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Keithley 2010 User Manual

Summary of 2010

  • Page 1

    Model 2010 multimeter user’s manual a g r e a t e r m e a s u r e o f c o n f i d e n c e.

  • Page 2: Warranty

    Warranty keithley instruments, inc. Warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 3 years from date of shipment. Keithley instruments, inc. Warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskette...

  • Page 3

    Model 2010 multimeter user’s manual ©1996, keithley instruments, inc. All rights reserved. Cleveland, ohio, u.S.A. Fifth printing, august 2003 document number: 2010-900-01 rev. E.

  • Page 4: Manual Print History

    Manual print history the print history shown below lists the printing dates of all revisions and addenda created for this manual. The revision level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between revisions, contain important change inf...

  • Page 5: Afety Precautions

    The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intended for...

  • Page 6

    For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. Always remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching c...

  • Page 7: Table of Contents

    Table of contents 1 general information introduction ................................................................................ 1-2 feature overview ........................................................................ 1-2 warranty information ..................................................

  • Page 8: Measurement Options

    Measuring current ..................................................................... 2-22 connections ....................................................................... 2-22 amps fuse replacement .................................................... 2-23 measuring resistance ....................

  • Page 9: Remote Operation

    Limit operations ....................................................................... 3-18 setting limit values ........................................................... 3-18 enabling limits .................................................................. 3-19 scan operations ...................

  • Page 10: Scpi Command Reference

    Status structure ......................................................................... 4-16 condition registers ............................................................ 4-17 event registers ................................................................... 4-17 enable registers ...............

  • Page 11

    Calculate subsystem ................................................................. 5-20 :calculate[1] .................................................................. 5-20 :calculate2 ..................................................................... 5-22 :calculate3 ...........................

  • Page 12: Specifications

    :clear command .............................................................. 5-67 :key command .................................................... 5-68 rs-232 interface commands ............................................. 5-70 line frequency query ...................................................

  • Page 13: Models 196/199 Commands

    D models 196/199 commands e ieee-488 bus overview introduction ................................................................................ E-2 bus description ........................................................................... E-2 bus lines .................................................

  • Page 15: List of Illustrations

    List of illustrations 2 basic measurements figure 2-1 model 2010 front panel .......................................................... 2-3 figure 2-2 model 2010 rear panel ........................................................... 2-6 figure 2-3 power module ..........................................

  • Page 16: Scpi Command Reference

    Figure 4-6 standard event status ............................................................ 4-18 figure 4-7 operation event status .......................................................... 4-18 figure 4-8 measurement event status .................................................... 4-19 figure 4-...

  • Page 17: List of Tables

    List of tables 2 basic measurements table 2-1 fuse ratings ............................................................................ 2-9 table 2-2 factory defaults .................................................................... 2-13 3 measurement options table 3-1 rate settings for the measu...

  • Page 18: Ieee-488 Bus Overview

    E ieee-488 bus overview table e-1 ieee-488 bus command summary ........................................ E-6 table e-2 hexadecimal and decimal command codes .......................... E-9 table e-3 typical addressed command sequence ................................ E-11 table e-4 typical addressed co...

  • Page 19: General Infor-

    1 general information 1 general infor- mation.

  • Page 20: Introduction

    Introduction this section contains general information about the model 2010 multimeter. The information is organized as follows: • feature overview • warranty information • manual addenda • safety symbols and terms • specifications • inspection • options and accessories if you have any questions aft...

  • Page 21: Warranty Information

    Warranty information warranty information is located at the front of this instruction manual. Should your model 2010 require warranty service, contact the keithley representative or authorized repair facility in your area for further information. When returning the instrument for repair, be sure to ...

  • Page 22: Inspection

    Inspection the model 2010 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit. (note: there may be a protective film over the display lens, whic...

  • Page 23: Low Thermal Probes

    Model 8606 high performance probe tip kit — consists of two spade lugs, two alligator clips, and two spring hook test probes. (the spade lugs and alligator clips are rated at 30v rms, 42.4v peak; the test probes are rated at 1000v.) these components are for use with high performance test leads termi...

  • Page 24: Rack Mount Kits

    Rack mount kits model 4288-1 single fixed rack mount kit — mounts a single model 2010 in a standard 19-inch rack. Model 4288-2 side-by-side rack mount kit — mounts two instruments (models 182, 428, 486, 487, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2010, 6517, 7001) side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack. Model 4288-3 si...

  • Page 25: Basic Mea-

    2 basic measurements 2 basic mea- surements.

  • Page 26: Introduction

    Introduction this section summarizes front panel operation of the model 2010. It is organized as follows: • front panel summary — includes an illustration and summarizes keys, display, and connections. • rear panel summary — includes an illustration and summarizes connections. • power-up — describes...

  • Page 27: Front Panel Summary

    Front panel summary the front panel of the model 2010 is shown in figure 2-1 . This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. 1 function keys (shifted and unshifted) select measurement function (dc and ac voltage, dc and ac current, tw...

  • Page 28

    3 shifted operation keys mx+b manipulates normal display readings(x) using the equation y=mx+b. Dbm converts a value to the decibels above or below a 1mw reference. Db compresses a large range of dc or ac voltage measurements into a much smaller scope. Cont measures circuit continuity on the 1k Ω ra...

  • Page 29

    Hold instrument is in hold mode. Lstn instrument addressed to listen over gpib. Math math function (mx+b, %, db, dbm) enabled. Med medium reading rate. Rear reading acquired from rear inputs. Rel relative reading displayed. Rem instrument is in gpib remote mode. Scan instrument is in scan mode. Shif...

  • Page 30: Rear Panel Summary

    Rear panel summary the rear panel of the model 2010 is shown in figure 2-2 . This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. Warning: no internal operator servicable parts,service by qualified personnel only. Warning: no internal operat...

  • Page 31

    1 option slot an optional scanner card (model 2000-scan or 2001-tcscan) installs in this slot. 2 input connections input hi and lo used for making dc volts, ac volts, two-wire resistance measurements, and for connecting scanner card. Sense Ω4 wire used with input hi and lo to make four-wire resistan...

  • Page 32: Power-Up

    Power-up line power connection follow the procedure below to connect the model 2010 to line power and turn on the instrument. 1. Check to be sure the line voltage selected on the rear panel (see figure 2-3 ) is correct for the operating voltage in your area. If not, refer to the next procedure, “set...

  • Page 33

    Setting line voltage and replacing fuse a rear panel fuse located next to the ac receptacle protects the power line input of the instrument. If the line voltage setting needs to be changed or the line fuse needs to be replaced, perform the following steps. Warning make sure the instrument is disconn...

  • Page 34: Power-Up Sequence

    Power-up sequence on power-up, the model 2010 performs self-tests on its eprom and ram and momentarily lights all segments and annunciators. If a failure is detected, the instrument momentarily displays an error message and the err annunciator turns on. (error messages are listed in appendix b.) not...

  • Page 35

    High energy circuit safety precautions to optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits, read and use the directions in the following warning. Warning dangerous arcs of an explosive nature in a high energy circuit can cause severe personal injury or death. If the multim...

  • Page 36: Power-On Defaults

    Power-on defaults power-on defaults are the settings the instrument assumes when it is turned on. The model 2010 offers two choices for the settings: factory and user. The power-on default will be the last configuration you saved. The save and setup keys select the two choices of power-on defaults. ...

  • Page 37

    Table 2-2 factory defaults setting factory default autozero buffer continuity beeper digits rate threshold current (ac and dc) digits (ac) digits (dc) filter count mode range relative value rate (ac) rate (dc) diode test digits range rate frequency and period digits range relative value rate functio...

  • Page 38

    Percent reference resistance (two-wire and four-wire) digits filter count mode range relative value rate dry circuit offset compensation rs-232 baud flow tx term scanning channels mode temperature digits filter count mode junction temperature relative value rate sensor thermocouple four-wire rtd uni...

  • Page 39: Gpib Primary Address

    Gpib primary address the gpib primary address of the instrument must be the same as the primary address you specify in the controller’s programming language. The default primary address of the instrument is 16, but you can set the address to any value from 0 to 30 by using the following instructions...

  • Page 40: Display

    Display the display of the model 2010 is primarily used to display readings, along with the units and type of measurement. Annunciators are located on the top, bottom, right, and left of the reading or message display. The annunciators indicate various states of operation. See figure 2-1 for a compl...

  • Page 41: Crest Factor

    Crest factor ac voltage and current accuracies are affected by the crest factor of the waveform, the ratio of the peak value to the rms value. 500hz is the maximum fundamental frequency at which the corresponding crest factor must be taken into account for accuracy calculations. Low level considerat...

  • Page 42

    Shielding ac voltages that are extremely large compared with the dc signal to be measured may produce an erroneous output. Therefore, to minimize ac interference, the circuit should be shielded with the shield connected to the model 2010 input lo (particularly for low level sources). Improper shield...

