Fer SEVEN 67 ÷ 107 2S Service And Maintenance Manual - page 17
SEVEN 67 ÷ 107 2S
17
RU
cod. 3541B940 - 03/2012 (Rev. 01)
RU
1. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɍɄȺɁȺɇɂʇ ɉɈ ɌȿɏɇɂɄȿ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
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ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ.
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ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɣɬɟ ɟɦɭ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ; ɨɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ.
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ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ. Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɩɥɨɦɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ.
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ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɳɟɪɛɭ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.
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ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɨɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɛɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢ/ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ.
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ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɧɟɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ, ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɫɶ
ɨɬ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ-ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɟɣ. ɇɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ.
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ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ. Ʌɸɛɨɟ
ɩɪɨɱɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ.
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ɍɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɹɦ.
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ɇɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɞɟɬɶɦɢ) ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ
ɨɩɵɬɚ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ.
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ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɸɬ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɟ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ.
2. ɆɈɇɌȺɀ
2.1 ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ
ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ,
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɦ ȼɚɫ ɡɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ȼɵ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ SEVEN 67 ɱ 107 2Sɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɬɟɥ ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɫɚɦɭɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ, FERɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɵɦ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɚɚɜɨɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɫɢɦ ȼɚɫ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ
ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ.
SEVEN 67 ɱ 107 2S Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ
ɞɥɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ NOx , ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɦ ɝɚɡɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ.
Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɱɭɝɭɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧ ɜ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɭɸ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ ɫ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɨɦ ɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ.
ȼ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ,
ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ.
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫ ɦɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ.
2.2 ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɥɢɰɟɜɭɸ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ.
ɪɢɫ. 1 - ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ʌɟɝɟɧɞɚ
1
Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
2
Ɍɟɪɦɨɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ ɤɨɬɥɚ
3
Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɫ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
4
Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɫ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
5
Ɂɚɝɥɭɲɤɚ
6
Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ
7
2-ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ
8
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ 0-1-ɌȿɋɌ
2.3 ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
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Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ < ɤɨɬɥɨɦ.
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ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɪɭɛɢɥɶɧɢɤ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ,
ɢɥɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɜ ɫɟɬɟɜɭɸ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ.
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ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɥɚ "8" ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 1 (ɪɢɫ. 29).
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ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ "7" ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ,
ɚ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ (ɟɫɥɢ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ) ɧɚ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɡɚɠɠɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ; ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
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ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ 1ɪɢɫ. 29 ɧɚ , ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ.
A
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɧɟ ɡɚɠɝɭɬɫɹ, ɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɥɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɬɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ “6”
ɩɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ 15 ɫɟɤɭɧɞ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ. ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ () ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ
ɰɢɤɥ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɩɵɬɨɤ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɠɝɭɬɫɹ, ɬɨ
ɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
A
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɩɨɝɚɫɧɭɬ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɡɚɠɝɭɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ.
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ, ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ “8” ɧɚ
0 ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
B
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɢɬɶ ɜɫɸ
ɜɨɞɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɚɧɬɢɮɪɢɡ ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɥɚ 8 ɢɦɟɟɬ 3 ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ “0-1-TEST”; ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɜɚ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ; ɬɪɟɬɶɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
2.4 Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
Ɋɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɜ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɭ ɪɢɫ. 297 ɧɚ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 30° ɞɨ 90°. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɤɨɬɟɥ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɢɠɟ 45°.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ (ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ)
Ɂɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɨɬ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚɬɨɦ 7 ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 29. ɉɪɢ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɩɨ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɥɟ ɜɨɞɨɦɟɪɚ ɩɨɡ. ɪɢɫ. 292 ɧɚ , ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 1,0 ɛɚɪ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɭɩɚɥɨ (ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɝɚɡɨɜ) ɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɤɪɚɧ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ
ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɚɧ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ.
2.5 ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ
ɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ.
A
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ, ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
1
2
3
5 6
7
8
4
ɋɢɦɜɨɥ
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵ ɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɢ,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɟ.
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ-ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɩɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɨɣ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ.
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ (ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɟɥɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ)
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ 1-1,5 ɛɚɪ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ,
ɨɬɤɪɵɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɤɪɚɧ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɤɪɚɧ.
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ.
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɣ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ.