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- FP10 Lafayette
- Installation And Operation Manual
Valcourt FP10 Lafayette Installation And Operation Manual
45719A
Printed in Canada
26-01-2015
READ AND KEEP THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE
FP10 Lafayette
Installation And Operation Manual
US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PHASE II CERTIFIED WOOD FIREPLACE
Listed to standards ULC‐S610 and UL 127
by an accredited laboratory
www.valcourtinc.com
Manufactured by:
Stove Builder International Inc.
250 rue Copenhague, Saint‐Augustin‐de‐Desmaures (Quebec),
Canada, G3A 2H3 Tel.: (418) 878‐3040 Fax: (418) 878‐3001
This manual is available for free download on the manufacturer’s web site. It is a copyrighted document.
Re‐sale is strictly prohibited. The manufacturer may update this manual from time to time and cannot be
responsible for problems, injuries, or damages arising out of the use of information contained in any manual
obtained from unauthorized sources.
Summary of FP10 Lafayette
Page 1
45719a printed in canada 26-01-2015 read and keep this manual for reference fp10 lafayette installation and operation manual us environmental protection agency phase ii certified wood fireplace listed to standards ulc‐s610 and ul 127 by an accredited laboratory www.Valcourtinc.Com manufactured by: s...
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2 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual thank you for choosing this valcourt wood fireplace as one of north america’s largest and most respected wood stove and fireplace manufacturers, stove builder international takes pride in the quality and performance of all its products. We want to...
Page 3: Table Of Content
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 3 table of content part a - operation and maintenance ........................................ 6 1 safety information .............................................................................. 6 1.1 summary of operation and maintenance cautions ...
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4 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 5 maintaining your wood heating system ........................................ 24 5.1 fireplace maintenance ...................................................................................................... 24 5.1.1 plated finish maintenance ...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 5 8.8.2 universal offset support ................................................................................................ 65 8.9 installation instructions for masonry application .................................................................
Page 6: 1 Safety Information
6 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual part a ‐ operation and maintenance please see part b for installation instructions. 1 safety information 1.1 summary of operation and maintenance cautions and warnings • hot while in operation, keep children, clothing and furniture away. Contact m...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 7 • this appliance should be maintained and operated at all times in accordance with these instructions. • do not elevate the fire by means of grates, and irons or other means. • this fireplace must always be used with the original andirons (see app...
Page 8: 2 General Information
8 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 2 general information 2.1 fp10 lafayette specifications fuel type cordwood test standards (safety) ulc‐s610 and ul 127 test standard (emissions) epa method 28 (40 cfr part 60) heating capacity range* 500 to 2100 sq. Ft. (46.5 to 195 m 2 ) maximum ...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 9.
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10 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual.
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 11.
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12 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 2.2 zone heating and how to make it work for you your new fp10 lafayette wood fireplace is a space heater, which means it is intended to heat the area it is installed in, as well as spaces that connect to that area, although to a lower temperatur...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 13 2.4 the sbi commitment to you and the environment the sbi team is committed to protecting the environment, so we do everything we can to use only materials in our products that will have no lasting negative impact on the environment. 2.4.1 what i...
Page 14: 3 Fuel
14 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 3 fuel 3.1 materials that should not be burned • garbage of any kind, • coal or charcoal, • treated, painted or coated wood, • plywood or particle board, • fine paper, colored paper or cardboard, • salt water driftwood • manufactured logs contain...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 15 large pieces of hardwood. That is no longer true. You can successfully heat your home by using the less desirable tree species and give the forest a break at the same time. 3.2.3 log length logs should be cut at least 1” (25 mm) shorter than the ...
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16 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 3.2.5 how to dry firewood firewood that is not dry enough to burn is the cause of most complaints about wood fireplaces. Continually burning green or unseasoned wood produces more creosote and involves lack of heat and dirty glass door. See secti...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 17 you could buy a wood moisture meter to test your firewood. 3.3 manufactured logs do not burn manufactured logs made of wax impregnated sawdust or logs with any chemical additives. Manufactured logs made of 100% compressed sawdust can be burned, b...
Page 18
18 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual more of the painted surfaces reach the curing temperature of the paint. The smell of curing paint does not disappear until you have burned one or two very hot fires. Burn one or two small fires to begin the curing and conditioning process. Then b...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 19 the firebox is loaded before the fire is lit. A top down fire can provide up to two hours of heating or more. The top down method only works properly if the wood is well‐seasoned. Start by placing three or four full‐sized split pieces of dry fire...
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20 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual when you burn in cycles, you rarely need to open the fireplace’s loading door while the wood is flaming. This is an advantage because there is more chance that smoke will leak from the fireplace when the door is opened as a full fire is burning. ...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 21 4.4.4 firing each new load hot place the new load of wood on and behind the charcoal, and not too close to the glass. Close the door and open the air control fully. Leave the air control fully open until the firebox is full of flames, the wood ha...
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22 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 4.4.6 building different fires for different needs using the air control is not the only way to match the fireplace’s heat output to the heat demand. Your house will need far less heat in october than in january to be kept at a comfortable temper...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 23 firebox and place the rest of the pieces compactly. A densely built fire like this will produce the longest burn your fireplace is capable of. You will need to be cautious when building fires like this because if the air is turned down too much, ...
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24 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 5 maintaining your wood heating system 5.1 fireplace maintenance your new fireplace will give many years of reliable service if you use and maintain it correctly. Some of the internal components of the firebox, such as firebricks, baffles and air...
Page 25
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 25 5.1.3 door adjustment in order for your fireplace to burn at its best efficiency, the door must provide a perfect seal with the firebox. Therefore, the gasket should be inspected periodically to check for a good seal. The gasket seal may be impro...
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26 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 5.1.4 door alignment to align, open the fireplace’s door and loosen the pressures screws located on the lower and upper hinges of the door using a 3/32” allen key to free the adjustable hinge rods..
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 27 using a flat screwdriver, turn the adjustable hinge rods in the direction shown to adjust the doors. Tighten all door hinge pressure screws when they are at the desired positions..
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28 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 5.1.5 replacing the door gasket it is important to maintain the gasket in good condition. After a year or more of use, the door gasket will compress and become hard, which may allow air to leak past it. You can test the condition of the door gask...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 29 the gasket must be centred on the edge of the glass. To do this easily, peel back a section of the paper covering the adhesive and place the gasket on a table with the adhesive side up. Stick the end of the gasket to the middle of one edge, then ...
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30 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual location length dimensions around glass 76 ½" (195 cm) “u” shaped do not abuse the glass door by striking or slamming shut. Do not use the fireplace if the glass is broken. To change the glass, perform the same operation described above. 5.1.6 cl...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 31 it is recommended to clean thoroughly the chimney system at the end of every heating season. During summer, the air is damper and with minimal air circulation within the stove or furnace, it can mix with creosote and/or sooth deposits in the chim...
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32 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 5.2.4 fire baffle removal prior to cleaning the chimney before starting to clean your chimney, we recommend that you remove the fire baffle to avoid creosote dust collection on top of the baffle. Follow the steps below to remove the fire baffle: ...
Page 33: Part B – Installation
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 33 part b – installation install the fireplace only as described in these instructions and using only components from the chimney manufacturers listed in table 2. Parts required fp10 lafayette fireplace insulated chimney made by the manufacturer...
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34 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual • this fireplace has not been tested to be installed inside a masonry chimney. 6.2 regulations covering fireplace installation when installed and operated as described in these instructions, the fp10 lafayette wood fireplace is suitable for use i...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 35 6.3.1 locating the fp10 lafayette a. The best location to install your fireplace is determined by considering the location of windows, doors, and the traffic flow in the room where the fireplace is located, allowing space in front of the unit for...
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36 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual clearances minimum measurements a 80" (2032 mm) e 2" (51 mm) b 4" (102 mm) minimum.
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 37.
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38 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual in the case where (f) would be equal to 4", it is suggested that the sheet metal between the base of the fireplace and floor be in one piece..
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 39 6.3.1.2 on the floor or on a raised base of less than 4" installation (r value for the hearth extension required) in the case where the fireplace is installed directly on the floor or on a raised base of less than 4", an r value for the hearth ex...
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40 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual a noncombustible floor protection with r value insulation equal to or greater than 1.00 must be installed in front of the unit. For more details see section 6.3.2: minimum heart extension requirements. The use of an r value is convenient when mor...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 41 thermal characteristics of common floor protection materials* material conductivity (k) per inch resistance (r) per inch thickness micore ® 160 0.39 2.54 micore ® 300 0.49 2.06 durock ® 1.92 0.52 hardibacker ® 1.95 0.51 hardibacker ® 500 2.3 0.44...
