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ABB REB670 Applications Manual

Manual is about: Relion 670 Series Busbar protection

Summary of REB670

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    Relion ® 670 series busbar protection reb670 2.1 ansi application manual.

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    Document id: 1mrk 505 337-uus issued: december 2015 revision: - product version: 2.1 © copyright 2015 abb. All rights reserved.

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    Copyright this document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written permission from abb, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party, nor used for any unauthorized purpose. The software and hardware described in this document is furnished under a license and...

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    Disclaimer the data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept or product description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed properties. All persons responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this manual must satisfy themselves that each intende...

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    Conformity this product complies with the directive of the council of the european communities on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to electromagnetic compatibility (emc directive 2004/108/ec) and concerning electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits (low-...

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    Table of contents section 1 introduction..........................................................................17 this manual............................................................................................ 17 intended audience..............................................................

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    Example 1.....................................................................................63 example 2.....................................................................................63 example 3.....................................................................................64 examples ...

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    Differential protection..................................................................104 zone selection (ct switching).................................................... 107 auxiliary contact requirement and evaluation.............................107 minimum contact requirements...................

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    Four step phase overcurrent protection oc4ptoc(51/67)..................161 identification.................................................................................... 161 application....................................................................................... 161 setting guidelines....

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    Directional underpower protection guppdup (37)..............................209 identification.................................................................................... 209 application....................................................................................... 209 setting guidel...

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    Equipment protection, such as for motors, generators, reactors and transformers.......................................................... 240 equipment protection, capacitors............................................... 240 power supply quality.........................................................

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    Negative sequence overcurrent protection.................................263 generator stator overload protection in accordance with iec or ansi standards...................................................................... 266 open phase protection for transformer, lines or generators and circuit ...

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    Double circuit breaker.................................................................291 breaker-and-a-half......................................................................292 setting guidelines............................................................................ 295 autorecloser for 1...

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    Switches (sxcbr/sxswi).........................................................329 reservation function (qcrsv and resin)................................330 interaction between modules...........................................................332 setting guidelines......................................

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    Interlocking for double cb bay db (3)............................................. 371 application..................................................................................371 configuration setting...................................................................372 interlocking for breaker...

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    Setting guidelines............................................................................ 384 logic for group alarm wrncalh.........................................................384 logic for group warning wrncalh................................................384 identification.................

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    Setting example...............................................................................396 comparator for real inputs - realcomp.............................................397 identification.................................................................................... 397 application.....

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    Application....................................................................................... 428 setting guidelines............................................................................ 429 limit counter l4ufcnt........................................................................429 i...

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    Spa communication protocol................................................................444 application....................................................................................... 444 setting guidelines............................................................................ 445 iec ...

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    Application....................................................................................... 466 setting guidelines............................................................................ 466 summation block 3 phase 3phsum.................................................... 467 application...

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    Current transformers according to iec 61869-2, class p, pr.... 486 current transformers according to iec 61869-2, class px, pxr (and old iec 60044-6, class tps and old british standard, class x).............................................. 487 current transformers according to ansi/ieee...............

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    Section 1 introduction 1.1 this manual the application manual contains application descriptions and setting guidelines sorted per function. The manual can be used to find out when and for what purpose a typical protection function can be used. The manual can also provide assistance for calculating s...

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    1.3 product documentation 1.3.1 product documentation set iec07000220-4-en.Vsd p la n n in g & p u rc h a se e n gi n e e rin g in st a lli n g c o m m is si o n in g o p e ra tio n m ai n te n a n ce d e co m m is si o n in g d e in st a lli n g & d is p o sa l application manual operation manual i...

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    The commissioning manual contains instructions on how to commission the ied. The manual can also be used by system engineers and maintenance personnel for assistance during the testing phase. The manual provides procedures for the checking of external circuitry and energizing the ied, parameter sett...

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    1.3.3 related documents documents related to reb670 document numbers application manual 1mrk 505 337-uus commissioning manual product guide 1mrk 505 340-ben technical manual 1mrk 505 338-uus type test certificate 1mrk 505 340-tus 670 series manuals document numbers operation manual 1mrk 500 123-uus ...

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    Class 1 laser product. Take adequate measures to protect the eyes and do not view directly with optical instruments. The caution icon indicates important information or warning related to the concept discussed in the text. It might indicate the presence of a hazard which could result in corruption o...

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    • the character ^ in front of an input/output signal name indicates that the signal name may be customized using the pcm600 software. • the character * after an input signal name indicates that the signal must be connected to another function block in the application configuration to achieve a valid...

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    Function block name edition 1 logical nodes edition 2 logical nodes busptrc_b4 busptrc busptrc busptrc_b5 busptrc busptrc busptrc_b6 busptrc busptrc busptrc_b7 busptrc busptrc busptrc_b8 busptrc busptrc busptrc_b9 busptrc busptrc busptrc_b10 busptrc busptrc busptrc_b11 busptrc busptrc busptrc_b12 bu...

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    Function block name edition 1 logical nodes edition 2 logical nodes bznspdif_b bznspdif bzbsgapc bzbspdif bznsgapc bznspdif bzntpdif_a bzntpdif bzatgapc bzatpdif bzntgapc bzntpdif bzntpdif_b bzntpdif bzbtgapc bzbtpdif bzntgapc bzntpdif cbpgapc cbplln0 cbpmmxu cbpptrc holptov hph1ptov ph3ptuc ph3ptoc...

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    Function block name edition 1 logical nodes edition 2 logical nodes ef2ptoc ef2lln0 ef2ptrc ef2rdir gen2phar ph1ptoc ef2ptrc ef2rdir gen2phar ph1ptoc ef4ptoc ef4lln0 ef4ptrc ef4rdir gen4phar ph1ptoc ef4ptrc ef4rdir gen4phar ph1ptoc efpioc efpioc efpioc efrwpioc efrwpioc efrwpioc etpmmtr etpmmtr etpm...

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    Function block name edition 1 logical nodes edition 2 logical nodes l4ufcnt l4ufcnt l4ufcnt l6cpdif l6cpdif l6cgapc l6cpdif l6cphar l6cptrc lappgapc lapplln0 lapppdup lapppupf lapppdup lapppupf lccrptrc lccrptrc lccrptrc lcnsptoc lcnsptoc lcnsptoc lcnsptov lcnsptov lcnsptov lcp3ptoc lcp3ptoc lcp3pto...

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    Function block name edition 1 logical nodes edition 2 logical nodes o2rwptov gen2lln0 o2rwptov ph1ptrc o2rwptov ph1ptrc oc4ptoc oc4lln0 gen4phar ph3ptoc ph3ptrc gen4phar ph3ptoc ph3ptrc oexpvph oexpvph oexpvph oosppam oosppam oosppam oosptrc ov2ptov gen2lln0 ov2ptov ph1ptrc ov2ptov ph1ptrc papgapc p...

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    Function block name edition 1 logical nodes edition 2 logical nodes sesrsyn rsy1lln0 aut1rsyn man1rsyn synrsyn aut1rsyn man1rsyn synrsyn singlelcch schlcch slgapc slggio slgapc smbrrec smbrrec smbrrec smpptrc smpptrc smpptrc sp16gapc sp16ggio sp16gapc spc8gapc spc8ggio spc8gapc spgapc spggio spgapc ...

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    Function block name edition 1 logical nodes edition 2 logical nodes uv2ptuv gen2lln0 ph1ptrc uv2ptuv ph1ptrc uv2ptuv vdcptov vdcptov vdcptov vdspvc vdrfuf vdspvc vmmxu vmmxu vmmxu vmsqi vmsqi vmsqi vnmmxu vnmmxu vnmmxu vrpvoc vrlln0 ph1ptrc ph1ptuv vrpvoc ph1ptrc ph1ptuv vrpvoc vsgapc vsggio vsgapc ...

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    Function block name edition 1 logical nodes edition 2 logical nodes zmrpdis zmrpdis zmrpdis zmrpsb zmrpsb zmrpsb zsmgapc zsmgapc zsmgapc section 1 1mrk 505 337-uus - introduction 30 application manual.

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    Section 2 application 2.1 general ied application the ied is designed for the selective, reliable and fast differential protection of busbars, t-connections and meshed corners. It can be used for protection of single and double busbar with or without transfer bus, double circuit breaker or breaker-a...

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    The fast tripping time (shortest trip time is 5ms) of the low-impedance differential protection function is especially advantageous for power system networks with high fault levels or where fast fault clearance is required for power system stability. All ct inputs are provided with a restraint featu...

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    Integrated overall check zone feature, independent from any disconnector position, is available. It can be used in double busbar stations to secure stability of the busbar differential protection in case of entirely wrong status indication of busbar disconnector in any of the feeder bays. Flexible, ...

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    It is normal practice to have just one busbar protection ied per busbar. Nevertheless some utilities do apply two independent busbar protection ieds per zone of protection. This ied fits both solutions. A simplified bus differential protection for multi-phase faults and ground faults can be obtained...

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    Iec 61850 ansi function description busbar busbar reb670 (customized) reb670 (a31a) differential protection butptrc, bcztpdif, bzntpdif, bzitggio, butsm4 87b busbar differential protection, 2 zones, three phase/4 bays butptrc, bcztpdif, bzntpdif, bzitggio, butsm8 87b busbar differential protection, ...

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    Iec 61850 ansi function description busbar busbar reb670 (customized) reb670 (a31a) ccrbrf 50bf breaker failure protection 0-8 8-c11 ccsrbrf 50bf breaker failure protection, single phase version 0-24 guppdup 37 directional underpower protection 0-4 goppdop 32 directional overpower protection 0-4 cbp...

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    Iec 61850 ansi function description busbar busbar reb670 reb670 (a31a) apc30 3 apparatus control for up to 6 bays, max 30 apparatuses (6cbs) incl. Interlocking 0-1 qcbay apparatus control 1+5/apc30 1 locrem handling of lrswitch positions 1+5/apc30 1 locremctrl lhmi control of psto 1+5/apc30 1 slgapc...

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    Iec 61850 ansi function description busbar busbar reb670 reb670 (a31a) and, gate, inv, lld, or, pulsetimer, rsmemory, srmemory, timerset, xor basic configurable logic blocks (see table 3 ) 40-420 40-28 0 andqt, indcombspqt, indextspqt, invalidqt, inverterqt, orqt, pulsetimerqt, rsmemoryqt, srmemoryq...

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    Iec 61850 ansi function description busbar busbar reb670 reb670 (a31a) drprdre, a1radr- a4radr, b1rbdr- b22rbdr disturbance report 1 1 spgapc generic communication function for single point indication 64 64 sp16gapc generic communication function for single point indication 16 inputs 16 16 mvgapc ge...

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    Table 3: total number of instances for basic configurable logic blocks basic configurable logic block total number of instances and 328 gate 64 inv 468 lld 40 or 481 pulsetimer 40 rsmemory 40 srmemory 40 timerset 84 xor 40 table 4: total number of instances for configurable logic blocks q/t configur...

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    Extended configurable logic block total number of instances srmemory 110 timerset 49 vsgapc 130 xor 49 2.5 communication iec 61850 ansi function description busbar busbar reb670 (customized) reb670 (a31a) station communication lonspa, spa spa communication protocol 1 1 ade lon communication protocol...

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    Iec 61850 ansi function description busbar busbar reb670 (customized) reb670 (a31a) gooseintrcv goose function block to receive an integer value 32 32 goosemvrcv goose function block to receive a measurand value 60 60 goosesprcv goose function block to receive a single point value 64 64 multicmdrcv,...

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    2.6 basic ied functions table 6: basic ied functions iec 61850 or function name description interrsig selfsupevlst self supervision with internal event list timesynchgen time synchronization module bininput, synchcan, synchgps, synchcmpps, synchlon, synchpph, synchpps, sntp, synchspa time synchroniz...

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    Iec 61850 or function name description primval primary system values altms time master supervision altim time management mstser dnp3.0 for serial communication protocol prodinf product information runtime ied runtime comp camconfig central account management configuration camstatus central account m...

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    Section 3 configuration 3.1 description of configuration reb670 3.1.1 available act configurations for pre-configured reb670 three configurations have been made available for pre-configured reb670 ied. It shall be noted that all three configurations include the following features: • fully configured...

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    Available. This configuration is available for only three reb670 variants (that is a31, b21 and b31). It shall be noted that optional functions breaker failure protection ccrbrf (50bf), end fault protection and overcurrent protection ph4sptoc (51) can be ordered together with this configuration, but...

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    Za zb reb670(a20-x01) / reb670(a31-x01) qa1 qb1 qa1 qb1 optional functions version of reb670 number of feeders in both busbar sections reb670(a20 – x01) 3-phase, 4 bays, 2 zones for simple station layout 12 ai 4 reb670(a31 – x01) 3-phase, 8 bays, 2 zones for simple station layout 24 ai 8 qa1 qb1 qa1...

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    3.1.6 description of 3 ph package a31a three-phase version of the ied with two low-impedance differential protection zones and eight three-phase ct inputs a31a. The version is intended for applications on smaller busbars, with up to two zones and eight ct inputs. Reb670 ansi(a20a-x00) / reb670 ansi(...

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    Za zb reb670(a31-x01) qa1 qb1 qa1 qb1 qa1 qb1 qa1 qb1 hw logic ac logic version of reb670 number of feeders in both busbar sections reb670(a31 – x01) 3-phase, 8 bays, 2 zones for simple station layout 24 ai 7* but ptrc 87b 3id/i but ptrc 87b 3id/i bznt pdif 87b 3id/i but ptrc 87b 3id/i bznt pdif 87b...

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    Guid-1264bcf9-f245-423c-b620-3d66f3292f41 v2 en figure 6: configuration diagram for a31, configuration x01_1 section 3 1mrk 505 337-uus - configuration 50 application manual.

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    Guid-33ad6ad4-3315-4a4c-ab05-c1c04e815866 v2 en figure 7: configuration diagram for a31, configuration x02 1mrk 505 337-uus - section 3 configuration 51 application manual.

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    Qb1 qb2 qa1 qb1 qb2 qa1 qb1 qb2 qa1 qb1 qb2 qa1 za zb 1 2 8 2 8 8 2 1 reb670(a31-x03) optional functions version of reb670 number of feeders in the station ( excluding bus coupler bay) reb670(a31 – x03) 3-phase, 8 bays, 2 zones for double busbar stations with breaker failure protection and end fault...

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    3.1.7 description of 1 ph package b20a one-phase version of the ied with two low-impedance differential protection zones and twelve ct inputs b20. • due to three available binary input modules, the b20a is intended for applications without need for dynamic zone selection such as substations with sin...

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    Reb670(b20-x01) / reb670(b21-x01) / reb670(b31-x01) phase l3 reb670(b20-x01) / reb670(b21-x01) / reb670(b31-x01) phase l2 za zb reb670(b20-x01) / reb670(b21-x01) / reb670(b31-x01) phase l1 qa1 qb1 qa1 qb1 optional functions qa1 qb1 qa1 qb1 bus ptrc 87b id/i bzns pdif 87b id/i bzns pdif 87b id/i bus ...

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    Reb670(b20-x01) /reb670(b21-x01) / reb670(b31-x01) phase l3 reb670(b20-x01) /reb670(b21-x01) / reb670(b31-x01) phase l2 reb670(b20-x01) /reb670(b21-x01) / reb670(b31-x01) phase l1 za zb qa1 qb1 qa1 qb1 qa1 qb1 qa1 qb1 hw logic ac logic bus ptrc 87b id/i bus ptrc 87b id/i bzns pdif 87b id/i bus ptrc ...

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    3.1.8 description of 1 ph package b31a one-phase version of the ied with two low-impedance differential protection zones and twenty-four ct inputs b31a. • the ied is intended for busbar protection applications in big substations where dynamic zone selection, quite large number of binary inputs and o...

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    Reb670(b20-x01) / reb670(b21-x01) / reb670(b31-x01) phase l3 reb670(b20-x01) / reb670(b21-x01) / reb670(b31-x01) phase l2 reb670(b20-x01) / reb670(b21-x01) / reb670(b31-x01) phase l1 reb670(b20-x01) / reb670(b21-x01) / reb670(b31-x01) phase l3 reb670(b20-x01) / reb670(b21-x01) / reb670(b31-x01) phas...