  • Page 43

    Ac voltage offset the model 2010, at 5 ½ digits resolution, will typically display 100 counts of offset on ac volts with the input shorted. This offset is caused by the offset of the trms converter. This offset will not affect reading accuracy and should not be zeroed out using the rel feature. The ...

  • Page 44: Ratio

    Ratio the model 2010 can perform a quotient calculation between the sense input (denominator) and the measure input (numerator). This calculation can only be performed for dc voltages. This function can be useful when comparing several voltages to a single voltage in a piece of equipment. The sense ...

  • Page 45

    Measuring voltage with the sense terminals the sense terminals can be used to measure dc voltage in the 100mv, 1v, and 10v ranges. Assuming factory default conditions, make the connections as follows: 1. Connect test leads to the sense hi and lo terminals. Either the front or rear inputs can be used...

  • Page 46: Measuring Current

    Measuring current the model 2010 can make dci measurements from 10na to 3a and aci measurements from 1µa to 3a rms. Note see the previous discussion about crest factor in “measuring voltage” of this section. Connections assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is: 1. Connect test lea...

  • Page 47: Amps Fuse Replacement

    Amps fuse replacement warning make sure the instrument is disconnected from the power line and other equipment before replacing the amps fuse. 1. Turn off the power and disconnect the power line and test leads. 2. From the front panel, gently push in the amps jack with your thumb and rotate the fuse...

  • Page 48: Measuring Resistance

    Measuring resistance the model 2010 can make two-wire and four-wire resistance measurements from 1µ Ω to 120m Ω. Connections assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is: 1. Connect test leads to the model 2010 as follows: a. For Ω2-wire, connect the test leads to input hi and lo. B. ...

  • Page 49: Shielding

    Shielding to achieve a stable reading, shield resistances greater than 100k Ω. Place the resistance in a shielded enclosure and connect the shield to the input lo terminal of the instrument electrically. See section 3 for information on the configuration options for two-wire and four-wire resistance...

  • Page 50

    Dry circuit testing many low resistance measurements are made on contact devices such as switches and relay contacts. The purpose of these tests is to determine whether oxidation has increased the resistance of the contacts. If the voltage across the contacts during the test is too high, the oxidati...

  • Page 51

    One measurement cycle source current thermal offset measurement voltage measurement with source current on voltage measurement with source current off i sr i sfs r s r s v fmf v emf v m1 v m1 figure 2-7 offset-compensated ohms measurement basic measurements 2-27.

  • Page 52: Trigger Level

    Measuring frequency and period the model 2010 can make frequency measurements from 3hz to 500khz on voltage ranges of 100mv, 1v, 10v, 100v, and 750v. Period measurements can be taken from 2µs to 333ms on the same voltage ranges as the frequency. The instrument uses the volts input terminals to measu...

  • Page 53: Connections

    Connections assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is: 1. Connect test leads to the input hi and lo terminals of the model 2010. Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the inputs button in the appropriate position. 2. Select the freq or period function. 3. Connect test ...

  • Page 54: Measuring Temperature

    Measuring temperature the model 2010 can measure temperature with a four-wire rtd sensor or a thermocouple. The temperature measurement ranges available depend on the type of rtd or thermocouple chosen. Rtds can be connected to the banana jacks on the front or rear panel. Thermocouples can be connec...

  • Page 55: Connections

    Connections 2001 multimeter model 2010 shift ch1 rem talk lstn srq stat rel filt 4w buffer math rear scan timer step ch2 ch3 ch4 ch5 ch6 ch7 ch 8 ch9 ch1 0 hold trig fast med slow auto err sense Ω4-wire hi platinum rtd input hi input lo sense Ω4-wire lo a. Thermocouple connections b. 4-wire rtd conn...

  • Page 56: Configuration

    Configuration the following provides the various configuration options for temperature measurements. To select and configure either a thermocouple or four-wire rtd measurement: press shift then sensor. Four choices are available using the ▲ and ▼ keys: • units — c, k, f (centigrade, kelvin, fahrenhe...

  • Page 57: Mx + B

    The first two categories are discussed in the following paragraphs. Buffered reading statistics and reading limit testing are described in section 3. The procedure to select and configure a math operation is: 1. Press shift then the appropriate math key. 2. Configure the parameters for the math oper...

  • Page 58: Percent

    Percent percent selects the percentage calculation and lets you specify a reference value. The displayed reading will be expressed as a percent deviation from the reference value. The percentage calculation is performed as follows: where: input is the normal display reading. Reference is the user en...

  • Page 59: Db Calculation

    Configuration to set the reference impedance, perform the following steps: 1. After selecting dbm, the present reference impedance is displayed (1-9999 Ω): ref: 0075 2. To change the reference impedance, use the and keys to select the numeric position. Then use the ▲ and ▼ keys to select the desired...

  • Page 60: Measuring Continuity

    Measuring continuity the model 2010 uses the 1k Ω range to measure circuit continuity. After selecting continuity, the unit prompts you for a threshold resistance level (1 Ω-1000Ω). The model 2010 alerts you with a beep when a reading is below the set level. To measure the continuity of a circuit, p...

  • Page 61: Testing Diodes

    Testing diodes with a model 2010, you can measure the forward voltage drop of general-purpose diodes and the zener voltage of zener diodes. To test diodes, press shift then , set the test current range, connect the diode, and take a reading from the display. Note diode test has a non-selectable read...

  • Page 62

    2-38 basic measurements 2-38 basic measurements.

  • Page 63: Measurement

    3 measurement options 3 measurement options.

  • Page 64: Introduction

    Introduction this section describes the front panel features of the model 2010. For those measurement options accessible only by a remote interface, refer to sections 4 and 5. This section is organized as follows: • measurement configuration — describes ranging, filtering, relative readings, digits ...

  • Page 65: Filter

    Autoranging to enable autoranging, press the auto key. The auto annunciator turns on when autoranging is selected. While autoranging is selected, the instrument automatically chooses the best range to measure the applied signal. Autoranging should not be used when optimum speed is required. Note tha...

  • Page 66

    Filter types the moving average filter ( figure 3-1 ) uses a first-in, first-out stack. When the stack becomes full, the measurement conversions are averaged, yielding a reading. For each subsequent conversion placed into the stack, the oldest conversion is discarded, and the stack is re-averaged, y...

  • Page 67: Relative

    Relative the rel (relative) function can be used to null offsets or subtract a baseline reading from present and future readings. When rel is enabled, the instrument uses the present reading as a relative value. Subsequent readings will be the difference between the actual input value and the rel va...

  • Page 68: Rate

    Rate the rate operation sets the integration time of the a/d converter, the period of time the input signal is measured (also known as aperture). The integration time affects the usable digits, the amount of reading noise, as well as the ultimate reading rate of the instrument. The integration time ...

  • Page 69

    Bandwidth the rate setting for ac voltage and current measurements determines the bandwidth setting: • slow — 3hz to 300khz. • medium — 30hz to 300khz. • fast — 300hz to 300khz. Bandwidth is used to specify the lowest frequency of interest. When the slow bandwidth (3hz to 300khz) is chosen, the sign...

  • Page 70: Trigger Operations

    Trigger operations the following paragraphs discuss front panel triggering, the programmable trigger delay, the reading hold feature, and external triggering. Trigger model the flowchart in figure 3-2 summarizes triggering as viewed from the front panel. It is called a trigger model because it is mo...

  • Page 71

    Delay a programmable delay is available after event detection. It can be set manually or an auto delay can be used. With auto delay, the model 2010 selects a delay based on the function and range. The auto settings are listed in table 3-2 . The delay function is accessed by pressing the shift-delay ...

  • Page 72: Reading Hold (Autosettle)

    Device actions the primary device action is a measurement. However, the device action block could include the following additional actions: • filtering — if the repeating filter is enabled, the instrument samples the specified number of reading conversions to yield single filtered reading. Only one ...

  • Page 73: External Triggering

    Hold example 1. Enable hold, select a window percentage, and enter a count. 2. Apply test probes to a signal. Once the signal becomes stable enough to satisfy the hold condition, the reading is released, and the beeper sounds (if enabled). 3. Remove the hold condition by lifting the probes. Hold wil...

  • Page 74

    External trigger the ext trig input requires a falling-edge, ttl-compatible pulse with the specifications shown in figure 3-4 . In general, external triggers can be used to control measure operations. For the model 2010 to respond to external triggers, the trigger model must be configured for it. Vo...

  • Page 75

    The trigger link connections for this test system are shown in figure 3-7 . Trigger link of the model 2010 is connected to trigger link (either in or out) of the model 7001/7002. Note that with the default trigger settings on the model 7001/7002, line #1 is an input and line #2 is an output. This co...

  • Page 76

    To run the test and store readings in the model 2010 with the unit set for external triggers, press step or scan. The model 2010 waits (with the asterisk annunciator lit) for an external trigger from the model 7001/7002. Press step on the model 7001/7002 to take it out of idle and start the scan. Th...

