or or+cr iec09000013-2-en.Vsd iec09000013 v2 en-us figure 145: principle of permissive underreaching scheme ur: underreaching or: overreaching cr: communication signal received cs: communication signal send permissive overreaching scheme m16866-41 v4 in a p...

  • Page 353

    To secure correct operations of current reversal logic in case of parallel lines the send signal cs shall not be prolonged. Set the tsendmin to zero in this case. There is no need to delay the trip at receipt of the signal, so set the timer tcoord to zero. A b or a or b or a cs a trip b = or b + cr ...

  • Page 354

    In an intertrip scheme, the send signal is initiated by an underreaching zone or from an external protection (transformer or reactor protection). At the remote end, the received signals initiate a trip without any further protection criteria. To limit the risk for an unwanted trip due to the spuriou...

  • Page 355

    13.1.3.3 permissive overreaching scheme m13869-34 v4 set operation = on set scheme type = permissive or set tcoord = 0 ms set tsendmin = 0.1 s (0 s in parallel line applications) set unblock = off set tsecurity = 0.035 s 13.1.3.4 unblocking scheme m13869-43 v4 set unblock = restart (loss of guard si...

  • Page 356

    13.2.2 application ip15023-1 v1 13.2.2.1 current reversal logic m13895-4 v6 in the case of parallel lines, overreaching permissive communication schemes can cause unwanted tripping due to current reversal. The unwanted tripping affects the healthy line when a fault is cleared on the parallel line. T...

  • Page 357

    The function can be blocked by activating the input irvblk or the general block input. 13.2.2.2 weak-end infeed logic m13895-16 v7 permissive communication schemes can basically operate only when the protection in the remote ied can detect the fault. The detection requires a sufficient minimum fault...

  • Page 358

    Common base ied values for primary current (ibase), primary voltage (ubase) and primary power (sbase) are set in a global base values for settings function gbasval. Globalbasesel: it is used to select a gbasval function for reference of base values. 13.2.3.1 current reversal logic m13856-6 v6 set cu...

  • Page 359

    13.3.2 application m13919-3 v6 to achieve fast fault clearance of earth faults on the part of the line not covered by the instantaneous step of the residual overcurrent protection, the directional residual overcurrent protection can be supported with a logic that uses communication channels. One com...

  • Page 360

    Tcoord: delay time for trip from ecpsch function. For permissive under/ overreaching schemes, this timer shall be set to at least 20 ms plus maximum reset time of the communication channel as a security margin. For blocking scheme, the setting should be > maximum signal transmission time +10 ms. Unb...

  • Page 361

    L1 l2 a1 a2 b1 b2 iec9900043-2.Vsd iec99000043 v3 en-us figure 149: current distribution for a fault close to b side when all breakers are closed l1 l2 a1 a2 b1 b2 iec99000044-2.Vsd iec99000044 v3 en-us figure 150: current distribution for a fault close to b side when breaker at b1 is opened when th...

  • Page 362

    A b iec99000054-3-en.Vsd strong source weak source iec99000054 v3 en-us figure 151: initial condition for weak-end infeed 13.4.3 setting guidelines ip15042-1 v1 m13933-4 v5 the parameters for the current reversal and weak-end infeed logic for residual overcurrent protection function are set via the ...

  • Page 363

    If the teleprotection equipment is integrated in the protection ied the decision time can be slightly reduced. The principle time sequence of signaling at current reversal is shown. Protection function protection function tele- protection equipment tele- protection equipment tele- communication syst...

  • Page 364

    358.

  • Page 365

    Section 14 logic 14.1 tripping logic smpptrc ip14576-1 v4 14.1.1 identification semod56226-2 v7 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number tripping logic smpptrc 1 -> 0 iec15000314 v1 en-us 94 14.1.2 application m12252-3 v10 all trip signals ...

  • Page 366

    Block trin setlkout rstlkout smpptrc trip cllkout impedance prot ection zone 1 trip ef4ptoc trip iec16000184-1-en.Vsd impedance prot ection zone 3 trip impedance prot ection zone 2 trip tmagapc stdir start stl1 stl2 fw rev iec16000184 v1 en-us figure 153: tripping logic smpptrc is used for a simple ...

  • Page 367

    Iec16000182-1-en.Vsdx block start fw rev stl1 fwl1 revl1 stl2 fwl2 revl2 stdir startcomb block start fw rev stl1 fwl1 revl1 stl2 fwl2 revl2 stdir startcomb block stdir1 stdir2 stdir3 stdir4 stdir5 stdir6 stdir7 stdir8 stdir9 stdir10 stdir11 stdir12 stdir13 stdir14 stdir15 stdir16 stdir smagapc start...

  • Page 368

    14.1.2.4 blocking of the function block m14828-21 v4 total block of the trip function is done by activating the input block and can be used to disable the outputs of the trip logic in the event of internal failures. 14.1.3 setting guidelines m12274-3 v8 the parameters for tripping logic smpptrc are ...

  • Page 369

    14.2.3 setting guidelines m15291-3 v5 operation: operation of function on/off. Pulsetime: defines the pulse time when in pulsed mode. When used for direct tripping of circuit breaker(s) the pulse time delay shall be set to approximately 0.150 seconds in order to obtain satisfactory minimum duration ...

  • Page 370

    14.4 logic for group alarm wrncalh 14.4.1 identification guid-3ebd3d5b-f506-4557-88d7-dfc0bd21c690 v4 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number logic for group warning wrncalh - - 14.4.1.1 application guid-fc0dbb7b-ff86-44bf-83d6-ddf120a176d...