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    Reb670(b21-x02)/reb670(b31-x02)- phase l3 reb670(b21-x02)/reb670(b31-x02)- phase l2 qb1 qb2 qa1 qb1 qb2 qa1 qb1 qb2 qa1 qb1 qb2 qa1 za zb 1 2 2 n 2 1 reb670(b21-x02)/reb670(b31-x02)- phase l1 bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b bzis ggio 87b id/...

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    Qb1 qb2 qa1 qb1 qb2 qa1 qb1 qb2 qa1 qb1 qb2 qa1 za zb 1 2 2 n 2 1 optional functions bzis ggio 87b id/i bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b bdc gapc 87b ph4s ptoc 51 i> ccs rbrf 50bf i>bf ph4s ptoc 51 i> ccs rbrf 50bf i>bf bczs pdif 87b id/i bus ptrc 87b id/...

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    60

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    Section 4 analog inputs 4.1 introduction analog input channels must be configured and set properly in order to get correct measurement results and correct protection operations. For power measuring and all directional and differential functions the directions of the input currents must be defined in...

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    4.2.1.1 example usually the a phase-to-ground voltage connected to the first vt channel number of the transformer input module (trm) is selected as the phase reference. The first vt channel number depends on the type of transformer input module. For a trm with 6 current and 6 voltage inputs the firs...

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    4.2.2.1 example 1 two ieds used for protection of two objects. Transformer protection transformer line line setting of current input: set parameter ct_wyepoint with transformer as reference object. Correct setting is "toobject" forward reverse definition of direction for directional functions line p...

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    4.2.2.3 example 3 one ied used to protect two objects. Transformer and line protection transformer line setting of current input: set parameter ct_wyepoint with transformer as reference object. Correct setting is "toobject" reverse forward definition of direction for directional line functions setti...

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    Normally it is not any limitation but it is advisable to have it in mind and check if it is acceptable for the application in question. If the ied has a sufficient number of analog current inputs an alternative solution is shown in figure 18 . The same currents are fed to two separate groups of inpu...

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    Busbar protection busbar 1 2 2 1 en06000196_ansi.Vsd ansi06000196 v1 en figure 19: example how to set ct_wyepoint parameters in the ied for busbar protection it is possible to set the ct_wyepoint parameters in two ways. The first solution will be to use busbar as a reference object. In that case for...

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    Regardless which one of the above two options is selected busbar differential protection will behave correctly. The main ct ratios must also be set. This is done by setting the two parameters ctsec and ctprim for each current channel. For a 1000/5 a ct the following setting shall be used: • ctprim =...

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    It shall be noted that depending on national standard and utility practices, the rated secondary current of a ct has typically one of the following values: • 1a • 5a however in some cases the following rated secondary currents are used as well: • 2a • 10a the ied fully supports all of these rated se...

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    Protected object ct 600/5 star connected ied ansi3000002-2-en.Vsd 1 2 3 4 smai_20 a i_ a i_ b i_ c b c i_a i_b i_c ansi13000002 v2 en figure 21: wye connected three-phase ct set with wye point towards the protected object where: 1) the drawing shows how to connect three individual phase currents fro...

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    3) these three connections are the links between the three current inputs and the three input channels of the preprocessing function block 4). Depending on the type of functions, which need this current information, more than one preprocessing block might be connected in parallel to the same three p...

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    Protected object ct 800/1 star connected ied ansi11000026-4-en.Vsd 4 1 2 3 a ia ib ic b c ia ib ic smai_20_2 block revrot ^grp2l1 ^grp2l2 ^grp2l3 ^grp2n ai3p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4 ain 5 ansi11000026 v4 en figure 22: wye connected three-phase ct set with its star point away from the protected object in the...

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    7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 a ia ib ic b c protected object ct 800/1 wye connected ia ib ic ai 01 (i) ai 02 (i) ai 03 (i) ai 04 (i) ai 05 (i) ai 06 (i) in ied 1 3 4 2 5 ansi06000644-2-en.Vsd 6 smai2 block ai3p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4 ain ^grp2_b ^grp2_a ^grp2_c ^grp2n type ansi06000644 v2 en figure 23: wye c...

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    5) is a connection made in the signal matrix tool (smt), application configuration tool (act), which connects the residual/neutral current input to the fourth input channel of the preprocessing function block 6). Note that this connection in smt shall not be done if the residual/neutral current is n...

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    A ia ib ic b c protected object ied c t 6 0 0/ 5 in d e lta d a b c o nn ec te d ia-ib ib-ic ic-ia 1 2 3 4 ansi11000027-2-en.Vsd smai_20 ansi11000027 v2 en figure 24: delta dab connected three-phase ct set section 4 1mrk 505 337-uus - analog inputs 74 application manual.

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    Where: 1) shows how to connect three individual phase currents from a delta connected three-phase ct set to three ct inputs of the ied. 2) is the trm where these current inputs are located. It shall be noted that for all these current inputs the following setting values shall be entered. Ct prim =60...

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    A ia ib ic b c protected object ied c t 8 0 0 /1 in d e lta d c a c o n ne ct ed ic-ib ib-ia ia-ic 2 3 4 ansi11000028-2-en.Vsd smai_20 ansi11000028 v2 en figure 25: delta dac connected three-phase ct set in this case, everything is done in a similar way as in the above described example, except that...

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    For correct terminal designations, see the connection diagrams valid for the delivered ied. Protected object a b c ied in p 2 4 ansi11000029-3-en.Vsd 3 c t 1 0 0 0 /1 a) b) ins ins (+) (+) (-) (-) (+) (-) 1 smai_20_2 block revrot ^grp2_a ^grp2_b ^grp2_c ^grp2_n ai3p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4 ain ansi11000029 ...

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    Where: 1) shows how to connect single-phase ct input in the ied. 2) is trm where these current inputs are located. It shall be noted that for all these current inputs the following setting values shall be entered. For connection (a) shown in figure 26 : ct prim = 1000 a ct sec = 1a ctwyepoint = toob...

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    A (h1) b (h2) b (x2) a (x1) a (h1) n (h2) n (x2) a (x1) b) c) a (h1) n (h2) dn (x2) da (x1) d) v pri + + v sec a) ansi11000175_1_en.Vsd ansi11000175 v1 en figure 27: commonly used markings of vt terminals where: a) is the symbol and terminal marking used in this document. Terminals marked with a squ...

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    For correct terminal designations, see the connection diagrams valid for the delivered ied. 19 20 21 22 23 24 13 14 15 16 17 18 a ai 07 (i) ai 08 (v) ai 09 (v) ai 10 (v) ai 11 (v) ai 12 (v) ied b c 66 3 110 3 kv v 1 3 2 66 3 110 3 kv v 66 3 110 3 kv v #not used 5 ansi06000599-2-en.Vsd smai2 block ^g...

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    Where: 1) shows how to connect three secondary phase-to-ground voltages to three vt inputs on the ied 2) is the trm where these three voltage inputs are located. For these three voltage inputs, the following setting values shall be entered: vtprim = 66 kv vtsec = 110 v inside the ied, only the ratio...

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    19 20 21 22 23 24 13 14 15 16 17 18 a ai 07(i) ai08 (v) ai09 (v) ai10(v) ai11(v) ai12(v) ied b c 13.8 120 kv v 1 2 3 #not used 13.8 120 kv v 5 ansi06000600-3-en.Vsd smai2 block ^grp2_a (a-b) ^grp2_b (b-c) ^grp2_c (c-a) ^grp2n type ai3p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4 ain 4 ansi06000600 v3 en figure 29: a two phase-...

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    3) are three connections made in the signal matrix tool (smt), application configuration tool (act), which connects these three voltage inputs to first three input channels of the preprocessing function block 5). Depending on the type of functions, which need this voltage information, more than one ...

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    19 20 21 22 23 24 13 14 15 16 17 18 a ai 07 (i) ai 08 (v) ai 09 (v) ai 10 (v) ai 11 (v) ai 12 (v) ied b c 6.6 3 110 3 kv v +3vo 6.6 3 110 3 kv v 6.6 3 110 3 kv v 1 2 4 3 # not used 5 ansi06000601-2-en.Vsd # not used # not used smai2 block ^grp2_a ^grp2_b ^grp2_c ^grp2n type ai3p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4 ain ...

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    Where: 1) shows how to connect the secondary side of the open delta vt to one vt input on the ied. +3vo shall be connected to the ied 2) is the trm where this voltage input is located. It shall be noted that for this voltage input the following setting values shall be entered: 3 6.6 11.43 vtprim kv ...

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    4.2.3.6 example how to connect the open delta vt to the ied for low impedance grounded or solidly grounded power systems figure 31 gives an example about the connection of an open delta vt to the ied for low impedance grounded or solidly grounded power systems. It shall be noted that this type of vt...

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    19 20 21 22 23 24 13 14 15 16 17 18 a ai07 (i) ai08 (v) ai09 (v) ai10 (v) ai11 (v) ai12 (v) ied b c 138 3 115 3 kv v +3vo 138 3 115 3 kv v 138 3 115 3 kv v 1 2 4 3 ansi06000602-2-en.Vsd 5 # not used # not used # not used smai2 block ^grp2_a ^grp2_b ^grp2_c ^grp2n type ai3p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4 ain ansi06...

  • Page 94

    Where: 1) shows how to connect the secondary side of open delta vt to one vt input in the ied. +3vo shall be connected to the ied. 2) is trm where this voltage input is located. It shall be noted that for this voltage input the following setting values shall be entered: 138 3 138 3 vtprim kv = × = e...

  • Page 95

    4.2.3.7 example on how to connect a neutral point vt to the ied figure 32 gives an example on how to connect a neutral point vt to the ied. This type of vt connection presents secondary voltage proportional to v 0 to the ied. In case of a solid ground fault in high impedance grounded or ungrounded s...

  • Page 96

    Where: 1) shows how to connect the secondary side of neutral point vt to one vt input in the ied. V 0 shall be connected to the ied. 2) is the trm or aim where this voltage input is located. For this voltage input the following setting values shall be entered: 6.6 3.81 3 vtprim kv = = equation1933 v...

  • Page 97

    Section 5 local hmi ansi13000239-2-en.Vsd ansi13000239 v2 en figure 33: local human-machine interface the lhmi of the ied contains the following elements: 1mrk 505 337-uus - section 5 local hmi 91 application manual.

  • Page 98

    • keypad • display (lcd) • led indicators • communication port for pcm600 the lhmi is used for setting, monitoring and controlling. 5.1 display the lhmi includes a graphical monochrome liquid crystal display (lcd) with a resolution of 320 x 240 pixels. The character size can vary. The display view i...

  • Page 99

    Iec15000270-1-en.Vsdx iec15000270 v1 en figure 34: display layout 1 path 2 content 3 status 4 scroll bar (appears when needed) the function key button panel shows on request what actions are possible with the function buttons. Each function button has a led indication that can be used as a feedback ...

  • Page 100

    Iec13000281-1-en.Vsd guid-c98d972d-d1d8-4734-b419-161dbc0dc97b v1 en figure 35: function button panel the indication led panel shows on request the alarm text labels for the indication leds. Three indication led pages are available. Iec13000240-1-en.Vsd guid-5157100f-e8c0-4fab-b979-fd4a971475e3 v1 e...

  • Page 101

    5.2 leds the lhmi includes three protection status leds above the display: normal, pickup and trip. There are 15 programmable indication leds on the front of the lhmi. Each led can indicate three states with the colors: green, yellow and red. The texts related to each three- color led are divided in...

  • Page 102

    Ansi15000157-1-en.Vsdx 1 18 19 7 6 5 4 3 2 8 20 21 22 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 23 24 ansi15000157 v1 en figure 37: lhmi keypad with object control, navigation and command push-buttons and rj-45 communication port 1...5 function button 6 close 7 open 8 escape 9 left 10 down 11 up 12 right 13 key 14 ...

  • Page 103

    19 menu 20 clear 21 help 22 communication port 23 programmable indication leds 24 ied status leds 5.4 local hmi functionality 5.4.1 protection and alarm indication protection indicators the protection indicator leds are normal, pickup and trip. Table 8: normal led (green) led state description off a...

  • Page 104

    Table 10: trip led (red) led state description off normal operation. On a protection function has tripped. An indication message is displayed if the auto-indication feature is enabled in the local hmi. The trip indication is latching and must be reset via communication, lhmi or binary input on the l...

  • Page 105

    Numerical values are presented either in integer or in decimal format with minimum and maximum values. Character strings can be edited character by character. Enumerated values have a predefined set of selectable values. 5.4.3 front communication the rj-45 port in the lhmi enables front communicatio...

  • Page 106

    100

  • Page 107

    Section 6 differential protection 6.1 busbar differential protection 6.1.1 identification busbar differential protection, 3-phase version function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number busbar differential protection, 2 zones, three phase/4 bays b...

  • Page 108

    Busbar differential protection, 1-phase version function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number busbar differential protection, 2 zones, single phase/12 or 24 bays busptrc 3id/i symbol-jj v1 en 87b busbar differential protection, 2 zones, single p...

  • Page 109

    6.1.2 basic applications 6.1.2.1 general basic types of applications for reb670 ied are shown and described in this chapter. For these applications usually three phase version of the ied, with two differential zone and four (or even eight) 3-phase ct inputs, is used. 6.1.2.2 meshed corner applicatio...

  • Page 110

    As a delayed tripping for busbar faults can also lead to network instability, pole slip of near- by generators and even total system collapse. For bus zone protection applications, it is extremely important to have good security since an unwanted operation might have severe consequences. The unwante...

  • Page 111

    Busbar differential ieds do not measure directly the primary currents in the high voltage conductors, but the secondary currents of magnetic core current transformers (that is, cts), which are installed in all high-voltage bays connected to the busbar. Therefore, the busbar differential ied is uniqu...

  • Page 112

    In new numerical protection ieds, all ct and vt inputs are galvanically separated from each other. All analog input quantities are sampled with a constant sampling rate and these discreet values are then transferred to corresponding numerical values (that is, ad conversion). After these conversions,...

  • Page 113

    6.1.3.4 zone selection (ct switching) the so-called ct switching (that is, zone selection) is required in situation when one particular circuit (that is, bay) can be connected to different busbars by individual disconnectors. Typical example is a station with double busbars with or without transfer ...

  • Page 114

    6.1.3.6 minimum contact requirements the minimum requirement for the busbar replica is the record of the disconnector position by using just one auxiliary contact, either no or nc type. However recording a pair of auxiliary contacts, representing the open and close position, offer additional feature...

  • Page 115

    Table 12: treatment of primary object auxiliary contact status within bbp in reb670 primary equipment status in busbar protection alarm facility normally open auxiliary contact status (“closed” or “a” contact) normally closed auxiliary contact status (“open” or “b” contact) when “scheme 1 radss” is ...

  • Page 116

    Bbp input „closed“ input „open“ n.O. N.C. 1 0 1 0 1 0 closed open arcing possible current assignment 2) 1) 1) 1) disconnector supervision running 2) bi „closed“ should change before arcing distance en06000085.Vsd iec06000085 v1 en figure 41: scheme2_inx circuit breaker replica the circuit breaker po...

  • Page 117

    189 za zb 289 989 189g en06000086_ansi.Vsd 152 ansi06000086 v1 en figure 42: feeder bay layout when line disconnector position might be required for busbar protection such feeder set-up can be often found in gis stations where cable cts are used for busbar protection. If in such feeder the line disc...

  • Page 118

    1. Fixedtoza 2. Fixedtozb 3. Fixedtoza&-zb 4. Ctrlincludes 5. Ctrlexcludes if for a particular ct input setting parameter zonesel is set to fixedtoza, then this ct input will be only included to the differential zone a. This setting is typically used for simple single zone application such as: singl...

  • Page 119

    This setting is typically used for feeder bays in double busbar single breaker stations in order to form proper busbar disconnector replica. It is especially suitable when only normally closed (that is, b) auxiliary contact from the busbar disconnector(s) is available to the ied. For more informatio...

  • Page 120

    Protection scheme for this type of stations. In such application the bus section or bus coupler current transformers shall be wired just to two separate current input of the ied. Then in the parameter setting tool (pst) for the corresponding bays the parameter zonesel shall be set to fixedtoza in on...

  • Page 121

    As soon as the bus-section or bus-coupler circuit breaker is opened. This arrangement can be easily achieved within the ied. In such application the bus section or bus coupler current transformer shall be wired just to one current input of the ied. Then in the parameter setting tool for the correspo...

