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Keithley 2015 User Manual

Other manuals for 2015: Service Manual
Manual is about: THD Multimeter

Summary of 2015

  • Page 1

    Www.Keithley.Com model 2016 thd multimeter user’s manual 2016-900-01 rev. C / august 2003 a g r e a t e r m e a s u r e o f c o n f i d e n c e.

  • Page 2

    3 yr warranty 7.5x9.Fm page 2 thursday, september 29, 2005 9:34 am.

  • Page 3

    Model 2016 thd multimeter user’s manual ©1999, keithley instruments, inc. All rights reserved. Cleveland, ohio, u.S.A. Third printing, august 2003 document number: 2016-900-01 rev. C.

  • Page 4: Manual Print History

    Manual print history the print history shown below lists the printing dates of all revisions and addenda created for this manual. The revision level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes sub- sequent updates. Addenda, which are released between revisions, contain important change i...

  • Page 5: Safety Precautions

    Safety precautions 11/07 the following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. Thi...

  • Page 6

    For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. Always remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching c...

  • Page 7: Table of Contents

    Table of contents 1 general information introduction ................................................................................ 1-2 feature overview ........................................................................ 1-2 warranty information ..................................................

  • Page 8: Measurement Options

    Measuring frequency and period .............................................. 2-24 trigger level ...................................................................... 2-24 gate time ........................................................................... 2-24 connections ...........................

  • Page 9: Remote Operation

    Scan operations ........................................................................ 3-21 scanning overview ............................................................ 3-21 front panel scanner controls ............................................. 3-21 stepping and scanning trigger model additi...

  • Page 10: Scpi Command Reference

    Programming syntax ................................................................. 4-27 command words ............................................................... 4-27 query commands ............................................................... 4-29 case sensitivity .............................

  • Page 11

    Output subsystem .................................................................. 5-34 route subsystem ................................................................... 5-36 [sense[1]] subsystem ............................................................. 5-37 :function command ...................

  • Page 12: Specs and Accessories

    Trigger subsystem .................................................................... 5-69 :initiate commands .......................................................... 5-69 :abort command ............................................................. 5-69 :trigger commands ............................

  • Page 13

    Bus commands .......................................................................... D-8 uniline commands ............................................................. D-9 universal multiline commands .......................................... D-9 addressed multiline commands .......................

  • Page 15: List of Illustrations

    List of illustrations 2 basic measurements figure 2-1 model 2016 front panel .......................................................... 2-3 figure 2-2 model 2016 rear panel ........................................................... 2-6 figure 2-3 power module ..........................................

  • Page 16: Scpi Command Reference

    Figure 4-7 operation event status .......................................................... 4-19 figure 4-8 measurement event status .................................................... 4-19 figure 4-9 questionable event status ..................................................... 4-20 figure 4-10 ...

  • Page 17: List of Tables

    List of tables 2 basic measurements table 2-1 fuse ratings ............................................................................ 2-9 table 2-2 factory defaults .................................................................... 2-13 3 measurement options table 3-1 rate settings for the measu...

  • Page 18: Ieee-488 Bus Overview

    D ieee-488 bus overview table d-1 ieee-488 bus command summary ........................................ D-8 table d-2 hexadecimal and decimal command codes ........................ D-11 table d-3 typical addressed command sequence ................................ D-13 table d-4 typical addressed com...

  • Page 19: General

    1 general information general information.

  • Page 20: Introduction

    Introduction this section contains general information about the model 2016 thd multimeter. The information is organized as follows: • feature overview • warranty information • manual addenda • safety symbols and terms • specifications • inspection • options and accessories if you have any questions...

  • Page 21: Warranty Information

    Warranty information warranty information is located at the front of this instruction manual. Should your model 2016 require warranty service, contact the keithley representative or authorized repair facility in your area for further information. When returning the instrument for repair, be sure to ...

  • Page 22: Inspection

    Inspection the model 2016 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit. (note: there may be a protective film over the display lens, whic...

  • Page 23: Low Thermal Probes

    Model 8604 smd probe set: consists of two test leads (0.9m), each terminated with a surface mount device “grabber” clip on one end and a banana plug with a retractable sheath on the other end. Low thermal probes model 8610 low thermal shorting plug: consists of four banana plugs mounted to a 1-inch ...

  • Page 24

    1-6 general information.

  • Page 25: Basic Mea-

    2 basic measurements basic mea- surements.

  • Page 26: Introduction

    Introduction this section summarizes front panel operation of the model 2016. It is organized as follows: • front panel summary — includes an illustration and summarizes keys, display, and connections. • rear panel summary — includes an illustration and summarizes connections. • power-up — describes...

  • Page 27: Front Panel Summary

    Front panel summary the front panel of the model 2016 is shown in figure 2-1 . This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. 1 function keys (shifted and unshifted) select measurement function (dc and ac voltage, dc and ac current, 2-...

  • Page 28

    ) ) ) 3 shifted operation keys delay sets user delay between trigger and measurement. Hold holds reading when the selected number of samples is within the selected tolerance. Limits sets upper and lower limit values for readings. On/off enables/disables limits; selects beeper operation for limit tes...

  • Page 29

    6 input connections input hi and lo used for making dc volts, ac volts, 2-wire resistance measurements. Amps used in conjunction with input lo to make dc current and ac current measurements. Also holds current input fuse (3a, 250v, fast blow, 5 ×20mm). Sense Ω 4 wire used with input hi and lo to mak...

  • Page 30: Rear Panel Summary

    Rear panel summary the rear panel of the model 2016 is shown in figure 2-2 . This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. 120 input 500v peak 350v peak 1000v peak trigger link sense Ω 4w hi lo ! Line rating 50, 60hz 40 va max ! 42v p...

  • Page 31

    1 input connections input hi and lo used for making dc volts, ac volts, 2-wire resistance measurements. Sense Ω 4 wire used with input hi and lo to make 4-wire resistance measurements. Hi and lo 2 trigger link one 8-pin micro-din connector for sending and receiving trigger pulses among other instrum...

  • Page 32: Power-Up

    Power-up line power connection follow the procedure below to connect the model 2016 to line power and turn on the instrument. 1. Check to see that the line voltage selected on the rear panel (see figure 2-3 ) is correct for the operating voltage in your area. If not, refer to the next procedure, “se...

  • Page 33

    Setting line voltage and replacing fuse a rear panel fuse located next to the ac receptacle protects the power line input of the instrument. If the line voltage setting needs to be changed or the line fuse needs to be replaced, perform the following steps. Warning make sure the instrument is disconn...

  • Page 34: Power-Up Sequence

    Power-up sequence on power-up, the model 2016 performs self-tests on its eprom and ram and momentarily lights all segments and annunciators. If a failure is detected, the instrument momentarily displays an error message and the err annunciator turns on. (error messages are listed in appendix b.) not...

  • Page 35

    High energy circuit safety precautions to optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits, read and use the directions in the following warning. Warnings dangerous arcs of an explosive nature in a high energy circuit can cause severe personal injury or death. If the multi...

  • Page 36: Power-On Defaults

    Power-on defaults power-on defaults are the settings the instrument assumes when it is turned on. The model 2016 offers two choices for the settings: factory and user. The power-on default will be the last configuration you saved. The save and setup keys select the two choices of power-on defaults. ...

  • Page 37

    Table 2-2 factory defaults setting factory default autozero buffer continuity beeper digits rate threshold current (ac and dc) digits (ac) digits (dc) filter count mode range relative value rate (ac) rate (dc) diode test digits range rate distortion measurement type frequency number of harmonics uni...

  • Page 38

    Gpib address limits beeper high limit low limit mx+b scale factor offset percent references resistance (2-wire and 4-wire) digits filter count mode range relative value rate rs-232 baud flow tx term scanning source output sine wave frequency sine wave output impedance sine wave amplitude sine wave c...

  • Page 39: Gpib Primary Address

    Gpib primary address the gpib primary address of the instrument must be the same as the primary address you specify in the controller’s programming language. The default primary address of the instrument is 16, but you can set the address to any value from 0 to 30 by using the following step by step...

  • Page 40: Display

    Display the display of the model 2016 is primarily used to display readings, along with the units and type of measurement. Annunciators are located on the top, bottom, right, and left of the reading or message display. The annunciators indicate various states of operation. See figure 2-1 for a compl...

  • Page 41: Crest Factor

    Crest factor ac voltage and current accuracies are affected by the crest factor of the waveform, the ratio of the peak value to the rms value. 500hz is the maximum fundamental frequency at which the corresponding crest factor must be taken into account for accuracy calculations. Low level considerat...

  • Page 42

    Shielding ac voltages that are extremely large compared with the dc signal to be measured may produce an erroneous output. Therefore, to minimize ac interference, the circuit should be shielded with the shield connected to the model 2016 input lo (particularly for low level sources). Improper shield...

  • Page 43

    Ac voltage offset the model 2016, at 5 ½-digits resolution, will typically display 100 counts of offset on ac volts with the input shorted. This offset is caused by the offset of the trms converter. This offset will not affect reading accuracy and should not be zeroed out using the rel feature. The ...

  • Page 44: Measuring Current

    Measuring current the model 2016 can make dci measurements from 10na to 3a and aci measurements from 1µam to 3a rms. Note see the previous discussion about crest factor in “measuring voltage” in this section. Connections assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: 1. Conn...

  • Page 45: Amps Fuse Replacement

    Amps fuse replacement warning make sure the instrument is disconnected from the power line and other equipment before replacing the amps fuse. 1. Turn off the power and disconnect the power line and test leads. 2. From the front panel, gently push in the amps jack with your thumb and rotate the fuse...

  • Page 46: Measuring Resistance

    Measuring resistance the model 2016 can make 2-wire and 4-wire resistance measurements from 100µ Ω to 120m Ω. Connections assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: 1. Connect test leads to the model 2016 as follows: a. For Ω2-wire, connect the test leads to input hi and...

  • Page 47: Shielding

    Shielding to achieve a stable reading, it helps to shield resistances greater than 100k Ω. Place the resistance in a shielded enclosure and connect the shield to the input lo terminal of the instrument electrically. See section 3 — measurement options for information that explains the configuration ...

  • Page 48: Trigger Level

    Measuring frequency and period the model 2016 can make frequency measurements from 3hz to 500khz on voltage ranges of 100mv, 1v, 10v, 100v, and 750v. Period measurements can be taken from 2µs to 333ms on the same voltage ranges as the frequency. The instrument uses the volts input terminals to measu...

  • Page 49: Connections

    Connections assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: 1. Connect test leads to the input hi and lo terminals of the model 2016. Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the inputs button in the appropriate position. 2. Select the freq or period function. 3. Co...

  • Page 50: Measuring Temperature

    Measuring temperature the model 2016 measures temperature with thermocouples. The temperature measurement ranges available depend on the type of thermocouple chosen. Thermocouples can be connected to an external thermocouple card, such as a model 7057a, 7402, or 7014 installed in a model 7001 or 700...

  • Page 51: Configuration

    Configuration the following information explains the various configuration options for temperature measurements. To select and configure the thermocouple measurement: press shift then tcoupl. Three choices are available using the ▲ and ▼ keys: • units — c, k, f (centigrade, kelvin, fahrenheit). This...

  • Page 52: Mx + B

    Mx + b this math operation lets you manipulate normal display readings (x) mathematically according to the following calculation: y= mx + b where: x is the normal display reading m and b are user-entered constants for scale factor and offset y is the displayed result configuration to configure the m...

  • Page 53: Percent

    Percent this item selects the percentage calculation and lets you specify a reference value. The displayed reading will be expressed as a percent deviation from the reference value. The percentage calculation is performed as follows: where: input is the normal display reading. Reference is the user ...

  • Page 54: Dbm Calculation

    Dbm calculation dbm is defined as decibels above or below a 1mw reference. With a user-programmable reference impedance, the model 2016 reads 0dbm when the voltage needed to dissipate 1mw through the reference impedance is applied. The relationship between dbm, a reference impedance, and the voltage...

  • Page 55: Db Calculation

    Db calculation expressing dc or ac voltage in db makes it possible to compress a large range of measurements into a much smaller scope. The relationship between db and voltage is defined by the following equation: where: v in is the dc or ac input signal. V ref is the specified voltage reference lev...

  • Page 56: Measuring Continuity

    Measuring continuity the model 2016 uses the 1k Ω range to measure circuit continuity. After selecting continuity, the unit prompts you for a threshold resistance level (1 Ω-1000Ω). The model 2016 alerts you with a beep when a reading is below the set level. To measure the continuity of a circuit, p...

  • Page 57: Testing Diodes

    Testing diodes with a model 2016, you can measure the forward voltage drop of general-purpose diodes and the zener voltage of zener diodes. To test diodes, press shift then , set the test current range, connect the diode, and take a reading from the display. Note diode test has a non-selectable read...

  • Page 58: Measuring Distortion

    Measuring distortion the model 2016 can make distortion measurements from 0.002% to 100% (-94db to 0db). The 2016 uses a digital signal processor (dsp) to perform a fast fourier transform on the signal applied to the front or rear voltage inputs. It then analyzes the levels of the harmonics present ...

  • Page 59: Configuration

    Configuration these configuration options are presented in the order commonly used to make a distortion measurement. The scpi commands are generic; actual syntax depends on the test programming language used. Factory defaults are assumed. Select the function from the front panel, select the measurem...

  • Page 60

    Set number of highest harmonic this option sets the number (n) of the highest harmonic included in the distortion calculation, where “n” is between 2 and 64 (2 is default). For example, the harmonic with a frequency twice that of the fundamental is the second harmonic (n=2). This function acts as a ...

  • Page 62

    Retrieve magnitude of individual harmonic (remote operation only) the 2016 can return the levels of individual harmonics (relative to the level of the fundamental, in db). The parameters for this command are the starting and ending harmonics. Specify 2,3 for the second and third harmonics, or 2,2 fo...

  • Page 63

    Configuring and using the internal sweep (remote operation only) the model 2016's internal source can be set to sweep up to 200 frequencies and then return the distortion and/or rms volts for each frequency. Sweep results can be returned using the sreal data format (fastest—ieee754 single precision)...

  • Page 64: Connections

    Configuring high and low cutoff filters (remote operation only) the model 2016 includes low and high cutoff filters used to limit the range of frequencies used in distortion measurements. The filters can be set in the range of 20hz to 50khz. Use the low cutoff to limit noise frequencies below the fu...

  • Page 65

    2. Select the measurement function by pressing shift then thd. 3. Pressing auto toggles autoranging. Notice the auto annunciator is displayed with autoranging. If you want manual ranging, use the range ▲ and ▼ keys to select a measurement range consistent with the expected voltage. Note pressing aut...

  • Page 66: Measurement Examples

    Function generator connections figure 2-12 shows typical connections for the function generator. In this example, connections are made to the source output bnc jack using a coax cable. Connections to the inv/pulse source output jack are similar. See “configure the internal function generator” earlie...

  • Page 67

    11. When the display shows “impedance: 50”, select hiz and press enter. (setting is ignored in this example.) 12. When the display shows “ampl:” select 1.0000v and press enter. 13. When the display shows “chan2:” select isine and press enter. The display should read approximately 0.2 %thd. To illust...

  • Page 68

    Measuring ac volts or frequency to measure ac volts or frequency using the model 2016, follow this procedure. Note that the function generator does not work outside the distortion function. 1. Select acv or frequency. Front panel: • press acv or freq. Remote: :sens:func ‘volt:ac’ ;select acv :sens:f...

  • Page 69

    5. Set digital filter for acv. The 2016 has a digital averaging filter to stabilize readings. The repeating filter takes the set number of readings, averages, then updates the display. The moving filter throws out the oldest reading, takes a new reading, then updates the display. The moving filter u...

  • Page 70

    Distortion and rms volts sweep example this is an example of the bus commands which should be sent to the 2016 to configure1 start, and receive the data for a 10-point sweep. This also includes the use of the high and low cutoff filters. *rst ;resets the 2016 to default conditions *cls ;clears the s...

  • Page 71: Measure-

    3 measurement options measure- ment options.

  • Page 72: Introduction

    Introduction this section describes the front panel features of the model 2016. For those measurement options accessible only by a remote interface, refer to sections 4 and 5. This section is organized as follows: • measurement configuration — describes ranging, filtering, relative readings, digits ...

  • Page 73: Filter

    Autoranging to enable autoranging, press the auto key. The auto annunciator turns on when autoranging is selected. While autoranging is selected, the instrument automatically chooses the best range to measure the applied signal. Autoranging should not be used when optimum speed is required. Note tha...

  • Page 74

    Filter types the moving average filter ( figure 3-1 ) uses a first-in, first-out stack. When the stack becomes full, the measurement conversions are averaged, yielding a reading. For each subsequent con- version placed into the stack, the oldest conversion is discarded, and the stack is re-averaged,...

  • Page 75: Relative

    Relative the rel (relative) function can be used to null offsets or subtract a baseline reading from present and future readings. When rel is enabled, the instrument uses the present reading as a relative value. Subsequent readings will be the difference between the actual input value and the rel va...

  • Page 76: Rate

    Rate the rate operation sets the integration time of the a/d converter, the period of time the input signal is measured (also known as aperture). The integration time affects the usable digits, the amount of reading noise, as well as the ultimate reading rate of the instrument. The integration time ...

  • Page 77

    Bandwidth the rate setting for ac voltage and current measurements determines the bandwidth setting: • slow — 3hz to 300khz. • medium — 30hz to 300khz. • fast — 300hz to 300khz. Bandwidth is used to specify the lowest frequency of interest. When the slow bandwidth (3hz to 300khz) is chosen, the sign...

  • Page 78: Trigger Operations

    Trigger operations the following paragraphs discuss front panel triggering, the programmable trigger delay, the reading hold feature, and external triggering. Trigger model the flowchart of figure 3-2 summarizes triggering as viewed from the front panel. It is called a trigger model because it is mo...

  • Page 79

    Delay a programmable delay is available after event detection. It can be set manually or an auto delay can be used. With auto delay, the model 2016 selects a delay based on the function and range. The auto settings are listed in table 3-2 . The delay function is accessed by pressing the shift-delay ...

  • Page 80

    Device actions the primary device action is a measurement. However, the device action block could include the following additional actions: • source and delay (while in list mode) — if mode is set to list (rather than fixed), readings will be taken for each listed amplitude and frequency pair, up to...

  • Page 81: Reading Hold (Autosettle)

    Reading hold (autosettle) when a hold reading is acquired as described in “device actions”, an audible beep is sounded (if enabled) and the reading is considered a “true measurement”. The reading is held on the display until an “out of window” reading occurs to restart the hold process. When operati...

  • Page 82

    External trigger the ext trig input requires a falling-edge, ttl-compatible pulse with the specifications shown in figure 3-4 . In general, external triggers can be used to control measure operations. For the model 2016 to respond to external triggers, the trigger model must be configured for it. Vo...

  • Page 83

    The trigger link connections for this test system are shown in figure 3-7 . Trigger link of the model 2016 is connected to trigger link (either in or out) of the model 7001/7002. Note that with the default trigger settings on the model 7001/7002, line #1 is an input and line #2 is an output. This co...

  • Page 84

    Press step on the model 7001/7002 to take it out of idle and start the scan. The scanner’s output pulse triggers the model 2016 to take a reading, store it, and send a trigger pulse. The following explanation on operation is referenced to the operation model shown in figure 3-8 . Idle bypass b wait ...

  • Page 85

    Pressing ext trig then step or scan on the multimeter places it at point a in the flowchart, where it is waiting for an external trigger. Pressing step takes the model 7001/7002 out of the idle state and places operation at point b in the flowchart. For the first pass through the model, the scanner ...

  • Page 86: Buffer Operations

    External triggering with bnc connections an adapter cable is available to connect the micro-din trigger link of the model 2016 to instruments with bnc trigger connections. The model 8503 din to bnc trigger cable has a micro-din connector at one end and two bnc connectors at the other end. The bnc ca...

  • Page 87: Storing Readings

    Storing readings use the following procedure to store readings: 1. Set up the instrument for the desired configuration. 2. Press the store key. 3. Using the , , ▲, and ▼ keys, select the number of readings desired. 4. Press enter. The asterisk (*) annunciator turns on to indicate a data storage oper...

  • Page 88: Buffer Statistics

    Buffer statistics the max at and min at values are the maximum and minimum values in the buffer. The average value is the mean of the buffered readings. The equation used to calculate the mean is: where: xi is a stored reading n is the number of stored readings the std dev value is the standard devi...

  • Page 89: Setting Limit Values

    Setting limit values use the following steps to enter high and low limit values: 1. Press the shift-limits keys to view the present hi1 limit value: hi1:+1.000000 ^ this value represents the absolute value of that function. 2. Use the or keys to move to the number field. Use the , , ▲, and ▼ keys to...

  • Page 90: Enabling Limits

    Enabling limits use the following procedure to turn on the limits operation: 1. Press the shift-on/off keys to view the present beeper status: beep: never 2. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to change the beeper status (never, outside, inside). Press enter when done. When the multimeter returns to the normal di...

  • Page 91: Scan Operations

    Scan operations the model 2016 can be used with external scanner card installed in switching mainframes such as the models 707, 7001, and 7002. The following paragraphs discuss various aspects of using scanning with the model 2016. Scanning overview a scanner lets you switch among a number of input ...

  • Page 92

    These additional blocks are shown in the trigger models of figure 3-12 and figure 3-13 . Uses of the timer control source, reading counter, and channel counter are shown in the scanning examples later in this section. Idle control source immediate external timer event detection delay device action o...

  • Page 93

    Using shift-config to configure stepping and scanning from the shift-config key combination, the minimum and maximum channels in the scan list, the time between scans, and the reading count. 1. To configure stepping or scanning, perform the following: 2. Select the desired measurement function. 3. P...

  • Page 94: Scanning Examples

    Scanning examples the following example demonstrates the use of external scanning. External scanning the example of figure 3-14 shows the front panel operations to configure an external scan. The trigger and signal connections were shown previously in “trigger operations”. Both instrument setups ass...

  • Page 95

    Model 7001 (from “reset setup”) model 2016 (from “factory setup”) step or scan 1 2 4 ext trig 7 recall (10 readings) , , ▲ , ▼ exit ▲ ▲ 3 shift-config type:ext min chan: 001 max chan: 010 timer? Off rdg cnt: 0010 enter 6 step configure scan chan-control channel-spacing triglink asynchronous chan-cou...

  • Page 96: System Operations

    System operations the model 2016 has other front panel operations. Saving and restoring setup information is described in section 2 — basic measurements. Selecting the remote interface and language is covered in section 4 — remote operation. Calibration the cal selections are used to view the calibr...

  • Page 97: Remote

    4 remote operation 4 remote operation.

  • Page 98: Introduction

    Introduction this section includes the following information: • selecting an interface • rs-232 operation • gpib bus operation and reference • status structure • trigger model (gpib operation) • programming syntax • common commands selecting an interface the model 2016 thd multimeter supports two bu...

  • Page 99: Rs-232

    Rs-232 you can connect a controller to the rs-232 interface. Some considerations for selecting the rs-232 interface are the following: • you must define the baud rate, enable or disable software handshake xon/xof. • you can only use the scpi programming language with the rs-232 interface. To select ...

  • Page 100: Rs-232 Operation

    Rs-232 operation sending and receiving data the rs-232 interface transfers data using 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. Make sure the controller you connect to the multimeter also uses these settings. You can break data transmissions by sending a ^c or ^x character string to the multimeter. Th...

  • Page 101: Setting Terminator

    Selecting signal handshaking (flow control) signal handshaking between the controller and the instrument allows the two devices to communicate to each other regarding being ready or not ready to receive data. The model 2016 does not support hardware handshaking (flow control). Software flow control ...

  • Page 102: Rs-232 Connections

    Rs-232 connections the rs-232 serial port can be connected to the serial port of a controller (i.E., personal computer) using a straight through rs-232 cable terminated with db-9 connectors. Do not use a null modem cable. The serial port uses the transmit (txd), receive (rxd) and signal ground (gnd)...

  • Page 103: Introduction

    Gpib bus operation and reference introduction this section contains information about connecting to and using the gpib (ieee-488) bus. The information is organized as follows: • gpib bus standards • gpib bus connections • selecting the primary address • quickbasic 4.5 programming • general bus comma...

  • Page 104: Gpib Bus Connections

    Gpib bus connections to connect the model 2016 thd multimeter to the gpib bus, use a cable equipped with standard ieee-488 connectors as shown in figure 4-2 . To allow many parallel connections to one instrument, stack the connector. Two screws are located on each connector to ensure that connection...

  • Page 105

    To connect the model 2016 thd multimeter to the ieee-488 bus, follow these steps: 1. Line up the cable connector with the connector located on the rear panel. The connector is designed so that it will fit only one way. Figure 4-4 shows the location of the ieee-488 connector. 2. Tighten the screws se...

  • Page 106: Quickbasic 4.5 Programming

    Selecting the primary address the model 2016 thd multimeter ships from the factory with a gpib address of 16. When the multimeter powers up, it momentarily displays the primary address. You can set the address to a value of 0-30. Do not assign the same address to another device or to a controller th...

  • Page 107

    A typical program fragment includes an output command and an enter command. The output command sends a program message (command string) to the model 2016 thd multimeter. If the program message includes a query command, then the enter command is required to get the response message from the model 201...

  • Page 108: General Bus Commands

    General bus commands general bus commands and associated statements general commands are those commands, such as dcl, that have the same general meaning regardless of the instrument. Table 4-2 lists the general bus commands along with the program- ming statement for each command, which use the keith...

  • Page 109

    Ifc (interface clear) the ifc command is sent by the controller to place the model 2016 thd multimeter in the local, talker, listener idle states. The unit responds to the ifc command by canceling front panel talk or lstn lights if the instrument was previously placed in one of those states. Note th...

  • Page 110

    When the model 2016 thd multimeter receives a dcl command, it clears the input buffer and output queue, cancels deferred commands, and clears any command that prevents the processing of any other device command. A dcl does not affect instrument settings and stored data. Program fragment print #1, "c...

  • Page 111: Front Panel Gpib Operation

    Front panel gpib operation this section describes aspects of the front panel that are part of gpib operation, including messages, status indicators, and the local key. Error and status messages see section 2 for a list of error and status messages associated with ieee-488 programming. The instrument...

  • Page 112: Status Structure

    Status structure see figure 4-5 for the model 2016 thd multimeters status structure. Instrument events, such as errors, are monitored and manipulated by four status register sets. Notice that these status register sets feed directly into the status byte register. More detailed illustrations of these...

  • Page 113: Condition Registers

    Condition registers as figure 4-5 shows, all status register sets have a condition register. A condition register is a real-time, read-only register that constantly updates to reflect the current operating conditions of the instrument. For example, while a measurement is being performed, bit b4 (mea...

  • Page 114

    An enable register is not cleared when it is read. The following operations affect the enable registers: • cycling power - clears all enable registers • :status:preset clears the following enable registers: operation event enable register questionable event enable register measurement event enable r...

  • Page 115

    Or idle = idle state of the 2000 trig = triggering meas = measuring swd = sweep done & = logical and or = logical or (b15 - b11) idle (b10) (b9) (b8) (b7) (b6) trig (b5) meas (b4) (b3) (b2) (b1) (b0) operation event register (b15 - b11) idle (b10) (b9) (b8) (b7) (b6) trig (b5) meas (b4) (b3) (b2) (b...

  • Page 116: Queues

    Queues the model 2016 uses two queues, which are first-in, first-out (fifo) registers: • output queue - used to hold reading and response messages • error queue - used to hold error and status messages the model 2016 thd multimeter status model ( figure 4-5 ) shows how the two queues are structured ...

  • Page 117

    Error queue the error queue holds error and status messages. When an error or status event occurs, a message that defines the error/status is placed n the error queue. This queue will hold up to 10 messages. When a message is placed in the error queue, the error available (eav) bit in the status byt...

  • Page 118

    Status byte register the summary messages from the status registers and queues are used to set or clear the appropriate bits (b0, b2, b3, b4, b5, and b7) of the status byte register. These bits do not latch, and their states (0 or 1) are solely dependent on the summary messages (0 or 1). For example...

  • Page 119

    To read the service request enable register, use the *sre? Query command. The service request enable register clears when power is cycled or a parameter (n) value of zero is sent with the *sre command *sre 0. Serial poll and srq any enabled event summary bit that goes from 0 to 1 will set rqs and ge...

  • Page 120

    Trigger model (gpib operation) this section describes how the model 2016 thd multimeter operates over the gpib bus. The flowchart in figure 4-11 summarizes operation over the bus and is called the trigger model. It is called the trigger model because operation is controlled by scpi commands from the...

  • Page 121: Idle and Initiate

    Idle and initiate the instrument is considered to be in the idle state whenever it is not operating. While in the idle state, the instrument cannot perform any measure or scan functions. You can send two commands over the bus to remove the instrument from the idle state: • :initiate • :initiate:cont...

  • Page 122

    Device action — figure 4-12 provides a detailed look at the device action. If the repeat filter is enabled, then the instrument samples the specified number of reading conversions to yield a single filtered reading. If the moving filter is active, or filter is disabled, then only one reading convers...

  • Page 123: Programming Syntax

    Programming syntax the information in this section covers syntax for both common commands and scpi commands. For information not covered here, see the ieee-488.2 and scpi standards. Command words program messages are made up of one or more command words. Commands and command parameters common comman...

  • Page 124

    • parameter types: the following are some of the more common parameter types: boolean: used to enable or disable an instrument operation. 0 or off disables the operation, and 1 or on enables the operation. Example: :current:ac:range:auto on enable auto ranging name parameter: select a parameter name...

  • Page 125: Query Commands

    Query commands this type of command requests (queries) the currently programmed status. It is identified by the question mark (?) at the end of the fundamental form of the command. Most commands have a query form. Example: :trigger:timer? Queries the timer interval. Most commands that require a nume...

  • Page 126: Short-Form Rules

    Short-form rules use the following rules to determine the short-form version of any scpi command: • if the length of the command word is four letters or less, no short form version exists. Example: :auto = :auto • these rules apply to command words that exceed four letters: • if the fourth letter of...

  • Page 127

    Single command messages the above command structure has three levels. The first level is made up of the root command (:status) and serves as a path. The second level is made up of another path (:operation) and a command (:preset). The third path is made up of one command for the :operation path. The...

  • Page 128

    Command path rules • each new program message must begin with the root command, unless it is optional (e.G., [:sense]). If the root is optional, simply treat a command word on the next level as the root. • the colon (:) at the beginning of a program message is optional and need not be used. Example:...

  • Page 129: Response Messages

    Response messages a response message is the message sent by the instrument to the computer in response to a query command program message. Sending a response message after sending a query command, the response message is placed in the output queue. When the model 2016 thd multimeter is then addresse...

  • Page 130: Common Commands

    Common commands common commands (summarized in table 4-3 ) are device commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and defined by the ieee-488.2 standard. Table 4-3 ieee-488.2 common commands and queries mnemonic name description *cls *ese *ese? *esr? *idn? *opc ...

  • Page 131: *cls — Clear Status

    *cls — clear status clear status registers and error queue description use the *cls command to clear (reset to 0) the bits of the following registers in the model 2016: • standard event register • operation even register • error queue • measurement event register • questionable event register this c...

  • Page 132

    The standard event enable register is shown in figure 4-13 and includes the decimal weight of each bit. The sum of the decimal weights of the bits that you wish to be set is the parameter value that is sent with the *ese command. For example, to set the cme and qye bits of the standard event enable ...

  • Page 133

    A set bit in this register indicates that a particular event has occurred. For example, for an acquired decimal value of 48, the binary equivalent is 00110000. From this binary value, bits b4 and b5 of the standard event status register are set. These bits indicate that a device-dependent error and ...

  • Page 134

    *idn? — identification query read the identification code description the identification code includes the manufacturer, model number, serial number, and firmware revision levels, and is sent in the following format: keithley instruments inc., model 2016, xxxxxxx, yyyyy/zzzzz where: xxxxxxx is the s...

  • Page 135

    Program fragment gosub read register 'clear register by reading it print #1, "output 16; :init 'place 2016 in idle :cont off; :abort" print #1, "output 16; :init;*opc" 'start measurements and send *opc sleep 2 'wait two seconds gosub readregister 'read register to show that opc is not set print #1, ...

  • Page 136

    *opc? — operation complete query place a “1” in the output queue after all pending operations are completed description on power-up or when the *cls or *rst is executed, the model 2016 goes into the operation complete command query idle state (oqis). In this state, no pending overlapped commands exi...

  • Page 137: *rcl — Recall

    Program fragment print #1, "output 16; :syst:pres" 'select defaults print #1, "output 16; :init:cont off;:abort" 'place 2016 in idle print #1, "output 16; :trig:coun 1; sour tim" print #1, "output 16; :samp:coun 5" 'program for 5 measurements and stop (idle) print #1, "output 16; :init; *opc?" 'star...

  • Page 138: *rst — Reset

    *rst — reset return 2016 to *rst defaults description when the *rst command is sent, the model 2016 performs the following operations: 1. Returns the model 2016 to the *rst default conditions (see scpi tables). 2. Cancels all pending commands. 3. Cancels response to any previously received *opc and ...