  • Page 371

    14.6 configurable logic blocks ip11009-1 v3 the configurable logic blocks are available in two categories: • configurable logic blocks that do not propagate the time stamp and the quality of signals. They do not have the suffix qt at the end of their function block name, for example, srmemory. These...

  • Page 372

    Iec09000695_2_en.Vsd iec09000695 v2 en-us figure 155: example designation, serial execution number and cycle time for logic function iec09000310-2-en.Vsd iec09000310 v2 en-us figure 156: example designation, serial execution number and cycle time for logic function that also propagates timestamp and...

  • Page 373

    14.7 fixed signal function block fxdsign ip15080-1 v2 14.7.1 identification semod167904-2 v2 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number fixed signals fxdsign - - 14.7.2 application m15322-3 v12 the fixed signals function (fxdsign) has nine pr...

  • Page 374

    I3pw1ct1 i3pw2ct1 i3p refpdif grp_off fxdsign iec09000620_3_en.Vsd iec09000620 v3 en-us figure 158: refpdif function inputs for normal transformer application 14.8 boolean 16 to integer conversion b16i semod175715-1 v1 14.8.1 identification semod175721-2 v2 function description iec 61850 identificat...

  • Page 375

    Name of input type default description value when activated value when deactivated in1 boolean 0 input 1 1 0 in2 boolean 0 input 2 2 0 in3 boolean 0 input 3 4 0 in4 boolean 0 input 4 8 0 in5 boolean 0 input 5 16 0 in6 boolean 0 input 6 32 0 in7 boolean 0 input 7 64 0 in8 boolean 0 input 8 128 0 in9 ...

  • Page 376

    The btigapc function will transfer a combination of up to 16 binary inputs inx where 1≤x≤16 to an integer. Each inx represents a value according to the table below from 0 to 32768. This follows the general formula: inx = 2 x-1 where 1≤x≤16. The sum of all the values on the activated inx will be avai...

  • Page 377

    14.10.1 identification semod167941-2 v2 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number integer to boolean 16 conversion ib16 - - 14.10.2 application semod158499-5 v4 integer to boolean 16 conversion function (ib16) is used to transform an integer...

  • Page 378

    Name of input type default description value when activated value when deactivated in14 boolean 0 input 14 8192 0 in15 boolean 0 input 15 16384 0 in16 boolean 0 input 16 32768 0 the sum of the numbers in column “value when activated” when all inx (where 1≤x≤16) are active that is=1; is 65535. 65535 ...

  • Page 379

    Table 37: output signals name of outx type description value when activated value when deactivated out1 boolean output 1 1 0 out2 boolean output 2 2 0 out3 boolean output 3 4 0 out4 boolean output 4 8 0 out5 boolean output 5 16 0 out6 boolean output 6 32 0 out7 boolean output 7 64 0 out8 boolean out...

  • Page 380

    Settable time limits for warning and alarm are provided. The time limit for overflow indication is fixed to 999999.9 seconds. 14.12.3 setting guidelines guid-2911d624-87d5-4427-bb2f-e0d1072394fa v3 the settings talarm and twarning are user settable limits defined in seconds. The achievable resolutio...

  • Page 381

    14.13.3 setting guidelines guid-ada3e806-bef1-4d15-b270-207386a0aee4 v2 for proper operation of comparison the set value should be set within the range of ± 2 ×10 9 . Setting procedure on the ied: enaabs: this setting is used to select the comparison type between signed and absolute values. • absolu...

  • Page 382

    Set the enaabs = signed set the refsource = set value setvalue shall be set between -2000000000 to 2000000000 14.14 comparator for real inputs - realcomp 14.14.1 identification guid-0d68e846-5a15-4c2c-91a2-f81a74034e81 v1 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ie...

  • Page 383

    Equalbandhigh: this setting is used to set the equal condition high band limit in % of reference value. This high band limit will act as reset limit for inhigh output when inhigh. Equalbandlow: this setting is used to set the equal condition low band limit in % of reference value. This low band limi...

  • Page 384

    378.

  • Page 385

    Section 15 monitoring 15.1 measurement guid-9d2d47a0-fe62-4fe3-82ee-034bed82682a v1 15.1.1 identification semod56123-2 v8 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number measurements cvmmxn p_q iec15000112 v1 en-us - phase current measurement cmmx...

  • Page 386

    Easy overview of the present status of the power system. Additionally, it can be used during testing and commissioning of protection and control ieds in order to verify proper operation and connection of instrument transformers (cts and vts). During normal service by periodic comparison of the measu...

  • Page 387

    The measuring functions cmmxu, vmmxu and vnmmxu are located under: main menu/measurement/monitoring/currentphasors(i)/cmmxu main menu/measurement/monitoring/voltagephasors, phase-phase(u)/ vmmxu main menu/measurement/monitoring/voltagephasors, phase-neutral(un)/ vnmmxu cmmxu, vmmxu and vnmmxu provid...

  • Page 388

    S apparent three-phase power p active three-phase power q reactive three-phase power pf power factor ilag i lagging u ilead i leading u u system mean voltage, calculated according to selected mode i system mean current, calculated according to selected mode f frequency relevant settings and their va...

  • Page 389

    Values, the ied must be restarted in some way. Either manually or by changing some other parameter at the same time. The following general settings can be set for the phase current measurement (cmmxu): iampcompy: amplitude compensation to calibrate current measurements at y% of ir, where y is equal ...