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42 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual clearances a 18" (457 mm)* b 41.5" (1054 mm) c 8" (203 mm) *on a raised base installation of more than 4", a non‐combustible hearth extension floor area must extend at least 16" (406 mm) in front of the hearth..
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 43 6.3.3 framing, facing, mantel, and combustible shelf 6.3.3.1 framing the construction of the framing, facing, and mantel must be in accordance with the standards and the following illustrations: a. Frame the sides and back of the fireplace using ...
Page 44
44 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual wall finish behind the fireplace’s faceplate installation clearances a 4 7/8" (124 mm) b* 8" (203 mm) c* 5" (127 mm) d* 80" (2032 mm) measurements e* 37 7/8" (961 mm) f* 24 3/4" (630 mm) g 1 1/2" (39 mm) max *when drywall panels or any other fini...
Page 45
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 45 see appendixes for fresh air kit (l) and forced air kit (k) installation. Fresh air intake kit or forced air kit installation legend combustible material allowed in this area non‐combustible material only in this area minimum measurements for fre...
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46 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual clearances m* 53 1/2" (1359 mm) n* 75 1/2" (1918 mm) *when drywall panels or any other finishing material inside the chase around the fireplace is to be used, add its thickness to the measurement. **values m and n are minimum measurements. They m...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 47 clearances a 3" (76 mm) maximum b 5 5/8" (143 mm) minimum c 24" (610 mm) minimum.
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48 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 6.3.3.2 facing non‐combustible material such as brick, stone or ceramic tile may be in contact with the fireplace decorative frame. Note that if you ever needed to remove the decorative frame, it might be wise not to seal between the faceplate an...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 49 clearances a 80" (2032 mm) shelf positioning b c 58" (1473 mm) 6" (152 mm) 60" (1524 mm) 8" (203 mm) 62" (1575 mm) 10" (254 mm) 64" (1626 mm) 12" (305 mm).
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50 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 7 clearances to combustible material the clearances shown in this section have been determined by test according to procedures set out in safety standards ulc s610 (canada) and ul127 (u.S.A.). When the fireplace is installed so that its surfaces ...
Page 51: 8 The Venting System
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 51 8 the venting system 8.1 general the venting system, acts as the engine that drives your wood heating system. Even the best fireplace will not function safely and efficiently as intended if it is not connected to a suitable chimney. The heat in t...
Page 52
52 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual there are two reasons why the chimney in the house at right will cold backdraft when it is cold outside and there is no fire burning in the fireplace. First, the chimney runs up the outside of the house, so the air in it is colder and denser than...
Page 53
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 53 10. Cut and frame square holes in all floors, ceilings, and roof that the chimney will go through to provide a 2" (50 mm) minimum clearance between the chimney and any combustible materials. Do not fill this 2 space with insulation or any other ...
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54 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 18" 457.21mm 18" 457.2mm 16" 406.4mm 16" 406.4mm 18" 457.2mm.
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 55 8.6 chimney installation instructions always refer to the chimney manufacturer’s installation manual to ensure a safe installation. Some non‐ illustrated parts may be required. 8.6.1 examples of typical chimney installation a to insure a good dra...
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56 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual direct installation exterior offset installation.
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 57 interior offset installation connection to a masonry chimney 1. Cut and frame the holes in the ceiling, floor and roof where the chimney will pass. Use a plumb bob to line up the center of the holes. Make sure that the size of the floor and ceili...
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58 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual installing the first chimney length. Continue installing chimney lengths making sure to lock each length in place. 4. Every time the chimney passes through a ceiling or a wall, install the appropriate firestop. When you reach the desired height, ...
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 59 ** the structural integrity of the floor, wall, and ceiling/roof must be maintained note: the floor and walls below the attic must be insulated using the same insulation..
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60 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 8.6.2 offset chimney installation table 1 ‐ the minimum system height when using elbows is: fireplace model fp10 lafayette chimney model all models vertical installation 15 ft. (4.6 m) two (2) elbows 15 ft. (4.6 m) four (4) elbows 17 ft. (5.2 m) ...
Page 61
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 61 table 2 ‐ listed chimneys for your fp10 lafayette warning: in every case, the chimney must start with a 6'' diameter anchor plate secured to the fireplace. *this fireplace may be installed with a 7‐inch chimney from “security chimney” as indicate...