  • Page 139

    This enable register is used along with the status byte register to generate service requests (srq). With a bit in the service request enable register set, an srq occurs when the corresponding bit in the status byte register is set by an appropriate event. For more information on register structure,...

  • Page 140

    *stb? — status byte query read status byte register description use the *stb? Query command to acquire the value (in decimal) of the status byte register. The status byte register is shown in figure 4-16 . The binary equivalent of the decimal value determines which bits in the register are set. All ...

  • Page 141: *trg — Trigger

    *trg — trigger send bus trigger to 2016 description use the *trg command to issue a gpib trigger to the model 2016. It has the same effect as a group execute trigger (get). Use the *trg command as an event to control operation. The model 2016 reacts to this trigger if bus is the programmed control s...

  • Page 142: *wai — Wait-to-Continue

    *wai — wait-to-continue prevent execution of commands until previous commands are completed description two types of device commands exist: • sequential commands - a command whose operations are allowed to finish before the next command is executed. • overlapped commands - a command that allows the ...

  • Page 143: Scpi Com-

    5 scpi command reference 5 scpi com- mand refer- ence.

  • Page 144: Configure Command

    This section contains reference information on programming the model 2016 with the scpi commands. It is organized as follows: scpi signal oriented measurement commands — covers the signal oriented measurement commands. These commands are used to acquire readings. Scpi command subsystem reference tab...

  • Page 145

    Query :configure? Query the selected function. Description this command configures the instrument for subsequent measurements on the specified function. Basically, this command places the instrument in a “one-shot” measurement mode. You then use the :read? Command to trigger a measurement and acquir...

  • Page 146: Fetch? Command

    Fetch? Command :fetch? Description this query command requests the latest post-processed reading. After sending this command and addressing the model 2016 to talk, the reading is sent to the computer. This command does not affect the instrument setup. This command does not trigger a measurement. The...

  • Page 147: Read? Command

    Read? Command :read? Description typically, this command is used with the instrument in the “one-shot” measurement mode to trigger and acquire a specified number of readings. The :sample:count command is used to specify the number of readings (see trigger subsystem). Note that the readings are store...

  • Page 148: Measure Command

    Measure command :measure[:]? = current:ac ac current current[:dc] dc current voltage:ac ac voltage voltage[:dc] dc voltage resistance 2-wire resistance fresistance 4-wire resistance period period frequency frequency temperature temperature diode diode testing continuity continuity test distortion di...

  • Page 149

    Scpi command subsystems reference tables table 5-2 through table 5-11 summarize the commands for each scpi subsystem. The following list includes the scpi subsystem commands and the table number where each command is summarized. Calculate command summary ( table 5-2 ) display command summary ( table...

  • Page 150

    Table 5-2 calculate command summary command description default parameter scpi :calculate[1] :format :format? :kmath :mmfactor :mmfactor? :mbfactor :mbfactor? :munits :munits? :percent :acquire :percent? :state :state? :data? :calculate2 :format :format? :state :state? :immediate :immediate? :data? ...

  • Page 151

    :limit 2 :upper [:data] [:data]? :lower [data] [data]? :state :state? :fail? :clear [:immediate] :auto :auto? :immediate path to control limit 2 test: path to configure upper limit: set upper limit (-100e6 to 100e6). Query upper limit. Path to configure lower limit: set lower limit (-100e6 to 100e6)...

  • Page 152

    Table 5-4 format command summary command description default parameter scpi :format [:data] [,] [:data]? :elements list> :elements? :border :border? Select data format: (ascii, sreal or dreal). Query data format. Specify data elements: (reading, channel, and units). Query data elements. Select binar...

  • Page 153

    Table 5-6 route command summary command description default parameter scpi :route :scan :external :external? :lselect :lselect? Commands to control scanner card: path to scan channels. Specify external scan list (2 to 800 channels). Query external scan list. Select scan operation (external or none)....

  • Page 154

    :current:ac :nplcycles :nplcycles? :range [:upper] [:upper]? :auto :auto? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? :detector :bandwidth :bandwidth? Path to configure ac current. Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01...

  • Page 155

    :voltage:ac :nplcycles :nplcycles? :range [:upper] [:upper]? :auto :auto? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? :detector :bandwidth :bandwidth? Path to configure ac voltage. Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01...

  • Page 156

    :resistance :nplcycles :nplcycles? :range [:upper] [:upper]? :auto :auto? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? Path to configure resistance: set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). Query line cycle integra...

  • Page 157

    :temperature :nplcycles :nplcycles? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? :tcouple :type :type? :rjunction :simulated :simulated? Path to configure temperature: set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). Query...

  • Page 158

    :period :aperture :aperture? :threshold :voltage :range :range? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? Path to configure period. Sets aperture for period measurements (0.01 to 1.0s) query frequency period aperture path to select the threshold voltage range: select threshold ...

  • Page 159

    :distortion :frequency path to configure frequency used for distortion. :frequency? Query frequency being used for distortion. [:set] set the frequency (20 to 20000). 60hz [:set]? Query the frequency. :auto on = acquire frequency before reading; off = use last frequency acquired or output frequency....

  • Page 160

    Notes: 1. Commands in this subsystem are not affected by *rst and :system:preset. The effects of cycling power, *cls and :status:preset are explained by the following notes. 2. Event registers: power-up and *cls – clears all bits of the registers :status:preset – no effect. 3. Enable registers: powe...

  • Page 161

    Table 5-9 system command summary command description default parameter scpi :system :preset :posetup :posetup? :frswitch? :version? :error? :azero :state :state? :key :key? :clear :beeper [:state] [:state]? :local :remote :rwlock :kclick :kclick? :lfrequency? Return to :syst:pres defaults. Select po...

  • Page 162

    Notes: 1. Defaults for continuous initiation: :system:preset enables continuous initiation *rst disables continuous initiation 2. Defaults for count: :system:preset sets the count to inf (infinite). *rst sets the count to 1. Table 5-11 trigger command summary command description default parameter sc...

  • Page 163

    Table 5-12 unit command summary command description default parameter scpi :unit :temperature :temperature? :voltage :ac :db :reference :reference? :dbm :impedance :impedance? :ac? [:dc] :db :reference :reference? :dbm :impedance :impedance? :dc? :distortion :distortion? Select temperature measureme...

  • Page 164: Calculate Subsystem

    Calculate subsystem the commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control the calculate subsystems and are summarized in table 5-2 . :calculate[1] these commands are used to configure and control the mxb (polynomial) and percent math calculations. Detailed information on math calculations...

  • Page 165

    :munits :calculate [1]:kmath:munits specify units for mx+b parameter = 3 characters using ‘a’ through ‘z’ query :munits? Query units for mx+b description this command is used to specify the units data element for the mx+b calculation. Use any three letters from ‘a’ through ‘z’. :percent :calculate [...

  • Page 166: :calculate2

    :calculate2 these commands are used to configure and control the calc2 operations on readings stored in the buffer. :format calculate2:format specify calc2 format parameters = none no calculations mean mean value of readings in buffer sdeviation standard deviation of readings in buffer maximum large...

  • Page 167

    :immediate :calculate2:immediate perform calc2 query :immediate? Perform calculation and read result (equivalent to :calculate2:immediate; data?) description the :immediate command is used to perform the selected calc2 operation on the readings in the buffer (assuming calc2 is enabled; see :state). ...

  • Page 168: :calculate3

    :calculate3 these commands are used to configure and control the calc3 limit test. [:data] :calculate3:limit[1]:upper[:data] specify upper limit1 :calculate3:limit[1]:lower[:data] specify lower limit1 :calculate3:limit2:upper[:data] specify upper limit2 :calculate3:limit2:lower[:data] specify lower ...

  • Page 169

    :fail? :calculate3:limit[1]:fail? Read limit1 test result :calculate3:limit2:fail? Read limit2 test result description this command is used to read the results of the limit1 or limit2 test: 0 = limit test passed 1= limit test failed the response message (0 or 1) only tells you if a limit test has pa...

  • Page 170: Display Subsystem

    :immediate :calculate3:immediate perform calc3 description when the configuration of the limit test is changed, the next reading is evaluated according to the new test configuration. If the instrument is not in a continuous measurement mode (e.G., waiting for a manual trigger), the test will not be ...

  • Page 171

    :text commands :data :display[:window[1]]:text:data define message for display. Parameter = ascii characters for message (maximum of 12 characters). The characters must be enclosed in either double quotes (“ ”) or single quotes (‘ ’). Query :data? Query the defined text message. Description these co...