  • Page 122

    This scheme will disconnect the section/coupler cts after about 80 ms (pre-set time under parameter setting tzerocurrent in the relevant bay function block) from the moment of opening of the section/coupler cb ( that is, from the moment when auxiliary b contact makes). Nevertheless this time delay i...

  • Page 123

    En06000137_ansi.Vsd zone a zone b zi active bom bim reb 670 bus coupler extstart alarm indication that zone interconnection is active b c c b cl o si ng sw itc h 189 289 152 52b and not 0-toff ansi06000137 v1 en figure 47: configuration logic for bus coupler without main cts 6.1.3.10 end fault prote...

  • Page 124

    En06000138_ansi.Vsd bi1 bi1 busbar protection feeder protection bi1 busbar protection feeder protection bi1 busbar protection feeder protection a b 1 c 1 152 152 152 ansi06000138 v1 en figure 48: typical ct locations in a feeder bay where: a = two cts are available one on each side of the feeder cir...

  • Page 125

    Za xx06000139_ansi.Vsd 4 3 1 2 152 152 152 152 ansi06000139 v1 en figure 49: busbar protection measuring and fault clearing boundaries where: 1 is busbar protection measuring boundary determined by feeder ct locations 2 is busbar protection internal fault clearing boundary determined by feeder cb lo...

  • Page 126

    • for feeders with ct on the line side of the circuit breaker (that is, two feeders on the left-hand side in figure 49 ), the current measurement can be disconnected from the busbar protection zone some time after feeder cb opening (for example, 400 ms for transformer and cable feeders or longest au...

  • Page 127

    (189 and 289) the opening of the bus coupler circuit breaker is sometimes interlocked while both busbar disconnectors within one of the feeder bays are closed. • opening of the feeder bay busbar disconnector originally closed. The load is now transferred from one to other bus. • opening of bus coupl...

  • Page 128

    Value or active binary input, while zone switching feature is active within the ied. This setting is typically used for bus coupler bay in double busbar stations. If for a particular ct input setting parameter zoneswitching is set to forcein, then this ct input will be connected to both the differen...

  • Page 129

    Differential protection operation characteristic operate region diff oper level i d [p rim ar y a m ps ] i in [primary amps] s=0.53 i d =i in sensitive differential protection en06000142.Vsd sensitive oper level sens iin block iec06000142 v1 en figure 50: differential protection operation characteri...

  • Page 130

    En06000062.Vsd oper level s=0.0-0.90 (settable) i out [primary amps] i d [ p rim a ry a m p s] operate region iec06000062 v1 en figure 51: check zone operation characteristic note that the check zone minimum differential operational level operlevel shall be set equal to or less than the correspondin...

  • Page 131

    • the ct switching is made only in software, and ct secondary current circuits do not include any auxiliary contacts, as shown in figure 62 . • the ied is always supplied with a special zone and phase selective “open ct detection” algorithm, which can instantly block the differential function in cas...

  • Page 132

    6.1.3.13 trip arrangement with one-phase version when one-phase version of the ied is used it is typically required to have three ieds (that is, one per phase). Thus, when busbar protection in one ied operates the trip commands will be given to all bays but internal circuit breaker failure function ...

  • Page 133

    Ied 670 ied 670 ied 670 switch zonea trip zoneb trip ext zonea trip ext zoneb trip ext zonea trip ext zoneb trip 50 ms 50 ms 50 ms t 50 ms ie c 6 1 85 0 p or t ( o e m ) ie c 6 1 85 0 p or t ( o e m ) en06000227.Vsd s am e g o o s e f ro m ie d # 3 to w a rd s ie d # 1 a n d ie d # 2 s am e g o o s ...

  • Page 134

    Contacts are required and only rxms 1/ar relays when medium duty contacts are sufficient. This solution is especially suitable for the station arrangements, which require the dynamic zone selection logic (that is, so called ct switching). 6.1.3.16 mechanical lock-out function it is sometimes require...

  • Page 135

    6.1.3.18 trip circuit supervision for busbar protection trip circuit supervision is mostly required to supervise the trip circuit from the individual bay ied panel to the circuit breaker. It can be arranged also for the tripping circuits from the busbar protection. However, it can be stated that the...

  • Page 136

    This type of busbar arrangement can be very easily protected. The most common setups for this type of station are described in the following table. Table 13: typical solutions for single busbar arrangement version of reb670 ied numbers of feeders per busbar number of reb670 ieds required for the sch...

  • Page 137

    189 za zb ansi11000238-1-en.Vsd 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 ansi11000238 v1 en figure 54: example of two single busbar sections with bus-sectionalizing disconnector and eight feeder bays per each busbar section the most common setups for this type of station are described in the following table. Tab...

  • Page 138

    Differential zones, one for each busbar section. If there is an internal fault on one of the two sections, bus-section circuit breaker and all feeder circuit breakers associated with this section have to be tripped, leaving the other busbar section in normal operation. Xx06000088_ansi.Vsd za zb 152 ...

  • Page 139

    Busbar station with sectionalizer or bus-section breaker, but are characterized by very limited number of feeder bays connected to the station (normally only two ohl and two transformers). 01 02 04 03 za zb xx06000121_ansi.Vsd 52 52 52 52 52 ansi06000121 v1 en figure 56: example of h-type station th...

  • Page 140

    Table 16: typical solutions for h-type stations version of reb670 ied number of differential zones/number of feeders per zone number of reb670 ieds required for the scheme 3ph; 2-zones, 4-bays bbp (a20) 1/4 1 3ph; 2-zones, 8-bays bbp (a31) 2/3 1 1ph; 2-zones, 12-bays bbp (b20) na na 1ph; 2-zones, 12...

  • Page 141

    Load will not be interrupted. The tripping logic for the circuit breaker failure protection must be carefully arranged. The most common setups for this type of busbar arrangement are described in the following table. Table 17: typical solutions for double circuit breaker busbar arrangement version o...

  • Page 142

    En06000148_ansi.Vsd double breaker reb 670 ctrlza ctrlzb trip connza connzb bxxx i3pb1 blktr trzone trbay bom ctrlza ctrlzb trip connza connzb bxxx i3pb1 blktr trzone trbay ct input trm 152 internal bfp backup trip command zone b other equipment other equipment ct input zone a a/d a/d 252 internal b...

  • Page 143

    Za zb ansi11000240-1-en.Vsd 252 252 252 252 252 152 352 152 152 152 152 352 352 352 352 ansi11000240 v1 en figure 59: example of breaker-and-a-half station all breakers are normally closed. The requirement for the busbar protection scheme is that the scheme must have two independent differential zon...

  • Page 144

    A principle overall drawing of how to use reb670 for breaker-and-a-half station including internal cbf protection for middle breaker is given in figure 60 . En06000149_ansi.Vsd reb 670 or bfp remote end inter- trip feeder 1 ctrlza ctrlzb trip connza connzb bxxx i3pb1 blktr trzone trbay zone a bbp & ...

  • Page 145

    189 289 189 289 189 289 189 289 189 289 189 289 za zb ansi11000239-1-en.Vsd 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 ansi11000239 v1 en figure 61: example of double busbar station this type of busbar arrangement is very common. It is often preferred for larger installations. It provides good balance between main...

  • Page 146

    For station with just one ct in the bus-coupler bay, it might be required, depending on the client requirements, to provide the special scheme for disconnection of bus-coupler ct when the bus-coupler cb is open. For more info please refer to figure 45 . Some principle overall drawings of how to use ...

  • Page 147

    Zone a zone b bi1 reb 670 ct input aux . B contact closed open ctrlza ctrlzb trip connza connzb bxxx i3pb1 blktr trzone trbay bbp & bfp trip command to feeder breaker bim bom main contact open closed set parameter zonesel=" ctrlexcludes" feeder bay other equipment a/d trm feeder backup oc trip disco...

  • Page 148

    En06000153_ansi.Vsd bom 189 zone a zone b bus-coupler bay reb 670 ctrlza ctrlzb trip connza connzb bxxx i3pb1 blktr trzone trbay bbp & bfp trip command to bus-coupler breaker bi1 bi2 ct input a/d a/d ctrlza ctrlzb trip connza connzb bxxx i3pb1 blktr trzone trbay parameter zonesel must be set to "fix...

  • Page 149

    En06000154_ansi.Vsd zone a zone b bus-coupler bay reb 670 ctrlza ctrlzb trip connza connzb bxxx i3pb1 blktr trzone trbay bbp & bfp trip command to bus-coupler breaker bom a/d parameter zonesel must be set to "fixedtoza&-zb" tzerocurrent=150ms other equipment ct input trm external or internal bus-cou...

  • Page 150

    En06000155_ansi.Vsd zone a zone b bus-coupler bay reb 670 ctrlza ctrlzb trip connza connzb bxxx i3pb1 blktr trzone trbay bbp & bfp trip command to bus-coupler breaker bom a/d parameter zonesel must be set to "fixedtoza&-zb" tzerocurrent=150ms other equipment ct input trm external or internal bus-cou...

  • Page 151

    With reb670 this type of arrangement can be protected as described in the following table. Table 20: possible solutions for a typical gis station version of reb670 ied number of feeders on each side of the station (excluding bus-coupler & bus-section bays) number of reb670 ieds required for the sche...

  • Page 152

    189 289 189 289 189 289 189 289 789 2089 289 789 189 za zb xx06000015_ansi.Vsd 152 152 152 152 152 789 789 789 ansi06000015 v1 en figure 68: example of double busbar-single breaker with transfer bus arrangement this type of busbar arrangement is very common in some countries. It provides good balanc...

  • Page 153

    Please note that table 21 is given for the preconfigured versions of reb670 which do not contain any vt inputs. Note that for station layouts where combined transfer and bus-coupler bay is used, as for example is shown in figure 68 , two internal bay function blocks must be allocated to such primary...

  • Page 154

    Xx06000124_ansi.Vsd za zb 289 189 289 189 152 152 252 152 252 152 ansi06000124 v1 en figure 70: combination between double breaker and double busbar station layouts in this type of arrangement the double breaker bay has in the same time the role of the bus- coupler bay for normal double busbar singl...

  • Page 155

    Xx06000125_ansi.Vsd za zb 152 152 152 252 252 252 352 352 352 152 152 352 352 252 252 152 152 289 189 189 289 ansi06000125 v1 en figure 71: combination between one-and-half breaker and double busbar station layouts for this type of busbar arrangement the double busbar bay is usually connected to the...

  • Page 156

    Auxiliary summation ct *) type slce 8; 1/1a, 2/1a or 5/1a + three one-phase reb670 single one-phase reb670 up to 18 pcs auxiliary cts *) one slce 8 per main ct reb670 with 1a ct inputs reb670 reb670 reb670 @ iec06000126_2_en.Vsd iec06000126 v2 en figure 72: difference between phase segregated & summ...

  • Page 157

    Ansi06000127_2_en.Vsd ied with 1a ct inputs ib2 ix2 ia2 a b c n ia1 ib1 ix1 la lb lx a-bus summation cts main cts ct1 ct2 . . . Ct24 a b c n a b c n 52 52 52 ansi06000127 v2 en figure 73: principle ct connections for the complete station this summation type bus differential protection still has the ...

  • Page 158

    • only one measuring circuit is utilized for all fault types (that is, no redundancy for multi-phase faults) • primary fault sensitivity varies depending on the type of fault and involved phase(s), see table 24 • the load currents in the healthy phases might produce the stabilizing current when an i...

  • Page 159

    1. Asct type with ratio 1/1a, for balanced 3-ph current input, shall be used with all main current transformers with 1a rated secondary current (that is, 2000/1a) 2. Asct type with ratio 5/1a, for balanced 3-ph current input, shall be used with all main current transformers with 5a rated secondary c...

  • Page 160

    6.1.5.3 possible asct connections for reb670 it is possible to connect the ascts for summated bus differential protection with reb670: • at the end of the main ct circuit (for example, beyond the other protective relays, as shown in figure 75 • in series with other secondary equipment when some othe...

  • Page 161

    Other relays ia ib ic en06000129_ansi.Vsd ic auxiliary summation ct type slce 8; 1/1 or 5/1a or 2/1a n4 s1 s 2 a103 x401 5 6 reb 670 with 1a cts c b a n ia in in main ct 2000/1a or 2000/5a or 2000/2a i summ other relays p1 n1 p2 p3 n2 p4 p5 n3 p6 ansi06000129 v1 en figure 76: series-connection with ...

  • Page 162

    Value must be multiplied by a coefficient shown in the table 24 in order to calculate the actual primary pickup value. Table 24: pickup coefficients for summated differential protection type of fault a-gnd b-gnd c-gnd a-b bc c-a abc asct end connected 0.434 0.578 0.867 1.732 1.732 0.867 1.0 asct ser...

  • Page 163

    Table 25: functions functions comment busbar differential protection differential protection, sensitive differential protection, oct algorithm, check zone and differential supervision features will be connected to the summated bay currents. Therefore, they will have different level depending on the ...

  • Page 164

    Functions comment drprdre function trip value recording feature will be connected to the individual summated bay current. Therefore recorded trip current values will not correspond to any actual primary currents. However such records can still be used to evaluate internal busbar protection, ccrbrf/c...

  • Page 165

    1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 ia i ib a a i ic a a i = × é ù é ù é ù ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú ë û ë û ë û equation1786-ansi v1 en (equation 19) where: a is complex constant (that is, a=-0.5+j0.866). By including equation 16 , equation 17 , equation 18 and equation 19 into the equation 15 the equati...

  • Page 166

    N4 k 3 n × × = equation1110 v1 en (equation 24) where: k is a constant, which depends on the type of asct (that is, k=1, for 1/1a asct or k=5 for 5/1a asct or k=2 for 2/1a asct). The well-known relationship, between positive, negative and zero sequence current components and individual phase current...

  • Page 167

    Section 7 current protection 7.1 four step phase overcurrent protection oc4ptoc(51/67) 7.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number four step phase overcurrent protection 3-phase output oc4ptoc toc-reva v2 en 51_67 7.1.2 ap...

  • Page 168

    Non-directional / directional function: in most applications the non-directional functionality is used. This is mostly the case when no fault current can be fed from the protected object itself. In order to achieve both selectivity and fast fault clearance, the directional function can be necessary....

  • Page 169

    Time delay. Thus, if only the inverse time delay is required, it is important to set the definite time delay for that stage to zero. The parameters for four step phase overcurrent protection 3-phase output oc4ptoc (51/67) are set via the local hmi or pcm600. The following settings can be done for oc...

  • Page 170

    V ref i dir ansi09000636-1-en.Vsd 1 2 2 3 4 ansi09000636 v1 en figure 77: directional function characteristic 1. Rca = relay characteristic angle 2. Roa = relay operating angle 3. Reverse 4. Forward 7.1.3.1 settings for each step x means step 1, 2, 3 and 4. Dirmodeselx: the directional mode of step ...

  • Page 171

    Characteristx: selection of time characteristic for step x. Definite time delay and different types of inverse time characteristics are available according to table 26 . Table 26: inverse time characteristics curve name ansi extremely inverse ansi very inverse ansi normal inverse ansi moderately inv...

  • Page 172

    I3>maxed2set: maximum settable operating phase current level for step 3 in % of ibase, for 61850 ed.2 settings i4>mined2set: minimum settable operating phase current level for step 4 in % of ibase, for 61850 ed.2 settings i4>maxed2set: maximum settable operating phase current level for step 4 in % o...

  • Page 173

    Iminx operate time current tx txmin iec10000058 iec10000058 v2 en figure 78: minimum operate current and operation time for inverse time characteristics in order to fully comply with curves definition setting parameter txmin shall be set to the value, which is equal to the operating time of the sele...

  • Page 174

    For iec inverse time characteristics the possible delay time settings are instantaneous (1) and iec (2 = set constant time reset). For the customer tailor made inverse time delay characteristics (type 17) all three types of reset time characteristics are available; instantaneous (1), iec (2 = set co...

  • Page 175

    Harmrestrainx: this parameter can be set disabled/enabled, to disable or enable the 2nd harmonic restrain. The four step phase overcurrent protection 3-phase output can be used in different ways, depending on the application where the protection is used. A general description is given below. The pic...

  • Page 176

    Im ax ipu 1.2 k ³ × equation1262 v2 en (equation 28) where: 1.2 is a safety factor k is the resetting ratio of the protection imax is the maximum load current from operation statistics the load current up to the present situation can be found. The current setting must be valid also for some years ah...