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62 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual reference in figure bellow. Parts required. (the numbers in brackets are the parts numbers used by security chimneys) inner diameter 6″ inner diameter 7″ 1″ insulation (asht+) 2″ insulation (s2100+) 1″ insulation (asht+) 2″ insulation (s2100+) a ...
Page 63
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 63 table 3 – list of mandatory components chimney manufacturer mandatory components type/brand selkirk ventilated roof flashing. must have rafter protectors at the roof level if the chimney is enclosed at the attic level. Ultra‐temp (ut), super ...
Page 64
64 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 8.7 angled wall radiation shield when passing through a combustible wall with the chimney at a 30 or 45 angle (30 or 45 in canada and 30 only in the usa), an angled firestop or wall radiation shield provided by the chimney manufacturer must ...
Page 65
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 65 8.8.2 universal offset support this support is used to support the chimney above an offset. When the chimney offset is used to pass through a wall, this support may be used on the wall to support the chimney. For offset support installation, refe...
Page 66
66 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual follow these steps: 1. Position the fireplace in its location. Temporarily install the elbow or chimney section (a) on the top of the fireplace and, using a level, mark with an oval the location where the flue liner will enter the masonry chimney...
Page 67
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 67 which the wood fireplace may not have adequate access to combustion air is if the operation of a powerful exhaust device (such as a kitchen range exhaust) causes the pressure in the house to become negative relative to outdoors. If you do install...
Page 68
68 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual appendix 1: hot air ducting installation different hot air ducting systems can be installed with the fp10 lafayette: hot air gravity kit ‐ traditional style (ac01375) hot air gravity kit ‐ modern style (ac01385) forced air kit (ac01340) hot...
Page 69
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 69 dimensions of hot air outlet frame with elbow dimensions of hot air outlet decorative grille with elbow the safety rules and installation procedures for both hot air ducting gravity kit (ac01375, ac01385) are the following: minimum height*: 68" (...
Page 70
70 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual the hot air grilles can be installed in the same room as the fireplace, or one or both of the grilles can be installed in adjacent or upper rooms. Installing the ducts at different elevations will tend to exhaust more heat out of the higher grill...
Page 71
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 71 the duct system must be installed respecting the following: 1. It is recommended to wear gloves to perform this procedure. Remove the plates closing up the 8" dia. Holes on top of the fireplace. Then, cut and remove the insulation in order to obt...
Page 72
72 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 3. Secure the ducting (a) to the 90° elbows (e) with self‐tapping screws (3 per elbow). Insert the hot air outlets (f) in the elbow (e). Set hot air outlets frames behind the non‐combustible materiel and secure to the wall with screws. Secure hot...
Page 73
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 73 7. When passing through a combustible wall or floor, a firestop must be installed at the wall or floor penetration. The hole size must be in accordance with the duct manufacturer’s instructions. 8. Do not connect the hot air ducts to a central he...
Page 74
74 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual hot air gravity kit ‐ modern style (ac01385) the kit includes: - decorative plate (a) - adjustable frame (b) - heat distribution box (c) - 6x steel brackets (d) with fastening screws (e) and 12x self‐tapping screws (f) parts not included in the k...
Page 75
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 75 dimensions of heat distribution box: dimensions of assembeled decorative plate:.
Page 76
76 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual dimensions of assembeled heat distribution housing and adjustable decorative plate: the duct system must be installed respecting the following: 1. It is recommended to wear gloves to perform this procedure. Remove the plates closing up the 8" dia...
Page 77
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 77 2. Secure the 6 steel brackets (b) with 6 screws provided (c) on top of the fireplace (3 for each ducting). Insert the ducting (a) (not provided) into each opening and secure it in place using the steel brackets (b) installed previously with 6 ot...
Page 78
78 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual the duct system must be installed respecting the following: 1. Remove the plates closing up the 8" dia. Holes on top of the fireplace. Then, cut the insulation in order to obtain two 8" dia. Openings. Insert the ducting into each opening and fix ...
Page 79
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 79 forced air kit (not tested to epa standards) (ac01340) it is possible to connect a forced air distribution kit on the back or on either sides of the fp10 lafayette. This kit allows distributing heat to another room up to 50 feet (15 m) of the fir...
Page 80
80 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual appendix 2: blower maintenance or replacement 1. Open the bottom louver (a). 2. With a short square head screwdriver, remove the 4 screws (c) holding in place the heat shield (b)..
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Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 81 3. Remove and keep the heat shield (b) and the 4 screws (c). 4. Cut the tie wrap (d).