  • Page 172: Format Subsystem

    Format subsystem the commands in this subsystem are used to select the data format for transferring instrument readings over the bus, or measured harmonic queries. The border command and data command only affect readings transferred from the buffer. (i. E. Sense:data? Or calc:data? Are always sent i...

  • Page 173

    Sreal will select the binary ieee754 single precision data format. Figure 5-2 shows the normal byte order format for each data element. For example, if three valid elements are specified, the data string for each reading conversion is made up of three 32-bit data blocks. Note that the entire data st...

  • Page 174: :border Command

    Dreal selects the binary ieee-754 double precision data format and is shown in figure 5-3 (normal byte order shown). This format is similar to the single precision format except that it is 64 bits long. :border command :border :format:border specify binary byte order parameters = normal normal byte ...

  • Page 175: :elements Command

    :elements command :elements :format:elements parameters : reading includes reading in data string channel includes channel number units includes units note: each item in the list must be separated by a comma (,). Query :elements? Query elements in data string description this command is used to spec...

  • Page 176: Output Subsystem

    Output subsystem this subsystem is used to control the function generator outputs. These commands are summarized in table 5-5 . :output[:state] set the state of the output of the function generator parameters = 1 or on enables the generator 0 of off disables the generator query :output? Query state ...

  • Page 177

    :output:list parameter amplitude list point (50 maximum). Freq#1-nrf> frequency list point (50 maximum). Query :list? Query sweep points. Description sets the sweep list points. This command restarts the list from point #1 when sent. If you want to sweep more than 50 points you must use the outp:lis...

  • Page 178: Route Subsystem

    Output:mode parameters fixed one fixed output list list of sweep values query :mode? Query the output mode. Description sets the output mode to source one fixed output or a list of sweep points. List mode turns init:cont off. Fixed mode sets samp:coun 1 and turns init:cont on. Pressing the local key...

  • Page 179: [Sense[1]] Subsystem

    [sense[1]] subsystem the sense 1 subsystem is used to configure and control the measurement functions of the model 2016. A function does not have to be selected before you program its various configurations. A function can be selected any time after it has been programmed. Whenever a programmed func...

  • Page 180: :data Command

    :data command :data? [:sense[1]]:data? Return reading description this query command is used to read the latest instrument reading. This command returns the “raw” reading or a reading that is the result of the reference (rel from the front panel) operation. For example, if a reference value of 1.0 i...

  • Page 181: Speed Commands

    :state [:sense[1]]:hold:state control (on/off) hold parameters = 0 or off disable hold 1 or on enable hold query :state? Query state of hold. Description this command is used to enable or disable hold. See “hold” in section 3 and “trigger model, device action” in this section for details on hold. Sp...

  • Page 182: :range Commands

    :aperture [:sense[1]]:frequency:aperture set aperture for frequency [:sense[1]]:period:aperture set aperture for period parameters = 0.01s to 1.0s default 1.0s minimum 0.01s maximum 1.0s query :aperture? Query programmed aperture value description the integration period (measurement speed) for frequ...

  • Page 183

    :auto [:sense[1]]:current:ac:range:auto control auto range for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:range:auto control auto range for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:range:auto control auto range for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:range:auto control auto range for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:range:auto control auto...

  • Page 184: :reference   Commands

    :reference commands :reference [:sense[1]]:current:ac:reference specify reference for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:reference specify reference for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:reference specify reference for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:reference specify reference for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:refere...

  • Page 185

    :state [:sense[1]]:current:ac:reference:state control reference for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:reference:state control reference for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:reference:state control reference for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:reference:state control reference for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:refere...

  • Page 186: :digits Command

    :digits command :digits [:sense[1]]:current:ac:digits specify resolution for aci [:sense[1]]:current:dc:digits specify resolution for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:digits specify resolution for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage:dc:digits specify resolution for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:digits specify resolution...

  • Page 187: :average Commands

    :average commands the :average commands are used to configure and control the filter. The filter is explained in section 3. :state [:sense[1]]:current:ac:average:state control filter for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:average:state control filter for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:average:state control fi...

  • Page 188

    :count [:sense[1]]:current:ac:average:count specify filter count for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:average:count specify filter for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:average:count specify filter count for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:average:count specify filter count for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:average:...

  • Page 189: Bandwidth Command

    Bandwidth command :bandwidth [:sense[1]]:current:ac:detector:bandwidth specify maximum bandwidth for aci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:detector:bandwidth specify maximum bandwidth for acv parameters = 3 to 300e3 specify bandwidth (in hz) query bandwidth? Query selected bandwidth description the model 2016 ...

  • Page 190: Thermocouple Commands

    Thermocouple commands :type [:sense[1]]:temperature:tcouple:type specify tc type parameters = j set operation for type j thermocouples k set operation for type k thermocouples t set operation for type t thermocouples query :type? Query thermocouple type description this command is used to configure ...

  • Page 191: :diode Command

    :diode command :range[:upper] [:sense[1]]:diode:current:range[:upper] select current range for diode test parameters = 0 to 1e-3 specify diode test current query [upper]? Query selected range description there are three current ranges available for the diode test: 10µa range, 100µa range, and the 1m...

  • Page 192

    :frequency[:set] [:sense[1]]:distortion:frequency[:set] set measurement range for distortion parameters = 20 to 20000 input signal frequency for distortion query :frequency? Query programmed frequency description the model 2016 must know the frequency of the fundamental of the input waveform whose d...

  • Page 193

    :harmonic[:upper] [:sense[1]]:distortion:harmonic[:upper] set last harmonic included in measurement parameters = 2 to 64 set last harmonic query :harmonic? Query last harmonic description this command controls the number of harmonics included in the distortion calculation. The number of harmonics ac...

  • Page 194

    Bandpass filter commands [:sense[1]]:distortion:lco sets the low cutoff frequency. [:sense[1]]:distortion:hco sets the high cutoff frequency. Parameter = cutoff frequency (20 to 50000) query :lco? Query the low cutoff frequency. :hco? Query the high cutoff frequency. Description this command sets th...

  • Page 195: Status Subsystem

    :harmonic:magnitude? [:sense[1]]:distortion:harmonic:magnitude? Query magnitude of measured harmonics parameters =2 to 64 specify starting and ending harmonic description this command queries the magnitude of the measured harmonics of the last date acquired without triggering a new reading. Both par...

  • Page 196: [:event]? Command

    [:event]? Command [:event]? :status:measurement[:event]? Read measurement event register :status:operation[:event]? Read operation event register :status:questionable[:event]? Read questionable event register description these query commands are used to read the event registers. After sending one of...

  • Page 197

    Scpi command reference 5-55 questionable event register: bits b0 through b3 — not used. Bit b4, temperature summary (temp) — set bit indicates that an invalid reference junction measurement has occurred for thermocouple temperature measurements. Bits b5, b6 and b7 — not used. Bit b8, calibration sum...

  • Page 198: :enable Command

    5-56 scpi command reference operation event register: bits b0 through b3 — not used. Bit b4, measuring (meas) — set bit indicates that the instrument is performing a measurement. Bit b5, triggering (trig) — set bit indicates that the instrument is in the device action block of the trigger model. Bit...

  • Page 199

    Scpi command reference 5-57 each event enable register is used as a mask for events (see [:event] for descriptions of events). When a bit in an event enable register is cleared (0), the corresponding bit in the event register is masked and thus, cannot set the corresponding summary bit of the next r...

  • Page 200: :condition? Command

    5-58 scpi command reference :condition? Command :condition? :status:measurement:condition? Read measurement condition register :status:questionable:condition? Read questionable condition register :status:operation:condition? Read operation condition register description these query commands are used...

  • Page 201: :preset Command

    Scpi command reference 5-59 :preset command :preset :status:preset return registers to default conditions description when this command is sent, the scpi event registers are affected as follows: all bits of the following registers are cleared to zero (0): • questionable event enable register. • meas...

  • Page 202

    5-60 scpi command reference :enable :status:queue:enable enable messages for error queue parameter = (numlist) where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to enable for the error queue. Query :enable? Query list of enabled messages description on power-up, all error messages are enab...

  • Page 203: System Subsystem

    Scpi command reference 5-61 system subsystem the system subsystem contains miscellaneous commands that are summarized in table 5-9 . :beeper command [:state] :beeper:[state] enable or disable beeper parameters = 1 or on enable beeper 0 or off disable beeper query [:state]? Query state of beeper desc...