  • Page 177

    (primary protected zone). A fault current calculation gives the largest current of faults, iscmax, at the most remote part of the primary protected zone. Considerations have to be made to the risk of transient overreach, due to a possible dc component of the short circuit current. The lowest current...

  • Page 178

    En05000204.Wmf iec05000204 v1 en figure 80: fault time with maintained selectivity the operation time can be set individually for each overcurrent protection. To assure selectivity between different protections, in the radial network, there have to be a minimum time difference dt between the time de...

  • Page 179

    Example for time coordination assume two substations a and b directly connected to each other via one line, as shown in the figure 81 . Consider a fault located at another line from the station b. The fault current to the overcurrent protection of ied b1 has a magnitude so that the protection will h...

  • Page 180

    40 100 40 40 220 t ms ms ms ms ms d ³ + + + = equation1266 v1 en (equation 32) where it is considered that: the operate time of overcurrent protection b1 is 40 ms the breaker open time is 100 ms the resetting time of protection a1 is 40 ms and the additional margin is 40 ms 7.2 four step single phas...

  • Page 181

    In many applications several steps with different current pick up levels and time delays are needed. Ph4sptoc(51) can have up to four different, individual settable, steps. The flexibility of each step of ph4sptoc(51) function is great. The following options are possible: choice of delay time charac...

  • Page 182

    2ndharmstab: operate level of 2 nd harmonic current restrain set in % of the fundamental current. The setting range is 5-100% of ibase in steps of 1%. Default setting is 20%. Harmrestrainx: disabled/enabled, enables blocking from harmonic restrain. 7.2.3.1 settings for each step (x = 1-4) characteri...

  • Page 183

    Inxmult: multiplier for scaling of the current setting value. If a binary input signal (enablemultiplier) is activated the current operation level is increase by this setting constant. Setting range: 1.0-10.0 txmin: minimum operation time for iec inverse time characteristics. At high currents the in...

  • Page 184

    [ ] > p a t s b ixmult i c in = + × - æ ö ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ æ ö ç ÷ ç ÷ è ø è ø equation1261 v2 en (equation 33) for more information, please refer to the “technical reference manual”. Tprcrvx, ttrcrvx, tcrcrvx: parameters for customer creation of inverse reset time characteristic curve (reset curve type ...

  • Page 185

    Operate current current i the ied does not reset line phase current time t reset current iec05000203-en-2.Vsd iec05000203 v3 en figure 82: pick up and reset current for an overcurrent protection the lowest setting value can be written according to equation 34 . Im ax ipu 1.2 k ³ × equation1262 v2 en...

  • Page 186

    Disconnectors. The manufacturer of the equipment normally gives the maximum thermal load current of the equipment. There is also a demand that all faults, within the zone that the protection shall cover, must be detected by the phase overcurrent protection. The minimum fault current i scmin , to be ...

  • Page 187

    The operate times of the phase overcurrent protection has to be chosen so that the fault time is so short so that equipment will not be destroyed due to thermal overload, at the same time as selectivity is assured. For overcurrent protection, in a radial fed network, the time setting can be chosen i...

  • Page 188

    Protection operation time: 15-60 ms protection resetting time: 15-60 ms breaker opening time: 20-120 ms example assume two substations a and b directly connected to each other via one line, as shown in the figure below. We study a fault located at another line from the station b. The fault current t...

  • Page 189

    Are uncertainties in the values of protection operation time, breaker opening time and protection resetting time. Therefor a safety margin has to be included. With normal values the needed time difference can be calculated according to equation 38 . 40 100 40 40 220 t ms ms ms ms ms d ³ + + + = equa...

  • Page 190

    Globalbasesel: selects the global base value group used by the function to define (ibase), (vbase) and (sbase). Operation: sets the protection to enabled or disabled. 7.3.2.1 settings for each step (x = 1, 2, 3 and 4) dirmodeselx: the directional mode of step x. Possible settings are disabled/non- d...

  • Page 191

    In1>mined2set: minimum operate residual current level for step 1 in % of ibase, for 61850 ed.2 settings in1>maxed2set: maximum operate residual current level for step 1 in % of ibase, for 61850 ed.2 settings in2>mined2set:: minimum operate residual current level for step 2 in % of ibase, for 61850 e...

  • Page 192

    In order to fully comply with curves definition the setting parameter txmin shall be set to the value which is equal to the operate time of the selected iec inverse curve for measured current of twenty times the set current pickup value. Note that the operate time value is dependent on the selected ...

  • Page 193

    V pol = 3v 0 or v 2 rca operation idirpu en 05000135-4- ansi.Vsd ansi05000135 v3 en figure 86: relay characteristic angle given in degree in a normal transmission network a normal value of rca is about 65°. The setting range is -180° to +180°. Polmethod: defines if the directional polarization is fr...

  • Page 194

    Protection. The maximum ground-fault current at the local source can be used to calculate the value of zn as v/(√3 · 3i 0 ) typically, the minimum znpol (3 · zero sequence source) is set. Setting is in primary ohms. When the dual polarizing method is used it is important that the settingpickupxor th...

  • Page 195

    The inrush currents of the two transformers will be in phase opposition. The summation of the two currents will thus give a small 2 nd harmonic current. The residual fundamental current will however be significant. The inrush current of the transformer in service before the parallel transformer ener...

  • Page 196

    Sotf and under time are similar functions to achieve fast clearance at asymmetrical closing based on requirements from different utilities. The function is divided into two parts. The sotf function will give operation from step 2 or 3 during a set time after change in the position of the circuit bre...

  • Page 197

    7.4.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number four step negative sequence overcurrent protection ns4ptoc i2 4 4 alt iec10000053 v1 en 46i2 7.4.2 application four step negative sequence overcurrent protection ns4ptoc (4612) i...

  • Page 198

    Ordination between the operating time of the different protections. To enable optimal co- ordination all overcurrent relays, to be co-ordinated against each other, should have the same time characteristic. Therefore a wide range of standardized inverse time characteristics are available: iec and ans...

  • Page 199

    7.4.3 setting guidelines the parameters for four step negative sequence overcurrent protection ns4ptoc (46i2) are set via the local hmi or protection and control manager (pcm600). The following settings can be done for the four step negative sequence overcurrent protection: operation: sets the prote...

  • Page 200

    Curve name iec very inverse iec inverse iec extremely inverse iec short time inverse iec long time inverse iec definite time user programmable asea ri rxidg (logarithmic) the different characteristics are described in the technical reference manual (trm). Pickupx: operation negative sequence current...

  • Page 201

    Iminx operate time current tx txmin iec10000058 iec10000058 v2 en figure 88: minimum operate current and operation time for inverse time characteristics resettypecrvx: the reset of the delay timer can be made in different ways. By choosing setting there are the following possibilities: curve name in...

  • Page 202

    Tpcrvx, tacrvx, tbcrvx, tccrvx: parameters for programmable inverse time characteristic curve. The time characteristic equation is according to equation 39 : [ ] p a t s b td i c ipickup = + × - æ ö ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ æ ö ç ÷ ç ÷ è ø è ø equation1722 v1 en (equation 40) further description can be found in ...

  • Page 203

    Anglerca forward area iop = i2 vpol=-v2 reverse area ansi10000031-1-en.Vsd ansi10000031 v1 en figure 89: relay characteristic angle given in degree in a transmission network a normal value of rca is about 80°. Vpolmin: minimum polarization (reference) voltage % of vbase. I>dir: operate residual curr...

  • Page 204

    7.5.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number thermal overload protection, two time constants trpttr symbol-a v1 en 49 7.5.2 application transformers in the power system are designed for a certain maximum load current (power...

  • Page 205

    If the heat content of the protected transformer reaches a set alarm level a signal can be given to the operator. Two alarm levels are available. This enables preventive actions in the power system to be taken before dangerous temperatures are reached. If the temperature continues to increase to the...

  • Page 206

    Tau1: the thermal time constant of the protected transformer, related to ibase1 (no cooling) given in minutes. Tau2: the thermal time constant of the protected transformer, related to ibase2 (with cooling) given in minutes. The thermal time constant should be obtained from the transformer manufactur...

  • Page 207

    • in case a total interruption (low current) of the protected transformer all cooling possibilities will be inactive. This can result in a changed value of the time constant. • if other components (motors) are included in the thermal protection, there is a risk of overheating of that equipment in ca...

  • Page 208

    7.6.2 application in the design of the fault clearance system the n-1 criterion is often used. This means that a fault needs to be cleared even if any component in the fault clearance system is faulty. One necessary component in the fault clearance system is the circuit breaker. It is from practical...

  • Page 209

    Table 32: dependencies between parameters retripmode and functionmode retripmode functionmode description retrip off n/a the re-trip function is not activated cb pos check current a phase current must be larger than the operate level to allow re- trip contact re-trip is done when breaker position in...

  • Page 210

    T1: time delay of the re-trip. The setting can be given within the range 0 – 60s in steps of 0.001 s. Typical setting is 0 – 50ms. T2: time delay of the back-up trip. The choice of this setting is made as short as possible at the same time as unwanted operation must be avoided. Typical setting is 90...

  • Page 211

    Time the fault occurs protection operate time trip and pickup ccrbrf (50bf) normal t cbopen margin retrip delay t1 t cbopen after re-trip t bfpreset minimum back-up trip delay t2 critical fault clearance time for stability ansi05000479_3_en.Vsd ansi05000479 v3 en figure 90: time sequence t2mph: time...

  • Page 212

    7.7 breaker failure protection, single phase version ccsrbrf (50bf) 7.7.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number breaker failure protection, single phase version ccsrbrf i>bf symbol-ii v1 en 50bf 7.7.2 application in the de...

  • Page 213

    Functionmode: this parameter can be set to current or contact. This states the way the detection of failure of the breaker is performed. In the mode current the current measurement is used for the detection. In the mode contact the long duration of initiate signal (trip) is used as indicator of fail...

  • Page 214

    It is often required that the total fault clearance time shall be less than a given critical time. This time is often dependent of the ability to maintain transient stability in case of a fault close to a power plant. Time the fault occurs protection operate time trip and pickup ccrbrf (50bf) normal...

  • Page 215

    7.8 directional underpower protection guppdup (37) 7.8.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number directional underpower protection guppdup p 2 symbol-ll v2 en 37 7.8.2 application the task of a generator in a power plant is ...

  • Page 216

    When the steam ceases to flow through a turbine, the cooling of the turbine blades will disappear. Now, it is not possible to remove all heat generated by the windage losses. Instead, the heat will increase the temperature in the steam turbine and especially of the blades. When a steam turbine rotat...

  • Page 217

    Protection (reference angle set to 0) to trip if the active power from the generator is less than about 2%. One should set the overpower protection (reference angle set to 180) to trip if the power flow from the network to the generator is higher than 1%. Underpower protection overpower protection q...

  • Page 218

    Set value mode formula used for complex power calculation ab * * ( ) ab a b s v i i = × - equation2058-ansi v1 en (equation 48) bc * * ( ) bc b c s v i i = × - equation2059-ansi v1 en (equation 49) ca * * ( ) ca c a s v i i = × - equation2060-ansi v1 en (equation 50) a * 3 a a s v i = × × equation20...

  • Page 219

    Operate angle1(2) power1(2) p q en06000441.Vsd iec06000441 v1 en figure 93: underpower mode the setting power1(2) gives the power component pick up value in the angle1(2) direction. The setting is given in p.U. Of the generator rated power, see equation 54 . Minimum recommended setting is 0.2% of s ...

  • Page 220

    Operate angle1(2) = 0 ° power1(2) p q en06000556.Vsd iec06000556 v1 en figure 94: for low forward power the set angle should be 0° in the underpower function tripdelay1(2) is set in seconds to give the time delay for trip of the stage after pick up. Hysteresis1(2) is given in p.U. Of generator rated...

  • Page 221

    The value of k=0.92 is recommended in generator applications as the trip delay is normally quite long. The calibration factors for current and voltage measurement errors are set % of rated current/voltage: imagcomp5, imagcomp30, imagcomp100 vmagcomp5, vmagcomp30, vmagcomp100 imagcomp5, imagcomp30, i...

  • Page 222

    Often, the motoring condition may imply that the turbine is in a very dangerous state. The task of the reverse power protection is to protect the turbine and not to protect the generator itself. Steam turbines easily become overheated if the steam flow becomes too low or if the steam ceases to flow ...

  • Page 223

    A hydro turbine that rotates in water with closed wicket gates will draw electric power from the rest of the power system. This power will be about 10% of the rated power. If there is only air in the hydro turbine, the power demand will fall to about 3%. Diesel engines should have reverse power prot...

  • Page 224

    Table 34: complex power calculation set value mode formula used for complex power calculation a,b,c * * * a b c a b c s v i v i v i = × + × + × equation2038 v1 en (equation 58) arone * * a c ab bc s v i v i = × × - equation2039 v1 en (equation 59) posseq * posseq posseq s 3 v i = × × equation2040 v1...

  • Page 225

    Operate angle1(2) power1(2) p q en06000440.Vsd iec06000440 v1 en figure 96: overpower mode the setting power1(2) gives the power component pick up value in the angle1(2) direction. The setting is given in p.U. Of the generator rated power, see equation 67 . Minimum recommended setting is 0.2% of s n...

  • Page 226

    Operate angle1(2 ) = 180 o power1(2) p q iec06000557-2-en.Vsd iec06000557 v2 en figure 97: for reverse power the set angle should be 180° in the overpower function tripdelay1(2) is set in seconds to give the time delay for trip of the stage after pick up. Hysteresis1(2) is given in p.U. Of generator...

  • Page 227

    S td s td s old calculated = ⋅ + − ( ) ⋅ 1 equation1893-ansi v1 en (equation 69) where s is a new measured value to be used for the protection function s old is the measured value given from the function in previous execution cycle s calculated is the new calculated value in the present execution cy...

  • Page 228

    A capacitor unit is the building block used for scb construction. The capacitor unit is made up of individual capacitor elements, arranged in parallel or series connections. Capacitor elements normally consist of aluminum foil, paper, or film-insulated cells immersed in a biodegradable insulating fl...

  • Page 229

    Capacitor unit (can) rack iec09000753_1_en.Vsd iec09000753 v1 en figure 98: replacement of a faulty capacitor unit within scb there are four types of the capacitor unit fusing designs which are used for construction of scbs: externally fused where an individual fuse, externally mounted, protects eac...

  • Page 230

    Which type of fusing is used may depend on can manufacturer or utility preference and previous experience. Because the scbs are built from the individual capacitor units the overall connections may vary. Typically used scb configurations are: 1. Delta-connected banks (generally used only at distribu...

  • Page 231

    In addition, to fault conditions scb can be exposed to different types of abnormal operating conditions. In accordance with iec and ansi standards capacitors shall be capable of continuous operation under contingency system and bank conditions, provided the following limitations are not exceeded: 1....

  • Page 232

    1. Short circuit protection for scb and connecting leads (can be provided by using phpioc, oc4ptoc, cvgapc, t2wpdif/t3wpdif or hzpdif functions) 2. Ground-fault protection for scb and connecting leads (can be provided by using efpioc, ef4ptoc, cvgapc, t2wpdif/t3wpdif or hzpdif functions) 3. Current ...

  • Page 233

    1000 200[ ] 289 3 400[ ] r mvar i a kv × = = × iec09000755 v1 en (equation 70) or on the secondary ct side: _ ec 289 0.578 500 1 r s a i a = = iec09000756 v1 en (equation 71) note that the scb rated current on the secondary ct side is important for secondary injection of the function. The parameters...

  • Page 234

    Tuc =5s; time delay for undercurrent trip undercurrent feature is blocked by operation of reconnection inhibit feature. Reactive power overload feature: operation qol =enabled; to enable this feature up_qol =130% (of scb mvar rating); reactive power level required for pickup. Selected value gives pi...

  • Page 235

    Consecutive current zero crossings. This condition is manifested as high current pulses at the moment of current re-ignition. To detect this cb condition, the built in overcurrent feature can be used. Simply, any start of the overcurrent feature during breaker normal opening means a restrike. Theref...

  • Page 236

    230

  • Page 237

    Section 8 voltage protection 8.1 two step undervoltage protection uv2ptuv (27) 8.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number two step undervoltage protection uv2ptuv 3u symbol-r-2u-greater-than v2 en 27 8.1.2 setting guideli...

  • Page 238

    8.1.2.2 disconnected equipment detection the setting must be below the lowest occurring "normal" voltage and above the highest occurring voltage, caused by inductive or capacitive coupling, when the equipment is disconnected. 8.1.2.3 power supply quality the setting must be below the lowest occurrin...

