1. DL manuals
  2. Keithley
  3. Switch
  4. 2700
  5. User Manual

Keithley 2700 User Manual - Reading Relay Closure Count

Other manuals for 2700: Service Manual, User Manual
Manual is about: Multimeter/Switch System

Summary of 2700

  • Page 1

    M o c . Y e l h t i e k . W w w e c n e d i f n o c f o e r u s a e m r e t a e r g a user’s manual 2700-900-01 rev. J / august 2011 model 2700 multimeter/switch system.

  • Page 2

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 2011, keithley instruments, inc. All rights reserved. Cleveland, ohio, u.S.A. Document number: 2700-900-01 rev. J.

  • Page 4: Safety Precautions

    04/09 the following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intend...

  • Page 5

    Themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000v, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed. Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance- limited sources. Never connect swi...

  • Page 6

    The warning heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure. The caution heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrume...

  • Page 8: Table of Contents

    Table of contents 1 getting started general information ................................................................................. 1-2 contact information .......................................................................... 1-2 safety symbols and terms .....................................

  • Page 9: Basic Dmm Operation

    4-wire functions (paired channels) .................................................... 2-8 controlling the system channel ......................................................... 2-9 non-amp and non-measure switching modules .............................. 2-14 multiple channel operation .............

  • Page 10

    Thermistors ..................................................................................... 3-35 4-wire rtds .................................................................................... 3-36 connections ......................................................................................

  • Page 11: Buffer

    Relative ..................................................................................................... 5-2 basic operation .................................................................................. 5-2 remote programming — rel ............................................................

  • Page 12: Triggering

    Manual/external trigger scan ........................................................... 7-23 monitor scan (analog trigger) ......................................................... 7-24 remote programming — scanning ........................................................ 7-26 trigger model ..........

  • Page 13: Remote Operations

    Limits and digital outputs programming example .......................... 9-14 application — sorting resistors .............................................................. 9-15 limits .............................................................................................. 9-15 digital output...

  • Page 14: Status Structure

    Selecting and configuring rs-232 interface ................................. 10-20 rs-232 connections ...................................................................... 10-20 error messages .............................................................................. 10-22 11 status structure o...

  • Page 15: Scpi Reference Tables

    System:version .......................................................................... 14-8 system:key .................................................................... 14-8 system:beeper[:state] ..................................................... 14-9 15 scpi reference tables reference tabl...

  • Page 16: Measurement Considerations

    [sens[1]]:data:fresh? ................................................................ D-9 fetch? ........................................................................................... D-10 read? ............................................................................................ D-10 m...

  • Page 17

    Address commands .......................................................................... G-9 unaddress commands ....................................................................... G-9 common commands ....................................................................... G-10 scpi commands .....

  • Page 18

    1 getting started quick start — of the following section topics, three can be used immediately to quickly acquaint yourself with fundamental instrument operations. Use qs1 to familiarize yourself with front panel controls, use qs2 to power-up the instrument and finally, use qs3 to perform exercises ...

  • Page 19: General Information

    1-2 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual general information contact information worldwide phone numbers are listed at the front of this manual. If you have any questions, please contact your local keithley representative or call a keithley application engineer at 1-800-...

  • Page 20: Inspection

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-3 inspection model 2700 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit....

  • Page 21

    1-4 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7701 — this differential multiplexer provides 32 channels of 2-pole input, or 16 channels of 4-pole input. Model 7702 — this differential multiplexer provides 40 channels of 2-pole input, or 20 channels of 4-pole input. It a...

  • Page 22

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-5 cables and connector kits for switching modules model 7788 db-50 connector kit — contains two male db-50 solder cup connectors with strain relief connector shells. These connectors mate to the female connectors of the models 7703 ...

  • Page 23: Model 2700 Features

    1-6 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual software the following optional software is available from keithley: excelinx-1a – this is an economical, easy-to-use, add-in utility for microsoft excel ® and keithley integra series multimeter/switch systems. No programming is r...

  • Page 24: Plug-In Switching Modules

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-7 the model 2700 has two slots that will accommodate keithley model 7700 series switching modules ( table 1-1 ). Each channel of a switching module that is closed or scanned is measured by the model 2700. For scanning, each channel ...

  • Page 25

    1-8 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 1-1 model 77xx series switching modules model 7700 model 7701 model 7702 model 7703 2-pole operation 20 channels 32 channels 40 channels 32 channels 4-pole operation 10 channel pairs 16 channel pairs 20 channel pairs 16 chan...

  • Page 26: Pseudocards

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-9 pseudocards using remote programming, you can assign a pseudocard to an empty switching module slot. With a pseudocard installed, the model 2700 will operate as if the switching module is installed in the model 2700. This feature ...

  • Page 27: Front Panel Summary

    1-10 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual identifying installed switching modules on power-up, the model numbers of installed switching modules are displayed briefly. If a model 7700, 7701, 7702, 7703, 7705, 7708, 7709, 7710, 7711, or 7712 switching module is removed whi...

  • Page 28

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-11 1 special keys and power switch: shift use to select a shifted function or operation. Local cancels gpib remote mode. Power power switch. In position turns 2700 on (i), out position turns it off (o). 2 function and operation keys...

  • Page 29

    1-12 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual bottom row unshifted open opens closed channel. Close closes specified channel. Step steps through channels; sends a trigger after each channel. Scan scans through channels; sends a trigger after last channel. Digits sets display...

  • Page 30

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-13 math mx+b, percent, or reciprocal (1/x) calculation enabled. Med medium reading rate selected. Mon monitor channel displayed. Ocomp 4-wire offset compensated ohms enabled. Ratio channel ratio enabled. Rear front panel input termi...

  • Page 31: Rear Panel Summary

    1-14 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rear panel summary the rear panel of model 2700 is shown in figure 1-2 . As shown, a slot cover is installed on slot 2. Warning slot covers must be installed on unused slots to prevent personal contact with high voltage circuits....

  • Page 32: Power-Up

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-15 power-up line power connection follow the procedure below to connect the model 2700 to line power and turn on the instrument. 1. Check to see that the line voltage indicated in the window of the fuse holder assembly ( figure 1-3 ...

  • Page 33: Line Frequency

    1-16 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 3. Connect the female end of the supplied power cord to the ac receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the power cord to a grounded ac outlet. Warning the power cord supplied with the model 2700 contains a separate...

  • Page 34: Power-Up Sequence

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-17 4. Install the fuse holder assembly into the power module by pushing it in until it locks in place. Power-up sequence on power-up, the model 2700 performs self-tests on its eprom and ram and momentarily lights all segments and an...

  • Page 35: Keyclick

    1-18 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual keyclick with keyclick enabled, an audible click will sound when a front panel key is pressed. Perform the following steps to disable or enable keyclick: 1. Press shift and then local to display the present state of keyclick (on ...

  • Page 36

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-19 note optional command words and queries are not included in table 1-3 . Table 15-2 provides an unabridged list of all display commands. Display:text:data define text message this command defines the text message for display. A me...

  • Page 37: Defaults and User Setups

    1-20 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual defaults and user setups model 2700 can be restored to one of two default setup configurations (factory or *rst), or four user-saved (sav0, sav1, sav2, or sav3). As shipped from the factory, model 2700 powers up to the factory (f...

  • Page 38: Saving and Restoring Setups

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-21 saving and restoring setups saving a user setup 1. Configure model 2700 for the desired measurement application. 2. Press shift and then save to access the save setup menu. 3. Press to place the cursor on the present setup (sav0,...

  • Page 39

    1-22 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 1-4 default settings setting factory *rst set diff auto channel configuration no (off) no effect ✓ autozero on on buffer no effect no effect auto clear yes (on) no effect ✓ channel average off off closed channels none none ...

  • Page 40

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-23 setting factory *rst set diff limits off off lo limit 1 -1 -1 hi limit 1 +1 +1 lo limit 2 -2 -2 hi limit 2 +2 +2 line synchronization off off math mx+b off off scale factor 1.0 1.0 offset 0.0 0.0 units “x” “x” percent off off ref...

  • Page 41

    1-24 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual setting factory *rst set diff rs-232 off off baud rate no effect no effect flow control xonxoff xonxoff terminator no effect no effect scanning disabled disabled auto scan no (off) no effect ✓ type (simple or advanced) no effect ...

  • Page 42

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-25 remote programming — default and user setups default and user setup commands are listed in table 1-5 . Note the system:preset and *rst defaults are listed in the scpi tables in section 15 . Programming example *sav 2 ' save prese...

  • Page 43: Quick Start Exercises

    1-26 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming information remote programming information is integrated with front panel operation throughout this manual. Programming commands are listed in tables, and additional information that pertains exclusively to rem...

  • Page 44

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-27 basic dmm measurements — front panel inputs note see section 3 for details on basic dmm operation. The model 2700 is shipped from the factory to power-up to factory defaults. The instrument powers up to a setup that continuously ...

  • Page 45

    1-28 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual exercise 1 — basic dmm measurements the exercise in table 1-6 measures acv on the 10v range and stores 15 readings in the buffer. Table 1-6 exercise 1—measure ac volts - store readings in buffer front panel operation command sequ...

  • Page 46

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-29 closing and opening channels — system channel operation note see section 2 for details on closing and opening switching module channels. Note the following discussion assumes a multiplexing switching module (i.E., model 7700) is ...

  • Page 47

    1-30 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual • for a 4-wire function (i.E., Ω4), a channel pair is connected to the dmm when a system channel is closed. The system channel is connected to dmm input and the paired channel is connected to dmm sense. Figure 1-5 shows system ch...

  • Page 48

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-31 • when a system channel is closed, the channel number will be displayed on the model 2700. The slot number for the module is also displayed. For example, “103” indicates that system input channel 3 for a module in slot 1 is close...

  • Page 49: Simple Scanning

    1-32 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual exercise 2 — closing and opening channels (system channel operation) the exercise in table 1-7 demonstrates a sequence to close and open channels of a mode 7700 installed in slot 1 of the mainframe. Simple scanning note see secti...

  • Page 50

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-33 for scan, the reading count also determines the number of scans to perform and is best explained by an example. Assume there are 10 channels in the scan list (i.E., 101 through 110). If you set the reading count to 10 or less, on...

  • Page 51

    1-34 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual for remote programming, the following commands are used for simple scanning: route:scan ' define scan list*. Trigger:count ' specify number of scans (1 to 11000 or infinity). Sample:count ' specify number of channels to scan (1 t...

  • Page 52

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-35 trigger and return readings — remote programming there are several commands used to trigger and return readings. The proper commands and sequence to use depend on the trigger state (continuous or non-continuous) and what you are ...

  • Page 53

    1-36 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual exercise 4 — trigger and return a single reading exercise 5 — trigger and return multiple readings trigger controlled measurements — the instrument is typically used in a non- continuous trigger mode. In this mode, commands are u...

  • Page 54

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual getting started 1-37 figure 1-9 exercise 5 — trigger and return multiple readings init:cont off trig:coun 1 samp:coun x read? Init fetch? Place 2700 in non-continuous trigger state set 2700 to perform “x” number of measurements (x = 2 to 110000) 2. I...

  • Page 55

    1-38 getting started model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 1-10 exercise 6 — return a single reading (continuous triggering) samp:coun 1 init:cont on data? Data:fresh? Fetch? Calc:data? Place 2700 in continuous trigger state. Or or return basic reading 2, 3 return result of math c...

  • Page 56

    2 closing and opening switching module channels • close/open overview — summarizes the two operating modes to control switching modules: system channel operation and multiple channel operation. • switching module installation and connections — explains how to install a switching module (or pseudocar...

  • Page 57: Close/open Overview

    2-2 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open overview note this section covers basic close/open operations for switching module channels. It also covers the operating characteristics that are unique to the model 7700 switching module. There ar...

  • Page 58: Module Installation

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-3 switching module installation and connections in order to exercise close/open operations explained in this section, a switching module (or pseudocard) must be installed in the mainframe. A switching module can...

  • Page 59: Connections

    2-4 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual connections warning connection information for switching modules is intended for quali- fied service personnel. Do not attempt to connect dut or external cir- cuitry to a switching module unless qualified to d...

  • Page 60: Pseudocards

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-5 pseudocards using remote programming, you can assign a pseudocard to an empty switching module slot. With a pseudocard installed, the model 2700 will operate as if the switching module is installed in the mode...

  • Page 61: System Channel Operation

    2-6 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual system channel operation the system channel is a closed measurement channel that is internally connected to the internal dmm input of the model 2700. The system channel number is displayed on the model 2700. F...

  • Page 62: 2-Wire Functions

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-7 2-wire functions figure 2-1 shows an example of how the system channel is connected to the dmm input of the model 2700. Assume a model 7700 switching module is installed in slot 1 of the mainframe. When channe...

  • Page 63

    2-8 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 4-wire functions (paired channels) a 4-wire function, such as Ω4, requires that another measurement channel be paired to the system channel. For example, if the switching module has 20 measurement channels, ch...

  • Page 64

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-9 controlling the system channel when a measurement channel is closed, a previous system channel (and, for a 4-wire function, its paired channel) is first opened. The closed measurement channel becomes the syste...

  • Page 65

    2-10 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close key (single menu option) the single menu option for the close key can be used to select a measurement channel as the system channel ( figure 2-4 ). Perform the following steps to select the system chann...

  • Page 66

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-11 open key (all menu option) the all menu option of the open key opens all channels for all switching modules installed in the model 2700 ( figure 2-5 ). For example, if a model 7700 switching module is install...

  • Page 67

    2-12 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — system channel control commands the commands to close and open the system channel are listed in table 2-1 . When a system channel reading is returned, the system channel number will be in...

  • Page 68

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-13 c. Route:close? This query command returns a of closed measurement channels, including paired channels for 4-wire functions. This query command will not return non-measurement channels, such as backplane isol...

  • Page 69

    2-14 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual non-amp and non-measure switching modules there are keithley switching modules that do not support current measurements and there are modules that do not support any measurements at all. Non-amps module — wit...

  • Page 70

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-15 non-measure switching modules note presently, non-measure keithley modules include the models 7705, 7711, and 7712. You can check the keithley website (www.Keithley.Com) for new modules. Keep the following in...

  • Page 71: Multiple Channel Operation

    2-16 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual multiple channel operation the capability to individually control channels provides you with added flexibility in how you use a switching module. For example, assume you want to route a signal into channel 1 ...

  • Page 72

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-17 controlling multiple channels warning when using multiple channel operation, you must be very careful when switching hazardous voltages. If you inadvertently close the wrong channel(s), you could create a sho...

  • Page 73

    2-18 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close key (multi menu option) the multi menu option for the close key can be used to close any individual channel in the mainframe ( figure 2-6 ). Perform the following steps to close a channel: note channels...

  • Page 74

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-19 open key the open key has two options to open channels: all and multi. The all option simply opens all channels in the mainframe. The multi option opens only the specified channel. All other closed channels r...

  • Page 75

    2-20 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — multiple channel control commands the commands to close and open the system channel are listed in table 2-2 . Reference: a. Route:multiple:close this command functions like the front pane...

  • Page 76

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-21 b. Route:multiple:open with this command, you can open one or more switching module channels. When you send this command to open the channels specified in the , only those listed channels will open. Channels ...

  • Page 77

    2-22 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual multiple channel operation anomalies • anomaly #1 — when you use multiple channel operation to open the system channel, the channel will open but the system channel number will still be displayed on the model...

  • Page 78

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-23 anomaly #2 example — opening the paired channel assume 4-wire connections to a 1k Ω resistor using channels 1 and 11 of the model 7700 switching module. Also assume the Ω4 function is selected. The following ...

  • Page 79

    2-24 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual dual independent multiplexers using multiple channel operation, any multiplexer switching module can be configured as two independent multiplexers. For example, the model 7700 is normally used as a single 1 ×...

  • Page 80

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-25 dual multiplexer application this application demonstrates how to use the model 7700 as a dual multiplexer to bias and measure 10 dut. An external source powers dut, while the dmm of the model 2700 measures t...

  • Page 81

    2-26 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual for this application, the 2-pole/4-pole relay and backplane isolation relays of the switching module are to be controlled as follows: • closing channel 23 connects the external source to dut via channels 11 t...

  • Page 82

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-27 figure 2-10 testing dut 1 1. Open all channels. For most switching modules, channels remain closed after the model 2700 is turned off. Therefore, it is good safe practice to open all channels at the start and...

  • Page 83: Viewing Closed Channels

    2-28 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 3. Close channels 1 and 11 to connect dut #1 to the dmm and bias supply. Front panel operation: press close > select multi > key in 101 > press enter press close > select multi > key in 111 > press enter remo...

  • Page 84: Card Menu

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-29 card menu the card menu identifies the switching modules installed in the mainframe, and is used for the following operations: • configure digital inputs and outputs, and analog outputs for switching modules ...

  • Page 85

    2-30 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual slotx: 77xx — use to configure the switching module in slot x (where x = 1 or 2). If configuration is not necessary, the instrument will exit from the menu when enter is pressed. Note for switching modules th...

  • Page 86

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-31 switching module queries (remote operation) for remote operation, there are commands to identify installed switching modules and channels that are closed. There are also commands to acquire general informatio...

  • Page 87: Relay Closure Count

    2-32 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual relay closure count the model 2700 keeps an internal count of the number of times each module relay has been closed. The total number of relay closures are stored in eeprom on the card. This count will help y...

  • Page 88: Reading Relay Closure Count

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-33 reading relay closure count to determine the closure count of specific channels, send this query via remote: route:close:count? Here, is the summary of channels. For example, to determine the closure count of...

  • Page 89: Model 7700 Switching Module

    2-34 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 switching module note connection and wiring procedures for the model 7700 are to be performed by qualified service personnel. This information is provided in appendix b (model 7700 connection guide...

  • Page 90: Schematic Diagram

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual close/open switching module channels 2-35 the 2-wire functions include dcv, acv, dci, aci, Ω2, cont, freq, period, and temp (thermocouple and thermistor). The 4-wire functions/operations include Ω4, temp (4-wire rtd), ratio, and ch avg (ratio and cha...

  • Page 91

    2-36 close/open switching module channels model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 2-12 model 7700 simplified schematic notes: cold junction ref x3 channel 1 hi lo channel 10 hi lo (channels 2–9) channel 11 hi lo channel 20 hi lo (channels 12–19) channel 21 hi lo channel 22 hi lo amp...

  • Page 92

    3 basic dmm operation • dmm measurement capabilities — summarizes the measurement capabilities of the model 2700 and covers maximum signal levels for switching modules. • high energy circuit safety precautions — provides safety information when performing measurements in high energy circuits. • perf...

  • Page 93: Dmm Measurement Capabilities

    3-2 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual dmm measurement capabilities note accuracy specifications for all measurement functions and the model 7700 switching module are provided in appendix a . The dmm of the model 2700 can make the following measurements: dcv — dc v...

  • Page 94

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-3 high energy circuit safety precautions to optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits, read and use the directions in the following warning. Warning dangerous arcs of an explosive nature in a hi...

  • Page 95: Performance Considerations

    3-4 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual performance considerations warm-up after the model 2700 is turned on, it must be allowed to warm up for at least two hours to allow the internal temperature to stabilize. If the instrument has been exposed to extreme temperatu...

  • Page 96

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-5 lsync (line cycle synchronization) synchronizing a/d conversions with the frequency of the power line increases common mode and normal mode noise rejection. When line cycle synchronization is enabled, the measurement is initia...

  • Page 97: Channel List Parameter ()

    3-6 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — autozero and lsync autozero and lsync commands the commands to control display resolution (digits) are listed in table 3-1 . Channel list parameter () channels of one or more switching modules installed in...

  • Page 98: Dcv Input Divider

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-7 throughout this manual, you will encounter commands that can use the parameter. The simply indicates that the associated command can be used to configure a scan channel. For example: sense:function 'voltage:ac' ' select acv fu...

  • Page 99: Connections

    3-8 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual connections warning even though the model 2700 can measure up to 1000v peak, the maximum input to a switching module is less. Exceeding the voltage rating of a switching module may cause damage and create a safety hazard. Note...

  • Page 100

    caution: maximum input = 750v rms, 1000v peak, 8 x 10 7 v • hz input resistance = 10m Ω on 1000v and 100v ranges; >10g Ω on 10v, 1v, and 100...

  • Page 101

    3-10 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 switching module connections for the model 7700 switching module are shown in figure 3-3 . For basic dcv and acv measurements ( figure 3-3 a and b), channels 1 through 20 can be used. Ratio and channel average calc...

  • Page 102: Volts Measurement Procedure

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-11 volts measurement procedure note make sure the inputs switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “f” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “r” (in) position. 1. If a swi...

  • Page 103

    3-12 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ac voltage measurements and crest factor the root-mean-square (rms) value of any periodic voltage or current is equal to the value of the dc voltage or current which delivers the same power to a resistance as the periodic wav...

  • Page 104

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-13 additional error uncertainties are also specified for non-sinusoidal waveforms of specific crest factors and frequencies. The model 2700 has capabilities of measuring ac waveforms of crest factors up to 5. Figure 3-4 acv meas...

  • Page 105

    3-14 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 3-5 acv measurements – square, pulse, and sawtooth waves ac coupled rms: v p 0 v p cf = 1 square v rms = v p 0 -v p rectified square ac coupled rms: v p 2 v rms = cf = 2 v p 0 pulse t t v rms = v p where; d (duty cycle...

  • Page 106: Low Level Considerations

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-15 low level considerations for sensitive measurements, external considerations beyond the model 2700 affect the accuracy. Effects not noticeable when working with higher voltages are significant in microvolt signals. The model ...

  • Page 107

    3-16 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual widely varying temperatures within the circuit can also create thermal emfs. Therefore, maintain constant temperatures to minimize these thermal emfs. A shielded enclosure around the circuit under test also helps by minimizin...

  • Page 108: Connections

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-17 current measurements (dci and aci) the model 2700 can make dci measurements from 10na to 3a and aci measurements from 1µa to 3a rms. Note see the previous discussion about crest factor in “voltage measurements (dcv and acv),”...

  • Page 109: Amps Measurement Procedure

    3-18 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 switching module connections for the model 7700 switching module are shown in figure 3-7 . Note that only channels 21 and 22 can be used for current measurements. Figure 3-7 dci and aci connections using model 7700...

  • Page 110

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-19 6. Observe the displayed reading. If the “overflow” message is displayed, select a higher range until a normal reading is displayed (or press auto for autoranging). For manual ranging, use the lowest possible range for the be...

  • Page 111: Resistance Measurements (

    3-20 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual resistance measurements ( Ω2 and Ω4) the model 2700 uses the constant-current method to measure resistance from 100 Ω to 1m Ω. The model 2700 sources a constant current (i) to the resistance and measures the voltage (v). Resi...

  • Page 112

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-21 figure 3-8 Ω2 and Ω4 connections for front panel inputs source current flows from the input hi to input lo terminals. A. Ω2 connections b. Ω4 connections f ! Ff 500v peak front/rear 3a 250v amps hi input lo sense Ω 4 wire inp...

  • Page 113

    3-22 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 switching module connections for the switching module are shown in figure 3-9 . As shown in figure 3-9 a, each of the 20 channels can be used to perform Ω2 measurements. For Ω4 measurements, a channel pair is used ...

  • Page 114

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-23 cable leakage for high resistance measurements in a high humidity environment, use teflon™ insulated cables to minimize errors due to cable leakage. Standard resistance measurements note make sure the inputs switch is in the ...

  • Page 115: Offset-Compensated Ohms

    3-24 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual offset-compensated ohms the presence of thermal emfs (v emf ) can adversely affect low-resistance measurement accuracy. To overcome these unwanted offset voltages, you can use offset-compensated ohms (ocomp). Offset-compensat...

  • Page 116: Measurement Methods

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-25 performing offset-compensated ohms measurements offset-compensated ohms can only be performed on the Ω4 function using the 100Ω, 1kΩ, or 10k Ω range. Make sure you use 4-wire connections to the dut (see “connections,” page 3-...

  • Page 117

    3-26 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual constant-current source method for the 100 Ω to 1mΩ ranges, the model 2700 uses the constant-current method to measure resistance. The model 2700 sources a constant current (i sour ) to the dut and measures the voltage (v mea...

  • Page 118

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-27 ratiometric method for the 10m Ω and 100mΩ ranges, the ratiometric method is used to measure resistance. Test current for this method is generated by a 0.7µa current source (i sour ) in parallel with a 10m Ω reference resista...

  • Page 119

    3-28 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual since i = v/r, eq. 1 is modified using the v/r equivalents in place of i ref and i dut . Therefore: i sour = (v meas / r ref ) + (v meas / r dut ) eq. 1 is then rearranged to solve for r dut and is shown in eq. 2 of figure 3-...

  • Page 120

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-29 open test lead detection is illustrated in figure 3-12 for an Ω4 measurement of a 100Ω resistor using the 100 Ω range. For an Ω2 measurement, sense circuity is not used. With the test leads properly connected, as shown in fig...

  • Page 121

    3-30 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 3-12 open ohms test lead detection sense hi input hi s/w detection input lo sense lo s/w detection i-source 100w dut 1ma 100mv 0mv 100mv sense hi input hi s/w detection h/w detection s/w detection input lo sense lo s/w...

  • Page 122

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-31 10m Ω and 100mΩ ranges – open sense lead detection for the 10mΩ and 100mΩ detection is slightly different and is shown in figure 3-13 . Detection is performed at sense lo only. Sense hi is not used. It does not need to be con...

  • Page 123

    3-32 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 4-wire common-side (csid) ohms measurements (7701 module) for normal 4-wire ohms measurements using a switching module, channels are paired to provide the switch paths for input and sense. Each tested dut requires two input c...

  • Page 124: Temperature Measurements

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-33 temperature measurements the model 2700 can measure temperature using thermocouples, thermistors, and 4-wire rtds. When deciding which temperature sensor to use, keep in mind that the thermocouple is the most versatile, the t...

  • Page 125

    3-34 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual reference junctions a reference junction is the cold junction in a thermocouple circuit which is held at a stable, known temperature. It is at the cold junction where dissimilar wire connections must be made. As long as the t...

  • Page 126: Thermistors

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-35 external reference junction for switching modules that do not have built-in sensors to measure temperature, each module can use a thermistor or 4-wire rtd to acquire the reference temperature. Connect a thermistor to channel ...

  • Page 127: 4-Wire Rtds

    3-36 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 4-wire rtds for 4-wire rtds, the temperature measurement range is -200°c to 630°c (0.01°c resolution). Rtd types that are supported include d100, f100, pt385, and pt3916. A user type is available to modify rtd parameters, suc...

  • Page 128

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-37 reference junction may be inconvenient but it will provide more accurate temperature measurements (assuming the user enters a precise reference temperature). With open thermocouple detection disabled, the model 2700 can calcu...

  • Page 129

    3-38 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 3-2 color codes — thermocouple wires t/c type positive (+) negative (-) t/c type positive (+) negative (-) j u.S. White red e u.S. Purple red british yellow blue british brown blue din red blue din red black japanese re...

  • Page 130

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-39 thermistor connections a thermistor can be connected directly to the front panel inputs or to any of the 20 input channels of the model 7700 switching module as shown in figure 3-15 . Figure 3-15 thermistor connections 4-wire...

  • Page 131

    3-40 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual temperature measurement configuration the model 2700 is configured to measure temperature from the temperature measurement configuration menu. Use the following general rules to navigate through the menu structure: • press sh...

  • Page 132

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-41 thermistor temperature measurement configuration the steps to configure thermistor measurements are provided in table 3-4 . After pressing shift and then sensor, the menu starts at step 1 to select measurement units. Each tim...

  • Page 133

    3-42 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 4-wire rtd temperature measurement configuration the alpha, beta, delta, and Ω at 0°c parameters for the five basic rtd types are provided in table 3-5 . Note that these parameters can be modified using remote programming. Th...

  • Page 134

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-43 temperature measurement procedure note make sure the inputs switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “f” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “r” (in) position. 1. If...

  • Page 135: Trigger Level

    3-44 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual frequency and period measurements the model 2700 can make frequency measurements from 3hz to 500khz on voltage ranges of 100mv, 1v, 10v, 100v, and 750v. Period (1 / frequency) measurements can be taken from 2µs to 333ms on th...

  • Page 136: Connections

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-45 connections note when using the front panel inputs, the inputs switch must be in the “f” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “r” (in) position. Front panel input when using the front panel input terminals...

  • Page 137

    3-46 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual frequency and period measurement procedure note make sure the inputs switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “f” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “r” (in) positi...

  • Page 138: Continuity Testing

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-47 continuity testing the instrument can test continuity using the 2-wire 1k Ω range. After selecting continuity, you will be prompted to enter the threshold resistance level (1 to 1000 Ω). When the measured circuit is below the...

  • Page 139: Continuity Testing Procedure

    3-48 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 3-19 continuity connections continuity testing procedure note make sure the inputs switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “f” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be i...

  • Page 140: Basic Measurement Commands

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-49 remote programming for basic measurements basic measurement commands note when measurements are performed, the readings are fed to other enabled processing operations. Appendix d explains “data flow (remote operation)” and th...

  • Page 141

    3-50 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual commands 1 description default ref temp function [sense[1]] optional root command. :temperature:transducer [, ] select temperature transducer; = tcouple, frtd, or thermistor. Tc :temperature:tcouple:type [, ] select t/c type;...

  • Page 142

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-51 commands 1 description default ref period function :period:threshold:voltage:range [, ] select threshold voltage range; = 0 to 1010. 10 f :period:aperture [, ] set gate time for period measurements in secs; = 0.01 to 1.0. 1.0...

  • Page 143

    3-52 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual reference a. Function [, ] note that the parameters in the table are enclosed in single quotes (‘ ’). However, double quotes (“ ”) can instead be used. For example: func ‘volt:ac’ = func “volt:ac” scan configuration — when us...

  • Page 144

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-53 d. Temperature:tcouple:rjunction:simulated [, ] the units for the simulated reference temperature depend on the present temperature measurement units as set by unit:temperature (see ref h). Note the following command can inst...

  • Page 145

    3-54 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual data[:latest]? Data:fresh? These commands do not trigger a reading. They simply return the last reading string. The reading reflects what is applied to the input. While the instrument is performing measurements, you can use t...

  • Page 146

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-55 basic measurement programming examples example #1 — continuous triggering the following command sequence places the model 2700 in a continuous trigger mode to measure acv. Whenever data? Is sent, the last measured reading wil...

  • Page 147: Measurement Queries

    3-56 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual example #4 — scan configuration (model 7700) the following commands configure scan channels 101, 102, and 121 of a model 7700 installed in slot 1. When channel 101 is scanned, dcv will be selected. When channel 102 is scanned...

  • Page 148: :read?

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-57 where appropriate since this query does not trigger a reading, and can give duplicate results, there are not many cases where this command should be used. The “:data:fresh?” query (see page 3-47) is often a better choice. If ...

  • Page 149: :measure[:]?

    3-58 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual :measure[:]? What it does this query will reconfigure the instrument to the function specified in the query, set the trigger source for immediate, set the trigger count to 1, and configure the measurement parameters to *rst d...

  • Page 150: [:sense[1]]:data[:latest]?

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic dmm operation 3-59 [:sense[1]]:data[:latest]? What it does this query will return the last reading the instrument had, regardless of what may have invalidated that reading, such as changing ranges or functions. Limitations this query is fully c...

  • Page 151

    3-60 basic dmm operation model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual one-shot reading, dc volts, bus trigger, auto ranging *rst :initiate:continuous off;:abort :trigger:source bus :sense:function ‘voltage:dc’ :sense:voltage:dc:range:auto on :trigger:count 1 :initiate *trg -or- get // triggers ...

  • Page 152

    4 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter • range — provides details on measurement range selection. Includes the commands for remote programming. • digits — provides details on selecting display resolution. Includes the commands for remote programming. • rate and bandwidth — provides details on ...

  • Page 153: Range

    4-2 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range the range setting is “remembered” by each measurement function. When you select a function, the instrument will return to the last range setting for that function. Measurement ranges and maximum re...

  • Page 154: Manual Ranging

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-3 manual ranging to change range, press the range Δ or ∇ key. The instrument changes one range per key press. The selected range is displayed for one second. Note that the manual range keys have no effect ...

  • Page 155: Remote Programming — Range

    4-4 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — range range commands the commands to set range are listed in table 4-2 . Additional information on these commands follow the table. Note query commands and some optional command word...

  • Page 156: Digits

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-5 manual ranging the range is selected by specifying the expected reading as an absolute value using the parameter for the appropriate :range command. The model 2700 will then go to the most sensitive rang...

  • Page 157: Scanning

    4-6 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning when a simple scan is configured, the present digits setting will apply to all channels in the scan. When an advanced scan is configured, each channel can have its own unique digits setting. Det...

  • Page 158

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-7 setting digits even though the parameters for the digits command are expressed as integers (4 to 7), you can specify resolution using a real number. For example, to select 3h digit resolution, let = 3.5....

  • Page 159: Rate and Bandwidth

    4-8 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rate and bandwidth rate the rate key sets the integration time (measurement speed) of the a/d converter, the period of time the input signal is measured (also known as aperture). The integration time aff...

  • Page 160

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-9 the front panel rate settings for all but the ac functions are explained as follow: • fast sets integration time to 0.1 plc. Use fast if speed is of primary importance (at the expense of increased readin...

  • Page 161: Bandwidth

    4-10 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual bandwidth bandwidth specifies the lowest frequency of interest for ac measurements. The rate setting determines the bandwidth setting: • slow — 3hz to 300khz • medium — 30hz to 300khz • fast — 300hz to ...

  • Page 162

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-11 table 4-5 rate and bandwidth commands commands 1, 7 description default integration rate commands [sense[1]] optional root command. :voltage[:dc]:nplcycles [, ] set rate for dcv in plcs; = 0.01 to x 2 ....

  • Page 163

    4-12 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual aperture aperture is a different way to specify the integration rate. As previously explained, 1 plc sets the integration rate to 16.67msec (assuming 60hz line power). You can instead use an aperture co...

  • Page 164: Filter

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-13 rate and bandwidth programming examples note the following examples can be run from the ke2700 instrument driver using the example named “ratebandwidth” in table h-1 of appendix h . Example #1 — the fol...

  • Page 165

    4-14 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual filter type there are two digital filter types: moving and repeating. The moving average filter uses a first-in first-out stack, where the newest reading conversion replaces the oldest. An aver- age of ...

  • Page 166

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-15 figure 4-2 moving and repeating filters conversion #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 conversion average reading #1 conversion #12 #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 conversion average reading #3 conversion #11 #...

  • Page 167

    4-16 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual filter window the digital filter uses a “noise” window to control filter threshold. As long as the input signal remains within the selected window, a/d conversions continue to be placed in the stack. If...

  • Page 168

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-17 figure 4-3 filter window +1% of range -1% of range a b voltage t 1 t 2 t 3 t 4 t 5 t 6 t 7 t 8 t 9 t 10 t 11 +1% of range -1% of range windows violation integration time a 1 a 1 a 1 a 1 a 1 rdg #1 a 2 a...

  • Page 169

    4-18 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual filter control and configuration the filter key toggles the state of the filter. When the filter is enabled, the filt annunciator is on. The filt annunciator will flash when the filter is not settled. W...

  • Page 170

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-19 scanning the moving filter cannot be used when scanning. A scan channel cannot be configured to use the moving filter. Also, the filter window is not used when scanning. When a simple scan is configured...

  • Page 171

    4-20 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — filter filter commands the filter commands are listed in table 4-6 . Additional information on these commands follow the table. Note query commands are not included in table 4-6 . A...

  • Page 172

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter 4-21 commands 1, 4 description 5 default Ω2 filter commands [sense[1]] optional root command. :resistance:average:tcontrol select filter type; = moving or repeat. (note 2) :resistance:average:window set filt...

  • Page 173

    4-22 range, digits, rate, bandwidth, and filter model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual filter programming examples note the following example can be run from the ke2700 instrument driver using the example named “mafilter” in table h-1 of appendix h . Example #1 — the following command seq...

  • Page 174

    5 relative, math, ratio, channel average, and db • relative — explains how to null an offset or establish a baseline value. Includes the commands for remote programming. • math — covers the three basic math operations: mx+b, percent, and reciprocal (1/x). Includes the commands for remote programming...

  • Page 175: Relative

    5-2 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual relative the rel (relative) function can be used to null offsets or subtract a baseline reading from present and future readings. When rel is enabled, the instrument uses the present reading as a relative val...

  • Page 176

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-3 4. Press the rel key to set the rel value. The display will zero and the rel annunciator will turn on. 5. Apply the signal to be measured. Pressing rel a second time disables rel. You can input a rel value ma...

  • Page 177: Remote Programming — Rel

    5-4 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — rel rel commands the rel commands to set range are listed in table 5-1 . Additional information on these commands follow the table. Note query commands are not included in table 5-1 . All...

  • Page 178

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-5 commands 1 description default rel commands for Ω2 [sense[1]] optional root command. :resistance:reference [, ] specify rel value; = 0 to 120e6 ( Ω). 0 :resistance:reference:state [, ] enable/disable rel; = o...

  • Page 179

    5-6 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual “pressing rel” using rel commands when the front panel rel key is pressed, the displayed reading is used as the rel value. Subsequent readings are then the result of the actual input value and the rel value. ...

  • Page 180

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-7 rel programming examples example #1 — the following command sequence zeroes the display for dcv. Note the following example can be run from the ke2700 instrument driver using the example named “relative1” in ...

  • Page 181: Math

    5-8 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual math the model 2700 has three built-in math calculations that are accessed from the math menu: mx+b, percent, and reciprocal (1/x). Figure 5-1 shows the math menu tree. Note that the settings shown in the men...

  • Page 182: Mx+B

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-9 mx+b this math operation lets you manipulate normal display readings (x) mathematically according to the following calculation. Y = mx + b where: x is the normal display reading. M and b are the user-entered ...

  • Page 183: Percent

    5-10 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual mx+b rel the mx+b function can be used to manually establish a rel value. To do this, set the scale factor (m) to 1 and set the offset (b) to the rel value. Each subsequent reading will be the difference bet...

  • Page 184: Reciprocal (1/x)

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-11 reciprocal (1/x) the reciprocal of a reading is displayed when the reciprocal (1/x) math function is enabled: reciprocal = 1/x where: x is the normal input reading the displayed units designator for reciproc...

  • Page 185: Basic Operation

    5-12 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual basic operation note if using switching module inputs, make sure the front panel inputs switch is set to the rear position (in). If using the front panel inputs, the switch must be in the front position (out...

  • Page 186: Remote Programming — Math

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-13 remote programming — math math commands note when measurements are performed, the readings are fed to other enabled processing operations, including math. Appendix d explains “data flow (remote operation),” ...

  • Page 187

    5-14 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual setting mx+b units the parameter for calculate:kmath:munits must be one character enclosed in single or double quotes. It can be any letter of the alphabet, the degrees symbol (°) or the ohms symbol ( Ω). Th...

  • Page 188

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-15 math programming examples example #1 — the following command sequence performs the mx+b calculation for channels 101 and 102 of the model 7700. Keep in mind that after calc:data? Is sent, the model 2700 has ...

  • Page 189: Ratio and Channel Average

    5-16 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ratio and channel average with a switching module installed in the model 2700, the ratio or average of two channels can be calculated and displayed. The ratio calculation can be done on the dcv function, and...

  • Page 190: Basic Operation

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-17 basic operation note make sure the inputs switch is set to the rear position (in). 1. Select and configure (range, filter, rel, etc.) a valid measurement function. For ratio, the only valid function is dcv. ...

  • Page 191

    5-18 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning ratio and channel average can be used in an advanced scan. The 2-channel scan for the calculation is performed for every primary channel that is scanned. For example, assume the model 7700 is instal...

  • Page 192

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-19 remote programming — ratio and channel average ratio and channel average commands the ratio and channel average are listed in table 5-3 . Details on these commands follow the table. Note queries are not incl...

  • Page 193

    5-20 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ratio and channel average programming examples example #1 — the following command sequence performs the ratio calculation using primary channel 102 of the model 7700. After read? Is sent, the model 2700 must...