  • Page 204: :posetup   Command

    5-62 scpi command reference :posetup command :posetup :system:posetup program power-on defaults parameters = rst select *rst defaults on power up preset select :system:preset defaults on power up sav0 select saved defaults on power up query :posetup? Query power-on setup description this command is ...

  • Page 205: :error? Command

    Scpi command reference 5-63 :error? Command :error? :system:error? Read error queue description as error and status messages occur, they are placed into the error queue. This query command is used to read those messages. The error queue is a first-in, first-out (fifo) register that can hold up to 10...

  • Page 206: :clear Command

    5-64 scpi command reference :clear command :clear :system:clear clear error queue description this action command is used to clear the error queue of messages. :key command :system:key simulate key-press parameters = 1 shift key = 17 local key 2 dcv key 18 ex trig key 3 acv key 19 trig key 4 dci key...

  • Page 207

    Scpi command reference 5-65 2016 thd multimeter range ! F 500v peak front/rear 3a 250v amps hi input lo sense Ω 4 wire inputs 350v peak 1000v peak auto shift local power range r shift ch1 rem talk lstn srq stat rel filt 4w buffer math rear scan timer step ch2 ch3 ch4 ch5 ch6 ch7 ch8 ch9 ch10 hold tr...

  • Page 208: Rs-232 Interface Commands

    5-66 scpi command reference rs-232 interface commands :local :system:local take 2016 out of remote description normally, the model 2016 is in local during rs-232 communications. In this state, front panel keys are operational. However, the user may wish to lock out front keys during rs-232 communica...

  • Page 210: :feed Command

    5-68 scpi command reference :feed command :feed :trace:feed specify readings source parameters = sense[1] put raw readings in buffer calculate[1] put calculated readings in buffer none put no readings in buffer query :feed? Query buffer feed description this command is used to select the source of r...

  • Page 211: Trigger Subsystem

    Scpi command reference 5-69 trigger subsystem the trigger subsystem is made up of a series of commands and subsystems to configure the trigger model. These commands and subsystems are summarized in table 5-11 . :initiate commands [:immediate] :initiate[:immediate] take 2016 out of idle state descrip...

  • Page 212: :trigger Commands

    5-70 scpi command reference :trigger commands :count :trigger[:sequence[1]]:count set measure count parameters = 1 to 9999 specify count inf sets count to infinite default sets count to 1 minimum sets count to 1 maximum sets count to 9999 query :count? Queries programmed count :count? Default querie...

  • Page 213

    Scpi command reference 5-71 :source :trigger[:sequence[1]]:source specify measure event control source parameters = immediate pass operation through immediately external select external triggering as event timer select timer as event manual select manual event bus select bus trigger as event query :...

  • Page 214: Unit Subsystem

    5-72 scpi command reference :sample command :sample:count set sample count parameter = 1 to 1024 query :count? Query the sample count description this command specifies the sample count. The sample count defines how many times operation loops around in the trigger model to perform a device action. N...

  • Page 215

    Scpi command reference 5-73 :db:reference :unit:voltage:ac:db:reference specify dbm reference parameter = 1e-7 to 1000 specify reference in volts query :reference? Description this command is used to specify the db reference level. When db units is selected (:voltage:ac: db), acv db measurements are...

  • Page 216: :distortion Commands

    5-74 scpi command reference :db:reference :unit:voltage[:dc]:db:reference specify dbm reference parameter = 1e-7 to 1000 specify reference in volts query :reference? Description this command is used to specify the db reference level. When db units is selected (:voltage[:dc]:db), dcv db measurements ...

  • Page 217: Specs and

    A specs and accessories specs and accessories.

  • Page 218

    2016 total harmonic distortion specifications distortion characteristics voltage range: 100mv, 1v, 10v, 100v, 750v (user selectable). Input impedance: 1m Ω paralleled by display range: 0–100% or 0–100.00db. Resolution: 0.0001% or 0.00001db. Fundamental frequency range: 20hz–20khz. Harmonic frequency...

  • Page 219

    Sbg 11/13/03 rev. D 2016 multimeter specifications dc characteristics conditions: med (1 plc)1 or slow (10 plc)accuracy: ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) or med (1 plc) with filter of 10(ppm = parts per million) (e.G., 10ppm = 0.001%) test current temperature or burden input 24 hour 14 90 day 1 year...

  • Page 220

    2016 multimeter specifications true rms ac voltage and current characteristics accuracy 1 : ±(% of reading + % of range), 23°c ±5 °c voltage calibration 3 hz– 10 hz– 20 khz– 50 khz– 100 khz– range resolution cycle 10 hz 10 20 khz 50 khz 100 khz 300 khz 100.0000 mv 0.1 µv 1.000000 v 1.0 µv 90 days 0....

  • Page 221

    General specifications power supply: 100v / 120v / 220v / 240v. Line frequency: 50hz to 60hz and 400hz, automatically sensed at power-up. Power consumption: 40 va. Operating environment: specified for 0°c to 50°c. Specified to 80% r.H. At 35°c. Altitude up to 2000 meters. Storage environment: –40°c ...

  • Page 222: Accuracy Calculations

    A-6 specs and accessories accuracy calculations the information below discusses how to calculate accuracy for both dc and ac characteristics. Calculating dc characteristics accuracy dc characteristics accuracy is calculated as follows: accuracy = ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) (ppm = parts per mil...

  • Page 223

    Specs and accessories a-7 calculating dbm characteristics accuracy as an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits for a 13dbm measurement with a reference impedance of 50 Ω, assume an applied signal 0.998815v. The relationship between voltage and dbm is as follows: from the previous exa...

  • Page 224: Additional Derating Factors

    A-8 specs and accessories calculating db characteristics accuracy the relationship between voltage and db is as follows: as an example of how to calculate the actual readings limits for db, with a user-defined v ref of 10v, you must calculate the voltage accuracy and apply it to above equation. To c...

  • Page 225: Optimizing Measurement Speed

    Specs and accessories a-9 optimizing measurement accuracy the configurations listed below assume that the multimeter has had factory setups restored. Dc voltage, dc current, and resistance: • select 6 ½ digits, 10 plc, filter on (up to 100 readings), fixed range. • use rel on dc voltage and 2-wire r...

  • Page 226

    A-10 specs and accessories.

  • Page 227: Status and

    B status and error messages status and error mes- sages.

  • Page 228

    Table b-1 status and error messages number description event -440 -430 -420 -410 -363 -350 -330 -314 -315 -285 -284 -282 -281 -260 -241 -230 -225 -224 -223 -222 -221 -220 -215 -214 -213 -212 -211 -210 -202 -201 -200 -178 -171 -170 -168 -161 -160 -158 -154 -151 -150 query unterminated after indefinit...

  • Page 229

    -148 -144 -141 -140 -128 -124 -123 -121 -120 -114 -113 -112 -111 -110 -109 -108 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100 character data not allowed character data too long invalid character data character data error numeric data not allowed too many digits exponent too large invalid character in number numeric...

  • Page 230

    +308 +309 +310 +311 +312 +313 +314 +315 +400 +401 +402 +403 +404 +405 +406 +407 +408 +409 +410 +411 +412 +413 +414 +415 +416 +417 +418 +419 +420 +421 +422 +423 +424 +425 +438 +439 +450 +451 +452 +453 +454 buffer available buffer half full buffer full buffer overflow reading underflow distortion freq...

  • Page 231

    +455 +456 +457 +458 100m vac full scale error 1 vac zero error 1 vac full scale error 1 vac noise error ee ee ee ee +459 +460 +461 +462 +463 +464 +465 +466 +467 +468 +469 +470 +471 +472 +473 +480 +481 +482 +485 +499 10 vac zero error 10 vac full scale error 10 vac noise error 100 vac zero error 100 ...

  • Page 232

    Note scpi-confirmed messages are described in volume 2: command reference of the standard commands for programmable instruments. Refer to the :system:error? Command. +800 +802 +803 +805 +806 +807 +808 +810 +811 +812 +900 rs-232 framing error detected rs-232 overrun detected rs-232 break detected inv...

  • Page 233: Example Pro-

    C example programs example pro- grams.

  • Page 234: Program Examples

    Program examples all examples presume quickbasic version 4.5 or higher and a cec ieee-488 interface card with cec driver version 2.11 or higher, with the model 2016 at address 16 on the ieee-488 bus. Changing function and range the model 2016 has independent controls for each of its measurement func...

  • Page 235

    'example program to demonstrate changing function and range, 'taking readings on various functions 'for quickbasic 4.5 and cec pc488 interface card 'edit the following line to where the quickbasic 'libraries are on your computer '$include: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.Bi' 'initialize the cec interface as address...