  • Page 239

    And operation for phase-to-phase voltage under: vpickup (%) vbase(kv) × equation1991-ansi v1 en (equation 73) the below described setting parameters are identical for the two steps (n = 1 or 2). Therefore, the setting parameters are described only once. Characteristicn: this parameter gives the type...

  • Page 240

    Acrvn, bcrvn, ccrvn, dcrvn, pcrvn: parameters to set to create programmable under voltage inverse time characteristic. Description of this can be found in the technical reference manual. Crvsatn: when the denominator in the expression of the programmable curve is equal to zero the time delay will be...

  • Page 241

    8.2.2 application two step overvoltage protection ov2ptov (59) is applicable in all situations, where reliable detection of high voltage is necessary. Ov2ptov (59) is used for supervision and detection of abnormal conditions, which, in combination with other protection functions, increase the securi...

  • Page 242

    There is a very wide application area where general overvoltage functions are used. All voltage related settings are made as a percentage of a settable base primary voltage, which normally is set to the nominal voltage level (phase-to-phase) of the power system or the high voltage equipment under co...

  • Page 243

    8.2.3.5 the following settings can be done for the two step overvoltage protection conntype: sets whether the measurement shall be phase-to-ground fundamental value, phase-to-phase fundamental value, phase-to-ground rms value or phase-to-phase rms value. Operation: disabled/enabled. Vbase (given in ...

  • Page 244

    Maximum voltage at non-faulted situations. Normally this voltage is less than 110% of nominal voltage. Tn: time delay of step n, given in s. The setting is highly dependent of the protection application. In many applications the protection function is used to prevent damages to the protected object....

  • Page 245

    8.3 two step residual overvoltage protection rov2ptov (59n) 8.3.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number two step residual overvoltage protection rov2ptov 3u0 trv v1 en 59n 8.3.2 application two step residual overvoltage pr...

  • Page 246

    The time delay for rov2ptov (59n) is seldom critical, since residual voltage is related to ground faults in a high impedance grounded system, and enough time must normally be given for the primary protection to clear the fault. In some more specific situations, where the single overvoltage protectio...

  • Page 247

    The faulty phase will be connected to ground. The residual overvoltage will be three times the phase-to-ground voltage. See figure 100 . 3v 0 v _a v_b v_ c v _b f v _c f v _c f ansi07000190-1-en.Vsd ansi07000190 v1 en figure 100: ground fault in non-effectively grounded systems 1mrk 505 337-uus - se...

  • Page 248

    8.3.3.5 direct grounded system in direct grounded systems, an ground fault on one phase indicates a voltage collapse in that phase. The two healthy phases will have normal phase-to-ground voltages. The residual sum will have the same value as the remaining phase-to-ground voltage. See figure 101 . V...

  • Page 249

    Setting chapter in the application manual explains how the analog input needs to be set. 3. The ied is fed from a single voltage transformer connected to the neutral point of a power transformer in the power system. In this connection the protection is fed by the voltage vn=v0 (single input). The se...

  • Page 250

    Resettypecrvn: set reset type curve for step n. This parameter can be set: instantaneous,frozen time,linearly decreased. The default setting is instantaneous. Tiresetn: reset time for step n if inverse time delay is used, given in s. The default value is 25 ms. Tdn: time multiplier for inverse time ...

  • Page 251

    Mainly used on elements with external fuses but can also be used on elements with internal fuses instead of a current unbalance protection measuring the current between the neutrals of two half’s of the capacitor bank. The function requires voltage transformers in all phases of the capacitor bank. F...

  • Page 252

    Operation: off/on globalbasesel: selects the global base value group used by the function to define (ibase), (vbase) and (sbase). Blkdiffatvlow: the setting is to block the function when the voltages in the phases are low. Rflx: is the setting of the voltage ratio compensation factor where possible ...

  • Page 253

    For fuse supervision normally only this alarm level is used and a suitable voltage level is 3-5% if the ratio correction factor has been properly evaluated during commissioning. For other applications it has to be decided case by case. Talarm: the time delay for alarm is set by this parameter. Norma...

  • Page 254

    248.

  • Page 255

    Section 9 frequency protection 9.1 underfrequency protection saptuf (81) 9.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number underfrequency protection saptuf f symbol-p v1 en 81 9.1.2 application underfrequency protection saptuf (...

  • Page 256

    9.1.3 setting guidelines all the frequency and voltage magnitude conditions in the system where saptuf (81) performs its functions should be considered. The same also applies to the associated equipment, its frequency and time characteristic. There are two specific application areas for saptuf (81):...

  • Page 257

    9.2.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number overfrequency protection saptof f > symbol-o v1 en 81 9.2.2 application overfrequency protection function saptof (81) is applicable in all situations, where reliable detection of...

  • Page 258

    Equipment protection, such as for motors and generators the setting has to be well above the highest occurring "normal" frequency and well below the highest acceptable frequency for the equipment. Power system protection, by generator shedding the setting must be above the highest occurring "normal"...

  • Page 259

    9.3.3 setting guidelines the parameters for rate-of-change frequency protection sapfrc (81) are set via the local hmi or or through the protection and control manager (pcm600). All the frequency and voltage magnitude conditions in the system where sapfrc (81) performs its functions should be conside...

  • Page 260

    254.

  • Page 261

    Section 10 multipurpose protection 10.1 general current and voltage protection cvgapc 10.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number general current and voltage protection cvgapc 2(i>/u - 10.1.2 application a breakdown of th...

  • Page 262

    • definite time delay or inverse time overcurrent toc/idmt delay for both steps • second harmonic supervision is available in order to only allow operation of the overcurrent stage(s) if the content of the second harmonic in the measured current is lower than pre-set level • directional supervision ...

  • Page 263

    Table 35: available selection for current quantity within cvgapc function set value for parameter "currentinput” comment 1 phasea cvgapc function will measure the phase a current phasor 2 phaseb cvgapc function will measure the phase b current phasor 3 phasec cvgapc function will measure the phase c...

  • Page 264

    Table 36: available selection for voltage quantity within cvgapc function set value for parameter "voltageinput" comment 1 phasea cvgapc function will measure the phase a voltage phasor 2 phaseb cvgapc function will measure the phase b voltage phasor 3 phasec cvgapc function will measure the phase c...

  • Page 265

    To-phase voltages vab, vbc and vca. This information about actual vt connection is entered as a setting parameter for the pre-processing block, which will then take automatically care about it. 10.1.2.2 base quantities for cvgapc function the parameter settings for the base quantities, which represe...

  • Page 266

    • 80-95% stator earth fault protection (measured or calculated 3vo) (59gn) • rotor earth fault protection (with external combiflex rxtte4 injection unit) (64f) • underimpedance protection (21) • voltage controlled/restrained overcurrent protection (51c, 51v) • turn-to-turn & differential backup prot...

  • Page 267

    There is a risk that the current into the generator at inadvertent energization will be limited so that the “normal” overcurrent or underimpedance protection will not detect the dangerous situation. The delay of these protection functions might be too long. The reverse power protection might detect ...

  • Page 268

    Minimum pickup of such protection function shall be set above natural system unbalance level. An example will be given, how sensitive-ground-fault protection for power lines can be achieved by using negative-sequence directional overcurrent protection elements within a cvgapc function. This function...

  • Page 269

    If required, this cvgapc function can be used in directional comparison protection scheme for the power line protection if communication channels to the remote end of this power line are available. In that case typically two negseq overcurrent steps are required. One for forward and one for reverse ...

  • Page 270

    Op 2 ns r td t i i = æ ö ç ÷ è ø equation1740-ansi v1 en (equation 80) where: t op is the operating time in seconds of the negative sequence overcurrent ied td is the generator capability constant in seconds i ns is the measured negative sequence current i r is the generator rated current by definin...

  • Page 271

    Op p t td a b m c = × æ ö + ç ÷ - è ø equation1742-ansi v1 en (equation 83) where: t op is the operating time in seconds of the inverse time overcurrent toc/idmt algorithm td is time multiplier (parameter setting) m is ratio between measured current magnitude and set pickup current level a, b, c and...

  • Page 272

    10.1.3.3 generator stator overload protection in accordance with iec or ansi standards example will be given how to use one cvgapc function to provide generator stator overload protection in accordance with iec or ansi standard if minimum-operating current shall be set to 116% of generator rating. T...

  • Page 273

    In order to achieve such protection functionality with one cvgapc functions the following must be done: 1. Connect three-phase generator currents to one cvgapc instance (for example, gf01) 2. Set parameter currentinput to value posseq 3. Set base current value to the rated generator current in prima...

  • Page 274

    Proper timing of cvgapc function made in this way can easily be verified by secondary injection. All other settings can be left at the default values. If required delayed time reset for oc1 step can be set in order to insure proper function operation in case of repetitive overload conditions. Furthe...

  • Page 275

    10.1.3.5 voltage restrained overcurrent protection for generator and step-up transformer example will be given how to use one cvgapc function to provide voltage restrained overcurrent protection for a generator. Let us assume that the time coordination study gives the following required settings: • ...

  • Page 276

    • maximum generator capability to contentiously absorb reactive power at zero active loading 38% of the generator mva rating • generator pull-out angle 84 degrees this functionality can be achieved by using one cvgapc function. The following shall be done in order to insure proper operation of the f...

  • Page 277

    0.2 0.4 0.6 -0.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 1 d ilowset b a c 0.4 0.2 0 1.2 1.4 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -rca operating region q [pu] p [pu] rca v ps i ps ilowset operating region en05000535_ansi.Vsd ansi05000535 v1 en figure 103: loss of excitation 1mrk 505 337-uus - section 10 multipurpose protection 271 application manua...

  • Page 278

    272.

  • Page 279

    Section 11 secondary system supervision 11.1 fuse failure supervision fufspvc 11.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number fuse failure supervision fufspvc - - 11.1.2 application different protection functions within the p...

  • Page 280

    High value of voltage 3v 2 without the presence of the negative-sequence current 3i 2 is a condition that is related to a fuse failure event. The zero sequence detection algorithm, based on the zero sequence measuring quantities is recommended for use in directly or low impedance grounded networks: ...

  • Page 281

    Persist in the phase with the blown fuse. When the local breaker closes the current will start to flow and the function detects the fuse failure situation. But due to the 200 ms drop off timer the output blkz will not be activated until after 200 ms. This means that distance functions are not blocke...

  • Page 282

    100 2 2 3 ibase i pu i equation1758-ansi v4 en (equation 89) where: i2 is the maximal negative sequence current during normal operating conditions, plus a margin of 10...20% ibase is the base current for the function according to the setting globalbasesel 11.1.3.4 zero sequence based the ied setting...

  • Page 283

    11.1.3.5 delta v and delta i set the operation mode selector opdvdi to enabled if the delta function shall be in operation. The setting of dvpu should be set high (approximately 60% of vbase) and the current threshold dipu low (approximately 10% of ibase) to avoid unwanted operation due to normal sw...

  • Page 284

    11.2.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number fuse failure supervision vdspvc vts 60 11.2.2 application some protection functions operate on the basis of measured voltage at the relay point. Examples of such protection func...

  • Page 285

    Fusefailsupvn ied a b c v 2a v 2b v 2 c v 1 a v 1 b v 1 c ansi12000143-1-en.Vsd main vt circuit p ilo t v t c ir cu it ansi12000143 v1 en figure 104: application of vdspvc 11.2.3 setting guidelines the parameters for fuse failure supervision vdspvc are set via the local hmi or pcm600. The voltage in...

  • Page 286

    The settings vdif main block, vdif pilot alarm and vsealin are in percentage of the base voltage, vbase. Set vbase to the primary rated phase-to-phase voltage of the potential voltage transformer. Vbase is available in the global base value groups; the particular global base value group, that is use...

  • Page 287

    Section 12 control 12.1 synchronism check, energizing check, and synchronizing sesrsyn (25) 12.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number synchrocheck, energizing check, and synchronizing sesrsyn sc/vc symbol-m v1 en 25 12....

  • Page 288

    Synchronism check is used and the value of freqdiffmin must thus be identical to the value freqdiffm resp freqdiffa for synchronism check function. The bus and line frequencies must also be within a range of +/- 5 hz from the rated frequency. When the synchronizing option is included also for autore...

  • Page 289

    En04000179_ansi.Vsd ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ansi04000179 v1 en figure 105: two interconnected power systems figure 105 shows two interconnected power systems. The cloud means that the interconnection can be further away, that is, a weak connection through other stations. The need for a check of synchronization in...

  • Page 290

    Reclosing will take place when the phase angle difference is big and increasing. In this case it should be safer to close when the phase angle difference is smaller. To fulfill the above requirements the synchronism check function is provided with duplicate settings, one for steady (manual) conditio...

  • Page 291

    1 2 a b energizingcheck line voltage bus voltage ansi10000078-4-en.Vsd vlivebusenerg > 50 - 120 % of gblbaseselbus vlivelineenerg > 50 - 120 % of gblbaseselline vdeadbusenerg vdeadlineenerg vmaxenerg gblbaseselline ansi10000078 v4 en figure 107: principle for the energizing check function the energi...

  • Page 292

    Disconnectors auxiliary contacts, the right voltages for the synchronism check and energizing check functions can be selected. Available voltage selection types are for single circuit breaker with double busbars and the breaker-and-a-half arrangement. A double circuit breaker arrangement and single ...

  • Page 293

    Ansi09000171_1_en.Vsd sesrsyn (25) menmode intone psto swposn name1 name2 off dl db dlb slggio name3 name4 ansi09000171 v1 en figure 108: selection of the energizing direction from a local hmi symbol through a selector switch function block. 12.1.3 application examples the synchronism check function...

  • Page 294

    12.1.3.1 single circuit breaker with single busbar linevoltage/1/2/3 bus 1voltage bus 1 189 line v ref 1 fuse vt fuse vt 152 ansi0000093-1-en.Vsd va/vb/vc sesrsyn (25) v3pb1* v3pb2* v3pl1* v3pl2* block blksynch blksc blkenerg bus1_op bus1_cl bus2_op bus2_cl line1_op line1_cl line2_op line2_cl vb1ok ...

  • Page 295

    12.1.3.2 single circuit breaker with double busbar, external voltage selection line voltag e 1/2/3 bus voltage bus 1 bus 2 189 289 line fuse vt fuse vt fuse vt 152 ansi10000094-1-en.Vsd vref1 va/vb/ v c sesrsyn (25) v3pb1* v3pb2* v3pl1* v3pl2* block blksynch blksc blkenerg bus1_op bus1_cl bus2_op bu...

  • Page 296

    12.1.3.3 single circuit breaker with double busbar, internal voltage selection linevoltage/1/2/3 bus1voltage bus2voltage bus 1 bus 2 189 289 line vref1 vref2 va/vb/vc fuse vt fuse vt fuse vt 152 ansi10000095-1-en.Vsd sesrsyn (25) v3pb1* v3pb2* v3pl1* v3pl2* block blksynch blksc blkenerg bus1_op bus1...

  • Page 297

    12.1.3.4 double circuit breaker linevoltage/1/2/3 bus 1 voltage bus 2 voltage bus 1 bus 2 line 252 fuse vt fuse vt fuse vt 152 252 152 ansi10000096-1-en.Vsd vref1 vref2 va/vb/vc sesrsyn (25) v3pb1* v3pb2* v3pl1* v3pl2* block blksynch blksc blkenerg bus1_op bus1_cl bus2_op bus2_cl line1_op line1_cl l...

  • Page 298

    A double breaker arrangement requires two function blocks, one for breaker wa1_qa1 and one for breaker wa2_qa1. No voltage selection is necessary, because the voltage from busbar 1 vt is connected to v3pb1 on sesrsyn for wa1_qa1 and the voltage from busbar 2 vt is connected tov3pb1 on sesrsyn for wa...

  • Page 299

    Tie cb bus 1 cb ansi10000097-1-en.Vsd vref1 vref2 bus1 voltage bus 2voltage line 1 voltage 1/2/3 line 2 voltage 989 989 line 1 line 2 vref3 bus 1 bus 2 289 189 152 289 189 152 fuse vt fuse vt 6189 6289 152 fuse vt fuse vt va/vb/vc sesrsyn (25) v3pb1* v3pb2* v3pl1* v3pl2* block blksynch blksc blkener...