  • Page 77

    And the model 2010 operation is at point a waiting for a trigger. The output channel ready pulse from the model 7001/7002 triggers the multimeter to measure dut #1 (point e). After the measurement is complete, the model 2010 outputs a completion pulse (point f) and then loops back to point a, where ...

  • Page 78: Buffer Operations

    Buffer operations the model 2010 has a buffer to store from two to 1024 readings and units. It also stores the channel number for scanned readings and overflow readings. In addition, recalled data includes statistical information, such as minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation. Note stati...

  • Page 79: Buffer Statistics

    Buffer statistics the max at and min at values are the maximum and minimum values in the buffer. The average value is the mean of the buffered readings. The equation used to calculate the mean is: where: xi is a stored reading. N is the number of stored readings. The std dev value is the standard de...

  • Page 80: Limit Operations

    Limit operations limit operations set and control the values that determine the hi/in/lo status of subsequent measurements. Limits can be applied to all measurement functions except continuity. The limit test is performed after mx+b and percent math operations. Unit prefixes are applied before the l...

  • Page 81: Enabling Limits

    Enabling limits use the following procedure to turn on the limits operation: 1. Press the shift-on/off keys to view the present beeper status: beep: never 2. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to change the beeper status (never, outside, inside). Press enter when finished. When the multimeter returns to the norma...

  • Page 82: Scan Operations

    Scan operations the model 2010 can be used with an internal scanner card (model 2000 scan or 2001-tcscan) or with external scanner cards installed in switching mainframes such as the models 707, 7001, and 7002. The following paragraphs discuss various aspects of using scanning with the model 2010. S...

  • Page 83: Using The

    Using the and keys the and keys can be used to manually scan through channels on the internal scanner card. With a scanner card installed in the option slot, press the key to manually increment channels or the key to manually decrement channels. The annunciator of the closed channel is lit. Hold dow...

  • Page 84

    Stepping and scanning trigger model additions the trigger model presented in “trigger operations” earlier in this section has some additional capabilities when stepping or scanning. These are outlined below: • timer — with this control source, event detection is immediately satisfied on the initial ...

  • Page 85

    Using shift-config to configure stepping and scanning using the shift-config key combination, you can select internal or external scanning, the minimum and maximum channels in the scan list, the time between scans, and the reading count. To configure stepping or scanning, perform the following: 1. S...

  • Page 86: Scanning Examples

    7. Next, you are prompted for a reading count (rdg cnt). This can be less than, equal to, or greater than the scan list length (up to 1024). It is the number of readings that will be stored in the buffer. The effects of these choices are further described in the scanning examples. 8. Press enter whe...

  • Page 87

    • with a reading count (0010) equal to the scan list length (10), a step operation consecutively closes ten channels and sends an output trigger after each channel. A scan operation also consecutively closes ten channels but sends an output trigger only at the end of the scan. • with a reading count...

  • Page 88

    Timing another configuration option for stepping and scanning is the timing of channel closures. The example in figure 3-15 shows how different settings of timer and delay affect these operations. These are the timer control source and the delay block shown in the trigger models in figure 3-12 and f...

  • Page 89

    Type:int min chan: 1 max chan: 10 timer? Timer? On 00h:00m:05.000s rdg cnt: 0010 step 10 channel closures at 5-second intervals 10 output triggers scan 10 channel closures 1 output trigger recall 10 readings rdg cnt: 0010 delay: man 00h:00m:05.000s step 10 channel closures at 5-second intervals 10 o...

  • Page 90

    External scanning the example in figure 3-16 shows the front panel operations to configure an external scan. The trigger and signal connections were shown previously in “trigger operations”. Both instrument setups assume factory defaults. Set the model 2010 for the desired measurement function. On t...

  • Page 91

    Model 7001 (from "reset setup") scan channels 1!1-1!10 configure scan chan-control channel-spacing triglink asynchronous chan-count 10 scan-control scan-count 1 model 2010 (from "factory setup") shift-config type:ext min chan: 001 max chan: 010 timer? Off rdg cnt: 0010 enter ex trig step or scan ste...

  • Page 92: System Operations

    System operations the model 2010 has other front panel operations. Saving and restoring setup information is described in section 2. Selecting the remote interface and language is covered in section 4. Self-test the test selections are used as diagnostic tools to isolate problems within the model 20...

  • Page 93: Remote Oper-

    4 remote operation 4 remote oper- ation.

  • Page 94: Introduction

    Introduction this section includes the following information: • selecting an interface • selecting a language • rs-232 operation • gpib bus operation and reference • status structure • trigger model (gpib operation) • programming syntax • common commands selecting an interface the model 2010 multime...

  • Page 95: Gpib Bus

    Gpib bus the gpib bus is the ieee-488 interface. You must select a unique address for the model 2010 multimeter. The address is displayed when the multimeter is turned on. At the factory, the address is set to 16. Since gpib is the interface selection defined by the factory, only follow these steps ...

  • Page 96: Scpi

    To select a programming language, follow these steps: 1. Access the gpib configuration options by pressing shift then gpib. You see gpib:on with gpib blinking. 2. Select the language configuration option by pressing the enter key twice. You see: lang:. 3. Move to the language selection field by pres...

  • Page 97: Rs-232 Operation

    Rs-232 operation sending and receiving data the rs-232 interface transfers data using eight data bits, one stop bit, and no parity. Make sure the controller you connect to the multimeter also uses these settings. You can break data transmissions by sending a ^c or ^x character string to the multimet...

  • Page 98: Setting Terminator

    Selecting signal handshaking (flow control) signal handshaking between the controller and the instrument allows the two devices to communicate to each other regarding being ready or not ready to receive data. The model 2010 does not support hardware handshaking (flow control). Software flow control ...

  • Page 99: Rs-232 Connections

    Rs-232 connections the rs-232 serial port can be connected to the serial port of a controller (i.E., personal computer) using a straight through rs-232 cable terminated with db-9 connectors. Do not use a null modem cable. The serial port uses the transmit (txd), receive (rxd), and signal ground (gnd...

  • Page 100: Introduction

    Gpib bus operation and reference introduction the following paragraphs contain information about connecting to and using the gpib (ieee-488) bus. Gpib bus standards the gpib bus is the ieee-488 instrumentation data bus with hardware and programming standards originally adopted by the ieee (institute...

  • Page 101

    To avoid possible mechanical damage, stack no more than three connectors on any one unit. Note to minimize interference caused by electromagnetic radiation, use only shielded ieee-488 cables. Available shielded cables from keithley are models 7007-1 and 7007-2. To connect the model 2010 multimeter t...

  • Page 102: Quickbasic 4.5 Programming

    Note you can only have 15 devices connected to an ieee-488 bus, including the controller. The maximum cable length is either 20 meters or two meters times the number of devices, whichever is less. Not observing these limits may cause erratic bus operation. Selecting the primary address the model 201...

  • Page 103

    About program fragments program fragments are used to demonstrate proper programming syntax. Only a fragment of the whole program is used to avoid redundancy. At the beginning of each program, driver files have to be opened. The input terminator should be set for crlf. For example: open "ieee" for o...

  • Page 104: General Bus Commands

    General bus commands general bus commands and associated statements general commands are those commands, such as dcl, that have the same general meaning regardless of the instrument. Table 4-3 lists the general bus commands along with the programming statement for each command, which use the keithle...

  • Page 105

    Note that this command does not affect the status of the instrument; settings, data, and event registers are not changed. To send the ifc command, the controller must set the ifc line true for a minimum of 100µs. Program fragment print #1, "output 16; *idn?" 'send query command print #1, "enter 16" ...

  • Page 106

    Sdc (selective device clear) the sdc command is an addressed command that performs essentially the same function as the dcl command. However, since each device must be individually addressed, the sdc command provides a method to clear only selected instruments instead of clearing all instruments sim...

  • Page 107: Front Panel Gpib Operation

    Front panel gpib operation the following paragraphs describe aspects of the front panel that are part of gpib operation, including messages, status indicators, and the local key. Error and status messages see section 2 for a list of error and status messages associated with ieee-488 programming. The...

  • Page 108: Status Structure

    Status structure see figure 4-5 for the model 2010 multimeter’s status structure. Instrument events, such as errors, are monitored and manipulated by four status register sets. Notice that these status register sets feed directly into the status byte register. More detailed illustrations of these re...

  • Page 109: Condition Registers

    Condition registers as figure 4-5 shows, all status register sets have a condition register. A condition register is a real-time, read-only register that constantly updates to reflect the present operating conditions of the instrument. For example, while a measurement is being performed, bit b4 (mea...

  • Page 110

    * esr ? Pon (b7) urq (b6) cme (b5) exe (b4) dde (b3) qye (b2) (b1) (b0) or standard event status register standard event status enable register pon = power on urq = user request cme = command error exe = execution error dde = device-dependent error qye = query error opc = operation complete & = logi...