  • Page 390

    Xhihilim: high-high limit. Set in applicable measuring unit. Xhilim: high limit. Xlowlim: low limit. Xlowlowlim: low-low limit. Xlimhyst: hysteresis value in % of range and is common for all limits. All phase angles are presented in relation to defined reference channel. The parameter phaseangleref ...

  • Page 391

    15.1.4.1 setting examples semod54481-4 v5 three setting examples, in connection to measurement function (cvmmxn), are provided: • measurement function (cvmmxn) application for a ohl • measurement function (cvmmxn) application on the secondary side of a transformer for each of them detail explanation...

  • Page 392

    Table 38: general settings parameters for the measurement function setting short description selected value comments operation operation off/on on function must be on k low pass filter coefficient for power measurement, u and i 0.00 typically no additional filtering is required ugenzerodb zero point...

  • Page 393

    110kv busbar 200/1 15kv busbar 600/5 p q 8,0 mva 110/15kv ul1 & ul2 iec16000125-1-en.Vsdx ied 15/0,1kv iec16000125 v1 en-us figure 161: single line diagram for transformer application in order to measure the active and reactive power as indicated in figure 161 , it is necessary to do the following: ...

  • Page 394

    Table 40: general settings parameters for the measurement function setting short description selected value comment operation operation off / on on function must be on k low pass filter coefficient for power measurement, u and i 0.00 typically no additional filtering is required ugenzerodb zero poin...

  • Page 395

    Preslolimit: this is used to set the limit for a pressure lockout condition in the circuit breaker. Tempalarmlimit: this is used to set the limit for a temperature alarm condition in the circuit breaker. Templolimit: this is used to set the limit for a temperature lockout condition in the circuit br...

  • Page 396

    To the function. In addition to that, the function generates alarms based on received information. 15.3.3 setting guidelines guid-0c8e498b-2a65-44ed-91d6-53ec72f49222 v2 the parameters for liquid medium supervision ssiml can be set via local hmi or protection and control manager pcm600. Operation: t...

  • Page 397

    15.4 breaker monitoring sscbr 15.4.1 identification guid-0fc081b2-0bc8-4eb8-9529-b941e51f18ee v7 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number breaker monitoring sscbr - - 15.4.2 application guid-45572680-3a39-4b3c-8639-4e4c5a95aa26 v9 the circu...

  • Page 398

    N u m b e r o f m a ke -b re a k op e ra tio n s ( n ) interrupted current (ka) p1 p2 100000 50000 20000 10000 2000 5000 1000 100 200 500 10 20 50 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 iec12000623_1_en.Vsd iec12000623 v1 en-us figure 162: an example for estimating the remaining life of a circuit breaker ca...

  • Page 399

    Operating current. The remaining life of the cb would become (10000 – 200) = 9800 operations at the rated operating current after one operation at 50 ka. Accumulated energy monitoring the contact erosion and interrupter wear has a direct influence on the required maintenance frequency. Therefore, it...

  • Page 400

    15.4.3.1 setting procedure on the ied guid-4e895fea-74bf-4b11-a239-0574f8ff5188 v4 the parameters for breaker monitoring (sscbr) can be set using the local hmi or protection and control manager (pcm600). Common base ied values for primary current (ibase), primary voltage (ubase) and primary power (s...

  • Page 401

    Cblifealmlevel: alarm level for circuit breaker remaining life. Accselcal: selection between the method of calculation of accumulated energy. Opertimedelay: time delay between change of status of trip output and start of main contact separation. 15.5 event function event ip14590-1 v2 15.5.1 identifi...

  • Page 402

    Lonchannelmask or spachannelmask m12811-15 v2 definition of which part of the event function block that shall generate events: • off • channel 1-8 • channel 9-16 • channel 1-16 minrepintval (1 - 16) m12811-29 v3 a time interval between cyclic events can be set individually for each input channel. Th...

  • Page 403

    Disturbance report drprdre, always included in the ied, acquires sampled data of all selected analog and binary signals connected to the function blocks that is, • maximum 30 external analog signals, • 10 internal derived analog signals, and • 352 binary signals disturbance report function is a comm...

  • Page 404

    Which is used by fault locator (fl) after estimation by trip value recorder (tvr). Disturbance report function acquires information from both axradr and bxrbdr. Trip value rec fault locator event list event recorder indications disturbance recorder disturbance report binary signals analog signals dr...

  • Page 405

    Red led: steady light triggered on binary signal n with setledx = trip (or start and trip) flashing the ied is in configuration mode operation m12179-82 v6 the operation of disturbance report function drprdre has to be set on or off. If off is selected, note that no disturbance report is registered,...

  • Page 406

    15.6.3.1 recording times m12179-88 v5 the different recording times for disturbance report are set (the pre-fault time, post-fault time, and limit time). These recording times affect all sub-functions more or less but not the event list (el) function. Prefault recording time (prefaultrect) is the re...

  • Page 407

    For each of the 352 signals, it is also possible to select if the signal is to be used as a trigger for the start of the disturbance report and if the trigger should be activated on positive (1) or negative (0) slope. Operationn: disturbance report may trig for binary input n (on) or not (off). Trig...

  • Page 408

    Indications m12179-448 v4 indicationman: indication mask for binary input n. If set (show), a status change of that particular input, will be fetched and shown in the disturbance summary on local hmi. If not set (hide), status change will not be indicated. Setledn: set red led on local hmi in front ...