  • Page 300

    The connections are similar in all sesrsyn functions, apart from the breaker position indications. The physical analog connections of voltages and the connection to the ied and sesrsyn (25) function blocks must be carefully checked in pcm600. In all sesrsyn functions the connections and configuratio...

  • Page 301

    12.1.4 setting guidelines the setting parameters for the synchronizing, synchronism check and energizing check function sesrsyn (25) are set via the local hmi (lhmi) or pcm600. This setting guidelines describes the settings of the sesrsyn (25) function via the lhmi. Common base ied value for primary...

  • Page 302

    • no voltage selection, no voltage sel. • single circuit breaker with double bus, double bus • breaker-and-a-half arrangement with the breaker connected to busbar 1, 1 1/2 bus cb • breaker-and-a-half arrangement with the breaker connected to busbar 2, 1 1/2 bus alt. Cb • breaker-and-a-half arrangeme...

  • Page 303

    It is better to let the synchronizing function close, as it will close at exactly the right instance if the networks run with a frequency difference. To avoid overlapping of the synchronizing function and the synchrocheck function the setting freqdiffmin must be set to a higher value than used setti...

  • Page 304

    Time, from when the synchronizing is started, even if a synchronizing condition is fulfilled. A typical setting is 200 ms. Synchrocheck settings operationsc the operationsc setting off disables the synchrocheck function and sets the outputs autosyok, mansyok, tstautsy and tstmansy to low. With the s...

  • Page 305

    Thus not permitted until the synchrocheck situation has remained constant throughout the set delay setting time. Manual closing is normally under more stable conditions and a longer operation time delay setting is needed, where the tscm setting is used. During auto- reclosing, a shorter operation ti...

  • Page 306

    Because the setting ranges of the threshold voltages vlivebusenerg/vlivelineenerg and vdeadbusenerg/vdeadlineenerg partly overlap each other, the setting conditions may be such that the setting of the non-energized threshold value is higher than that of the energized threshold value. The parameters ...

  • Page 307

    Closed, all other feeder which have been connected to the same bus, are automatically put back into service. Sensitive differential protection level available in reb670 can be used during such operation, if increased sensitivity from busbar protection is required. Such busbar restoration logic can b...

  • Page 308

    En04000146_ansi.Vsd open closed operate time line protection circuit breaker break time t rip c o m m an d c o nt ac ts s e pa ra te d a re e xt in g ui sh er s fault duration ar open time for breaker fault duration r es e ts in st a nt o f fa ul t o p er a te s break time closing time operate time ...

  • Page 309

    Performed with or without the use of a synchronism check, and an energizing check, such as dead line or dead busbar check. During the single-pole open time there is an equivalent "series"-fault in the system resulting in a flow of zero sequence current. It is therefore necessary to coordinate the re...

  • Page 310

    Single-shot and multi-shot are in use. The first shot can have a short delay, hsar, or a longer delay, dar. The second and following reclosing shots have a rather long delay. When multiple shots are used the dead time must harmonize with the breaker duty-cycle capacity. Automatic-reclosing is usuall...

  • Page 311

    Used as an alternative when the autorecloser is shared with another subsystem. This provides a fail safe connection so that even a failure in the ied with the auto-recloser will mean that the other sub-system will start a three-pole trip. A permanent fault will cause the line protection to trip agai...

  • Page 312

    • cbready, cb ready for a reclosing cycle, for example, charged operating gear. • 52a to ensure that the cb was closed when the line fault occurred and start was applied. • no signal at input inhibit that is, no blocking or inhibit signal present. After the start has been accepted, it is latched in ...

  • Page 313

    Time setting facility for three-phase high-speed auto-reclosing without synchrocheck, t1 3phhs, available for use when required. It is activated by the ri_hs input. An auto-reclosing open time extension delay, textended t1, can be added to the normal shot 1 delay. It is intended to come into use if ...

  • Page 314

    • if inputs tr2p is low and tr3p is low (1-pole trip): the timer for 1-phase reclosing open time is started and the output 1pt1 (1-phase reclosing in progress) is activated. It can be used to suppress pole disagreement and ground-fault protection trip during the 1-phase open interval. • if tr2p is h...

  • Page 315

    12.2.2.12 armode=1/2ph + 1*3ph, 1-phase, 2-phase or 3-phase reclosing in the first shot at 1-phase or 2-phase trip, the operation is as described above. If the first reclosing shot fails, a 3-phase trip will be issued and 3-phase reclosing will follow, if selected. At 3-phase trip, the operation is ...

  • Page 316

    A start of a new reclosing cycle is blocked during the set “reset time” after the selected number of reclosing shots have been made. 12.2.2.14 external selection of auto-reclose mode the auto-reclose mode can be selected by use of the available logic function blocks. Below is an example where the ch...

  • Page 317

    12.2.2.17 transient fault after the reclosing command the reset timer keeps running for the set time. If no tripping occurs within this time, treset, the auto-reclosing will reset. The cb remains closed and the operating gear recharges. The input signals 52a and cbready will be set 12.2.2.18 permane...

  • Page 318

    In figures 116 and 117 the logic shows how a closing lock-out logic can be designed with the lock-out relay as an external relay alternatively with the lock-out created internally with the manual closing going through the synchro-check function. An example of lock- out logic. Lock-out rxmd1 11 12 21...

  • Page 319

    The auto-reclosing function will first receive a trip and initiate signal (ri) without any three-phase signal (tr3p). The auto-reclosing function will start a single-phase reclosing, if programmed to do so. At the evolving fault clearance there will be a new signal ri and three-pole trip information...

  • Page 320

    Recommendations for input signals please see figure 118 , figure 119 and figure 120 and default factory configuration for examples. On and off these inputs can be connected to binary inputs or to a communication interface block for external control. Ri it should be connected to the trip output prote...

  • Page 321

    Sync this is connected to the internal synchronism check function when required. It can also be connected to a binary input for synchronization from an external device. If neither internal nor external synchronism or energizing check is required, it can be connected to a permanently high source, tru...

  • Page 322

    Blkon used to block the autorecloser for 3-phase operation (smbrrec ,79) function for example, when certain special service conditions arise. When used, blocking must be reset with blockoff. Blockoff used to unblock smbrrec (79) function when it has gone to block due to activating input blkon or by ...

  • Page 323

    1pt1 and 2pt1 indicates that single-phase or two-phase automatic reclosing is in progress. It is used to temporarily block an ground-fault and/or pole disagreement function during the single- phase or two-phase open interval. 3pt1, 3pt2, 3pt3, 3pt4 and 3pt5 indicates that three-phase automatic reclo...

  • Page 324

    Ansi04000135_2_en.Vsd on off blkon blockoff inhibit blocked seton inprogr active unsuccl succl closecmd 1pt1 wfmaster reset ri tholhold ready trsotf sync input xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx or or output xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx protection xxxx-trip zcvpsof-trip zmqpdis (21)--trip sesrsyn (25)-a...

  • Page 325

    The configuration. The inputs 52a for each breaker are important in multi breaker arrangements to ensure that the cb was closed at the beginning of the cycle. If the high priority breaker is not closed the high priority moves to the low priority breaker. Ansi04000136_2_en.Vsd on off blkon blockoff i...

  • Page 326

    Ansi04000137_2_en.Vsd active unsuccl ready 3pt2 3pt3 wait cbready trsotf reset blockoff blkon off on blocked seton inprogr 3pt4 sync inhibit terminal ‘‘ master ” priority = high smbrrec (79) wait terminal ‘‘ slave ” priority = low cb1 cb2 wfmaster wfmaster *) other input/output signals as in previou...

  • Page 327

    , number of reclosing shots in power transmission 1 shot is mostly used. In most cases one reclosing shot is sufficient as the majority of arcing faults will cease after the first reclosing shot. In power systems with many other types of faults caused by other phenomena, for example wind, a greater ...

  • Page 328

    Ttrip , long trip pulse usually the trip command and initiate auto-reclosing signal reset quickly as the fault is cleared. A prolonged trip command may depend on a cb failing to clear the fault. A trip signal present when the cb is reclosed will result in a new trip. Depending on the setting extende...

  • Page 329

    Cbreadytype , type of cb ready signal connected the selection depends on the type of performance available from the cb operating gear. At setting oco (cb ready for an open – close – open cycle), the condition is checked only at the start of the reclosing cycle. The signal will disappear after trippi...

  • Page 330

    12.3 apparatus control apc 12.3.1 application the apparatus control is a function for control and supervising of circuit breakers, disconnectors, and grounding switches within a bay. Permission to operate is given after evaluation of conditions from other functions such as interlocking, synchronism ...

  • Page 331

    • overriding of interlocking functions • overriding of synchronism check • pole discrepancy supervision • operation counter • suppression of mid position the apparatus control function is realized by means of a number of function blocks designated: • switch controller scswi • circuit breaker sxcbr •...

  • Page 332

    En05000116_ansi.Vsd sxcbr scswi scilo sxcbr sxcbr scswi scilo sxswi 189 989 iec 61850 qcbay 152 ansi05000116 v1 en figure 122: signal flow between apparatus control function blocks accepted originator categories for psto if the requested command is accepted by the authority, the value will change. O...

  • Page 333

    4 = not in use 4,5,6 5 = all 1,2,3,4,5,6 6 = station 2,4,5,6 7 = remote 3,4,5,6 psto = all, then it is no priority between operator places. All operator places are allowed to operate. According to iec61850 standard the orcat attribute in originator category are defined in table 39 table 39: orcat at...

  • Page 334

    Iec13000016-2-en.Vsd iec13000016 v2 en figure 123: apc - local remote function block 12.3.1.2 switch controller (scswi) scswi may handle and operate on one three-phase device or three one-phase switching devices. After the selection of an apparatus and before the execution, the switch controller per...

  • Page 335

    The command sequence is supervised regarding the time between: • select and execute. • select and until the reservation is granted. • execute and the final end position of the apparatus. • execute and valid close conditions from the synchronism check. At error the command sequence is cancelled. In t...

  • Page 336

    Circuit breaker (sxcbr) can be realized either as three one-phase switches or as one three-phase switch. The content of this function is represented by the iec 61850 definitions for the logical nodes circuit breaker (sxcbr) and circuit switch (sxswi) with mandatory functionality. 12.3.1.4 reservatio...

  • Page 337

    En 05000117_ansi.Vsd ied ied from other scswi in the bay to other scswi in the bay 3 station bus . . . . . . . . . 3 resin exch_out exch_in resin exch_out exch_in .. Scswi res_rq res_grt res_ data qcrsv res_rq1 res_rq8 res_grt1 res_grt8 .. 2 ansi05000117 v2 en figure 124: application principles for ...

  • Page 338

    The same high security compared to the solution in figure 124 , but instead have a higher availability, since no acknowledgment is required. Scswi selected res_ext ied ied or other scwi in the bay station bus . . . Spgapc in resgrant intlreceive . . . . . . Resgrant intlreceive iec05000178-3-en.Vsd ...

  • Page 339

    Predefined switching conditions (synchronism check). Also the case that one side is dead (energizing-check) is included. • the generic automatic process control function, gapc, handles generic commands from the operator to the system. The overview of the interaction between these functions is shown ...

  • Page 340

    Ansi05000120-2-en.Vsd zmqpdis (distance) sxcbr (circuit breaker) interlocking function block (not a ln) scswi (switching control) qcbay (bay control) smbrrec (auto- reclosure) i/o trip close rel. Res. Req. In iti at e a r close cb position res. Granted operator place selection scswi (switching contr...

  • Page 341

    12.3.3.1 bay control (qcbay) if the parameter allpstovalid is set to no priority, all originators from local and remote are accepted without any priority. If the parameter remoteincstation is set to yes, commands from iec61850-8-1 clients at both station and remote level are accepted, when the qcbay...

  • Page 342

    Function. If tsynchrocheck is set to 0, no synchrocheck is done, before starting the synchronizing function. The timer tsynchronizing supervises that the signal synchronizing in progress is obtained in scswi after start of the synchronizing function. The start signal for the synchronizing is set if ...

  • Page 343

    Tclosepulse is the output pulse length for a close command. If adaptivepulse is set to adaptive, it is the maximum length of the output pulse for an open command. The default length is set to 200 ms for a circuit breaker (sxcbr) and 500 ms for a disconnector (sxswi). 12.3.3.4 bay reserve (qcrsv) the...

  • Page 344

    (for example, allowed. Grounding switches are allowed to connect and disconnect grounding of isolated points. Due to capacitive or inductive coupling there may be some voltage (for example of rated voltage) before grounding and some current (for example grounding of a line. Circuit breakers are usua...

  • Page 345

    Specific conditions (qx_exy) are set to 1=true if they are not used, except in the following cases: • 989_ex2 and 989_ex4 in modules bh_line_a and bh_line_b • 152_ex3 in module ab_trafo when they are set to 0=false. 12.4.2 interlocking for line bay abc_line (3) 12.4.2.1 application the interlocking ...

  • Page 346

    Signal bb7_d_op all line disconnectors on bypass wa7 except in the own bay are open. Vp_bb7_d the switch status of disconnectors on bypass busbar wa7 are valid. Exdu_bpb no transmission error from any bay containing disconnectors on bypass busbar wa7 these signals from each line bay (abc_line, 3) ex...

  • Page 347

    Section 1 section 2 a1a2_dc(bs) b1b2_dc(bs) abc_line abc_bc abc_line abc_bc (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 (wa7)c c b2 a2 en04000479_ansi.Vsd ansi04000479 v1 en figure 130: busbars divided by bus-section disconnectors (circuit breakers) to derive the signals: signal bc_12_cl a bus-coupler connection exists between...

  • Page 348

    These signals from each bus-section disconnector bay (a1a2_dc) are also needed. For b1b2_dc, corresponding signals from busbar b are used. The same type of module (a1a2_dc) is used for different busbars, that is, for both bus-section disconnector a1a2_dc and b1b2_dc. Signal dcoptr the bus-section di...

  • Page 349

    Bc12cltr (sect.1) dccltr (a1a2) dccltr (b1b2) or and bc12cltr (sect.2) vpbc12tr (sect.1) vpdctr (a1a2) vpdctr (b1b2) vpbc12tr (sect.2) or bc17optr (sect.1) dcoptr (a1a2) bc17optr (sect.2) bc17cltr (sect.1) dccltr (a1a2) bc17cltr (sect.2) vpbc17tr (sect.1) vpdctr (a1a2) vpbc17tr (sect.2) bc27optr (se...

  • Page 350

    12.4.2.4 configuration setting if there is no bypass busbar and therefore no 789 disconnector, then the interlocking for 789 is not used. The states for 789, 7189g, bb7_d, bc_17, bc_27 are set to open by setting the appropriate module inputs as follows. In the functional block diagram, 0 and 1 are d...

  • Page 351

    12.4.3 interlocking for bus-coupler bay abc_bc (3) 12.4.3.1 application the interlocking for bus-coupler bay (abc_bc, 3) function is used for a bus-coupler bay connected to a double busbar arrangement according to figure 132 . The function can also be used for a single busbar arrangement with transf...

  • Page 352

    Signal q1289optr 189 or 289 or both are open. Vp1289tr the switch status of 189 and 289 are valid. Exdu_12 no transmission error from the bay that contains the above information. For bus-coupler bay n, these conditions are valid: 1289optr (bay 1) 1289optr (bay 2) . . . . . . 1289optr (bay n-1) and b...

  • Page 353

    The following signals from each bus-section disconnector bay (a1a2_dc) are needed. For b1b2_dc, corresponding signals from busbar b are used. The same type of module (a1a2_dc) is used for different busbars, that is, for both bus-section disconnector a1a2_dc and b1b2_dc. Signal dcoptr the bus-section...

  • Page 354

    For a bus-coupler bay in section 2, the same conditions as above are valid by changing section 1 to section 2 and vice versa. 12.4.3.4 signals from bus-coupler if the busbar is divided by bus-section disconnectors into bus-sections, the signals bc_12 from the busbar coupler of the other busbar secti...

  • Page 355

    Signal dccltr the bus-section disconnector is closed. Vpdctr the switch status of bus-section disconnector dc is valid. Exdu_dc no transmission error from the bay that contains the above information. If the busbar is divided by bus-section circuit breakers, the signals from the bus-section coupler b...

  • Page 356

    Setting the appropriate module inputs as follows. In the functional block diagram, 0 and 1 are designated 0=false and 1=true: • 289_op = 1 • 289_cl = 0 • 789_op = 1 • 789_cl = 0 • 7189g_op = 1 • 7189g_cl = 0 if there is no second busbar b and therefore no 289 and 2089 disconnectors, then the interlo...