  • Page 194

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-21 db expressing dc or ac voltage in db makes it possible to compress a large range of mea- surements into a much smaller scope. The relationship between db and voltage is defined by the following equation: whe...

  • Page 195: Remote Programming — Db

    5-22 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — db db commands the db commands are listed in table 5-4 . Details on these commands follow the table. Note queries are not included in table 5-4 . All the db commands are provided in tabl...

  • Page 196

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rel, math, ratio, channel average, db 5-23 programming examples — db example #1 — the following command sequence configures the model 2700 to perform dcv db measurements. A 1v input will be measured as 0db. Note the following example can be run from ...

  • Page 197

    5-24 rel, math, ratio, channel average, db model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 198

    6 buffer • buffer overview — summarizes basic buffer (data store) capabilities. • front panel buffer — explains how to store and recall readings, and discusses the various statistics available on buffer data including minimum and maximum values, average (mean), standard deviation, and peak-to-peak v...

  • Page 199: Buffer Overview

    6-2 buffer model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer overview the model 2700 has a data store (buffer) to store from 2 to 55,000 readings. The instrument stores the readings that are displayed during the storage process. Each timestamped reading includes the buffer location number and...

  • Page 200

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-3 with buffer auto clear disabled, the only two valid buffer size values are 55000 and 000000. Buffer size 000000 clears the buffer. Entering any other buffer size value resets the buffer size to 55000. Note if the buffer is empty when the m...

  • Page 201: Timestamps

    6-4 buffer model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual timestamps each stored reading is referenced to either a real-time clock timestamp or to a relative timestamp. Relative timestamp — with relative selected, there are two timestamp types for each reading: absolute and delta. The absolute ti...

  • Page 202

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-5 configuring timestamp setting time and date for the real-time clock, the time and date is set at the factory. However, you can check and correct the time and date as follows: perform the following steps to set the time: 1. Press shift and ...

  • Page 203: Storing Readings

    6-6 buffer model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual storing readings perform the following steps to store readings: 1. Set up the model 2700 for the desired configuration. 2. Press the store key. 3. Use the , , Δ , and ∇ keys to specify the number of readings to store in the buffer (2 to 55...

  • Page 204

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-7 figure 6-1 recalling buffer data — relative timestamp figure 6-2 recalling buffer data — real-time clock timestamp rdg no. 10 reading value absolute timestamp delta timestamp rdg no. 9 reading value absolute timestamp delta timestamp rdg n...

  • Page 205: Buffer Statistics

    6-8 buffer model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer statistics minimum and maximum this mode displays the minimum and maximum readings stored in the buffer. The buffer location number and timestamp are also provided for these readings. Peak-to-peak this mode displays the peak-to-peak...

  • Page 206: Buffer Commands

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-9 remote programming — buffer note when readings are stored in the buffer by the trace command (or by front panel data store operation), init and multi-sample read? Queries are locked out. With readings in the buffer that were stored in that...

  • Page 207

    6-10 buffer model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual a. System:time set clock time use to set the clock time in the 24-hour format (hr/min/sec). Seconds can be set to 0.01 sec resolution. Examples: syst:time 13, 23, 36 'set time to 1:23:36 pm. Syst:time 3, 25, 28.5 'set time to 3:25:28.5 am...

  • Page 210

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual buffer 6-13 j. Trace:data:selected? , specify readings to return trace:next? Query location of last buffer reading use the trace:data:selected? Command to specify which stored readings to return. The parameter specifies the first stored reading to re...

  • Page 211

    6-14 buffer model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual l. Format:elements select elements for trace:data? = reading, channel, units, rnumber, tstamp the data returned by trace:data? Can include from one to all five data elements shown in the above item list. For example, if you want the units...

  • Page 213

    6-16 buffer model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 214

    7 scanning • scanning fundamentals — explains channel assignments (slot/channel programming format), the difference between sequential and non-sequential scans, and the basic scan process. Block diagrams (known as trigger models) are provided to help explain the step and scan operations. • scan conf...

  • Page 215: Scanning Fundamentals

    7-2 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning fundamentals the model 2700 can scan the channels of up to five installed keithley switching modules. Each scan channel can have its own unique setup. Aspects of operation that can be uniquely set for each channel include functi...

  • Page 216: Channel Assignments

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-3 channel assignments a switching module has a certain number of channels. For example, the model 7700 switching module has 22 channels (1 through 22). When you encounter a 1 or 2-digit channel number in this manual, the switching module c...

  • Page 217: Scan Process

    7-4 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scan process basic scan — for functions that use 2-wire measurements, the basic scan process is to (1) open any closed channel, (2) close a channel, and then (3) perform the measurement. This 3-step process is repeated for each channel i...

  • Page 218

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-5 note the trigger model in figure 7-2 also applies for bus operation. See “remote programming — scanning,” page 7-26 , for differences between front panel and remote scanning. For the following discussion, refer to figure 7-1 for step ope...

  • Page 219

    7-6 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 7-2 trigger model with scan function enable scan control source immediate external timer manual* bus* event detection another scan? Trigger counter yes no close first chan in list open last chan close next chan in list ratio/chan ...

  • Page 220

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-7 step operation overview — when the step key is pressed, the model 2700 leaves the idle state, closes the first channel, and waits for the programmed trigger event. After the trigger is detected, the instrument may be subjected to one or ...

  • Page 221

    7-8 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual immediate control source with immediate triggering, event detection is immediate allowing channels to be scanned. Timer control source with the timer source enabled (selected), event detection is immediately satisfied. On the initial pas...

  • Page 222

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-9 the auto delay period cannot be adjusted by the user. It is a fixed delay for the selected function and range ( table 8-1 ). Note when scanning, the auto delay times in table 8-1 are valid for all control sources (immediate, external, ti...

  • Page 223: Scan Configuration

    7-10 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scan operation — when a scan is started, one or more complete scans will be performed. The number of channels in the scan list determines the number of channels for each scan. The reading count determines the number of scans to perform ...

  • Page 224

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-11 figure 7-3 scan configuration flowchart note the instrument is always configured to run a scan. On power-up, each available channel uses the power-on default setup. For example, for factory power-on default settings, and two model 7700s...

  • Page 225

    7-12 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual hold — reading hold cannot be used with scanning. Do not set up a scan channel to use hold and do not run a scan with hold enabled. Note when in the scan setup menu, use the edit keys (, , Δ , and ∇ ) to make selections and set values. ...

  • Page 226: Scan Reset

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-13 scan reset from the scan configuration menu, you can reset the scan configuration to the default setup for a simple scan. For the model 7700 switching module, channels 21 and 22 are turned off (not used), and channels 1 through 20 are c...

  • Page 227: Advanced Scan

    7-14 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 7. If you enabled the timer, set the timer interval using the hour/minute/second format. The timer can be set from 0.001 sec (00h:00m:00.001s) to 99 hrs, 99 min, 99.999 sec (99h:99m:99.999s). Note that pressing the auto key sets the tim...

  • Page 228

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-15 advanced scan setup notes 1. The chan annunciator is on while in the scan setup menu. 2. For some channel-specific setups, you have to configure them from a menu. For example, to set up and enable mx+b, you have to use math menu. While ...

  • Page 229

    7-16 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual advanced scan setup procedure step 1: select the advanced scan configuration menu 1. Press shift and then config to access the scan setup menu. 2. Press the Δ or ∇ key to display int: advanced and press enter. Step 2: edit scan channels...

  • Page 230

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-17 step 3: enable immediate scan the present state of immediate scan (imm scan) is displayed; y (yes, which is the factory and *rst default) or n (no). With immediate scan enabled, the scan will start when you press the step or scan key. U...

  • Page 231: Setting Delay

    7-18 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual setting delay as shown in figure 7-1 and figure 7-2 , a delay (auto or manual) can be set by the user. With auto delay selected, the delay period depends on function and range ( table 8-1 ). With manual delay selected, the delay period ...

  • Page 232

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-19 monitor can be used with limit testing to trigger the start of a scan. When the monitor detects that a set reading limit has been reached, the scan is triggered to start. The detailed procedure to perform a monitor scan is provided in “...

  • Page 233: Auto Channel Configuration

    7-20 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual auto channel configuration auto channel configuration allows you to recall scan list setups. With auto channel configuration enabled, a closed channel assumes the scan list setup. With this feature, you can inspect the channel setups of...

  • Page 234: Saving Setup

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-21 saving setup up to four instrument setups can be saved in memory using the shift > save menu (sav0, sav1, sav2, or sav3). A user-saved setup can also be used as the power-on setup. A user-saved setup can be restored from the shift > set...

  • Page 235: Scan Operation

    7-22 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scan operation a basic scan is controlled solely by the step and scan keys. When one of these keys is pressed, the step or scan operation will be performed. For the manual/external trigger scan, the trig key or triggers received from an...

  • Page 236: Manual/external Trigger Scan

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-23 manual/external trigger scan the only difference between a manual/external trigger scan and the basic scan is control. The basic scan runs as soon as the step or scan key is pressed. The manual/external trigger scan is controlled by the...

  • Page 237

    7-24 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual monitor scan (analog trigger) a channel can be assigned as a monitor channel. When the monitor channel detects that a reading limit has been reached, the scan will be triggered to start. There are four reading limits that can be used to...

  • Page 238

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-25 2. Press the Δ or ∇ key to display imm scan: n and press enter. A. Press the Δ or ∇ key to enable or disable low limit 1 (llim1 scan:n/y), and press enter. B. Press the Δ or ∇ key to enable or disable high limit 1 (hlim1 scan:n/y), and ...

  • Page 239: Trigger Model

    7-26 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote programming — scanning note scanning examples (remote programming and front panel operation) are provided at the end of this section. Trigger model the trigger model for bus operation is shown in figure 7-2 . Bus operation is sim...

  • Page 240: Channel Setup

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-27 channel setup the parameter is used to set up scan channels. For example, the following examples show how to set up scan channel 101: func 'volt', (@101) ' set 101 for dcv. Volt:rang 10, (@101) ' set 101 for 10v range. Volt:dig 4.5, (@1...

  • Page 241

    7-28 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 7-1 scanning commands commands description default ref scan commands route:scan specify list of channels to be scanned. A route:scan? Returns list of channels to be scanned. Route:scan:tsource select trigger(s) to start scan; = im...

  • Page 242

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-29 commands description default ref trigger commands trigger:source select control source; = immediate, timer, manual, bus, or external. Imm trigger:timer set timer interval in sec; = 0.001 to 999999.999. 0.1 trigger:count set trigger coun...

  • Page 243

    7-30 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual reference a. Route:scan — channels will be scanned in the order that they are listed. The following example shows the proper format for specifying channels in a scan list for a sequential scan: rout:scan (@101:110,201,204,206) for the a...

  • Page 244

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-31 for the 4-wire resistance function, channels 101through 110 will be paired to channels 111 through 120. Rout:scan? Returns the following scan list: (@101:110) now assume the scan is returned to dcv function as follows: sens:func 'volt',...

  • Page 245: Scanning Programming Example

    7-32 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual e. Sample:count and trigger:count — sample count specifies the number of readings to scan and store in the buffer, while the trigger count specifies the number of scans to perform. If the sample count is greater than the number of chann...

  • Page 246: Scanning Examples

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-33 scanning examples the following scanning examples assume that the model 7700 switching module is installed in slot 1 of the mainframe. Tables are used for the procedure steps to configure and run scan examples. The left side of the tabl...

  • Page 247

    7-34 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual operation a simplified model of external trigger scan operation is shown in figure 7-4 , while the procedure steps and programming commands are listed in table 7-2 . As shown in the operation model, when the scan is enabled, channel 101...

  • Page 248

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-35 table 7-2 external trigger scan example front panel operation remote programming 1 restore defaults: restore defaults (shift setup > restore: fact). *rst 2 for front panel operation, proceed to step 3. For remote programming, clear buff...

  • Page 249: Monitor Scan

    7-36 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual monitor scan for this example, channel 101 of the model 7700 is used to monitor temperature. When the temperature reading reaches 30°c, it will start the scan. For this 4-channel scan, channel 101 measures temperature, while channels 10...

  • Page 250

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning 7-37 figure 7-5 monitor scan example ≥30˚c ? 4 measurements ? Measure temp close monitor channel (101) no yes measure open last chan close next chan close first channel return to monitor mode no yes scan monitor mode: scan mode:.

  • Page 251

    7-38 scanning model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 7-3 monitor scan example front panel operation remote programming 1 restore defaults (shift setup > restore: fact). Syst:pres 2 for front panel operation, proceed to step 3. For remote programming, clear the buffer: trac:cle 3 con...

  • Page 252

    8 triggering • trigger model — explains the various components of the front panel trigger model, which controls the triggering operations of the instrument. • reading hold — explains the reading hold feature which is used to screen out readings that are not within a specified reading window. • exter...

  • Page 253: Trigger Model

    8-2 triggering model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual trigger model the flow chart in figure 8-1 summarizes triggering as viewed from the front panel. It is called a trigger model because it is modeled after the scpi commands used to control triggering. Note for scanning, the trigger mode...

  • Page 254: Idle

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-3 idle when not scanning and in the continuous trigger mode (factory default setup), the instrument will not stay in idle. Operation will continuously fall through the idle state and proceed to the event detection block of the trigger mo...

  • Page 255: Delay (Auto Or Manual)

    8-4 triggering model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual delay (auto or manual) a programmable delay is available after event detection. It can be set manually or an auto delay can be used. With auto delay selected, the instrument automatically selects a delay period that will provide suffic...