  • Page 111

    Ll2 (b3) ll2 (b3) ll2 (b3) or bfl = buffer full bhf = buffer half full bav = buffer available & = logical and or = logical or (b15 - b12) (b10) (b9) bhf (b8) bav (b7) (b6) rav (b5) (b4) (b2) ll1 (b1) (b0) measurement event register (b15 - b12) measurement event enable register to measurement summary...

  • Page 112: Queues

    Queues the model 2010 uses two queues, which are first-in, first-out (fifo) registers: • output queue — used to hold reading and response messages. • error queue — used to hold error and status messages. The model 2010 multimeter status model ( figure 4-5 ) shows how the two queues are structured wi...

  • Page 113

    Status byte and service request (srq) service request is controlled by two 8-bit registers: the status byte register and the service request enable register. Figure 4-10 shows the structure of these registers. Status byte register the summary messages from the status registers and queues are used to...

  • Page 114

    For a description of the other bits in the status byte register, see “common commands”. The ieee-488.2 standard uses the *stb? Common query command to read the status byte register. When reading the status byte register using the *stb? Command, bit b6 is called the mss bit. None of the bits in the s...

  • Page 115

    Serial poll and srq any enabled event summary bit that goes from 0 to 1 will set rqs and generate a service request (srq). In your test program, you can periodically read the status byte register to check if a service request (srq) has occurred and what caused it. If an srq occurs, the program can, ...

  • Page 116

    Trigger model (gpib operation) the following paragraphs describe how the model 2010 multimeter operates over the gpib bus. The flowchart in figure 4-11 summarizes operation over the bus. The flowchart is called the trigger model because operation is controlled by scpi commands from the trigger subsy...

  • Page 117: Idle and Initiate

    Idle and initiate the instrument is considered to be in the idle state whenever it is not operating. While in the idle state, the instrument cannot perform any measure or scan functions. You can send two commands over the bus to remove the instrument from the idle state: • :initiate • :initiate:cont...

  • Page 118

    Device action — figure 4-12 provides a detailed illustration of the device action. If the repeat filter is enabled, then the instrument samples the specified number of reading conversions to yield a single filtered reading. If the moving filter is active, or filter is disabled, then only one reading...

  • Page 119: Programming Syntax

    Programming syntax the following paragraphs cover syntax for both common commands and scpi commands. For more information, see the ieee- 488.2 and scpi standards. Command words program messages are made up of one or more command words. Commands and command parameters common commands and scpi command...

  • Page 120

    • parameter types — the following are some of the common parameter types: boolean — used to enable or disable an instrument operation. 0 or off disables the operation, and 1 or on enables the operation. :current:ac:range:auto on enable autoranging name parameter — select a parameter name from a list...

  • Page 121: Query Commands

    Query commands the query command requests the presently programmed status. It is identified by the question mark (?) at the end of the fundamental form of the command. Most commands have a query form. :trigger:timer? Queries the timer interval most commands that require a numeric parameter () can al...

  • Page 122: Short-Form Rules

    Short-form rules use the following rules to determine the short-form version of any scpi command: • if the length of the command word is four letters or less, no short form version exists. :auto = :auto these rules apply to command words that exceed four letters: • if the fourth letter of the comman...

  • Page 123

    Single command messages the above command structure has three levels. The first level is made up of the root command (:status) and serves as a path. The second level is made up of another path (:operation) and a command (:preset). The third path is made up of one command for the :operation path. The...

  • Page 124

    Command path rules • each new program message must begin with the root command, unless it is optional (e.G., [:sense]). If the root is optional, simply treat a command word on the next level as the root. • the colon (:) at the beginning of a program message is optional and need not be used. :stat:pr...

  • Page 125: Response Messages

    Response messages a response message is the message sent by the instrument to the computer in response to a query command program message. Sending a response message after sending a query command, the response message is placed in the output queue. When the model 2010 multimeter is addressed to talk...

  • Page 126: Common Commands

    Common commands common commands (summarized in table 4-4 ) are device commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and defined by the ieee-488.2 standard. *cls — clear status clear status registers and error queue description use the *cls command to clear (reset ...

  • Page 127: *ese  — Event Enable

    *ese — event enable program the standard event enable register *ese? — event enable query read the standard event register parameters = 0 clear register 1 set opc (b0) 4 set qye (b2) 8 set dde (b3) 16 set exe (b4) 32 set cme (b5) 64 set urq (b6) 128 set pon (b7) 255 set all bits description use the ...

  • Page 128

    The standard event enable register is shown in figure 4-13 and includes the decimal weight of each bit. The sum of the decimal weights of the bits that you wish to be set is the parameter value that is sent with the *ese command. For example, to set the cme and qye bits of the standard event enable ...

  • Page 129

    The bits of the standard event status register are described as follows: • bit b0, operation complete — a set bit indicates that all pending selected device operations are completed and the model 2010 is ready to accept new commands. This bit only sets in response to the *opc? Query command. • bit b...

  • Page 130

    *idn? — identification query read the identification code description the identification code includes the manufacturer, model number, serial number, and firmware revision levels and is sent in the following format: keithley instruments inc., model 2010, xxxxxxx, yyyyy/zzzzz where: xxxxxxx is the se...

  • Page 131

    Program fragment gosub read register 'clear register by reading it print #1, "output 16; :init 'place 2010 in idle :cont off; :abort" print #1, "output 16; :init;*opc" 'start measurements and send *opc sleep 2 'wait two seconds gosub readregister 'read register to show that opc is 'not set print #1,...

  • Page 132

    *opc? — operation complete query place a “1” in the output queue after all pending operations are completed description on power-up or when the *cls or *rst is executed, the model 2010 goes into the operation complete command query idle state (oqis). In this state, no pending overlapped commands exi...

  • Page 133: *rcl — Recall

    Program fragment print #1, "output 16; :syst:pres" 'select defaults print #1, "output 16; :init:cont off;:abort" 'place 2010 in idle print #1, "output 16; :trig:coun 1; sour tim" print #1, "output 16; :samp:coun 5" 'program for five measurements 'and stop (idle) print #1, "output 16; :init; *opc?" '...

  • Page 134: *rst — Reset

    *rst — reset return 2010 to *rst defaults description when the *rst command is sent, the model 2010 performs the following operations: 1. Returns the model 2010 to the *rst default conditions (see scpi tables). 2. Cancels all pending commands. 3. Cancels response to any previously received *opc and ...

  • Page 135

    Corresponding bit in the status byte register is set by an appropriate event. For more information on register structure, see the information presented earlier in this section. The service request enable register is shown in figure 4-15 . Notice that the decimal weight of each bit is included in the...

  • Page 136

    *stb? — status byte query read status byte register description use the *stb? Query command to acquire the value (in decimal) of the status byte register. The status byte register is shown in figure 4-16 . The binary equivalent of the decimal value determines which bits in the register are set. All ...

  • Page 137: *trg — Trigger

    *trg — trigger send bus trigger to 2010 description use the *trg command to issue a gpib trigger to the model 2010. It has the same effect as a group execute trigger (get). Use the *trg command as an event to control operation. The model 2010 reacts to this trigger if bus is the programmed control s...

  • Page 138: *wai — Wait-to-Continue

    *wai — wait-to-continue prevent execution of commands until previous com- mands are completed description two types of device commands exist: • sequential commands — a command whose operations are allowed to finish before the next command is executed. • overlapped commands — a command that allows th...

  • Page 139: Scpi Com-

    5 scpi command reference 5 scpi com- mand refer- ence.

  • Page 140: Configure Command

    This section contains reference information on programming the model 2010 with the scpi commands. It is organized as follows: scpi signal oriented measurement commands — covers the signal oriented measurement commands. These commands are used to acquire readings. Scpi command subsystems reference ta...

  • Page 141: Fetch? Command

    Description this command configures the instrument for subsequent measurements on the specified function. This command places the instrument in a “one-shot” measurement mode. You can then use the :read? Command to trigger a measurement and acquire a reading (see :read?). When this command is sent, t...

  • Page 142: Read? Command

    Read? Command :read? Description this command is typically used with the instrument in the “one-shot” measurement mode to trigger and acquire a specified number of readings. The :sample:count command is used to specify the number of readings (see trigger subsystem). Note that the readings are stored...

  • Page 143: Measure Command

    Measure command :measure:? = current:ac ac current current[:dc] dc current voltage:ac ac voltage voltage[:dc] dc voltage resistance two-wire resistance fresistance four-wire resistance period period frequency frequency temperature temperature diode diode testing continuity continuity test descriptio...

  • Page 144

    Scpi command subsystems reference tables table 5-2 through table 5-11 summarize the commands for each scpi sub- system. The following list includes the scpi subsystem commands and the table number where each command is summarized. Calculate command summary ( table 5-2 ) display command summary ( tab...