Page 82
82 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 5. Unplug the blower’s electric wires (f) and (g). 6. Lift the blower (e) located under the firebox towards the back. 7. Turn 90° to pull out. Repeat the steps in reverse order to reinstall the fan..
Page 83
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 83 blower connection have the wiring installed by a qualified electrician. Connect the wires from the power outlet to the terminal block, making sure that the white wire matches the white wire on the terminal. Connect the black wire with the black w...
Page 84
84 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual appendix 3: installing the door overlay in order to complete the assembly of your fp10 lafayette wood fireplace, you need to install the door overlay. See figure below for installation instructions: position the overlay (a) and on the door frame ...
Page 85
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 85 appendix 4: installing the adapter for fresh air kit during operation, the fireplace requires fresh air for combustion and draws air out of the house. It may starve other fuel burning appliances such as gas or oil furnaces. As well, exhaust fans ...
Page 86
86 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual note: only remove the knock‐out that will be connected to the fresh air inlet. The fresh air intake kit may be installed on three different places on the fireplace. 1‐ on the right side of the appliance (most common). 2‐ on the right side, at the...
Page 87
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 87 flip the fireplace’s lower decorative louver. Install the blocking plate (f) included in the kit, on the front opening of the air control housing. Using a screwdriver, secure with two screws. Then, install the flexible pipe* (d) (not supplied) to...
Page 88
88 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual to complete the installation, make a hole of1/4" to 1/2" (6 mm à 13 mm) bigger than the insulate pipe diameter in the outside wall of the house at the chosen location. From outside, place the outside air inlet cap in the hole (open side down) and...
Page 89
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 89 appendix 5: installing the fire screen (ac01560) open the doors. Hold the fire screen by the two handles and bring it close to the door opening. Lean the upper part of the fire screen against the top door opening making sure to insert the top fir...
Page 90
90 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual appendix 6: installation of secondary air tubes and baffle removable parts a cotter pins (x4) b air tubes (x4) c c‐cast baffle (x1) d baffle insulation (x1) e baffle insulation weight (x1) 1. Using a ratchet key and a torx (t‐30), unscrew the two...
Page 91
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 91 2. Remove the floor refractory slab (c). 3. Using a power screwdriver and hex tip 5/16", remove the slab holder (d) and the left refractory slab (e)..
Page 92
92 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 4. Starting with the rear tube, lean and insert the right end of the secondary air tube into the rear right channel hole. Then, lift and push the tube towards the right inside the hole in the right channel. 5. Align the notch in the left end of t...
Page 93
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 93 6. Insert a cotter pin in the last hole on the right side of the tube. Then bend the tabs on the pin to keep in place. 7. Repeat steps 4, 5 and 6 for the two tubes in the back then install the baffle. Then, install the two front tubes. 8. To remo...
Page 94: Model
94 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual important notes: the air tubes are identified for placement as follows: model type of tube fp10 lafayette fireplace front ► 95 holes of 0.141" middle front ► 67 holes of 0.125’’ middle rear ► 67 holes of 0.109’’ rear ► 67 holes of 0.101’’.
Page 95
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 95 appendix 7: exploded diagram and parts list.
Page 96
96 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual important: this is dated information. When requesting service or replacement parts for your stove, please provide the model number and the serial number. We reserve the right to change parts due to technology upgrade or availability. Contact an a...
Page 97
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 97 # item description qty 34 pl63767 side front spacer 4 35 44046 thermodisc f110‐20f 1 36 99999 build to order 1 37 44084 rheostat with nut 1 38 pl63881 rheostat bracket 1 39 44087 rheostat nut 1 40 44085 rheostat knob 1 41 44091 rocker switch 2 po...
Page 98
98 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual refractory slabs replacement the intense heat of the fire will normally cause hairline cracks in the refractory slabs. These cracks can be minimized by proper curing as described in “first fires”. They will not normally diminish the effectiveness...
Page 99
Fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual 99 3‐ using a power screwdriver and hex tip 5/16", remove the slab holders (d) and the refractory slabs (e) and (f). 4‐ remove the rear refractory slab (g). To install new refractory slabs, follow the above steps in reverse..
Page 100
100 fp10 lafayette - installation and operation manual valcourt limited lifetime warranty the warranty of the manufacturer extends only to the original consumer purchaser and is not transferable. This warranty covers brand new products only, which have not been altered, modified nor repaired since s...