  • Page 357

    189 289 189g 289g wa1 (a) wa2 (b) 389g 489g 489 389 252 and 489g are not used in this interlocking ab_trafo en04000515_ansi.Vsd 252 152 ansi04000515 v1 en figure 138: switchyard layout ab_trafo (3) the signals from other bays connected to the module ab_trafo are described below. 12.4.4.2 signals fro...

  • Page 358

    En04000487_ansi.Vsd section 1 section 2 a1a2_dc(bs) b1b2_dc(bs) ab_trafo abc_bc ab_trafo abc_bc (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 (wa7)c c b2 a2 ansi04000487 v1 en figure 139: busbars divided by bus-section disconnectors (circuit breakers) the project-specific logic for input signals concerning bus-coupler are the sa...

  • Page 359

    If there is no second busbar b at the other side of the transformer and therefore no 489 disconnector, then the state for 489 is set to open by setting the appropriate module inputs as follows: • 489_op = 1 • 489_cl = 0 12.4.5 interlocking for bus-section breaker a1a2_bs (3) 12.4.5.1 application the...

  • Page 360

    En04000489_ansi.Vsd section 1 section 2 a1a2_bs b1b2_bs abc_line abc_bc abc_line abc_bc (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 (wa7)c c b2 a2 ab_trafo ab_trafo ansi04000489 v1 en figure 141: busbars divided by bus-section circuit breakers to derive the signals: signal bbtr_op no busbar transfer is in progress concerning t...

  • Page 361

    For a bus-section circuit breaker between a1 and a2 section busbars, these conditions are valid: en04000490_ansi.Vsd s1s2optr (b1b2) bc12optr (sect.1) 1289optr (bay 1/sect.2) 1289optr (bay n/sect.2) s1s2optr (b1b2) bc12optr (sect.2) 1289optr (bay 1/sect.1) 1289optr (bay n /sect.1) bbtr_op vp_bbtr ex...

  • Page 362

    En04000491_ansi.Vsd s1s2optr (a1a2) bc12optr (sect.1) 1289optr (bay 1/sect.2) 1289optr (bay n/sect.2) s1s2optr (a1a2) bc12optr (sect.2) 1289optr (bay 1/sect.1) 1289optr (bay n /sect.1) bbtr_op vp_bbtr exdu_12 or and or and . . . . . . . . . . . . And and vps1s2tr (a1a2) vpbc12tr (sect.1) vp1289tr (b...

  • Page 363

    12.4.6 interlocking for bus-section disconnector a1a2_dc (3) 12.4.6.1 application the interlocking for bus-section disconnector (a1a2_dc, 3) function is used for one bus- section disconnector between section 1 and 2 according to figure 144 . A1a2_dc (3) function can be used for different busbars, wh...

  • Page 364

    Signal s1dc_op all disconnectors on bus-section 1 are open. S2dc_op all disconnectors on bus-section 2 are open. Vps1_dc the switch status of disconnectors on bus-section 1 is valid. Vps2_dc the switch status of disconnectors on bus-section 2 is valid. Exdu_bb no transmission error from any bay that...

  • Page 365

    For a bus-section disconnector, these conditions from the a1 busbar section are valid: 189optr (bay 1/sect.A1) s1dc_op vps1_dc exdu_bb en04000494_ansi.Vsd and 189optr (bay n/sect.A1) . . . . . . . . . Vp189tr (bay 1/sect.A1) vp189tr (bay n/sect.A1) exdu_bb (bay 1/sect.A1) exdu_bb (bay n/sect.A1) . ....

  • Page 366

    En04000496_ansi.Vsd 289optr (22089otr)(bay 1/sect.B1) s1dc_op vps1_dc exdu_bb 289optr (22089otr)(bay n/sect.B1) . . . . . . . . . Vp289tr (v22089tr)(bay 1/sect.B1) vp289tr (v22089tr)(bay n/sect.B1) exdu_bb (bay 1/sect.B1) exdu_bb (bay n/sect.B1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . And and and ansi04...

  • Page 367

    12.4.6.3 signals in double-breaker arrangement if the busbar is divided by bus-section disconnectors, the condition for the busbar disconnector bay no other disconnector connected to the bus-section must be made by a project-specific logic. The same type of module (a1a2_dc) is used for different bus...

  • Page 368

    The logic is identical to the double busbar configuration “signals in single breaker arrangement”. For a bus-section disconnector, these conditions from the a1 busbar section are valid: en04000499_ansi.Vsd 189optr (bay 1/sect.A1) s1dc_op vps1_dc exdu_bb and 189optr (bay n/sect.A1) . . . . . . . . . ...

  • Page 369

    En04000501_ansi.Vsd 289optr (bay 1/sect.B1) s1dc_op vps1_dc exdu_bb and 289optr (bay n/sect.B1) . . . . . . . . . Vp289tr (bay 1/sect.B1) vp289tr (bay n/sect.B1) exdu_db (bay 1/sect.B1) exdu_db (bay n/sect.B1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . And and ansi04000501 v1 en figure 153: signals from do...

  • Page 370

    En04000503_ansi.Vsd section 1 section 2 a1a2_dc(bs) b1b2_dc(bs) bh_line (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 b2 a2 bh_line bh_line bh_line ansi04000503 v1 en figure 155: busbars divided by bus-section disconnectors (circuit breakers) the project-specific logic is the same as for the logic for the double-breaker configur...

  • Page 371

    12.4.7.2 signals in single breaker arrangement the busbar grounding switch is only allowed to operate if all disconnectors of the bus- section are open. En04000505_ansi.Vsd section 1 section 2 a1a2_dc(bs) b1b2_dc(bs) ab_trafo abc_line bb_es abc_line (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 (wa7)c c b2 a2 bb_es abc_bc ansi04...

  • Page 372

    Signal dcoptr the bus-section disconnector is open. Vpdctr the switch status of bus-section disconnector dc is valid. Exdu_dc no transmission error from the bay that contains the above information. If no bus-section disconnector exists, the signal dcoptr, vpdctr and exdu_dc are set to 1 (true). If t...

  • Page 373

    189optr (bay 1/sect.A2) bb_dc_op vp_bb_dc exdu_bb en04000507_ansi.Vsd 189optr (bay n/sect.A2) . . . . . . . . . Vp189tr (bay 1/sect.A2) vp189tr (bay n/sect.A2) vpdctr (a1/a2) exdu_bb (bay n/sect.A2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . And dcoptr (a1/a2) exdu_bb (bay 1/sect.A2) exdu_dc (a1/a2) and an...

  • Page 374

    289optr(22089otr)(bay 1/sect.B1) bb_dc_op vp_bb_dc exdu_bb en04000508_ansi.Vsd 289ptr (22089otr)(bay n/sect.B1) . . . . . . . . . Vp289tr(v22089tr) (bay 1/sect.B1) vp289tr(v22089tr) (bay n/sect.B1) vpdctr (b1/b2) exdu_bb (bay n/sect.B1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . And and and dcoptr (b1/b2) ...

  • Page 375

    289optr(22089otr) (bay 1/sect.B2) bb_dc_op vp_bb_dc exdu_bb en04000509_ansi.Vsd 289optr(22089otr) (bay n/sect.B2) . . . . . . . . . Vp289tr(v22089tr) (bay 1/sect.B2) vp289tr(v22089tr) (bay n/sect.B2) vpdctr (b1/b2) exdu_bb (bay n/sect.B2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . And dcoptr (b1/b2) exdu_b...

  • Page 376

    12.4.7.3 signals in double-breaker arrangement the busbar grounding switch is only allowed to operate if all disconnectors of the bus section are open. En04000511_ansi.Vsd section 1 section 2 a1a2_dc(bs) b1b2_dc(bs) bb_es bb_es db_bus (wa1)a1 (wa2)b1 b2 a2 db_bus ansi04000511 v1 en figure 163: busba...

  • Page 377

    The logic is identical to the double busbar configuration described in section “signals in single breaker arrangement”. 12.4.7.4 signals in breaker and a half arrangement the busbar grounding switch is only allowed to operate if all disconnectors of the bus- section are open. En04000512_ansi.Vsd sec...

  • Page 378

    Wa1 (a) wa2 (b) 189 189g 289g 989g 6189 989 289 489g 589g 389g 6289 db_bus_b db_line db_bus_a en04000518_ansi.Vsd 252 152 ansi04000518 v1 en figure 165: switchyard layout double circuit breaker three types of interlocking modules per double circuit breaker bay are defined. Db_bus_a (3) handles the c...

  • Page 379

    If, in this case, line voltage supervision is added, then rather than setting 989 to open state, specify the state of the voltage supervision: • 989_op = volt_off • 989_cl = volt_on if there is no voltage supervision, then set the corresponding inputs as follows: • volt_off = 1 • volt_on = 0 12.4.9 ...

  • Page 380

    Wa1 (a) wa2 (b) 189 189g 289g 989g 689 989 289 189g 289g 389g 689 389g 6289 6189 189g 289g 989g 989 bh_line_a bh_line_b bh_conn en04000513_ansi.Vsd 152 152 152 ansi04000513 v1 en figure 166: switchyard layout breaker-and-a-half three types of interlocking modules per diameter are defined. Bh_line_a ...

  • Page 381

    • 989g_op = 1 • 989g_cl = 0 if, in this case, line voltage supervision is added, then rather than setting 989 to open state, specify the state of the voltage supervision: • 989_op = volt_off • 989_cl = volt_on if there is no voltage supervision, then set the corresponding inputs as follows: • volt_o...

  • Page 382

    The number of positions of the switch can be established by settings (see below), one must be careful in coordinating the settings with the configuration (if one sets the number of positions to x in settings – for example, there will be only the first x outputs available from the block in the config...

  • Page 383

    Vsgapc can be used for both acquiring an external switch position (through the ipos1 and the ipos2 inputs) and represent it through the single line diagram symbols (or use it in the configuration through the outputs pos1 and pos2) as well as, a command function (controlled by the psto input), giving...

  • Page 384

    12.7.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number generic communication function for double point indication dpgapc - - 12.7.2 application dpgapc function block is used to combine three logical input signals into a two bit posi...

  • Page 385

    (status) of the result of the commands is supposed to be achieved by other means, such as binary inputs and spggio function blocks. Psto is the universal operator place selector for all control functions. Even if psto can be configured to allow local or all operator positions, the only functional po...

  • Page 386

    Output is operated by a "object 12" in dnp3. This object contains parameters for control- code, count, on-time and off-time. To operate an autobits output point, send a control- code of latch-on, latch-off, pulse-on, pulse-off, trip or close. The remaining parameters are regarded as appropriate. For...

  • Page 387

    Single command function singlecmd cmdouty outy close cb1 and user- defined conditions synchro- check configuration logic circuits en04000206_ansi.Vsd ansi04000206 v2 en figure 168: application example showing a logic diagram for control of a circuit breaker via configuration logic circuits figure 16...

  • Page 388

    Single command function singlesmd cmdouty outy device 1 user- defined conditions configuration logic circuits en04000208_ansi.Vsd and ansi04000208 v2 en figure 170: application example showing a logic diagram for control of external devices via configuration logic circuits 12.10.3 setting guidelines...

  • Page 389

    Section 13 logic 13.1 trip matrix logic tmagapc 13.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number trip matrix logic tmagapc - - 13.1.2 application the trip matrix logic tmagapc function is used to route trip signals and other l...

  • Page 390

    13.2 logic for group alarm almcalh 13.2.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number logic for group alarm almcalh - - 13.2.2 application group alarm logic function almcalh is used to route alarm signals to different leds and/o...

  • Page 391

    13.3.1.3 setting guidelines operationenabled or disabled 13.4 logic for group indication indcalh 13.4.1 logic for group indication indcalh 13.4.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number logic for group indication indcalh -...

  • Page 392

    13.5.1 application a set of standard logic blocks, like and, or etc, and timers are available for adapting the ied configuration to the specific application needs. Additional logic blocks that, beside the normal logical function, have the capability to propagate timestamp and quality are also availa...

  • Page 393

    Iec09000310-1-en.Vsd iec09000310 v1 en figure 172: example designation, serial execution number and cycle time for logic function that also propagates timestamp and quality of input signals the execution of different function blocks within the same cycle is determined by the order of their serial ex...

  • Page 394

    Blocks to a certain level/value, or for creating certain logic. Boolean, integer, floating point, string types of signals are available. One fxdsign function block is included in all ieds. Example for use of grp_off signal in fxdsign the restricted earth fault function refpdif (87n) can be used both...

  • Page 395

    I3pw1ct1 i3pw2ct1 i3p refpdif (87n) ansi11000084_1_en.Vsd grp_off fxdsign ansi11000084 v1 en figure 174: refpdif (87n) function inputs for normal transformer application 13.7 boolean 16 to integer conversion b16i 13.7.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identific...

  • Page 396

    Booleans input locally. If the block input is activated, it will freeze the output at the last value. Values of each of the different outx from function block b16i for 1≤x≤16. The sum of the value on each inx corresponds to the integer presented on the output out on the function block b16i. Name of ...

  • Page 397

    13.8.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number boolean 16 to integer conversion with logic node representation btigapc - - 13.8.2 application boolean 16 to integer conversion with logic node representation function btigapc i...

  • Page 398

    Name of input type default description value when activated value when deactivated in11 boolean 0 input 11 1024 0 in12 boolean 0 input 12 2048 0 in13 boolean 0 input 13 4096 0 in14 boolean 0 input 14 8192 0 in15 boolean 0 input 15 16384 0 in16 boolean 0 input 16 32768 0 the sum of the numbers in col...

  • Page 399

    The sum of the value on each inx corresponds to the integer presented on the output out on the function block ib16. Name of input type default description value when activated value when deactivated in1 boolean 0 input 1 1 0 in2 boolean 0 input 2 2 0 in3 boolean 0 input 3 4 0 in4 boolean 0 input 4 8...

  • Page 400

    13.10.2 application integer to boolean 16 conversion with logic node representation function (itbgapc) is used to transform an integer into a set of 16 boolean signals. Itbgapc function can receive an integer from a station computer – for example, over iec 61850–8–1. This function is very useful whe...

  • Page 401

    13.11 elapsed time integrator with limit transgression and overflow supervision teigapc 13.11.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number elapsed time integrator teigapc - - 13.11.2 application the function teigapc is used for...

  • Page 402

    13.12 comparator for integer inputs - intcomp 13.12.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number comparison of integer values intcomp int 13.12.2 application the function gives the possibility to monitor the level of integer va...

  • Page 403

    Set the refsource = 1 similarly for signed comparison between inputs set the enaabs = 0 set the refsource =1 for absolute comparison between input and setting set the enaabs = 1 set the refsource = 0 setvalue shall be set between -2000000000 to 2000000000 similarly for signed comparison between inpu...

  • Page 404

    Enaabs: this setting is used to select the comparison type between signed and absolute values. • absolute: the function will do absolute comparison between input and reference value. • signed: the function will do signed comparison between input and reference value. Refsource: this setting is used t...

  • Page 405

    Equalbandlow = 5.0 % of reference value operation the function will set the outputs for the following conditions, inequal will set when the input is between the ranges of 95 to 105 ka. Inhigh will set when the input crosses above 105 ka. Inlow will set when the input crosses below 95 ka. If the comp...

  • Page 406

    400

  • Page 407

    Section 14 monitoring 14.1 measurement 14.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number measurements cvmmxn p, q, s, i, u, f symbol-rr v1 en - phase current measurement cmmxu i symbol-ss v1 en - phase-phase voltage measurement...

  • Page 408

    14.1.2 application measurement functions are used for power system measurement, supervision and reporting to the local hmi, monitoring tool within pcm600 or to station level for example, via iec 61850. The possibility to continuously monitor measured values of active power, reactive power, currents,...

  • Page 409

    The cvmmxn function calculates three-phase power quantities by using fundamental frequency phasors (dft values) of the measured current respectively voltage signals. The measured power quantities are available either, as instantaneously calculated quantities or, averaged values over a period of time...

  • Page 410

    The settings for this function is found under setting/general setting/monitoring/ service values/srv1 it can be seen that: • when system voltage falls below ugenzerodb, the shown value for s, p, q, pf, ilag, ilead, u and f on the local hmi is forced to zero • when system current falls below igenzero...