  • Page 145

    Table 5-2 calculate command summary command description default parameter scpi :calculate[1] :format :format? :kmath :mmfactor :mmfactor? :mbfactor :mbfactor? :munits :munits? :percent :acquire :percent? :state :state? :data? Subsystem to control calc 1: select math format (none, mxb, percent). Quer...

  • Page 146

    :limit 2 :upper [:data] [:data]? :lower [data] [data]? :state :state? :fail? :clear [:immediate] :auto :auto? :immediate path to control limit 2 test: path to configure upper limit: set upper limit (-100e6 to 100e6). Query upper limit. Path to configure lower limit: set lower limit (-100e6 to 100e6)...

  • Page 147

    Table 5-4 format command summary command description default parameter scpi :format [:data] [,] [:data]? :elements list> :elements? :border :border? Select data format: (ascii, sreal or dreal). Query data format. Specify data elements: (reading, channel, and units). Query data elements. Select binar...

  • Page 148

    Table 5-6 sense command summary command description default parameter scpi [:sense[1]] :function :function? :data? :data :fresh? :hold :window :window? :count :count? :state :state? Select measurement function: ‘voltage:ac’, ‘voltage :dc’, resistance’, ‘fresistance’, ‘current:ac’, ‘current: dc’, ‘fr...

  • Page 149

    [:sense[1]] :current:[dc] :nplcycles :nplcycles? :range [:upper] [:upper]? :auto :auto? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? Path to configure dc current. Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). Query line...

  • Page 150

    :voltage:ac :nplcycles :nplcycles? :range [:upper] [:upper]? :auto :auto? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? :detector :bandwidth :bandwidth? Path to configure ac voltage. Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01...

  • Page 151

    :voltage:[dc] :nplcycles :nplcycles? :range [:upper] [:upper]? :auto :auto? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? :terminal :terminal? :ratio :ratio? :sterminals :range [:upper] [:upper]? :auto :auto? :reference :s...

  • Page 152

    [:sense[1]] :resistance :nplcycles :nplcycles? :range [:upper] [:upper]? :auto :auto? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? :ocompensated :ocompensated? Path to configure resistance: set integration rate (line cycl...

  • Page 153

    [:sense[1]] :fresistance :ocompensated :ocompensated? :dcircuit :dcircuit? Enable or disable offset compensation. Query offset compensation. Enable or disable dry circuit ohms. Query dry circuit ohms. Off off √ √ :temperature :nplcycles :nplcycles? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :dig...

  • Page 154

    [:sense[1]] :temperature :frtd :type :type? :rzero :rzero? :alpha :alpha? :beta :beta? :delta :delta? Path to configure frtd sensor. Select frtd sensor type (pt100, d100, f100, pt3916, pt385, user) query frtd sensor type. Specify rzero value (0 to 10,000). Query rzero value. Specify alpha value (0 t...

  • Page 155

    [:sense[1]] :continuity :threshold :threshold? Path to configure continuity test: set threshold resistance (1 to 1000). Query threshold resistance. 10 note: repeat is the *rst default and moving is the :system:preset default. Table 5-7 status command summary command description default parameter scp...

  • Page 156

    Table 5-8 system command summary command description default parameter scpi :system :preset :posetup :posetup? :frswitch? :version? :error? :azero :state :state? :key :key? :clear :beeper :state :state? :local :remote :rwlock :kclick :kclick? :lfrequency? Return to :syst:pres defaults. Select power-...

  • Page 157

    Table 5-10 trigger command summary command description default parameter scpi :initiate [:immediate] :continuous :continuous? :abort :trigger [:sequence[1]] :count :count? :delay :auto :auto? :delay? :source :source? :timer :timer? :signal :sample :count :count? Subsystem command path: initiate one ...

  • Page 158: Calculate Subsystem

    Calculate subsystem the commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control the calculate subsystems and are summarized in table 5-2 . :calculate[1] these commands are used to configure and control the mxb (polynomial) and percent math calculations. Detailed information on math calculations...

  • Page 159

    Description this command is used to specify the format for the calc1 math calculations. With none selected, no calc1 calculation is performed. With mxb or percent selected and enabled (see :state), the result of the calculation is displayed. The calculated reading is refreshed each time the instrume...

  • Page 160: :calculate2

    :acquire :calculate[1]:kmath:percent:acquire use input signal as target value description this action command is used to acquire the present input signal reading and use it as the target value for the percent calculation. :state :calculate[1]:state control calc1 parameters = 0 or off disable calc1 c...

  • Page 161

    :state :calculate2:state control calc2 parameters = 0 or off disable calc2 calculation 1 or on enable calc2 calculation query :state? Query state (on or off) of calc2. Description this command is used to enable or disable the calc2 calculation. When en- abled, the selected calc2 format will be calcu...

  • Page 162: :calculate3

    :calculate3 these commands are used to configure and control the calc3 limit test. [:data] :calculate3:limit[1]:upper[:data] specify upper limit1 :calculate3:limit[1]:lower[:data] specify lower limit1 :calculate3:limit2:upper[:data] specify upper limit2 :calculate3:limit2:lower[:data] specify lower ...

  • Page 163

    :fail? :calculate3:limit[1]:fail? Read limit1 test result :calculate3:limit2:fail? Read limit2 test result description this command is used to read the results of the limit1 or limit2 test: 0 = limit test passed 1 = limit test failed the response message (0 or 1) only tells you if a limit test has p...

  • Page 164: Display Subsystem

    :immediate :calculate3:immediate perform calc3 description when the configuration of the limit test is changed, the next reading is evaluated according to the new test configuration. If the instrument is not in a continuous measurement mode (e.G., waiting for a manual trigger), the test will not be ...

  • Page 165

    :text commands :data :display[:window[1]]:text:data define message for display. Parameter = ascii characters for the message (maximum of 12 characters). The characters must be enclosed in either double quotes (“ ”) or single quotes (‘ ’). Query :data? Query the defined text message. Description thes...

  • Page 166: :format Subsystem

    :format subsystem the commands in this subsystem are used to select the data format for transferring instrument readings over the bus. The border command and data command only affect readings transferred from the buffer (i.E., sense:data? Or calc:data? Are always sent in ascii). These commands are s...

  • Page 167

    Sreal will select the binary ieee754 single precision data format. Figure 5-2 shows the normal byte order format for each data element. For example, if three valid elements are specified, the data string for each reading conversion is made up of three 32-bit data blocks. Note that the entire data st...

  • Page 168: :border Command

    :border command :border :format:border specify binary byte order parameters = normal normal byte order for binary formats swapped reverse byte order for binary formats query :border? Query byte order description this command is used to control the byte order for the ieee754 binary formats. For norma...

  • Page 169: :elements Command

    :elements command :elements :format:elements parameters : reading includes reading in data string channel includes channel number units includes units note: each item in the list must be separated by a comma (,). Query :elements? Query elements in data string description this command is used to spec...

  • Page 170: Route Subsystem

    Route subsystem the commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control switching and are summarized in table 5-5 . Single channel (or channel pair) control like operation from the front panel, the following commands let you close a single channel (or channel pair for 4-pole operation) on a...

  • Page 171

    :close:state? :route:close:state? Query closed channel or channel pair description the response message for this query command indicates the channel (or channel pair) that has been closed on the internal scanner card using the :rout:close command (or channels closed from the front panel). Note that ...

  • Page 172: Multiple Channel Control

    Multiple channel control the following commands let you close one or more channels at the same time. They also let you manually select the 2-pole or 4-pole mode of operation. :close :route:multiple:close close specified channels parameter = (@ chanlist) specify channels to close where chanlist is th...

  • Page 173: :scan Commands

    :open :route:multiple:open open specified channels parameter = (@ chanlist) specify channels to open where chanlist is the list of channels (1 through 11) to be opened. Description this command is used to open specified channels on the internal scanner card. When this command is sent, the channels s...

  • Page 174

    :external :route:scan:external define external scan list parameter = (@ scanlist) where scanlist is the specified list of external channels (1 to 800) to be scanned. Query :external? Query programmed scan list description the model 2010 can operate with an external switch system, such as the keithle...

  • Page 175: [Sense[1]] Subsystem

    [sense[1]] subsystem the sense 1 subsystem is used to configure and control the measurement functions of the model 2010. A function does not have to be selected before you program its various configurations. A function can be selected any time after it has been programmed. Whenever a programmed func...

  • Page 176: :data Command

    :data command :data? [:sense[1]]:data? Return reading. Description this query command is used to read the latest instrument reading. This command returns the raw reading or a reading that is the result of the reference (rel from the front panel) operation. For example, if a reference value of 1.0 is...

  • Page 177: :hold Command

    :hold command the following commands are used to configure and control the hold feature. For details on hold, refer to “trigger model, device action” in this section and “hold” in section 3. :window [:sense[1]]:hold:window set hold window parameter = 0.01 to 20 set window (percent) query :window? Qu...