  • Page 256: Device Action

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-5 if manual is chosen, also enter the duration of the delay in the hour/minute/second format using the , , Δ , and ∇ keys. The maximum is 99h:99m:99.999s:. Note that pressing the auto key sets the delay to 0.001 sec. Press enter to accep...

  • Page 257: Output Trigger

    8-6 triggering model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual output trigger after the device action, an output trigger occurs and is available at the rear panel trigger link connector. This trigger can be used to trigger another instrument to perform an operation (e.G., select the next channel f...

  • Page 258: External Triggering

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-7 beeper control the beeper for hold can be enabled or disabled from the output menu as follows: 1. Press shift and then output. 2. Use the Δ or ∇ key to display the present beeper (beep) state; never, outside, or inside. 3. Perform step...

  • Page 259: External Trigger

    8-8 triggering model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 8-3 trig link pinout external trigger the ext trig input requires a falling-edge, ttl-compatible pulse with the specifications shown in figure 8-4 . In general, external triggers can be used to control measure operations. For th...

  • Page 260: Voltmeter Complete

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-9 voltmeter complete the vmc output provides a ttl-compatible output pulse that can be used to trigger other instruments. The specifications for this trigger pulse are shown in figure 8-5 . Typically, you would want the model 2700 to out...

  • Page 261: External Triggering Example

    8-10 triggering model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual external triggering example for a test system that requires a large number of switching channels, the model 2700 can be used with external scanners such as the keithley models 7001 and 7002. For example, 10 model 7011s installed in th...

  • Page 262

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-11 for this example, the models 2700 and 7002 are configured as follows: model 2700 factory defaults restored (accessed from shift-setup) external triggers (accessed from ex trig) buffer enabled and set to store 400 readings model 7002 f...

  • Page 263

    8-12 triggering model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 1. Press ex trig to place the model 2700 in the external trigger mode. 2. Press step on the model 7002 to take it out of idle and start the scan. The scanner’s output pulse triggers the model 2700 to take a reading, store it, and send...

  • Page 264

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-13 d. After the relay settles, the model 7002 outputs a channel ready pulse. Since the instrument is programmed to scan 400 channels, operation loops back up to point b, where it waits for an input trigger. E & f. Model 2700 operation is...

  • Page 265

    8-14 triggering model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 8-9 din to bnc trigger cable remote programming — triggering trigger model (remote operation) the following paragraphs describe how the model 2700 operates for remote operation. The flow chart in figure 8-10 summarizes operatio...

  • Page 266

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-15 • *rst what happens next depends on the state of initiation. If continuous initiation is already enabled, the instrument will leave the idle state. System:preset enables continuous initiation. Therefore, operation will immediately lea...

  • Page 267

    8-16 triggering model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 8-10 trigger model (remote operation) control source event detection no start :init (:imm) or :init:cont on ? Yes :abort *rcl 0 :syst:pres *rst :init (:imm) or :init:cont on ? No yes idle and initiate :trigger:source immediate ...

  • Page 268: Trigger Model Operation

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-17 trigger model operation once the instrument is taken out of idle, operation proceeds through the trigger model down to the device action. In general, the device action includes a measurement and, when scanning, closes the next channel...

  • Page 269: Triggering Commands

    8-18 triggering model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual output trigger — the model 2700 will send one or more output triggers. The output trigger is applied to the trigger link connector on the rear panel. It can be used to trigger an external instrument to perform an operation. The trigge...

  • Page 270

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual triggering 8-19 reference a. Abort — with continuous initiation disabled, the 2700 goes into the idle state. With continuous initiation enabled, operation continues at the top of the trigger model. B. Initiate — whenever the instrument is operating w...

  • Page 271: Programming Example

    8-20 triggering model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual programming example the following program fragment triggers (and stores in the buffer) 10 readings. Note that in order to send the readings to the computer, you must address the model 2700 to talk after sending read?. *rst ' restore *...

  • Page 272

    9 limits and digital i/o • limits — explains how to perform limit tests on measured readings. • digital i/o — covers the digital i/o port. Explains how the five digital outputs respond to the results of limit tests. • remote programming — limits and digital output — summarizes the commands to perfor...

  • Page 273: Limits

    9-2 limits and digital i/o model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits note limits cannot be used with the cont function. When using limits, you can set and control the values that determine the high/in/low status of subsequent measurements. The limit test is performed on the result of ...

  • Page 274

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-3 overflow readings — a reading that exceeds the present measurement range causes the “ovrflw” message to be displayed. The “in,” “1,” and “2” messages are not displayed while in the overflow condition. The high annunciator w...

  • Page 275: Scanning

    9-4 limits and digital i/o model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scanning when a simple scan is configured, the present limit values and state will apply to all channels in the scan. When an advanced scan is configured, each channel can have its own unique limits configuration. Details t...

  • Page 276: Digital I/o

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-5 digital i/o model 2700’s digital i/o port is accessed at a male db-9 connector located on the rear panel. The connector location and pin designations are shown in figure 9-2 . Figure 9-2 digital i/o port digital input (trig...

  • Page 277: Digital Outputs

    9-6 limits and digital i/o model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual digital outputs the digital i/o port has five digital outputs. Each digital output can be used as a sink to control devices (e.G., relays), or as a source to provide input to external logic (ttl or cmos) circuitry. The simp...

  • Page 278

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-7 when a limit (lo1, hi2, lo2, hl2) is reached, the digital output line for that limit will be pulled high or low. When a reading is within the limit, the output line is released. Digital output 5 is the logical or of the fou...

  • Page 279

    9-8 limits and digital i/o model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual sink mode — controlling external devices each output can be operated from an external supply (voltage range from +5v to +33v applied through the external device being driven). The high current sink capacity of the output dr...

  • Page 280

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-9 figure 9-4 controlling externally powered relays 4.75k pull up resistor pin 9 - digital ground digital output pin 7 - diode clamp relay coil relay coil + + - - external power (+5v to +33v) external power (+5v to +33v) model...

  • Page 281: Setting Digital Output

    9-10 limits and digital i/o model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual source mode — logic control the digital outputs can be used as logic inputs to active ttl, low-power ttl, or cmos inputs. For this mode of operation, the output lines can source up to 200µa. Caution each output line can so...

  • Page 282

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-11 note the factory default pulse time is 2ms maximum. Using remote programming, pulse time can be set from 0.001 to 99999.999 sec. It cannot be set from the front panel. • lsense — use to select the logic sense: active high ...

  • Page 283: Scanning

    9-12 limits and digital i/o model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual 8. To retain the present pulse mode setting, press enter. Otherwise, press to move the cursor to the right, press Δ or ∇ key to display “no” or “yes,” and press enter. Scanning while limits can be configured on a per scan ...

  • Page 284

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-13 note when measurements are performed, the readings are fed to other enabled operations, including limits. Appendix d explains “ data flow (remote operation) ” and the commands used to read the result of limit tests. Refere...

  • Page 285

    9-14 limits and digital i/o model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual b. Calculate3:limit1:fail? Calculate3:limit2:fail? These commands are used to query the results of limit 1 and limit 2: 0 = passing (reading within the high and low limits) 1 = failing (reading has reached or exceeded the ...

  • Page 286: Limits

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-15 application — sorting resistors for this application, the idea is to sort a batch of 100 Ω resistors into three bins. Bin 1 is for resistors that are within 1% of the nominal value. Bin 2 is for resistors that exceed 1% to...

  • Page 287

    9-16 limits and digital i/o model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limit 1 will be used to test for the 1% tolerance and limit 2 will be used to test for the 5% tolerance. The resistance values for the 1% and 5% tolerances are calculated as follows: r 1% = 100 Ω × 1% r 5% = 100 Ω × 5% = 1...

  • Page 288: Digital Outputs

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual limits and digital i/o 9-17 remote operation — for remote operation, make sure both limit 1 and limit 2 are enabled. The following table evaluates the three possible pass/fail combinations for this example. Keep in mind that a fail condition must be ...

  • Page 289

    9-18 limits and digital i/o model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 290

    10 remote operations • operation enhancements — summarizes some of the more important operations that can only be performed using remote operation. • gpib setup — covers gpib bus standards, selecting the gpib, primary address selection, and bus connections. • general bus commands — describes general...

  • Page 291: Operation Enhancements

    10-2 remote operations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual operation enhancements there are some operations you can do over the ieee-488 bus and rs-232 interface that you cannot do from the front panel. The more important ones are summarized below. Pseudocards using remote operation, y...

  • Page 292: Separate Function Setups

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-3 separate function setups a few settings from the front panel are global. That is, the setting on one function also applies to the other functions. For example, if you set dcv for 3h digits, all the other func- tions will also b...

  • Page 293: Gpib Setup

    10-4 remote operations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual gpib setup the following provides information about gpib standards, selecting the gpib, setting the primary address, and bus connections. Gpib standards the gpib is the ieee-488 instrumentation data bus with hardware and progra...

  • Page 294: Gpib Connections

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-5 gpib connections to connect the model 2700 to the gpib bus, use a cable equipped with standard ieee-488 connectors as shown in figure 10-1 . Figure 10-1 ieee-488 connector to allow many parallel connections to one instrument, s...

  • Page 295

    10-6 remote operations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure 10-2 shows a typical connecting scheme for a multi-unit test system. Figure 10-2 ieee-488 connections to avoid possible mechanical damage, stack no more than three connectors on any one unit. Note to minimize interferenc...

  • Page 296

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-7 to connect the model 2700 to the ieee-488 bus, follow these steps: 1. Line up the cable connector with the connector located on the rear panel. The connector is designed so it will fit only one way. Figure 10-3 shows the locati...

  • Page 297: General Bus Commands

    10-8 remote operations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual general bus commands general commands are those commands, such as dcl, that have the same general mean- ing regardless of the instrument. Table 10-1 lists the general bus commands. Ren (remote enable) the remote enable command ...

  • Page 298: Llo (Local Lockout)

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-9 llo (local lockout) use the llo command to prevent local operation of the instrument. After the unit receives llo, all of its front panel controls except output off are inoperative. In this state, pressing local will not restor...

  • Page 299: Front Panel Gpib Operation

    10-10 remote operations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual front panel gpib operation this section describes aspects of the front panel that are part of gpib operation, including messages, status indicators, and the local key. Error and status messages see appendix c for a list of err...

  • Page 300: Local Key

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-11 srq you can program the instrument to generate a service request (srq) when one or more errors or conditions occur. When this indicator is on, a service request has been generated. This indicator stays on until the serial poll...

  • Page 301

    10-12 remote operations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual these brackets indicate that immediate is implied (optional) and does not have to be used. Thus, the above command can be sent in one of two ways: initiate or initiate:immediate notice that the optional command is used without...

  • Page 302: Query Commands

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-13 angle brackets angle brackets () are used to denote a parameter type. Do not include the brackets in the program message. For example: ratio the indicates a boolean-type parameter is required. Therefore, to enable channel rati...

  • Page 303: Short-Form Rules

    10-14 remote operations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual long-form and short-form versions an scpi command word can be sent in its long-form or short-form version. The command subsystem tables in section 15 provide the long-form version. However, the short-form version is indicated ...

  • Page 304: Program Messages

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-15 program messages a program message is made up of one or more command words sent by the computer to the instrument. Each common command is a three letter acronym preceded by an asterisk (*). Scpi commands are categorized in the...

  • Page 305

    10-16 remote operations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual command path rules • each new program message must begin with the root command, unless it is optional (e.G., [sense]). If the root is optional, simply treat a command word on the next level as the root. For fastest operation, ...

  • Page 306: Response Messages

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-17 response messages a response message is the message sent by the instrument to the computer in response to a query command program message. Sending a response message after sending a query command, the response message is place...

  • Page 307: Rs-232 Interface Operation

    10-18 remote operations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rs-232 interface operation sending and receiving data the rs-232 interface transfers data using eight data bits, one stop bit, and no parity. Make sure the controller you connect to the multimeter also uses these settings. You...

  • Page 308: Terminator

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-19 signal handshaking (flow control) signal handshaking between the controller and the instrument allows the two devices to communicate to each other regarding being ready or not ready to receive data. The model 2700 does not sup...

  • Page 309: Rs-232 Connections

    10-20 remote operations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual selecting and configuring rs-232 interface after selecting (enabling) the rs-232 interface, you will then set the baud rate, flow control, and terminator. 1. Press the shift key and then the rs-232 key. The rs 232 on or rs 232...

  • Page 310

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual remote operations 10-21 figure 10-4 rs-232 interface connector 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 rear panel connector.

  • Page 311: Error Messages

    10-22 remote operations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 10-3 provides pinout identification for the 9-pin (db-9) or 25-pin (db-25) serial port connector on the computer (pc). Error messages see appendix c for rs-232 error messages (+800 through +808). Table 10-2 rs-232 connec...

  • Page 312

    11 status structure • overview — provides an operational overview of the status structure for the model 2700. • clearing registers and queues — covers the actions that clear (reset) registers and queues. • programming and reading registers — explains how to program enable registers and read any regi...

  • Page 313: Overview

    11-2 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual overview the model 2700 provides a series of status registers and queues allowing the operator to monitor and manipulate the various instrument events. The status structure is shown in figure 11-1 . The heart of the status struc...

  • Page 314

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-3 figure 11-1 model 2700 status register structure (always zero) logical or (always zero) idle state status byte register logical or *stb? *sre / *sre? Master summary status (mss) msb = measurement summary bit eav = error availabl...

  • Page 315

    11-4 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual clearing registers and queues when the model 2700 is turned on, the bits of all registers in the status structure are cleared (reset to 0), and the two queues are empty. Commands to reset the event and event enable registers, an...