  • Page 409

    • should the function record faults only for the protected object or cover more? • how long is the longest expected fault clearing time? • is it necessary to include reclosure in the recording or should a persistent fault generate a second recording (postretrig)? Minimize the number of recordings: •...

  • Page 410

    T t inputn outputn iec09000732-1-en.Vsd iec09000732 v1 en-us figure 164: binstatrep logical diagram 15.7.3 setting guidelines guid-bbda6900-4c1a-4a7c-aea5-3c49c2749254 v2 the pulse time t is the only setting for the logical signal status report (binstatrep). Each output can be set or reset individua...

  • Page 411

    15.8.3 setting guidelines guid-5aeccdbc-7385-4d9f-940c-9d4a0e59b106 v1 guid-da5da8d7-4821-4bfb-86cc-28658e376270 v1 the parameters for limit counter l4ufcnt are set via the local hmi or pcm600. 15.9 running hour-meter teilgapc 15.9.1 identification guid-3f9ef4fa-74fa-4d1d-88a0-e948b722b64f v1 functi...

  • Page 412

    15.10.2 application guid-d51ee866-71b6-4d14-b4e2-241128de4a97 v2 the main purpose of line protection and monitoring ieds is to provide fast, selective and reliable operation regarding faults on a protected line section. Information on distance-to-fault is more important for those involved in operati...

  • Page 413

    R(ohm) x (ohm ) 1+ 2+ 3 2 1 3 iec15000300-1-en.Vsdx iec15000300 v1 en-us figure 166: r-x diagram showing positive sequence impedances of three line sections the fault locator (rwrflo) is started with the input calcdist to which trip signals indicating in-line faults are connected, typically distance...

  • Page 414

    The setting parameters are: linelength1 set with length of section 1 in km rl1 set with positive sequence resistance of section 1 per phase xl1 set with positive sequence reactance of section 1 per phase reoverrl1 set with ratio of re by rl of section 1, this can be derived from positive and zero se...

  • Page 415

    Table 41: line specifications for three transmission line sections parameter line section 1 line section 2 line section 3 linelength (km) 4.8 40.3 18.2 rl positive sequence resistance (ohm/ph.) rl 1 = 0.575 rl 2= 11.122 rl 3= 5.609 xl positive sequence reactance (ohm/ph.) xl 1 = 1.206 xl 2= 10.034 x...

  • Page 416

    3 * 2 3 03 3 xl xl x xeoverxl iecequation15115 v1 en-us (equation 84) xeoverxl3 = the positive sequence reactance. Reoverrl3 should be set as 0.219. Section 15 1mrk 506 375-uen a monitoring 410 railway application rer670 2.2 iec application manual.

  • Page 417

    Section 16 metering 16.1 pulse-counter logic pcfcnt ip14600-1 v3 16.1.1 identification m14879-1 v4 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number pulse-counter logic pcfcnt s00947 v1 en-us - 16.1.2 application m13395-3 v6 pulse-counter logic (pcf...

  • Page 418

    On the binary input module (bim), the debounce filter default time is set to 1 ms, that is, the counter suppresses pulses with a pulse length less than 1 ms. The input oscillation blocking frequency is preset to 40 hz meaning that the counter detects the input to oscillate if the input frequency is ...

  • Page 419

    Cvmmxn p_inst q_inst etpmmtr p q rstacc rstdmd startacc stopacc iec13000190-2-en.Vsdx iec13000190 v2 en-us figure 168: connection of energy calculation and demand handling function etpmmtr to the measurements function (cvmmxn) the energy values can be read through communication in mwh and mvarh in m...

  • Page 420

    Enaacc: off/on is used to switch the accumulation of energy on and off. Tenergy: time interval when energy is measured. Tenergyonpls: gives the pulse length on time of the pulse. It should be at least 100 ms when connected to the pulse counter function block. Typical value can be 100 ms. Tenergyoffp...

  • Page 421

    Section 17 ethernet-based communication 17.1 access point 17.1.1 application guid-2942df07-9bc1-4f49-9611-a5691d2c925c v1 the access points are used to connect the ied to the communication buses (like the station bus) that use communication protocols. The access point can be used for single and redu...

  • Page 422

    Iec61850 ed1 ieds because in iec61850 ed1 only one access point can be modelled in scl. The ip address can be set in ip address. Ect validates the value, the access points have to be on separate subnetworks. The subnetwork mask can be set in subnet mask. This field will be updated to the scl model b...

  • Page 423

    17.2.2 application guid-172ba5d7-6532-4b0d-8c1d-2e02f70b4fcb v1 dynamic access point diagnostic (rchlcch) is used to supervise and assure redundant ethernet communication over two channels. This will secure data transfer even though one communication channel might not be available for some reason pa...

  • Page 424

    Iec16000038-1-en.Vsdx ap1 phyportb phyporta ap1 phyporta phyportb ap1 phyporta phyportb ap1 phyportb phyporta device 1 device 2 device 3 device 4 iec16000038 v1 en-us figure 170: high-availability seamless redundancy (hsr) 17.2.3 setting guidelines guid-887b0ae2-0f2e-414d-96fd-7ec935c5d2d8 v1 redund...

  • Page 425

    Iec16000039-1-en.Vsdx iec16000039 v1 en-us figure 171: ect screen with redundancy set to prp-1 on access point 1 and hsr access point 3 17.3 merging unit 17.3.1 application guid-e630c16f-edb8-40ae-a8a2-94189982d15f v1 the iec/uca 61850-9-2le process bus communication protocol enables an ied to commu...