  • Page 178: Speed Commands

    Speed commands :nplcycles [:sense[1]]:current:ac:nplcycles set nplc for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:nplcycles set nplc for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:nplcycles set nplc for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:nplcycles set nplc for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:nplcycles set nplc for Ω2 [:sense[1]]:fresistan...

  • Page 179: :range Commands

    :range commands [:upper] [:sense[1]]:current:ac:range[:upper] set measurement range for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:range[:upper] set measurement range for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:range[:upper] set measurement range for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:range[:upper] set measurement range for dcv [:s...

  • Page 180

    :auto [:sense[1]]:current:ac:range:auto control auto range for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:range:auto control auto range for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:range:auto control auto range for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:range:auto control auto range for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:range:auto control auto...

  • Page 181: :reference Commands

    :reference commands :reference [:sense[1]]:current:ac:reference specify reference for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:reference specify reference for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:reference specify reference for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:reference specify reference for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:refere...

  • Page 182

    :state [:sense[1]]:current:ac:reference:state control reference for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:reference:state control reference for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:reference:state control reference for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:reference:state control reference for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:refere...

  • Page 183: :dcircuit Command

    :dcircuit command :dcircuit [:sense[1]]:fresistance:dcircuit toggle dry circuit (low voltage ohms) parameters = 1 or on enable dry circuit (low voltage) ohms 0 or off disable dry circuit (low voltage) ohms query :dcircuit? Query status of dry circuit (low voltage) ohms description this command is us...

  • Page 184: :digits Command

    :digits command :digits [:sense[1]]:current:ac:digits specify resolution for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:digits specify resolution for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:digits specify resolution for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:digits specify resolution for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:digits specify resolu...

  • Page 185: :average Commands

    :average commands the :average commands are used to configure and control the filter. The filter is explained in section 3. :state [:sense[1]]:current:ac:average:state control filter for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:average:state control filter for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:average:state control fi...

  • Page 186: Bandwidth Command

    :count [:sense[1]]:current:ac:average:count specify filter count for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:average:count specify filter for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:average:count specify filter count for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:average:count specify filter count for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:average:...

  • Page 187: :threshold Commands

    :threshold commands use these commands to set the maximum range input (signal level) for frequency and period measurements. :range [:sense[1]]:period:threshold:voltage:range set voltage threshold range [:sense[1]]:frequency:threshold:voltage:range set voltage threshold range parameters = 0 to 1010 s...

  • Page 188: Thermocouple Commands

    Thermocouple commands :type [:sense[1]]:temperature:tcouple:type specify tc type parameters = j set operation for type j thermocouples k set operation for type k thermocouples n set operation for type n thermocouples t set operation for type t thermocouples query :type? Query thermocouple type descr...

  • Page 189

    Description this command is used to specify the simulated reference temperature. The temperature value depends on which temperature scale is presently selected (°c, °f, or k). Typically, 0° or 23°c is used as the simulated reference temperature. :real:tcoefficient [:sense[1]]:temperature:tcouple:rju...

  • Page 190: Frtd Commands

    Frtd commands :type [:sense[1]]:temperature:frtd:type specify frtd parameters parameters = pt100 selects default parameters for the pt100 standard (its-90) d100 selects default parameters for the d100 standard (its-90) f100 selects default parameters for the f100 standard (its-90) pt3916 selects def...

  • Page 191: :diode Command

    :alpha [:sense[1]]:temperature:frtd:alpha specify alpha value parameters = 0 to 0.01 specify frtd alpha value query :alpha? Query value of alpha description this command is used to check and/or change the alpha value. Remember that if you change the present alpha value, the frtd type will change to ...

  • Page 192: :continuity Command

    5-54 scpi command reference :continuity command :threshold [sense[1]]:continuity:threshold specify threshold resistance parameters = 1 to 1000 specify threshold in ohms query :threshold? Query threshold resistance this command is used to specify the threshold resistance for the continuity test. Cont...

  • Page 193

    Scpi command reference 5-55 measurement event register: bit b0, reading overflow (rof) — set bit indicates that the reading exceeds the measurement range of the instrument. Bit b1, low limit1 (ll1) — set bit indicates that the reading is less than the low limit 1 setting. Bit b2, high limit1 (hl1) —...

  • Page 194

    5-56 scpi command reference questionable event register: bits b0 through b3 — not used. Bit b4, temperature summary (temp) — set bit indicates that an invalid reference junction measurement has occurred for thermocouple temperature measurements. Bits b5 through b7 — not used. Bit b8, calibration sum...

  • Page 195

    Scpi command reference 5-57 operation event register: bits b0 through b3 — not used. Bit b4, measuring (meas) — set bit indicates that the instrument is performing a measurement. Bit b5, triggering (trig) — set bit indicates that the instrument is in the device action block of the trigger model. Bit...

  • Page 196: :enable Command

    5-58 scpi command reference :enable command :enable :status:measurement:enable program measurement event enable register :status:questionable:enable program questionable event enable register :status:operation:enable program operation event enable register parameters = 0 clear register = 128 set bit...

  • Page 197

    Scpi command reference 5-59 b11 b10 b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 — — bfl bhf bav rav hl2 ll2 hl1 ll1 rof — — 512 (2 9 ) — — 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 b15 - b12 — — — 256 (2 8 ) 128 (2 7 ) 32 (2 5 ) 16 (2 4 ) 8 (2 3 ) 4 (2 2 ) 2 (2 1 ) 1 (2 0 ) value: 1 = enable measurement event 0 = disab...

  • Page 198: :condition? Command

    5-60 scpi command reference :condition? Command :condition? :status:measurement:condition? Read measurement condition register :status:questionable:condition? Read questionable condition register :status:operation:condition? Read operation condition register description these query commands are used...

  • Page 199: :queue Commands

    Scpi command reference 5-61 :queue commands [:next]? :status:queue[:next]? Read error queue description as error and status messages occur, they are placed into the error queue. This query command is used to read those messages. The error queue is a first-in, first-out (fifo) register. Each time you...

  • Page 200

    5-62 scpi command reference :enable :status:queue:enable enable messages for error queue parameter = (numlist) where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to enable for the error queue. Query :enable? Query list of enabled messages description on power-up, all error messages are enab...

  • Page 201

    Scpi command reference 5-63 :disable :status:queue:disable disable messages for error queue parameter = (numlist) where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to disable for the error queue. Query :disable? Query list of disabled messages description on power-up, all error messages ar...

  • Page 202: :system Subsystem

    5-64 scpi command reference :system subsystem the system subsystem contains miscellaneous commands that are summarized in table 5-8 . :beeper command :state :system:beeper:state enable or disable beeper parameters = 1 or on enable beeper 0 or off disable beeper query :state? Query state of beeper de...

  • Page 203: :posetup Command

    Scpi command reference 5-65 :posetup command :posetup :system:posetup program power-on defaults parameters = rst select *rst defaults on power up preset select :system:preset defaults on power up sav0 select saved defaults on power up query :posetup? Query power-on setup description this command is ...

  • Page 204: :error? Command

    5-66 scpi command reference :error? Command :error? :system:error? Read error queue description as error and status messages occur, they are placed in the error queue. This query command is used to read those messages. The error queue is a first-in, first-out (fifo) register that can hold up to ten ...

  • Page 205: :azero Commands

    Scpi command reference 5-67 :azero commands :state :system:azero:state control autozero parameters = 1 or on enable autozero 0 or off disable autozero query :state? Query state of autozero description this command is used to disable or enable autozero. When enabled, accuracy is optimized. When disab...

  • Page 206: :key  Command

    5-68 scpi command reference :key command :system:key simulate key-press parameters = 1 shift key = 17 local key 2 dcv key 18 ex trig key 3 acv key 19 trig key 4 dci key 20 store key 5 aci 21 recall key 6 Ω2 key 22 filter key 7 Ω4 key 23 rel key 8 freq key 24 left arrow key 9 — 25 — 10 — 26 open key ...

  • Page 207

    Scpi command reference 5-69 2010 multimeter range ! F 500v peak front/rear 3a 250v amps hi input lo sense Ω 4 wire inputs 350v peak 1000v peak auto shift local power range r shift ch1 rem talk lstn srq stat rel filt 4w buffer math rear scan timer step ch2 ch3 ch4 ch5 ch6 ch7 ch8 ch9 ch10 hold trig f...

  • Page 208: Rs-232 Interface Commands

    5-70 scpi command reference rs-232 interface commands :local :system:local take 2010 out of remote description normally, the model 2010 is in local during rs-232 communications. In this state, front panel keys are operational. However, the user may wish to lock out front keys during rs-232 communica...