  • Page 316: Programming Enable Registers

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-5 programming and reading registers programming enable registers the only registers that can be programmed by the user are the enable registers. All other registers in the status structure are read-only registers. The following ex...

  • Page 317: Reading Registers

    11-6 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual reading registers any register in the status structure can be read by using the appropriate query (?) com- mand. The following explains how to interpret the returned value (response message). The actual query commands are covere...

  • Page 318: Status Byte Register

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-7 status byte register the summary messages from the status registers and queues are used to set or clear the appropriate bits (b0, b2, b3, b4, b5, and b7) of the status byte register. These summary bits do not latch, and their st...

  • Page 319: Serial Polling and Srq

    11-8 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual service request enable register the generation of a service request is controlled by the service request enable register. This register is programmed by you and is used to enable or disable the setting of bit b6 (rqs/mss) by the...

  • Page 320

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-9 status byte and service request commands the commands to program and read the status byte register and service request enable register are listed in table 11-2 . For details on programming and reading registers, see “programming...

  • Page 321

    11-10 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual serial poll programming example this example is written specifically for the kpci-488.2 gpib card and quickbasic/ visualbasic with the appropriate ieee libraries. Other types of cards and/or languages may have different functio...

  • Page 322

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-11 ' $include: 'ieeeqb.Bi' cls ' clear pc output screen. Const addr = 16 ' set instrument address. ' ' init gpib. ' call initialize(21, 0) call transmit("unt unl listen " + str$(addr) + " sdc unl", status%)' send device clear. Cal...

  • Page 323: Status Register Sets

    11-12 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status register sets as shown in figure 11-1 , there are four status register sets in the status structure of the model 2700: standard event status, operation event status, measurement event status, and questionable event statu...

  • Page 324

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-13 • bit b1 — not used. • bit b2, query error (qye) — set bit indicates that you attempted to read data from an empty output queue. • bit b3, device-dependent error (dde) — set bit indicates that an instrument operation did not ex...

  • Page 325

    11-14 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual operation event register the bits of the operation event register ( figure 11-5 ) are described as follows: • bits b0 through b3 — not used. • bit b4, measuring (meas) — set bit indicates that the instrument is performing a mea...

  • Page 326

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-15 measurement event register the used bits of the measurement event register ( figure 11-6 ) are described as follows: • bit b0, reading overflow (rof) — set bit indicates that the reading exceeds the measurement range of the ins...

  • Page 327

    11-16 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual • bit b13, buffer three-quarter full (btf) — set bit indicates that the trace buffer is three-quarters full. • bit b14, master limit (ml) — set bit indicates that one or more of the other limits have been reached or exceeded. •...

  • Page 328

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-17 questionable event register the used bits of the questionable event register ( figure 11-7 ) are described as follows: • bits b0 through b3 — not used. • bit b4, temperature summary (temp) — set bit indicates that an invalid re...

  • Page 329: Condition Registers

    11-18 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual condition registers as figure 11-1 shows, each status register set (except the standard event register set) has a condition register. A condition register is a real-time, read-only register that constantly updates to reflect th...

  • Page 330: Event Enable Registers

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-19 event enable registers as figure 11-1 shows, each status register set has an enable register. Each event register bit is logically anded (&) to a corresponding enable bit of an enable register. Therefore, when an event bit is s...

  • Page 331

    11-20 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual programming examples example 1 – program and read a register set note the following example can be run from the ke2700 instrument driver using the example named “prmr” in table h-1 of appendix h . The following command sequence...

  • Page 332

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-21 as shown in the above result for the and operation, when b0 is set, your program routine will generate a “1” to indicate that rav is set. If b0 is not set (0), the and operation will result in “0” to indicate that rav is not se...

  • Page 333: Queues

    11-22 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual queues the model 2700 uses two queues, which are first-in, first-out (fifo) registers: • output queue — used to hold reading and response messages. • error queue — used to hold error and status messages. The model 2700 status m...

  • Page 334

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status structure 11-23 on power-up, all error messages are enabled and will go into the error queue as they occur. Status messages are not enabled and will not go into the queue. As listed in table 11-6 , there are commands to enable and/or disable m...

  • Page 335

    11-24 status structure model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 336

    12 common commands.

  • Page 337

    12-2 common commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual common commands (summarized in table 12-1 ) are device commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and defined by the ieee-488.2 standard. Table 12-1 ieee-488.2 common commands and queries mn...

  • Page 338

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual common commands 12-3 a *idn? — identification query reads identification code the identification code includes the manufacturer, model number, serial number, and firmware revision levels and is sent in the following format: keithley instruments inc.,...

  • Page 339

    12-4 common commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual after addressing the model 2700 to talk, the returned value of 1 denotes that the bit (bit 1) is set indicating that the :initiate operation is now complete. Syst:pres ‘ returns 2700 to default setup. Note the following commands ...

  • Page 340

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual common commands 12-5 programming example – the following command sequence demonstrates how to use *opc? To signal the end of a measurement process: note the following example can be run from the ke2700 instrument driver using the example named “sopc”...

  • Page 341

    12-6 common commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual d *opt? — option query query installed switching modules use this query command to determine which switching modules are installed in the model 2700. For example, if a model 7703 is installed in slot 1, and the other slot is empt...

  • Page 342

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual common commands 12-7 f *rst — reset return model 2700 to rst defaults when the *rst command is sent, model 2700 performs the following operations: 1. Returns model 2700 to the rst default conditions (see “default” column of scpi tables). 2. Cancels a...

  • Page 343

    12-8 common commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual i *wai — wait-to-continue prevent execution of commands until previous commands are completed description two types of device commands exist: • sequential commands – a command whose operations are allowed to finish before the nex...

  • Page 344

    13 scpi signal oriented measurement commands.

  • Page 345

    13-2 scpi signal oriented commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual the signal oriented measurement commands are used to acquire readings. You can use these high level instructions to control the measurement process. These commands are summarized in table 13-1 . Note when measuremen...

  • Page 346

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi signal oriented commands 13-3 notes the configure: and measure:? Commands can be sent without any of the optional parameters (, , ). For details, see the “description” for the configure and measure commands. When using the parameter, it is inter...

  • Page 347: Configure:  [], [], []

    13-4 scpi signal oriented commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual configure: [], [], [] configure:voltage[:dc] [], [], [] configure dcv configure:voltage:ac [], [], [] configure acv configure:current[:dc] [], [], [] configure dci configure:current:ac [], [], [] configure aci confi...

  • Page 348

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi signal oriented commands 13-5 query configure? Query the selected function. Description included — when the parameter is included with configure command, the specified channel(s) for the scanlist assumes the *rst default settings for the specifi...

  • Page 349: Fetch?

    13-6 scpi signal oriented commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual fetch? Description this command requests the latest post-processed reading. After sending this command and addressing the model 2700 to talk, the reading is sent to the computer. This command does not affect the ins...

  • Page 350: Read?

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi signal oriented commands 13-7 read? Description this command is typically used with the instrument in the “one-shot” measurement mode to trigger and acquire a specified number of read- ings. The sample:count command is used to specify the number...

  • Page 351: Measure:?  [], [], []

    13-8 scpi signal oriented commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual measure:? [], [], [] measure:voltage[:dc]? [], [], [] measure dcv measure:voltage:ac? [], [], [] measure acv measure:current[:dc]? [], [], [] measure dci measure:current:ac? [], [], [] measure aci measure:resistance...

  • Page 352

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi signal oriented commands 13-9 depending on the specified resolution, the measurement rate is set as follows: 6h-digits nplc = 1.0 medium 5h-digits nplc = 0.1 fast 3h or 4h-digits nplc = 0.01 >fast if resolution is not specified, 6h-digit resolut...

  • Page 353

    13-10 scpi signal oriented commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 354

    14 format and miscellaneous system commands • format commands — covers the scpi commands to configure the format that readings are sent over the bus. • miscellaneous system commands — covers miscellaneous system commands..

  • Page 355: Format Commands

    14-2 format and misc system commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual format commands the commands in this subsystem are used to select the format for transferring data, table 14-1 , over the bus. Format[:data] [,] parameters ascii = ascii format sreal = binary ieee-754 single preci...

  • Page 356

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual format and misc system commands 14-3 ascii data format the ascii data format is in a direct readable form for the operator. Most programming languages easily convert ascii mantissa and exponent to other formats. However, some speed is compromised to ...

  • Page 357

    14-4 format and misc system commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-754 binary formats binary data from the instrument can be returned using the single precision format or the double precision format. The data can be returned in the normal byte order or the swapped (reversed)...

  • Page 358

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual format and misc system commands 14-5 figure 14-2 ieee-754 data formats measure conversion #1 measure conversion #2 measure conversion #10 s 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 e f byte 1 byte 2 byte 3 byte 4 s = sign bit (0 = positive, 1 = negative) e = exponent bits (8...

  • Page 359: Format:elements

    14-6 format and misc system commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual format:elements parameters reading = dmm reading units = units tstamp = timestamp rnumber = reading number channel = channel number limits = limits reading the specified elements are included in the data string in...

  • Page 360: Format:border

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual format and misc system commands 14-7 limits — for the ascii data format, limit test results are returned as a 4-bit binary number “abcd” where: a = high limit 2 b = low limit 2 c = high limit 1 d = low limit 1 a “0” indicates that the limit has passe...

  • Page 361: System:preset

    14-8 format and misc system commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual miscellaneous system commands system commands not covered in other sections of the manual are documented here. Table 15-7 lists all system commands and provides references on where to find more information. System...

  • Page 362: System:beeper[:state]

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual format and misc system commands 14-9 this command is used to simulate front panel key presses. For example, to select the volts measurement function, send the following command to simulate pressing the “dcv” key: system:key 2. The key-press codes are...

  • Page 363

    14-10 format and misc system commands model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 364

    15 scpi reference tables.

  • Page 365: Reference Tables

    15-2 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual reference tables table 15-1 through table 15-10 summarize the commands to operate the model 2700 and model 7700 switching module. Note the commands listed in the following tables pertain to operation of the model 2700 and t...

  • Page 366

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-3 table 15-1 calculate command summary command description default parameter ref scpi calculate[1] subsystem to control calc 1: sec 5 ✓ :format [] select math format (none, mxb, percent, or reciprocal). Percent ✓ :format? [] ...

  • Page 367

    15-4 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual calculate3 subsystem to control calc 3 (limit test): sec 9 ✓ :mlimit path for master limit command: :latched enable or disable master limit latch. Off :output path for limit output commands: [:state] enable or disable limit...

  • Page 368

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-5 calculate3 :limit2 path to control limit 2 test: ✓ :upper path to configure upper limit: ✓ [:data] [, ] set upper limit (-4294967295 to +4294967295). 2 ✓ [:data]? [] query upper limit. ✓ :lower path to configure lower limit...

  • Page 369

    15-6 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 15-2 display command summary command description default parameter ref scpi display (see note) sec 1 [:window[1]] ✓ :text path to control user text messages. ✓ :data ascii message “a” (up to 12 characters). (none) ✓ :...

  • Page 370

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-7 table 15-4 route command summary command description default parameter ref scpi route :monitor specify one channel to be monitored. Sec 7 :state enable or disable channel monitoring. Off :state? Query state of channel monit...

  • Page 371

    15-8 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual route :multiple path to control multiple channels: sec 2 :open open channel(s) specified in list. Unlisted channels not affected. :close close channel(s) specified in list 4 . Unlisted channels not affected. :state? Query c...

  • Page 372

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-9 table 15-5 sense command summary command description default parameter ref scpi [sense[1]] :function [, ] select function: ‘voltage[:dc]’, ‘voltage :ac’, ‘current[:dc]’, ‘current:ac’, ‘resistance’, ‘fresistance’, ‘temperatu...

  • Page 373

    15-10 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual [sense[1]] :voltage[:dc] path to configure dc voltage. Sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz; 1.67e-4 to 1, 50hz; 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :nplcycles ...

  • Page 374

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-11 [sense[1]] :voltage:ac path to configure ac voltage. Sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz; 1.67e-4 to 1, 50hz; 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :nplcycles [,...

  • Page 375

    15-12 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual [sense[1]] :current[:dc] path to configure dc current. Sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz; 1.67e-4 to 1, 50hz; 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :nplcycles ...

  • Page 376

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-13 [sense[1]] :current:ac path to configure ac current. Sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz; 1.67e-4 to 1, 50hz; 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :nplcycles [,...

  • Page 377

    15-14 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual [sense[1]] :resistance path to configure resistance. Sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz; 1.67e-4 to 1, 50hz; 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :nplcycles [,...

  • Page 378

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-15 [sense[1]] :fresistance path to configure four-wire resistance. Sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz; 1.67e-4 to 1, 50hz; 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :n...

  • Page 379

    15-16 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual [sense[1]] :temperature path to configure temperature: sec 3 ✓ :aperture [, ] set integration rate in seconds (60hz; 1.67e-4 to 1, 50hz; 2e-4 to 1). (note 2) sec 4 :aperture? [] query aperture integration rate. :nplcycles ...

  • Page 380

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-17 [sense[1]] :temperature :tcouple path to configure thermocouple: 5 sec 3 :type [, ] select t/c type (j, k, t, e, r, s, b, n). K :type? [] query t/c type. :odetect enable or disable t/c open detector. Off :odetect? Query st...

  • Page 381

    15-18 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual [sense[1]] :frequency path to configure frequency. Sec 3 :aperture [, ] sets gate time for frequency measurements in seconds (0.01 to 1.0). 1.0 sec 4 :aperture? [] query frequency gate time. :digits [, ] specify measuremen...