  • Page 426

    Iec17000044-1-en.Vsdx iec17000044 v1 en-us figure 172: merging unit 17.3.2 setting guidelines guid-3449ab24-8c9d-4d9a-bd46-5ddf59a0f8e3 v1 for information on the merging unit setting guidelines, see section iec/uca 61850-9-2le communication protocol . 17.4 routes 17.4.1 application guid-19616ac4-0ff...

  • Page 427

    Section 18 station communication 18.1 communication protocols m14815-3 v13 each ied is provided with several communication interfaces enabling it to connect to one or many substation level systems or equipment, either on the substation automation (sa) bus or substation monitoring (sm) bus. Available...

  • Page 428

    Kiosk 2 kiosk 3 station hsi base system engineering workstation sms gateway printer cc iec09000135_en.V sd kiosk 1 ied 1 ied 2 ied 3 ied 1 ied 2 ied 3 ied 1 ied 2 ied 3 iec09000135 v1 en-us figure 173: sa system with iec 61850–8–1 m16925-3 v4 figure 174 shows the goose peer-to-peer communication. Co...

  • Page 429

    18.2.2 setting guidelines semod55317-5 v7 there are two settings related to the iec 61850–8–1 protocol: operation: user can set iec 61850 communication to on or off. Gooseported1: selection of the ethernet link where goose traffic shall be sent and received. This is only valid for edition 1 and can ...

  • Page 430

    The high and low limit settings provides limits for the high-high-, high, normal, low and low-low ranges of the measured value. The actual range of the measured value is shown on the range output of mvgapc function block. When a measured value expander block (range_xp) is connected to the range outp...

  • Page 431

    18.3 iec/uca 61850-9-2le communication protocol semod172279 v3 18.3.1 introduction semod166571-1 v2 semod166590-5 v5 every ied can be provided with communication interfaces enabling it to connect to the process buses in order to get data from analog data acquisition units close to the process (prima...

  • Page 432

    Iec06000537 v1 en-us figure 176: example of a station configuration with separated process bus and station bus the ied can get analog values simultaneously from a classical ct or vt and from a merging unit, like in this example: the merging units (mu) are called so because they can gather analog val...

  • Page 433

    Ct ct abb merging unit ethernet switch ied combi sensor conventional vt iec61850-9-2le iec61850-9-2le splitter electrical-to- optical converter 1pps 1pps 110 v 1 a 1 a iec61850-8-1 station wide scada system station wide gps clock other relays iec61850-8-1 en08000069-3.Vsd iec08000069 v2 en-us figure...

  • Page 434

    • main menu/configuration/analog modules/mux:92xx. The corresponding settings are also available in pst (pcm600). • main menu/configuration/communication/merging units configuration/ mux:92xx. The corresponding settings are also available in ect (pcm600). Xx can take value 01–12. 18.3.2.1 specific s...

  • Page 435

    Iec13000298-2-en.Vsd ied ied mu ok ok direct transfer trip (dtt) local remote iec13000298 v2 en-us figure 178: normal operation case 2: failure of the mu (sample lost) blocks the sending of binary signals through ldcm. The received binary signals are not blocked and processd normally. →dtt from the ...

  • Page 436

    Iec13000300-2-en.Vsd direct transfer trip (dtt) local remote ied ied mu not ok n ot ok mu iec13000300 v2 en-us figure 180: mu failed, 9-2 system table 42: blocked protection functions if iec/uca 61850-9-2le communication is interrupted and functions are connected to specific mus function description...

  • Page 437

    Function description iec 61850 identification function description iec 61850 identification phase selection, quadrilateral characteristic with fixed angle fdpspdis synchrocheck, energizing check, and synchronizing sesrsyn faulty phase identification with load enchroachment fmpspdis circuit breaker c...

  • Page 438

    Function description iec 61850 identification function description iec 61850 identification three phase undercurrent lcp3ptuc automatic switch onto fault logic, voltage and current based zcvpsof thermal overload protection, one time constant lcpttr underimpedance protection for generators and transf...

  • Page 439

    Function description iec 61850 identification function description iec 61850 identification out-of-step protection oosppam transformer tank overcurrent protection tppioc transformer energization control xencpow fault locator, multi section rwrflo two steps directional phase overcurrent protection d2...

  • Page 440

    Using ptp for synchronizing the mu sam600 vt sam600 ct sam600 ts ied ptp 9-2 iec17000040-1-en.Vsdx iec17000040 v1 en-us figure 181: setting example with ptp synchronization settings on the local hmi under main menu/configuration/time/ synchronization/timesynchgen:1/iec61850-9-2: • hwsyncsrc: is not ...

  • Page 441

    Two status monitoring signals can be: • synch signal on the mux function block indicates that protection functions are blocked due to loss of internal time synchronization to the ied • musynch signal on the mux function block monitors the synchronization flag smpsynch in the datastream and ied hardw...

  • Page 442

    • synch signal on the mux function block indicates that protection functions are blocked due to loss of internal time synchronization to the ied. • musynch signal on the mux function block monitors the synchronization flag smpsynch in the datastream and ied hardware time synchronization. Smpllost in...

  • Page 443

    • synch signal on the mux function block indicates that protection functions are blocked due to loss of internal time synchronization to the ied (that is loss of the hardware synchsrc). • musynch signal on the mux function block monitors the synchronization flag smpsynch in the datastream and ied ha...