  • Page 210: :feed Command

    5-72 scpi command reference :feed command :feed :trace:feed specify readings source parameters = sense[1] put raw readings in buffer calculate[1] put calculated readings in buffer none put no readings in buffer query :feed? Query buffer feed description this command is used to select the source of r...

  • Page 211: Trigger Subsystem

    Scpi command reference 5-73 trigger subsystem the trigger subsystem is made up of a series of commands and subsystems to configure the trigger model. These commands and subsystems are summarized in table 5-10 . :initiate commands [:immediate] :initiate[:immediate] take 2010 out of idle state descrip...

  • Page 212: :trigger Commands

    5-74 scpi command reference :trigger commands :count :trigger[:sequence[1]]:count set measure count parameters = 1 to 9999 specify count inf sets count to infinite default sets count to 1 minimum sets count to 1 maximum sets count to 9999 query :count? Queries programmed count :count? Default querie...

  • Page 213

    Scpi command reference 5-75 :source :trigger[:sequence[1]]:source specify measure event control source parameters = immediate pass operation through immediately external select external triggering as event timer select timer as event manual select manual event bus select bus trigger as event query :...

  • Page 214: :unit Subsystem

    5-76 scpi command reference :sample command :sample:count set sample count parameter = 1 to 1024 query :count? Query the sample count description this command specifies the sample count. The sample count defines how many times operation loops around in the trigger model to perform a device action. N...

  • Page 215: :voltage Commands

    Scpi command reference 5-77 :voltage commands :ac :unit:voltage:ac specify acv units parameters = v ac voltage measurement units db db ac voltage measurement units dbm dbm ac voltage measurement units query :ac? Query ac voltage units description this command is used to select the units for acv meas...

  • Page 216

    5-78 scpi command reference [:dc] :unit:voltage[:dc] specify dcv units parameters = v dc voltage measurement units db db dc voltage measurement units dbm dbm dc voltage measurement units query [:dc]? Query dc voltage units description this command is used to select the units for dcv measurements. Wi...

  • Page 217

    A specifications section a (pgs 1-7) 8/25/03 12:21 pm page 1.

  • Page 218: Specifications

    A-2 specifications specifications the following pages contain the condensed specifications for the 2010. Every effort has been made to make these specifications complete by characterizing its performance under the variety of conditions often encountered in production, engineering, and research. The ...

  • Page 219: Drn.

    Keithley instruments, inc. Cleveland, ohio 44139 drn. Ckd. App. Date date date part number ltr revisions app. Date form 28777a-sbg bruning 40-21 62198-sbg purchased item specifications 2010 low-noise multimeter hw 9/5/03 rev. C dc characteristics conditions: med (1 plc) 1 or slow (5 plc) test input ...

  • Page 220: Drn.

    Keithley instruments, inc. Cleveland, ohio 44139 drn. Ckd. App. Date date date part number ltr revisions app. Date form 28777a-sbg bruning 40-21 62198-sbg purchased item specifications 2010 low-noise multimeter hw 9/5/03 rev. C high crest factor additional error ±(% of reading) 7 crest factor: 1–2 2...

  • Page 221: Drn.

    Keithley instruments, inc. Cleveland, ohio 44139 drn. Ckd. App. Date date date part number ltr revisions app. Date form 28777a-sbg bruning 40-21 62198-sbg purchased item specifications 2010 low-noise multimeter hw 9/5/03 rev. C frequency and period characteristics 1,2 resolution accuracy acv frequen...

  • Page 222: Accuracy Calculations

    Accuracy calculations the information below discusses how to calculate accuracy for both dc and ac characteristics. Calculating dc characteristics accuracy dc characteristics accuracy is calculated as follows: accuracy = ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) (ppm = parts per million and 10ppm = 0.001%) a...

  • Page 223

    Calculating dbm characteristics accuracy as an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits for a 13dbm measurement with a reference impedance of 50 Ω, assume an applied signal 0.998815v. The relationship between voltage and dbm is as follows: from the previous example on calculating dc cha...

  • Page 224: Additional Derating Factors

    Calculating db characteristics accuracy the relationship between voltage and db is as follows: as an example of how to calculate the actual readings limits for db with a user-defined v ref of 10v, you must calculate the voltage accuracy and apply it to above equation. To calculate a -60db measuremen...

  • Page 225: Optimizing Measurement Speed

    Optimizing measurement accuracy the configurations listed below assume that the multimeter has had factory setups restored. Dc voltage, dc current, and resistance: • select 6 ½ digits, 10 plc, filter on (up to 100 readings), fixed range. • use rel on dc voltage and two-wire resistance measurements. ...

  • Page 226

    A-12 specifications.

  • Page 227: Status and Error

    B status and error messages b status and error messages.

  • Page 228

    Table b-1 status and error messages number description event -440 -430 -420 -410 -363 -350 -330 -314 -315 -285 -284 -282 -281 -260 -241 -230 -225 -224 -223 -222 -221 -220 -215 -214 -213 -212 -211 -210 -202 -201 -200 -178 -171 -170 -168 -161 -160 -158 -154 -151 -150 query unterminated after indefinit...

  • Page 229

    -148 -144 -141 -140 -128 -124 -123 -121 -120 -114 -113 -112 -111 -110 -109 -108 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100 character data not allowed character data too long invalid character data character data error numeric data not allowed too many digits exponent too large invalid character in number numeric...

  • Page 230

    +308 +309 +310 +311 buffer available buffer half full buffer full buffer overflow se se se se +400 +401 +402 +403 +404 +405 +406 +407 +408 +409 +410 +411 +412 +413 +414 +415 +416 +417 +418 +419 +420 +421 +422 +423 +424 +425 +438 +439 +440 +450 +451 +452 +453 +454 +455 +456 +457 calibration messages:...

  • Page 231

    +458 +459 +460 +461 +462 +463 +464 +465 +466 +467 +468 +469 +470 +471 +472 +473 +474 +475 +476 +477 +478 +479 +480 +481 +482 +483 +484 +485 +486 +487 +490 +499 1 vac noise error 10 vac zero error 10 vac full scale error 10 vac noise error 100 vac zero error 100 vac full scale error 750 vac zero erro...

  • Page 232

    Note: scpi-confirmed messages are described in volume 2: command reference of the standard commands for programmable instruments. Refer to the :system:error? Command. +800 +802 +803 +805 +806 +807 +808 +900 rs-232 framing error detected rs-232 overrun detected rs-232 break detected invalid system co...

  • Page 233: Example Pro-

    C example programs c example pro- grams.

  • Page 234: Program Examples

    Program examples all examples presume quickbasic version 4.5 or higher and a cec ieee-488 interface card with cec driver version 2.11 or higher, with the model 2010 at address 16 on the ieee-488 bus. Changing function and range the model 2010 has independent controls for each of its measurement func...

  • Page 235

    'example program to demonstrate changing function and range, 'taking readings on various functions 'for quickbasic 4.5 and cec pc488 interface card 'edit the following line to where the quickbasic 'libraries are on your computer '$include: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.Bi' 'initialize the cec interface as address...

  • Page 236: One-Shot Triggering

    One-shot triggering other dmms generally have two types of triggering: one-shot and continuous. In one-shot, each activation of the selected trigger source causes one reading. In continuous, the dmm is idle until the trigger source is activated, at which time it begins taking readings at a specified...

  • Page 237

    Generating srq on buffer full when your program must wait until the model 2010 has completed an operation, it is more efficient to program the 2010 to assert the ieee-488 srq line when it is finished, rather than repeatedly serial polling the instrument. An ieee-488 controller will typically address...

  • Page 238: Storing Readings In Buffer

    Storing readings in buffer the reading buffer in the model 2010 is flexible and capable. It has three controls, which are found in the trace subsystem. There are commands to control: • the size of the buffer (in readings). Trace:points • where the data is coming from (before or after the calculate1 ...

  • Page 239

    'example program to demonstrate the reading buffer 'for quickbasic 4.5 and cec pc488 interface card 'edit the following line to where the quickbasic 'libraries are on your computer '$include: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.Bi' 'initialize the cec interface as address 21 call initialize(21, 0) 'reset controls and p...

  • Page 240

    Taking readings with the scanner card the model 2000-scan is an optional 10-channel scanner card for the model 2010 multimeter. Only one channel can be closed at a time. If you close a channel while another is already closed, the first one opens with break-before-make operation. You can use the scan...

  • Page 241

    'example program to demonstrate taking readings on different 'scanner channels 'for quickbasic 4.5 and cec pc488 interface card 'edit the following line to where the quickbasic 'libraries are on your computer '$include: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.Bi' 'initialize the cec interface as address 21 call initialize(...

  • Page 242

    The following example program sets up the model 2010 using a scan list to measure dc voltage on channels 1, 2 and 3. The meter takes ten sets of readings, with each set spaced 15 seconds apart, and each of the three readings in each group taken as fast as possible. The model 2010 stores the readings...