  • Page 382

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-19 [sense[1]] :continuity path to configure continuity test: sec 3 :threshold set threshold resistance in ohms (1 to 1000). 10 :threshold? Query threshold resistance. Notes: 1. Caverage:delay and ratio:delay are coupled. Chan...

  • Page 383

    15-20 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 15-6 status command summary command description default parameter ref scpi status (note 1) sec 11 ✓ :measurement path to control measurement event registers: [:event]? Read the event register. (note 2) :enable progra...

  • Page 384

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-21 table 15-7 system command summary command description default parameter ref scpi system :preset return to :syst:pres defaults. Sec 14 ✓ :posetup select power-on setup: (rst, preset, sav0, sav1, sav2, or sav3). Sec 1 :poset...

  • Page 385

    15-22 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual system :cardx [:start]? Request lowest numbered volts/2-wire channel (usually 1); 0 = voltage measurements not supported. :end? Request highest numbered volts/2-wire channel. 0 = voltage measurements not supported. :achann...

  • Page 386

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-23 system :cardx :banks? For “single no-open” card, query number of banks. If not “single no-open” type, error -221 (settings conflict) results. :swopen? Query whether card is “single with-open” type (i.E., 7711): 1 = yes, 0 ...

  • Page 388

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual scpi reference tables 15-25 table 15-9 trigger command summary command description default parameter ref scpi initiate subsystem command path: sec 8 ✓ [:immediate] initiate one trigger cycle. ✓ :continuous enable or disable continuous initiation. (no...

  • Page 389

    15-26 scpi reference tables model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table 15-10 unit command summary command description default parameter ref scpi unit :temperature select temperature units (c, cel, f, far, or k). C sec 3 ✓ :temperature? Query temperature units. ✓ :voltage path to configu...

  • Page 390

    A specifications model 2700 data acquisition/control system model 7700 20-channel differential multiplexer w/automatic cjc.

  • Page 391

    A-2 specifications model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 392

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual specifications a-3.

  • Page 393

    A-4 specifications model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 394

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual specifications a-5.

  • Page 395

    A-6 specifications model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 396: Accuracy Calculations

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual specifications a-7 accuracy calculations the information below discusses how to calculate accuracy for both dc and ac characteristics. Calculating dc characteristics accuracy dc characteristics accuracy is calculated as follows: accuracy = ±(ppm of r...

  • Page 397

    A-8 specifications model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual calculating dbm characteristics accuracy as an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits for a 13dbm measurement with a reference impedance of 50 Ω, assume an applied signal of 0.998815v. The relationship between voltag...

  • Page 398: Additional Derating Factors

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual specifications a-9 thus, the actual reading accuracy is 10mv ±36mv or 10.036mv to 9.964mv. Applying the voltage reading accuracy into the db equation yields: thus, the actual reading accuracy is -60db + 0.031213db to -60db - 0.031326db. Dbm and db fo...

  • Page 399: Optimizing Measurement Speed

    A-10 specifications model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual optimizing measurement speed the configurations listed below assume that the multimeter has had factory setups restored. Dc voltage, dc current, and resistance: • select 3h digits, 0.01 plc, filter off, fixed range. Ac voltage and...

  • Page 400

    B model 7700 connection guide.

  • Page 401

    B-2 model 7700 connection guide model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual card configuration — schematic figure b-1 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the model 7700 module. As shown, the model 7700 has channels that are grouped into two banks of ten channels (twenty channels total). Ba...

  • Page 402

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 connection guide b-3 figure b-1 simplified schematic for model 7700 notes: cold junction ref x3 channel 1 hi lo channel 10 hi lo (channels 2–9) channel 11 hi lo channel 20 hi lo (channels 12–19) channel 21 hi lo channel 22 hi lo amps hi lo...

  • Page 403: Connections and Wiring

    B-4 model 7700 connection guide model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual connections and wiring warning the following information is intended for qualified service personnel. Do not make or break switching module connections unless qualified to do so. Warning to prevent electric shock that ...

  • Page 404: Screw Terminals

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 connection guide b-5 screw terminals figure b-2 shows how to access the screw terminals on the model 7700. Channel designations for the screw terminals are contained in figure b-3 . Figure b-2 screw terminal access sense (ohms, 4-wire) inp...

  • Page 405: Wiring Procedure

    B-6 model 7700 connection guide model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure b-3 model 7700 screw terminal channel designations wiring procedure use the following procedure to wire the model 7700 module. Make all connections using correct wire size (up to 20 awg). Also, make sure to add ...

  • Page 406

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 connection guide b-7 3. Using a small flat-blade screwdriver, loosen terminal screws and install wires as desired. ( figure b-4 shows connections to channels 1 and 2.) 4. Route wire along wire-path and secure with cable tie as shown. 5. Fi...

  • Page 407: Typical Connections

    B-8 model 7700 connection guide model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual typical connections the following examples show typical wiring connections for the following types of measurements: • thermocouple connections, figure b-5 • Ω2-wire and thermistor connections, figure b-6 • Ω4-wire and ...

  • Page 408

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 connection guide b-9 figure b-7 Ω4-wire and rtd connections figure b-8 current connections (ac or dc) channel 1 hi lo channel 10 hi lo (channels 2-9) channel 11 hi lo channel 20 hi lo (channels 12-19) resistor or 4-wire rtd resistor or 4-w...

  • Page 409: Connection Log

    B-10 model 7700 connection guide model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual figure b-9 voltage connections (dc or ac) connection log make a copy of table b-1 and affix it to the cover of the model 7700. Use this to record connection information and channel descriptions as needed. Channel 1 hi...

  • Page 410

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual model 7700 connection guide b-11 table b-1 connection log model 7700 channel color description amps com h l input h l sense h l ch1 h l ch2 h l ch3 h l ch4 h l ch5 h l ch6 h l ch7 h l ch8 h l ch9 h l ch10 h l ch11 h l ch12 h l ch13 h l ch14 h l ch15 ...

  • Page 411

    B-12 model 7700 connection guide model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 412

    C status and error messages.

  • Page 413

    C-2 status and error messages model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table c-1 status and error messages number description event -440 -430 -420 -410 -363 -350 -330 -314 -315 -285 -284 -282 -281 -260 -241 -230 -225 -224 -223 -222 -221 -220 -215 -214 -213 -212 -211 -210 -202 -201 -200 -178...

  • Page 414

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status and error messages c-3 -148 -144 -141 -140 -128 -124 -123 -121 -120 -114 -113 -112 -111 -110 -109 -108 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100 character data not allowed character data too long invalid character data character data error numeric data no...

  • Page 415

    C-4 status and error messages model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual +101 +121 +122 +123 +124 +125 +126 +161 +171 +174 +180 +301 +302 +303 +304 +305 +306 +307 +308 +309 +310 +311 +312 +313 +314 operation complete device calibrating device settling device ranging device sweeping device mea...

  • Page 416

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status and error messages c-5 +400 +401 +402 +403 +404 +405 +406 +407 +408 +409 +410 +411 +412 +413 +414 +415 +416 +417 +418 +419 +420 +421 +422 +423 +424 +425 +426 +427 +428 +429 +430 +438 +439 +450 +451 +452 +453 +454 +455 calibration messages: 10v...

  • Page 417

    C-6 status and error messages model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual +456 +457 +458 +459 +460 +461 +462 +463 +464 +465 +466 +467 +468 +469 +470 +471 +472 +473 +474 +475 +476 +477 +478 +479 +480 +481 +482 +483 +484 +485 +486 +487 +488 +489 +490 +491 +492 +493 +494 +495 1 vac zero error 1 v...

  • Page 418

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual status and error messages c-7 note scpi-confirmed messages are described in volume 2: command reference of the standard commands for programmable instruments. Refer to the system:error? Command. +496 +497 +498 +499 +500 +510 +511 +512 +513 +514 +515 ...

  • Page 419

    C-8 status and error messages model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 420

    D signal processing sequence and data flow.

  • Page 421: Signal Processing Sequence

    D-2 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence basic signal processing the signal is applied to the multimeter input via front panel input terminals or a switching module. When a channel is closed or scanned, the signal conne...

  • Page 422

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-3 signal processing using instrument features figure d-2 shows the processing sequence for an input signal with various instrument features enabled. If a feature is not enabled, the reading simply falls thro...

  • Page 423

    D-4 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ocomp (offset-compensated ohms) the model 2700 performs a normal ohms measurement by sourcing a known current (i), measuring the voltage (v), and then calculating the resistance (r = v/i). Offset- compensa...

  • Page 424

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-5 math next in the signal processing sequence is a math operation (mx+b, percent, or recipro- cal). These math operations allow you to mathematically manipulate the reading (x) that is applied to this block ...

  • Page 425

    D-6 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing using ratio or ch avg with a switching module installed, the ratio or average of two channels can be calculated. Figure d-3 shows where ratio or ch avg is calculated in the signal process...

  • Page 426

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-7 data flow (remote operation) remote operation can be used with triggering configured to perform a specified number of measurements and then stop. The various read commands (sens:data?, fetch?, read?, meas?...

  • Page 427: Sense and Sample Buffer

    D-8 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual note for the following discussion, a “data array” is defined as the group of data elements that are included with each measured reading. Each data array includes the reading as well as the channel, reading...

  • Page 428: [Sens[1]]:data[Latest]?

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-9 [sens[1]]:data[latest]? [sens[1]]:data:fresh? These commands are used to return (read) the last processed data array stored in the sample buffer. [sens[1]]:data[:latest]? This command returns (reads) one d...

  • Page 429: Fetch?

    D-10 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual fetch? Read? Measure? Calc[1]:data[latest]? Calc[1]:data:fresh? As shown in figure d-4 , these commands are used to read data arrays output from the calc1 math block. However, if there is no math function...

  • Page 430: Calc3:lim1:fail?

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-11 measure? The measure? Command places the instrument in a “one-shot” measurement mode (which places one data array in the sample buffer) and then performs a read?. With no math function enabled, the one da...

  • Page 431: Calc2:imm?

    D-12 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual calc2:imm? Calc2:imm calc2:data? Statistical information (minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, and peak-to-peak) is available for the readings stored in the buffer (data store). When the desired ca...

  • Page 432: Scanning

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual signal processing sequence and data flow d-13 scanning for remote operation, scanning is normally performed with continuous initiation disabled (init:cont off). The sample count (samp:count) specifies the number of channels to scan and store in the b...

  • Page 433

    D-14 signal processing sequence and data flow model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 434

    E measurement considerations.

  • Page 435: Measurement Considerations

    E-2 measurement considerations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual measurement considerations low-level voltage measurements made using the model 2700 can be adversely affected by various types of noise or other unwanted signals that can make it very difficult to obtain accurate voltag...

  • Page 436: Thermoelectric Generation

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual measurement considerations e-3 thermoelectric generation figure e-1 shows a representation of how thermal emfs are generated. The test leads are made of the a material, while the source under test is the b material. The temperatures between the junct...

  • Page 437: Minimizing Thermal Emfs

    E-4 measurement considerations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual minimizing thermal emfs to minimize thermal emfs, use only copper wires, lugs, and test leads for the entire test setup. Also, it is imperative that all connecting surfaces are kept clean and free of oxides. As noted in...

  • Page 438: Source Resistance Noise

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual measurement considerations e-5 source resistance noise noise present in the source resistance is often the limiting factor in the ultimate resolution and accuracy of model 2700 measurements. The following paragraphs discuss the generation of johnson ...

  • Page 439: Magnetic Fields

    E-6 measurement considerations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual magnetic fields when a conductor loop cuts through magnetic lines of force, a very small current is generated. This phenomenon will frequently cause unwanted signals to occur in the test leads of a test system. If the c...

  • Page 440

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual measurement considerations e-7 path such as power line ground. As shown in figure e-2 , the resulting ground loop causes current to flow through the instrument lo signal leads and then back through power line ground. This circulating current develops...

  • Page 441: Shielding

    E-8 measurement considerations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual shielding warning do not float input lo more than 30v rms, 42.4v peak above earth ground with an exposed shield connected to input lo. To avoid a possible shock hazard, surround the lo shield with a second safety shield...

  • Page 442: Meter Loading

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual measurement considerations e-9 meter loading loading of the voltage source by the model 2700 becomes a consideration for high source resistance values. As the source resistance increases, the error caused by meter loading increases. Figure e-5 shows ...

  • Page 443

    E-10 measurement considerations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 444

    F temperature equations • thermocouple equation — documents the its-90 inverse function polynomial and the coefficients to calculate thermocouple temperature. • thermistor equation — documents the steinhart-hart equation which is used to calculate thermistor temperature. • rtd equation — documents t...

  • Page 445: Thermocouple Equation

    F-2 temperature equations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual thermocouple equation the model 2700 uses the its-90 inverse function coefficients for the polynomial to calculate thermocouple temperature. The model 2700 measures the thermocouple voltage, and then calculates temperature (...

  • Page 446

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual temperature equations f-3 table f-2 type e inverse function polynomial -200°c to 0°c (-8,825µv to 0µv) 0°c to 1,000°c (0µv to 76,373µv) c 0 = 0.0 0.0 c 1 = 1.697 728 8 × 10 -2 1.705 703 5 × 10 -2 c 2 = -4.351 497 0 × 10 -7 -2.330 175 9 × 10 -7 c 3 = ...