  • Page 236: One-Shot Triggering

    One-shot triggering other dmms generally have two types of triggering: one-shot and continuous. In one-shot, each activation of the selected trigger source causes one reading. In continuous, the dmm is idle until the trigger source is activated, at which time it begins taking readings at a specified...

  • Page 237

    Generating srq on buffer full when your program must wait until the model 2016 has completed an operation, it is more efficient to program the 2016 to assert the ieee-488 srq line when it is finished, rather than repeatedly serial polling the instrument. An ieee-488 controller will typically address...

  • Page 238: Storing Readings In Buffer

    Storing readings in buffer the reading buffer in the model 2016 is flexible and capable. It has three controls, which are found in the trace subsystem. There are commands to control: • the size of the buffer (in readings). Trace:points • where the data is coming from (before or after the calculate1 ...

  • Page 239

    'example program to demonstrate the reading buffer 'for quickbasic 4.5 and cec pc488 interface card 'edit the following line to where the quickbasic 'libraries are on your computer '$include: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.Bi' 'initialize the cec interface as address 21 call initialize(21, 0) 'reset controls and p...

  • Page 240

    Taking readings using the :read? Command this programming example demonstrates a simple method to take and display (on the computer crt) a specified number of readings. The number of readings are specified by the :sample:count command. When :read? Is asserted, the specified number of readings are ta...

  • Page 241

    Print #1, “*rst” ‘ clear registers print #1, “*cls” ‘ clear model 2016 print #1, “:init:cont off;:abort” ‘ init off print #1, “:sens:func ‘volt:dc’” ‘ dcv print #1, “:syst:azer:stat off” ‘ auto zero off print #1, “:sens:volt:dc:aver:stat off” ‘ filter off print #1, “:sens:volt:dc:nplc 0.01” ‘ nplc =...

  • Page 242

    C-10 example programs.

  • Page 243: Ieee-488

    D ieee-488 bus overview d ieee-488 bus over- view.

  • Page 244: Introduction

    Introduction basically, the ieee-488 bus is simply a communication system between two or more electronic devices. A device can be either an instrument or a computer. When a computer is used on the bus, it serves to supervise the communication exchange between all the devices and is known as the cont...

  • Page 245

    Through the use of control lines, a handshake sequence takes place in the transfer process of information from a talker to a listener. This handshake sequence helps ensure the credibility of the information transfer. The basic handshake sequence between an active controller (talker) and a listener i...

  • Page 246: Bus Description

    Bus description the ieee-488 bus, which is also frequently referred to as the gpib (general purpose interface bus), was designed as a parallel transfer medium to optimize data transfer without using an excessive number of bus lines. In keeping with this goal, the bus has only eight data lines that a...

  • Page 247

    Device 1 able to talk, listen and control (computer) device 2 able to talk and listen 2016 device 3 only able to listen (printer) device 4 only able to talk dav nrfd ndac ifc atn srq ren eoi data bus data byte transfer control general interface management dio 1...8 data (8 lines) handshake bus manag...

  • Page 248: Bus Lines

    Bus lines the signal lines on the ieee-488 bus are grouped into three different categories: data lines, management lines, and handshake lines. The data lines handle bus data and commands, while the management and handshake lines ensure that proper data transfer and operation takes place. Each bus li...

  • Page 249: Handshake Lines

    Handshake lines the bus handshake lines operate in an interlocked sequence. This method ensures reliable data transmission regardless of the transfer rate. Generally, data transfer will occur at a rate determined by the slowest active device on the bus. One of the three handshake lines is controlled...

  • Page 250: Bus Commands

    Bus commands the instrument may be given a number of special bus commands through the ieee-488 inter- face. This section briefly describes the purpose of the bus commands which are grouped into the following three categories. 1. Uniline commands — sent by setting the associated bus lines true. For e...

  • Page 251: Uniline Commands

    Uniline commands atn, ifc, and ren are asserted only by the controller. Srq is asserted by an external device. Eoi may be asserted either by the controller or other devices depending on the direction of data transfer. The following is a description of each command. Each command is sent by setting th...

  • Page 252: Addressed Multiline Commands

    Addressed multiline commands addressed commands are multiline commands that must be preceded by the device listen address before that instrument will respond to the command in question. Note that only the addressed device will respond to these commands. Both the commands and the address preceding it...

  • Page 253: Common Commands

    Common commands common commands are commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and defined by the ieee-488.2 standard. Generally, these commands are sent as one or more ascii characters that tell the device to perform a common operation, such as reset. The ieee...

  • Page 254

    D 7 d 6 d 5 d 4 x 0 0 0 command x 0 0 1 command x 0 1 0 primary address x 0 1 1 primary address x 0 1 1 primary address x 0 1 1 primary address x 1 1 0 x 1 1 1 bits d 3 ↓ d 2 ↓ d 1 ↓ d 0 ↓ column → row ↓ 0 (a) 0 (b) 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3(b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a) 5 (b) 6 (a) 6 (b) 7 (a) 7 (b) 0...

  • Page 255: Typical Command Sequences

    Typical command sequences for the various multiline commands, a specific bus sequence must take place to properly send the command. In particular, the correct listen address must be sent to the instrument before it will respond to addressed commands. Table d-3 lists a typical bus sequence for sendin...

  • Page 256: Ieee Command Groups

    Ieee command groups command groups supported by the model 2016 are listed in table d-5 . Common commands and scpi commands are not included in this list. Table d-5 ieee command groups handshake command group ndac = not data accepted nrfd = not ready for data dav = data valid universal command group ...

  • Page 257: Interface Function Codes

    Interface function codes the interface function codes, which are part of the ieee-488 standards, define an instrument’s ability to support various interface functions and should not be confused with programming commands found elsewhere in this manual. The interface function codes for the model 2016 ...

  • Page 258

    Pp (parallel poll function) — the instrument does not have parallel polling capabilities (pp0). Dc (device clear function) — dc1 defines the ability of the instrument to be cleared (initialized). Dt (device trigger function) — dti defines the ability of the model 2016 to have readings triggered. C (...

  • Page 259: Ieee-488 and

    E ieee-488 and scpi conformance information ieee-488 and scpi con- formance information.

  • Page 260: Introduction

    Introduction the ieee-488.2 standard requires specific information about how the model 2016 implements the standard. Paragraph 4.9 of the ieee-488.2 standard (std 488.2-1987) lists the documentation requirements. Table e-1 provides a summary of the requirements, and provides the information or refer...

  • Page 261

    Table e-2 coupled commands command also changes to :trac:poin :trac:cle :trac:feed:cont :trac:feed:cont nev nev sense subsystem commands: ...:rang:upp ...:ref:acq ...:rang:auto ...:ref off presently displayed reading ... = valid function command words (i.E. :volt:dc, :volt:ac, etc.) ieee-488 and scp...

  • Page 262

    E-4 ieee-488 and scpi conformance information.

  • Page 263: Index

    Index symbols *cls — clear status 4-35 *ese — event enable 4-35 *ese? — event enable query 4-35 *esr? — event status register query 4-36 *idn? — identification query 4-38 *opc — operation complete 4-38 *opc? — operation complete query 4-40 *opt? — option identification query 4-41 *rcl — recall 4-41 ...

  • Page 264

    F feature overview 1-2 fetch? Command 5-4 filter 3-3 filter types 3-4 format subsystem 5-30 front panel gpib operation 4-15 front panel scanner controls 3-21 front panel summary 2-3 g gate time 2-24 general bus commands 4-12 general bus commands and associated statements 4-12 general information 1-1...

  • Page 265

    R rack mount kits 1-5 range 2-33, 3-2 rate 3-6 read? Command 5-5 reading hold (autosettle) 3-11 rear panel summary 2-6 recalling readings 3-17 relative 3-5 remote operation 4-1 ren (remote enable) 4-12 replacing fuse 2-9 response message terminator (rmt) 4-33 response messages 4-33 response time 3-4...

  • Page 267: Service Form

    Service form model no. Serial no. Date name and telephone no. Company list all control settings, describe problem and check boxes that apply to problem. ❏ intermittent ❏ analog output follows display ❏ particular range or function bad; specify ❏ ieee failure ❏ obvious problem on power-up ❏ batteries...

  • Page 269

    Specifications are subject to change without notice. All keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of keithley instruments, inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. A g r e a t e r m e a s u r e o f c o n f i d e n c e keithley instruments,...