  • Page 444

    • synch signal on the mux function block indicates that protection functions are blocked due to loss of internal time synchronization to the ied. Since synclostmode is set to no block, this signal is not set. • musynch signal on the mux function block is set if the datastream indicates time synchron...

  • Page 445

    18.4 lon communication protocol ip14420-1 v1 18.4.1 application ip14863-1 v1 m14804-3 v5 control center ied ied ied gateway star coupler rer 111 station hsi microscada iec05000663-1-en.Vsd iec05000663 v2 en-us figure 186: example of lon communication structure for a substation automation system an o...

  • Page 446

    The lon protocol m14804-32 v2 the lon protocol is specified in the lontalkprotocol specification version 3 from echelon corporation. This protocol is designed for communication in control networks and is a peer-to-peer protocol where all the devices connected to the network can communicate with each...

  • Page 447

    18.4.2.1 identification guid-1a6e066c-6399-4d37-8ca5-3074537e48b2 v3 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number multiple command and receive multicmdrcv - - multiple command and send multicmdsnd - - 18.4.2.2 application m14790-3 v5 the ied pr...

  • Page 448

    Ied ied ied substation lan iec05000715-4-en.Vsd remote monitoring utility lan wan iec05000715 v4 en-us figure 187: spa communication structure for a remote monitoring system via a substation lan, wan and utility lan spa communication is mainly used for the station monitoring system. It can include d...

  • Page 449

    The most important spa communication setting parameters are slaveaddress and baudrate. They are essential for all communication contact to the ied. Slaveaddress and baudrate can be set only on the local hmi for rear and front channel communication. Slaveaddress can be set to any value between 1–899 ...

  • Page 450

    18.6 iec 60870-5-103 communication protocol ip14615-1 v2 18.6.1 application ip14864-1 v1 m17109-3 v6 tcp/ip control center ied ied ied gateway star coupler station hsi iec05000660-4-en.Vsd iec05000660 v4 en-us figure 188: example of iec 60870-5-103 communication structure for a substation automation...

  • Page 451

    Protocols, and to the section 103, companion standard for the informative interface of protection equipment. 18.6.1.2 design m17109-41 v1 general m17109-43 v2 the protocol implementation consists of the following functions: • event handling • report of analog service values (measurands) • fault loca...

  • Page 452

    Function block with user defined functions in control direction, i103usercmd. These function blocks include the function type parameter for each block in the private range, and the information number parameter for each output signal. Status m17109-74 v6 for more information on the function blocks be...

  • Page 453

    Function block with defined functions for autorecloser indications in monitor direction, i103ar. This block includes the function type parameter, and the information number parameter is defined for each output signal. Measurands m17109-99 v2 the measurands can be included as type 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 ...

  • Page 454

    18.6.2.1 settings for rs485 and optical serial communication m17109-118 v12 general settings spa, dnp and iec 60870-5-103 can be configured to operate on the slm optical serial port while dnp and iec 60870-5-103 additionally can utilize the rs485 port. A single protocol can be active on a given phys...

  • Page 455

    Guid-cd4eb23c-65e7-4ed5-afb1-a9d5e9ee7ca8 v3 en guid-cd4eb23c-65e7-4ed5-afb1-a9d5e9ee7ca8 v3 en-us figure 189: settings for iec 60870-5-103 communication the general settings for iec 60870-5-103 communication are the following: • slaveaddress and baudrate: settings for slave number and communication...

  • Page 456

    Commands m17109-138 v2 as for the commands defined in the protocol there is a dedicated function block with eight output signals. Use pcm600 to configure these signals. To realize the blockofinformation command, which is operated from the local hmi, the output blkinfo on the iec command function blo...

  • Page 457

    Dra#-input acc iec 60870-5-103 meaning 21 76 private range 22 77 private range 23 78 private range 24 79 private range 25 80 private range 26 81 private range 27 82 private range 28 83 private range 29 84 private range 30 85 private range 31 86 private range 32 87 private range 33 88 private range 3...

  • Page 458

    Refer to the tables in the technical reference manual /station communication, specifying the information types supported by the communication protocol iec 60870-5-103. To support the information, corresponding functions must be included in the protection ied. There is no representation for the follo...

  • Page 459

    Section 19 remote communication 19.1 binary signal transfer ip12423-1 v2 19.1.1 identification m14849-1 v3 function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number binary signal transfer, receive binsignrec1_1 binsignrec1_2 binsignreceive2 - - binary signa...

  • Page 460

    Ied-a ied-b ied-c iec16000077-1-en.Vsd 3-end differential protection with two communication links ldcm312 ldcm312 ldcm313 ldcm312 iec16000077 v1 en-us figure 190: three-end differential protection with two communication links if the ldcm is in 2mbit mode, you can send the three local currents as wel...

  • Page 461

    Ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm en06000519-2.Vsd iec06000519 v2 en-us figure 191: direct fibre optical connection between two ieds with ldcm the ldcm can also be used together with an external optical to galvanic g.703 converter as show...

  • Page 462

    End by setting the corresponding ldcm to channel mode blocked. If outofservice is selected, the ied should have active communication to the remote end during the whole maintenance process, that is, no restart or removal of the fibre can be done. This setting does not apply to two-end communication. ...

  • Page 463

    Using echo in this case is safe only if there is no risk of varying transmission asymmetry. Gpssyncerr: when gps synchronization is lost, synchronization of the line differential function continues for 16 s based on the stability in the local ied clocks. After that, setting block blocks the line dif...