  • Page 447

    F-4 temperature equations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual table f-4 type k inverse function polynomial -200°c to 0°c (-5,891µv to 0µv) 0°c to 500°c (0µv to 20,644µv) 500°c to 1,372°c (20,644µv to 54,886µv) c 0 = 0.0 0.0 -1.318 058 × 10 2 c 1 = 2.517 346 2 × 10 -2 2.508 355 2 × 10 -...

  • Page 448

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual temperature equations f-5 table f-6 type r inverse function polynomial -50°c to 250°c (-226µv to 1,923µv) 250°c to 1,200°c (1,923µv to 13,228µv) 1,064°c to 1,664.5°c (11,361µv to 19,739µv) 1,664.5°c to 1,768.1°c (19,739µv to 21,103µv) c 0 = 0.0 1.334...

  • Page 449: Thermistor Equation

    F-6 temperature equations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual thermistor equation temperature (in kelvin) is calculated using the steinhart-hart equation as follows: where: t k is the calculated temperature in kelvin. Lnr is the natural log of the measured resistance of the thermistor....

  • Page 450

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual temperature equations f-7 selecting a thermistor — the thermistor manufacturers specified curve fitting values (a, b, and c) may not be exactly the same as the ones used by the model 2700. If they are not exactly the same, perform the following steps...

  • Page 451: Rtd Equations

    F-8 temperature equations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual rtd equations the temperature vs. Resistance readings listed in the rtd reference tables are calculated using the callendar-van dusen equation. There are two equations based on different temperature ranges. There is an equat...

  • Page 452

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual temperature equations f-9 rtd parameters for equations the rtd parameters for the callendar-van dusen equations are listed in table f-10 . Example 1 calculate the resistance of a pt100 rtd at 100°c (t). The following r 0 ( Ω at 0°c), alpha, and delta...

  • Page 453

    F-10 temperature equations model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual example 2 calculate the resistance of a d100 rtd at -100°c (t). The following r 0 ( Ω at 0°c), alpha, beta, and delta values are used for the d100 rtd ( table f-10 ): t = -100°c r 0 ( Ω at 0°c) = 100Ω alpha = 0.003920 beta ...

  • Page 454

    G ieee-488 bus overview.

  • Page 455: Introduction

    G-2 ieee-488 bus overview model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual introduction the ieee-488 bus is a communication system between two or more electronic devices. A device can be either an instrument or a computer. When a computer is used on the bus, it serves as a supervisor of the communi...

  • Page 456

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-3 figure g-1 ieee-488 bus configuration device 1 able to talk, listen, and control (computer) device 2 able to talk and listen 2700 device 3 only able to listen (printer) device 4 only able to talk dav nrfd ndac ifc atn srq re...

  • Page 457: Bus Lines

    G-4 ieee-488 bus overview model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual there are two categories of controllers: system controller and basic controller. Both are able to control other instruments, but only the system controller has the absolute authority in the system. In a system with more than...

  • Page 458: Bus Management Lines

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-5 bus management lines the five bus management lines help to ensure proper interface control and management. These lines are used to send the uniline commands. Atn (attention) — the atn state determines how information on the ...

  • Page 459: Bus Commands

    G-6 ieee-488 bus overview model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual once all ndac and nrfd are properly set, the source sets dav low, indicating to accepting devices that the byte on the data lines is now valid. Nrfd will then go low, and ndac will go high once all devices have accepted the ...

  • Page 460

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-7 table g-1 ieee-488 bus command summary command type command state of atn line comments uniline multiline universal addressed unaddressed common scpi ren (remote enable) eoi ifc (interface clear) atn (attention) srq llo (loca...

  • Page 461: Uniline Commands

    G-8 ieee-488 bus overview model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual uniline commands atn, ifc, and ren are asserted only by the controller. Srq is asserted by an external device. Eoi may be asserted either by the controller or other devices depending on the direction of data transfer. The fo...

  • Page 462: Addressed Multiline Commands

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-9 addressed multiline commands addressed commands are multiline commands that must be preceded by the device listen address before that instrument will respond to the command in question. Note that only the addressed device wi...

  • Page 463: Common Commands

    G-10 ieee-488 bus overview model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual common commands common commands are commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and defined by the ieee-488.2 standard. Generally, these commands are sent as one or more ascii character...

  • Page 464

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-11 figure g-3 command codes d 7 d 6 d 5 d 4 x 0 0 0 command x 0 0 1 command x 0 1 0 primary address x 0 1 1 primary address x 1 0 0 primary address x 1 0 1 primary address x 1 1 0 x 1 1 1 bits d 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1...

  • Page 465: Typical Command Sequences

    G-12 ieee-488 bus overview model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual typical command sequences for the various multiline commands, a specific bus sequence must take place to properly send the command. In particular, the correct listen address must be sent to the instrument before it will res...

  • Page 466: Ieee Command Groups

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-13 ieee command groups command groups supported by the model 2700 are listed in table g-5 . Common commands and scpi commands are not included in this list. Table g-5 ieee command groups handshake command group ndac = not data...

  • Page 467: Interface Function Codes

    G-14 ieee-488 bus overview model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual interface function codes the interface function codes, which are part of the ieee-488 standards, define an instrument’s ability to support various interface functions and should not be confused with programming commands fou...

  • Page 468

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ieee-488 bus overview g-15 pp (parallel poll function) — the instrument does not have parallel polling capabilities (pp0). Dc (device clear function) — dc1 defines the ability of the instrument to be cleared (initialized). Dt (device trigger function...

  • Page 469

    G-16 ieee-488 bus overview model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 470

    H ke2700 instrument driver examples.

  • Page 471: Introduction

    H-2 ke2700 instrument driver examples model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual introduction an ivi style instrument driver is provided with the models 2700, 2701, and 2750. The driver supports programming in labview, labwindows cvi, visual basic, and c, test examples provided by the ke2700 ...

  • Page 472

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ke2700 instrument driver examples h-3 table h-1 visual basic and cvi (c) examples name manual reference brief description advance1 none use case 1 — 40-channel scan using 7708 module: • 30 channels dcv (10v range). • 10 channels type t thermocouple t...

  • Page 473

    H-4 ke2700 instrument driver examples model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual name manual reference brief description advance4 none use case 4 — two scans using 7708 module: • 40 channel dcv scan (1v range). Configuration saved in user setup 1. • 20 channel Ω4 scan. Configuration saved in ...

  • Page 474

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ke2700 instrument driver examples h-5 name manual reference brief description advance6 none use case 6 — scan 160 channels using 7703 module (see note): • type k thermocouple (tc) temperature measurements. • reference junction – simulated. • measurem...

  • Page 475

    H-6 ke2700 instrument driver examples model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual name manual reference brief description advance8 none use case 8 — 7706 module in slot 1 and 7702 module in slot 2: • 7706 module: • output analog output values to analog output channels. • output digital output ...

  • Page 476

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ke2700 instrument driver examples h-7 name manual reference brief description multirange page 4-5 (ex. 1 & 2) demonstrates various range and function settings. Ohmm page 3-55 (ex. 2) demonstrates measuring offset compensated ohms in one-shot trigger ...

  • Page 477

    H-8 ke2700 instrument driver examples model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual name manual reference brief description simple2 none use case 2 — 40-channel scan using 7708 module: • 30 channels dcv (15 on 100mv range, 15 on 10v range). • 9 channels acv (1v range). • 1 channel 4-wire rtd tem...

  • Page 478

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ke2700 instrument driver examples h-9 name manual reference brief description simple4 none use case 4 — two scans using 7708 module: • 40 channel dcv scan (1v range). Configuration saved in user setup 1. • 20 channel Ω4 scan. Configuration saved in u...

  • Page 479

    H-10 ke2700 instrument driver examples model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual name manual reference brief description simple6 none use case 6 — scan 160 channels using 7703 module (see note): • type k thermocouple (tc) temperature measurements. • reference junction – simulated. • measurem...

  • Page 480

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ke2700 instrument driver examples h-11 name manual reference brief description simple8 none use case 8 — 7706 module in slot 1 and 7702 module in slot 2: • 7706 module: • output analog output values to analog output channels. • output digital output ...

  • Page 481: Labview Examples

    H-12 ke2700 instrument driver examples model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual labview examples table h-2 lists the labview examples and “use cases” that are provided with the ke2700 instrument driver. Labview examples are provided in the file: examples.Llb. Use cases are provided in the f...

  • Page 482

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ke2700 instrument driver examples h-13 name manual reference brief description advance2 none use case 2 — 40-channel scan using 7708 module: • 30 channels dcv (15 on 100mv range, 15 on 10v range). • 9 channels acv (1v range). • 1 channel 4-wire rtd t...

  • Page 483

    H-14 ke2700 instrument driver examples model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual name manual reference brief description advance4 none use case 4 — two scans using 7708 module: • 40 channel dcv scan (1v range). Configuration saved in user setup 1. • 20 channel Ω4 scan. Configuration saved in...

  • Page 484

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ke2700 instrument driver examples h-15 name manual reference brief description advance6 none use case 6 — scan 160 channels using 7703 module (see note): • type k thermocouple (tc) temperature measurements. • reference junction – simulated. • measure...

  • Page 485

    H-16 ke2700 instrument driver examples model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual name manual reference brief description advance8 none use case 8 — 7706 module in slot 1 and 7702 module in slot 2: • 7706 module: • output analog output values to analog output channels. • output digital output...

  • Page 486

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ke2700 instrument driver examples h-17 name manual reference brief description simple3 none use case 3 — two scans using 7708 module: • 40 channel dcv (1v range) scan. • 20 channel Ω4 scan: • models 2700 and 2701 – 100 Ω range. • model 2750 – 10 Ω ra...

  • Page 487

    H-18 ke2700 instrument driver examples model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual name manual reference brief description simple5 none use case 5 — 32-channel scan using 7701 module. • common-side 4-wire ohms measurements (cside mode). • dry-circuit ohms option for model 2750. • install jumpe...

  • Page 488

    Model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual ke2700 instrument driver examples h-19 name manual reference brief description simple7 none use case 7 — ten 40-channel scans using 7702 module: • channel 1 uses an external reference junction. • measurement speed (rate) – 1 plc. • filter – repeat, 2...

  • Page 489

    H-20 ke2700 instrument driver examples model 2700 multimeter/switch system user’s manual.

  • Page 490: Index

    Index symbols scpi signal oriented measurement measure:? [], [], 13-8 ¾ symbol 5-14 numerics 2-wire functions 2-7 4-wire functions 2-8 4-wire rtds 3-36 connections 3-39 temperature measurement configuration 3-42 a ac voltage measurements crest factor 3-12 ac voltage offset 3-16 accessories 1-3 adapt...

  • Page 491

    Delay 5-19 enabling/disabling 5-19 programming examples 5-20 remote programming 5-19 scanning 5-18 channel list parameter () 3-6 channels assignments 2-5, 7-3 auto channel configuration 7-20 average see channel average closing and opening 1-29, 2-1 monitor 7-18 multiple see multiple channels numberi...

  • Page 492

    Current measurements (dci and aci) 3-17 amps fuse replacement (front panel amps input) 3-19 amps measurement procedure 3-18 connections 3-17 front panel inputs 3-17 model 7700 switching module 3-18 cvi (c) examples h-2 d data flow d-7 db 5-21 commands 5-22 configuration 5-21 programming examples 5-2...

  • Page 493

    With bnc connections 8-13 f features model 2700 1-6 filter 4-13 *rst disables filter 4-18 *rst disables filter state to off 4-21 characteristics 4-13 commands 4-20 control and configuration 4-18 count 4-14 example 4-16 filter/channel 4-19 moving and repeating 4-15, 4-17 programming examples 4-22 rem...

  • Page 494

    J johnson noise equation e-5 k ke2700 instrument driver h-1 keyclick 1-18 remote programming 1-18 key-press codes 14-9 keys close 2-10, 2-18 filter 4-18 function 1-11 local 10-11 open 2-11, 2-19 operation 1-11 range 1-12 rate 4-8 special 1-11 l labview examples h-12 limits 9-2 basic operation 9-4 be...

  • Page 495

    Voltage connections (dc or ac) b-10 wire dressing b-7 wiring procedure b-6 monitor channel 7-18 monitor scan example 7-37 multiple channels control commands 2-20 controlling 2-17 operation 2-16 anomalies 2-22 mx+b (math function) 5-9 configuration 5-9 rel 5-10 setting units 5-14 n noise johnson nois...

  • Page 496

    Rear panel summary 1-14 reciprocal (1/x) (math function) 5-11 configuration 5-11 reference junctions 3-34 external 3-35 internal 3-34 simulated 3-34 registers bit descriptions 11-12 clearing 11-4 condition 11-18 event 11-18 event enable 11-19 measurement event 11-15 operation event 11-14 programming...

  • Page 497

    Auto scan 7-21 basic scan 7-22 buffer 7-22 configuration 7-10 db 5-21 digital outputs 9-12 digits 4-6 examples 7-33 external trigger scan example 7-33 filter 4-19 fundamentals 7-2 limits 9-4 manual/external trigger scan 7-23 math 5-12 monitor scan 7-36 monitor scan (analog trigger) 7-24 operation 7-...

  • Page 498

    4-wire rtds 3-36 configuration 3-40 connections 3-36 procedure 3-43 thermistors 3-35 thermocouples 3-33 terminator 10-19 tests continuity see continuity testing thermal emfs 3-15 minimizing e-4 thermistors 3-35 connections 3-39 equation f-6 temperature measurement configuration 3-41 thermocouples 3-...

  • Page 500

    Specifications are subject to change without notice. All keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of keithley instruments, inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. A g r e a t e r m e a s u r e o f c o n f i d e n c e keithley instruments,...