  • Page 243

    '*rst sets trig:sour to imm call send(16, "samp:coun 3", status%) call send(16, "trig:sour tim;tim 15", status%) call send(16, "trig:coun 10", status%) 'trace subsystem is not affected by *rst call send(16, "trac:poin 30," status%) call send(16, "trac:feed sens1;feed:cont next", status%) 'now the bu...

  • Page 244

    Taking readings using the :read? Command this programming example demonstrates a simple method for taking and displaying (on the computer crt) a specified number of readings. The number of readings is specified by the :sample:count command. When :read? Is asserted, the specified number of readings i...

  • Page 245

    Print #1, “:init:cont off;:abort” ‘ init off print #1, “:sens:func ‘volt:dc” ‘ dcv print #1, “:syst:azer:stat off” ‘ auto zero off print #1, “:sens:volt:dc:aver:stat off” ‘ filter off print #1, “:sens:volt:dc:nplc 0.01” ‘ nplc = 0.01 print #1, “:sens:volt:dc:rang 10” ‘ 10v range print #1, “:sens:vol...

  • Page 246

    C-14 example programs.

  • Page 247: Models 196/

    D models 196/199 commands d models 196/ 199 com- mands.

  • Page 248

    The model 2010 can be configured to accept device-dependent commands of the keithley models 196/199. The commands for controlling the model 2010 with the 196/199 language are provided in table d-1 . Since the architecture of the model 2010 differs from that of the 196/199, some commands are differen...

  • Page 249

    Filter p0 p1 p2 filter disabled moving filter (count = 10) repeat filter (count = 10) rate s0 s1 s2 0.1 plc integration line cycle integration (16.67ms, 60hz; 20ms, 50hz) 10 plc (166.67ms integration, 60hz; 200ms integration, 50hz) trigger mode t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 continuous on talk one-shot on ...

  • Page 250

    Eoi and bus hold-off k0 k1 k2 k3 enable eoi and bus hold-off on x disable eoi, enable bus hold-off on x enable eoi, disable bus hold-off on x disable both eoi and bus hold-off on x terminator y0 y1 y2 y3 cr lf lf cr cr lf status u0 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 send machine status word (199 format only) send er...

  • Page 251

    Scanning n0 n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7 n8 n9 n10 n11 n12 n13 n14 n15 n16 n17 n18 n19 n20 open all - stop scanning or stepping if applicable close channel 1 close channel 2 close channel 1 close channel 4 close channel 5 close channel 6 close channel 7 close channel 8 close channel 9 close channel 10 step ...

  • Page 252

    For the ohms function, the selected range depends on the firmware revision of the model 2010. The firmware revision is displayed during power-up. Example display message for a12 firmware: rev a12 a02 table d-2 summarizes ohms ranges for various firmware revision levels. Table d-2 range selection for...

  • Page 253: Ieee-488 Bus

    E ieee-488 bus overview e ieee-488 bus overview.

  • Page 254: Introduction

    Introduction the ieee-488 bus is a communication system between two or more electronic devices. A device can be either an instrument or a computer. When a computer is used on the bus, it serves as a supervisor of the communication exchange between all the devices and is known as the controller. Supe...

  • Page 255

    There are two categories of controllers: system controller and basic controller. Both are able to control other instruments, but only the system controller has the absolute authority in the system. In a system with more than one controller, only one controller may be active at any given time. Certai...

  • Page 256: Bus Lines

    Address may have any value between 0 and 31, and is generally set by rear panel dip switches or programmed in from the front panel of the instrument. The actual listen address value sent out over the bus is obtained by oring the primary address with $20. For example, if the primary address is $16, t...

  • Page 257: Handshake Lines

    Handshake lines the bus handshake lines operate in an interlocked sequence. This method ensures reliable data transmission regardless of the transfer rate. Generally, data transfer will occur at a rate determined by the slowest active device on the bus. One of the three handshake lines is controlled...

  • Page 258: Bus Commands

    Bus commands the instrument may be given a number of special bus commands through the ieee-488 interface. The following paragraphs briefly describe the purpose of the bus commands which are grouped into the following three categories. 1. Uniline commands — sent by setting the associated bus lines tr...

  • Page 259: Uniline Commands

    Uniline commands atn, ifc and ren are asserted only by the controller. Srq is asserted by an external device. Eoi may be asserted either by the controller or other devices depending on the direction of data transfer. The following is a description of each command. Each command is sent by setting the...

  • Page 260: Addressed Multiline Commands

    Addressed multiline commands addressed commands are multiline commands that must be preceded by the device listen address before that instrument will respond to the command in question. Note that only the addressed device will respond to these commands. Both the commands and the address preceding it...

  • Page 261: Common Commands

    Common commands common commands are commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and defined by the ieee-488.2 standard. Generally, these commands are sent as one or more ascii characters that tell the device to perform a common operation, such as reset. The ieee...

  • Page 262

    E-10 ieee-488 bus overview d 7 d 6 d 5 d 4 x 0 0 0 command x 0 0 1 command x 0 1 0 primary address x 0 1 1 primary address x 1 0 0 primary address x 1 0 1 primary address x 1 1 0 x 1 1 1 bits d 3 ↓ d 2 ↓ d 1 ↓ d 0 ↓ column → row ↓ 0 (a) 0 (b) 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3(b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a) 5 (b...

  • Page 263: Typical Command Sequences

    Typical command sequences for the various multiline commands, a specific bus sequence must take place to properly send the command. In particular, the correct listen address must be sent to the instrument before it will respond to addressed commands. Table e-3 lists a typical bus sequence for sendin...

  • Page 264: Ieee Command Groups

    Ieee command groups command groups supported by the model 2010 are listed in table e-5 . Common commands and scpi commands are not included in this list. Table e-5 ieee command groups handshake command group ndac = not data accepted nrfd = not ready for data dav = data valid universal command group ...

  • Page 265: Interface Function Codes

    Interface function codes the interface function codes, which are part of the ieee-488 standards, define an instrument’s ability to support various interface functions and should not be confused with programming commands found elsewhere in this manual. The interface function codes for the model 2010 ...

  • Page 266

    Pp (parallel poll function) — the instrument does not have parallel polling capabilities (pp0). Dc (device clear function) — dc1 defines the ability of the instrument to be cleared (initialized). Dt (device trigger function) — dti defines the ability of the model 2010 to have readings triggered. C (...

  • Page 267: Ieee-488 and

    F ieee-488 and scpi conformance information f ieee-488 and scpi conform- ance informa- tion.

  • Page 268: Introduction

    Introduction the ieee-488.2 standard requires specific information about how the model 2010 implements the standard. Paragraph 4.9 of the ieee-488.2 standard (std 488.2-1987) lists the documentation requirements. Table f-1 provides a summary of the requirements and provides the information or refere...

  • Page 269

    Table f-2 coupled commands command also changes to :trac:poin :trac:cle :trac:feed:cont :trac:feed:cont nev nev sense subsystem commands: ...:rang:upp ...:ref:acq ...:rang:auto ...:ref off presently displayed reading :rout:clos :rout:open:all :rout:scan:int :rout:scan:lsel :rout:scan:lsel :rout:scan...

  • Page 270

    F-4 ieee-488 and scpi conformance information.

  • Page 271: Index

    Index :abort command 5-73 :average commands 5-47 :azero commands 5-67 :beeper command 5-64 :border command 5-30 :calculate 5-20 :calculate2 5-22 :calculate3 5-24 :clear command 5-67, 5-71 :condition? Command 5-60 :continuity command 5-54 :data command 5-28, 5-38 :data? Command 5-72 :dcircuit command...

  • Page 272

    Calculating dc characteristics accuracy a-8 calibration 3-30 carrying case 1-6 case sensitivity 4-29 changing function and range c-2 command codes e-9 command execution rules 4-32 command path rules 4-32 command words 4-27 commands and command parameters 4-27 common commands 4-34, e-9 condition regi...

  • Page 273

    L limit operations 3-18 line frequency query 5-70 line power connection 2-8 llo (local lockout) 4-13 local key 4-15 long-form and short-form versions 4-29 low level considerations 2-17 low resistance measurements 2-25 low thermal probes 1-5 m manual addenda 1-3 manual ranging 3-2 math 2-32 maximum r...

  • Page 274

    Self-test 3-30 sending and receiving data 4-5 sending a response message 4-33 sending and receiving data 4-5 [sense[1]] subsystem 5-37 serial poll and srq 4-23 service request enable register 4-22 setting limit values 3-18 setting line voltage and replacing fuse 2-9 setting terminator 4-6 shielding ...

  • Page 275: Service Form

    Service form model no. ___________________________ serial no. _____________ date __________ name and telephone no. ________________________________________________________ company ______________________________________________________________________ list all control settings, describe problem and c...

  • Page 278

    Specifications are subject to change without notice. All keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of keithley instruments, inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. Keithley instruments, inc. 28775 aurora road • cleveland, ohio 44139 • 440-...