  • Page 464

    • one of the two possible local currents is transmitted • sum of the two local currents is transmitted • channel is used as a redundant backup channel 1½ breaker arrangement has two local currents, and the current transformer (ct) earthing for those can differ. Ct-sum transmits the sum of the two ct...

  • Page 465

    Section 20 security 20.1 authority status athstat semod158575-1 v2 20.1.1 application semod158527-5 v3 authority status (athstat) function is an indication function block, which informs about two events related to the ied and the user authorization: • the fact that at least one user has tried to log...

  • Page 466

    Events are also generated: • whenever any setting in the ied is changed. The internal events are time tagged with a resolution of 1 ms and stored in a list. The list can store up to 40 events. The list is based on the fifo principle, that is, when it is full, the oldest event is overwritten. The lis...

  • Page 467

    Guid-8c333bc0-aa7a-4ed1-a772-18c22e8eee62 v5 when chnglck has a logical one on its input, then all attempts to modify the ied configuration and setting will be denied and the message "error: changes blocked" will be displayed on the local hmi; in pcm600 the message will be "operation denied by activ...

  • Page 468

    462.

  • Page 469

    Section 21 basic ied functions 21.1 ied identifiers terminalid ip15060-1 v2 21.1.1 application m15324-3 v6 ied identifiers (terminalid) function allows the user to identify the individual ied in the system, not only in the substation, but in a whole region or a country. Use only characters a-z, a-z ...

  • Page 470

    Found in the local hmi under main menu/diagnostics/ied status/product identifiers the following identifiers are available: • iedprodtype • describes the type of the ied. Example: rel670 • productdef • describes the release number from the production. Example: 2.1.0 • firmwarever • describes the firm...

  • Page 471

    21.3.2 application semod52434-4 v5 the current and voltage measurements functions (cvmmxn, cmmxu, vmmxu and vnmmxu), current and voltage sequence measurement functions (cmsqi and vmsqi) and iec 61850 generic communication i/o functions (mvgapc) are provided with measurement supervision functionality...

  • Page 472

    21.4.2 setting guidelines m15259-3 v4 the setting activesetgrp, is used to select which parameter group to be active. The active group can also be selected with configured input to the function block setgrps. The length of the pulse, sent out by the output signal setchgd when an active group has cha...

  • Page 473

    21.6.2 application guid-d58eca9a-9771-443d-bf84-8ef582a346bf v4 global base values function (gbasval) is used to provide global values, common for all applicable functions within the ied. One set of global values consists of values for current, voltage and apparent power and it is possible to have t...

  • Page 474

    21.8 signal matrix for binary outputs smbo semod55215-1 v2 21.8.1 application semod55213-5 v4 the signal matrix for binary outputs function smbo is used within the application configuration tool in direct relation with the signal matrix tool. Smbo represents the way binary outputs are sent from one ...

  • Page 475

    Components and so on. This information is then used by the respective functions connected to this smai block in the act (for example protection, measurement or monitoring functions). 21.10.2 frequency values guid-b494b93c-b5aa-4fd6-8080-8611c34c2ad8 v5 a valid input voltage signal level for frequenc...

  • Page 476

    21.11 test mode functionality testmode ip1647-1 v3 21.11.1 application m11407-3 v8 the protection and control ieds may have a complex configuration with many included functions. To make the testing procedure easier, the ieds include the feature that allows individual blocking of a single-, several-,...

  • Page 477

    When the setting operation is set to off, the behavior is set to off and it is not possible to override it. When a behavior of a function is offthe function will not execute. When iec 61850 mod of a function is set to off or blocked, the start led on the lhmi will be set to flashing to indicate the ...

  • Page 478

    21.12.1.1 system time m11348-119 v5 21.12.1.2 synchronization m11348-143 v4 the setting parameters for the real-time clock with external time synchronization are set via local hmi or pcm600. The path for time synchronization parameters on local hmi is main menu/configuration/time/synchronization. Th...

  • Page 479

    Setting example 9-2 rec ptp ptp station bus gps sam600-ts sam600-ct sam600-vt ptp ptp 9-2 ptp rel mu gtm pps iec16000167-1-en.Vsdx 9-2 9-2 9-2 process bus iec16000167 v1 en-us figure 194: example system figure 194 describes an example system. The rec and rel are both using the 9-2 stream from the sa...

  • Page 480

    Via a pps out from the gtm. If ptp is used in the ied and the merging unit cannot be synchronized from the ied, then use gps-based clocks to provide ptp synch as well as sync to the merging unit. If synchronization of the ied and the merging unit is based on gps, set the parameter lostsyncmode to bl...

  • Page 481

    Section 22 requirements 22.1 current transformer requirements ip15171-1 v2 m11609-3 v2 the performance of a protection function will depend on the quality of the measured current signal. Saturation of the current transformers (cts) will cause distortion of the current signals and can result in a fai...

  • Page 482

    1.0 2017-01, instrument transformers – guidance for application of current transformers in power system protection, is the first official document that highlighted this development. So far remanence factors of maximum 80% have been considered when ct requirements have been decided for abb ieds. Even...

  • Page 483

    1. Unwanted operation of differential (i.E. Unit) protections for external faults 2. Unacceptably delayed or even missing operation of all types of protections (for example, distance, differential, overcurrent, etc.) which can result in loosing protection selectivity in the network no information is...

  • Page 484

    It is difficult to give general recommendations for additional margins for remanence to avoid the minor risk of an additional time delay. They depend on the performance and economy requirements. When current transformers of low remanence type (for example, tpy, pr) are used, normally no additional m...

  • Page 485

    In isolated or high impedance earthed systems the phase-to-earth fault is not the dimensioning case. Therefore, the resistance of the single secondary wire can always be used in the calculation for this kind of power systems. 22.1.5 general current transformer requirements m11615-3 v3 the current tr...

  • Page 486

    Sr r al alreq op ct l 2 pr r i s e e 5 i r r i i æ ö ³ = × × × + + ç ÷ è ø equation1380 v2 en-us (equation 85) where: i op the primary operate value (a) i pr the rated primary ct current (a) i sr the rated secondary ct current (a) i r the rated current of the protection ied (a) r ct the secondary re...

  • Page 487

    I sr the rated secondary ct current (a) i r the rated current of the protection ied (a) r ct the secondary resistance of the ct (Ω) r l the resistance of the secondary wire and additional load (Ω). The loop resistance containing the phase and neutral wires shall be used. S r the burden of a rex670 c...

  • Page 488

    In case of three individual cts connected in parallel (holmgren connection) on the phase side the following additional requirements must also be fulfilled. The three individual phase cts must have a rated equivalent limiting secondary e.M.F. E al that is larger than or equal to the maximum of the re...

  • Page 489

    22.1.7 current transformer requirements for cts according to other standards semod53771-1 v1 m11623-4 v3 all kinds of conventional magnetic core cts are possible to use with the ieds if they fulfill the requirements corresponding to the above specified expressed as the rated equivalent limiting seco...

  • Page 490

    Ct. A corresponding rated equivalent limiting secondary e.M.F. E alansi can be estimated as follows: alansi sr ct ansi sr ct sr bansi e 20 i r u 20 i r 20 i z = × × + = × × + × × equation971 v2 en-us (equation 94) where: z bansi the impedance (that is, with a complex quantity) of the standard ansi b...

  • Page 491

    The protection ied has effective filters for these transients, which gives secure and correct operation with cvts. 22.3 sntp server requirements guid-588fcd12-c494-445e-8488-8287b34efd9a v4 the sntp server to be used is connected to the local network, that is not more than 4-5 switches or routers aw...

  • Page 492

    The g.703 e1, 2 mbit shall be set according to itu-t g.803, g.810-13 • one master clock for the actual network • the actual port synchronized to the sdh system clock at 2048 kbit • synchronization; bit synchronized, synchronized mapping • maximum clock deviation • jitter and wander according to itu-...

  • Page 493

    61850-9-2. For example the ied covers the client part of the standard, not the server part. The standard does not define the sample rate for data, but in the uca users group recommendations there are indicated sample rates that are adopted, by consensus, in the industry. There are two sample rates d...

  • Page 494

    488.

  • Page 495

    Section 23 glossary m14893-1 v16 ac alternating current acc actual channel act application configuration tool within pcm600 a/d converter analog-to-digital converter adbs amplitude deadband supervision adm analog digital conversion module, with time synchronization ai analog input ansi american nati...

  • Page 496

    Ccitt consultative committee for international telegraph and telephony. A united nations-sponsored standards body within the international telecommunications union. Ccm can carrier module ccvt capacitive coupled voltage transformer class c protection current transformer class as per ieee/ ansi cmpps...

  • Page 497

    Dhcp dynamic host configuration protocol dip-switch small switch mounted on a printed circuit board di digital input dllb dead line live bus dnp distributed network protocol as per ieee std 1815-2012 dr disturbance recorder dram dynamic random access memory drh disturbance report handler dsp digital...

  • Page 498

    Gde graphical display editor within pcm600 gi general interrogation command gis gas-insulated switchgear goose generic object-oriented substation event gps global positioning system gsal generic security application gse generic substation event hdlc protocol high-level data link control, protocol ba...

  • Page 499

    I-gis intelligent gas-insulated switchgear iom binary input/output module instance when several occurrences of the same function are available in the ied, they are referred to as instances of that function. One instance of a function is identical to another of the same kind but has a different numbe...

  • Page 500

    Ncc national control centre nof number of grid faults num numerical module oco cycle open-close-open cycle ocp overcurrent protection oem optical ethernet module oltc on-load tap changer otev disturbance data recording initiated by other event than start/pick-up ov overvoltage overreach a term used ...

  • Page 501

    Rs485 serial link according to eia standard rs485 rtc real-time clock rtu remote terminal unit sa substation automation sbo select-before-operate sc switch or push button to close scl short circuit location scs station control system scada supervision, control and data acquisition sct system configu...

  • Page 502

    Tcp/ip transmission control protocol over internet protocol. The de facto standard ethernet protocols incorporated into 4.2bsd unix. Tcp/ip was developed by darpa for internet working and encompasses both network layer and transport layer protocols. While tcp and ip specify two protocols at specific...

  • Page 503

    Uv undervoltage wei weak end infeed logic vt voltage transformer x.21 a digital signalling interface primarily used for telecom equipment 3i o three times zero-sequence current.Often referred to as the residual or the earth-fault current 3u o three times the zero sequence voltage. Often referred to ...

  • Page 504

    498.

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    499.

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    — abb ab grid automation products 721 59 västerås, sweden phone: +46 (0) 21 32 50 00 abb.Com/protection-control © copyright 2017 abb. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 1mrk 506 375-uen.