  • Page 411

    Igenzerodb: minimum level of current in % of ibase used as indication of zero current (zero point clamping). If measured value is below igenzerodb calculated s, p, q and pf will be zero. Vmagcompy: magnitude compensation to calibrate voltage measurements at y% of vn, where y is equal to 5, 30 or 100...

  • Page 412

    Xreptyp: reporting type. Cyclic (cyclic), magnitude deadband (dead band) or integral deadband (int deadband). The reporting interval is controlled by the parameter xdbrepint. Xdbrepint: reporting deadband setting. Cyclic reporting is the setting value and is reporting interval in seconds. Magnitude ...

  • Page 413

    100 30 5 imagcomp5 imagcomp30 imagcomp100 -10 +10 magnitude compensation % of in measured current % of in 0-5%: constant 5-30-100%: linear >100%: constant 100 30 5 iangcomp5 iangcomp30 iangcomp100 -10 +10 angle compensation degrees measured current % of in ansi05000652_3_en.Vsd ansi05000652 v3 en fi...

  • Page 414

    Measurement function application for a 380kv ohl single line diagram for this application is given in figure 176 : 380kv busbar 380kv ohl p q 800/5 a ansi09000039-1-en.Vsd 380kv 120v / 3 3 kv ied ansi09000039 v1 en figure 176: single line diagram for 380kv ohl application in order to monitor, superv...

  • Page 415

    Table 41: general settings parameters for the measurement function setting short description selected value comments operation operation off/on on function must be on powampfact amplitude factor to scale power calculations 1.000 it can be used during commissioning to achieve higher measurement accur...

  • Page 416

    Setting short description selected value comments plowlim low limit (physical value) -50 low warning limit. Not active plowlowllim low low limit (physical value) -60 low alarm limit. Not active plimhyst hysteresis value in % of range (common for all limits) 2 set ±Δ hysteresis mw that is, 2% table 4...

  • Page 417

    132kv busbar 200/5 33kv busbar 500/5 p q 31.5 mva ansi09000040-1-en.Vsd 33kv 120v / 3 3 v ab ied ansi09000040 v1 en figure 177: single line diagram for transformer application in order to measure the active and reactive power as indicated in figure 177 , it is necessary to do the following: 1. Set c...

  • Page 418

    Table 44: general settings parameters for the measurement function setting short description selected value comment operation operation disabled / enabled enabled function must be enabled powampfact magnitude factor to scale power calculations 1.000 typically no scaling is required powangcomp angle ...

  • Page 419

    230kv busbar 300/5 4000/5 100 mva g p q 100 mva 15.65kv ansi09000041-1-en.Vsd 15/0.12kv v ab , v bc , ied ansi09000041 v1 en figure 178: single line diagram for generator application in order to measure the active and reactive power as indicated in figure 178 , it is necessary to do the following: 1...

  • Page 420

    Table 45: general settings parameters for the measurement function setting short description selected value comment operation operation off/on on function must be on powampfact amplitude factor to scale power calculations 1.000 typically no scaling is required powangcomp angle compensation for phase...

  • Page 421

    14.3 liquid medium supervision ssiml (71) 14.3.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number liquid medium supervision ssiml - 71 14.3.2 application liquid medium supervision (ssiml ,71) is used for monitoring the circuit breake...

  • Page 422

    Circuit breaker status monitoring the breaker status ensures proper functioning of the features within the protection relay such as breaker control, breaker failure and autoreclosing. The breaker status is monitored using breaker auxiliary contacts. The breaker status is indicated by the binary outp...

  • Page 423

    N u m b e r o f m a ke -b re a k op e ra tio n s ( n ) interrupted current (ka) p1 p2 100000 50000 20000 10000 2000 5000 1000 100 200 500 10 20 50 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 iec12000623_1_en.Vsd iec12000623 v1 en figure 179: an example for estimating the remaining life of a circuit breaker calcu...

  • Page 424

    • breaker interrupts at and below the rated operating current, that is, 2 ka, the remaining life of the cb is decreased by 1 operation and therefore, 9999 operations remaining at the rated operating current. • breaker interrupts between rated operating current and rated fault current, that is, 10 ka...

  • Page 425

    Pressure levels inside the arc chamber. When the pressure becomes too low compared to the required value, the circuit breaker operation is blocked. 14.4.3 setting guidelines the breaker monitoring function is used to monitor different parameters of the circuit breaker. The breaker requires maintenan...

  • Page 426

    Almacccurrpwr: setting of alarm level for accumulated energy. Loacccurrpwr: lockout limit setting for accumulated energy. Spchalmtime: time delay for spring charging time alarm. Tdgaspresalm: time delay for gas pressure alarm. Tdgaspreslo: time delay for gas pressure lockout. Dircoef: directional co...

  • Page 427

    Analog and double indication values are also transferred through event function. 14.5.3 setting guidelines the parameters for the event (event) function are set via the local hmi or pcm600. Eventmask (ch_1 - 16) the inputs can be set individually as: • noevents • onset, at pick-up of the signal • on...

  • Page 428

    14.6.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number disturbance report drprdre - - disturbance report a1radr - a4radr - - disturbance report b1rbdr - b22rbdr - - 14.6.2 application to get fast, complete and reliable information a...

  • Page 429

    If the ied is connected to a station bus (iec 61850-8-1), the disturbance recorder (record made and fault number) and the fault locator information are available as goose or report control data. The same information is obtainable if iec60870-5-103 is used. 14.6.3 setting guidelines the setting param...

  • Page 430

    Operation the operation of disturbance report function drprdre has to be set enabled or disabled. If disabled is selected, note that no disturbance report is registered, and none sub-function will operate (the only general parameter that influences sequential of events (soe)). Operation = disabled: ...

  • Page 431

    Postfault recording time (postfaultrect) is the maximum recording time after the disappearance of the trig-signal (does not influence the trip value recorder (tvr) function). Recording time limit (timelimit) is the maximum recording time after trig. The parameter limits the recording time if some tr...

  • Page 432

    Func103n: function type number (0-255) for binary input n according to iec-60870-5-103, that is, 128: distance protection, 160: overcurrent protection, 176: transformer differential protection and 192: line differential protection. Info103n: information number (0-255) for binary input n according to...

  • Page 433

    Disturbance recorder operationm: analog channel m is to be recorded by the disturbance recorder (enabled) or not (disabled). If operationm = disabled, no waveform (samples) will be recorded and reported in graph. However, trip value, pre-fault and fault value will be recorded and reported. The input...

  • Page 434

    Triggering is used, chose settings by a sufficient margin from normal operation values. Phase voltages are not recommended for trigging. Remember that values of parameters set elsewhere are linked to the information on a report. Such parameters are, for example, station and object identifiers, ct an...

  • Page 435

    14.7.3 setting guidelines the pulse time t is the only setting for the logical signal status report (binstatrep). Each output can be set or reset individually, but the pulse time will be the same for all outputs in the entire binstatrep function. 14.8 limit counter l4ufcnt 14.8.1 identification func...

  • Page 436

    14.9 running hour-meter teilgapc 14.9.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number running hour-meter teilgapc - - 14.9.2 application the function is used for user-defined logics and it can also be used for different purposes i...

  • Page 437

    Section 15 metering 15.1 pulse-counter logic pcfcnt 15.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number pulse-counter logic pcfcnt s00947 v1 en - 15.1.2 application pulse-counter logic (pcfcnt) function counts externally generate...

  • Page 438

    The configuration of the inputs and outputs of the pulse counter-logic pcfcnt function block is made with pcm600. On the binary input module, the debounce filter default time is set to 1 ms, that is, the counter suppresses pulses with a pulse length less than 1 ms. The input oscillation blocking fre...

  • Page 439

    Etpmmtr p q startacc stopacc rstacc rstdmd accinprg eafpulse earpulse erfpulse errpulse eafalm earalm erfalm erralm eafacc earacc erfacc erracc maxpafd maxpard maxprfd maxprrd iec13000184-1-en.Vsd iec13000190 v1 en figure 182: connection of energy calculation and demand handling function etpmmtr to ...

  • Page 440

    Operation: disabled/enabled enaacc: disabled/enabled is used to switch the accumulation of energy on and off. Tenergy: time interval when energy is measured. Tenergyonpls: gives the pulse length on time of the pulse. It should be at least 100 ms when connected to the pulse counter function block. Ty...

  • Page 441

    Section 16 station communication 16.1 communication protocols each ied is provided with a communication interface, enabling it to connect to one or many substation level systems or equipment, either on the substation automation (sa) bus or substation monitoring (sm) bus. Available communication prot...

  • Page 442

    Kiosk 2 kiosk 3 station hsi base system engineering workstation sms gateway printer cc iec09000135_en.V sd kiosk 1 ied 1 ied 2 ied 3 ied 1 ied 2 ied 3 ied 1 ied 2 ied 3 iec09000135 v1 en figure 183: sa system with iec 61850–8–1 figure 184 shows the goose peer-to-peer communication. Section 16 1mrk 5...

  • Page 443

    Control protection control protection control and protection goose en05000734.Vsd station hsi microscada gateway ied a ied a ied a ied a ied a iec05000734 v1 en figure 184: example of a broadcasted goose message 16.2.2 horizontal communication via goose for interlocking gooseintlkrcv table 46: goose...

  • Page 444

    16.2.4.1 application generic communication function for measured value (spgapc) function is used to send one single logical output to other systems or equipment in the substation. It has one visible input, that should be connected in act tool. 16.2.4.2 setting guidelines there are no settings availa...

  • Page 445

    16.2.6.2 application parallel redundancy protocol status (prpstatus) together with duo driver configuration (duodrv) are used to supervise and assure redundant ethernet communication over two channels. This will secure data transfer even though one communication channel might not be available for so...

  • Page 446

    16.2.6.3 setting guidelines redundant communication (duodrv) is configured in the local hmi under main menu/settings/general settings/communication/ethernet configuration/rear oem - redundant prp the settings can then be viewed, but not set, in the parameter setting tool in pcm600 under main menu/ie...

  • Page 447

    Iec10000057-2-en.Vsd iec10000057 v2 en figure 186: pst screen: duodrv operation is set to on, which affect rear oem - port ab and cd which are both set to duo 1mrk 505 337-uus - section 16 station communication 441 application manual.

  • Page 448

    16.3 lon communication protocol 16.3.1 application control center ied ied ied gateway star coupler rer 111 station hsi microscada iec05000663-1-en.Vsd iec05000663 v2 en figure 187: example of lon communication structure for a substation automation system an optical network can be used within the sub...

  • Page 449

    The lon protocol the lon protocol is specified in the lontalkprotocol specification version 3 from echelon corporation. This protocol is designed for communication in control networks and is a peer-to-peer protocol where all the devices connected to the network can communicate with each other direct...

  • Page 450

    16.4 spa communication protocol 16.4.1 application spa communication protocol as an alternative to iec 60870-5-103. The same communication port as for iec 60870-5-103 is used. When communicating with a pc connected to the utility substation lan, via wan and the utility office lan, as shown in figure...

  • Page 451

    Functionality the spa protocol v2.5 is an ascii-based protocol for serial communication. The communication is based on a master-slave principle, where the ied is a slave and the pc is the master. Only one master can be applied on each fibre optic loop. A program is required in the master computer fo...

  • Page 452

    16.5 iec 60870-5-103 communication protocol 16.5.1 application tcp/ip control center ied ied ied gateway star coupler station hsi ansi05000660-4-en.Vsd ansi05000660 v4 en figure 189: example of iec 60870-5-103 communication structure for a substation automation system iec 60870-5-103 communication p...

  • Page 453

    Design general the protocol implementation consists of the following functions: • event handling • report of analog service values (measurands) • fault location • command handling • autorecloser on/off • teleprotection on/off • protection on/off • led reset • characteristics 1 - 4 (setting groups) •...

  • Page 454

    Status the events created in the ied available for the iec 60870-5-103 protocol are based on the: • ied status indication in monitor direction function block with defined ied functions in monitor direction, i103ied. This block use parameter as function type, and information number parameter is defin...

  • Page 455

    Measurands the measurands can be included as type 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and type 9 according to the standard. • measurands in public range function block that reports all valid measuring types depending on connected signals, i103meas. • measurands in private range function blocks with user defined inpu...

  • Page 456

    Main menu/configuration/communication/station communication/ iec6870-5-103/ • • slaveaddress • baudrate • revpolarity (optical channel only) • cycmeasreptime • mastertimedomain • timesyncmode • evaltimeaccuracy • eventrepmode • cmdmode • repintermediatepos is: • “optical103:1” for the optical serial...

  • Page 457

    The slave number can be set to any value between 1 and 254. The communication speed, can be set either to 9600 bits/s or 19200 bits/s. • revpolarity: setting for inverting the light (or not). Standard iec 60870-5-103 setting is enabled. • cycmeasreptime: see i103meas function block for more informat...

  • Page 458

    Recorded analog channels are sent with asdu26 and asdu31. One information element in these asdus is called acc and indicates the actual channel to be processed. The channels on disturbance recorder will be sent with an acc according to the following table: dra#-input acc iec103 meaning 1 1 ia 2 2 ib...

  • Page 459

    Dra#-input acc iec103 meaning 33 88 private range 34 89 private range 35 90 private range 36 91 private range 37 92 private range 38 93 private range 39 94 private range 40 95 private range function and information types product type iec103mainfuntype value comment: rel 128 compatible range rec 242 ...

  • Page 460

    16.6 multicmdrcv and multicmdsnd 16.6.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number multiple command and receive multicmdrcv - - multiple command and send multicmdsnd - - 16.6.2 application the ied provides two function blocks e...

  • Page 461

    Section 17 remote communication 17.1 binary signal transfer 17.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number binary signal transfer binsignreceive - - binary signal transfer binsigntransm - - 17.1.2 application the ieds can be...

  • Page 462

    Ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm ld cm en06000519-2.Vsd iec06000519 v2 en figure 191: direct fibre optical connection between two ieds with ldcm the ldcm can also be used together with an external optical to galvanic g.703 converter or with an...

  • Page 463

    17.1.2.2 application possibility with one-phase reb670 for busbar protection applications in substations where dynamic zone selection is required, it is typically necessary to wire the normally open and normally closed auxiliary contacts from every monitored disconnector and/or circuit breaker to th...

  • Page 464

    Typical ldcm communication delay between two ieds is in order of 30-40 ms. Note that for disconnector status this delay will not pose any practical problems. However, time delay caused by ldcm communication can be crucial for circuit breakers status. In such cases it is strongly recommended that at ...

  • Page 465

    • slot 302: main channel • slot 303: redundant channel the same is applicable for slot 312-313 and slot 322-323. Diffsync: here the method of time synchronization, echo or gps, for the line differential function is selected. Using echo in this situation is safe only as long as there is no risk of va...

  • Page 466

    Redchswtime: time delay before switchover to a redundant channel in case of primary channel failure. Redchrturntime: time delay before switchback to a the primary channel after channel failure. Asymdelay: the asymmetry is defined as transmission delay minus receive delay. If a fixed asymmetry is kno...

  • Page 467

    Section 18 basic ied functions 18.1 authority status athstat 18.1.1 application authority status (athstat) function is an indication function block, which informs about two events related to the ied and the user authorization: • the fact that at least one user has tried to log on wrongly into the ie...

  • Page 468

    • control operations • set system time • enter and exit from test mode • change of active setting group the binary input controlling the function is defined in act or smt. The chnglck function is configured using act. Lock binary input signal that will activate/deactivate the function, defined in ac...

  • Page 469

    18.3.2 setting guidelines the function does not have any parameters available in the local hmi or pcm600. 18.4 ied identifiers 18.4.1 application ied identifiers (terminalid) function allows the user to identify the individual ied in the system, not only in the substation, but in a whole region or a...

  • Page 470

    18.5.2 factory defined settings the factory defined settings are very useful for identifying a specific version and very helpful in the case of maintenance, repair, interchanging ieds between different substation automation systems and upgrading. The factory made settings can not be changed by the c...

  • Page 471

    18.6.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number measured value expander block range_xp - - 18.6.2 application the current and voltage measurements functions (cvmmxn, cmmxu, vmmxu and vnmmxu), current and voltage sequence meas...

  • Page 472

    Parameters are available in the ied. Any of them can be activated through the different programmable binary inputs by means of external or internal control signals. A function block, setgrps, defines how many setting groups are used. Setting is done with parameter maxsetgr and shall be set to the re...

  • Page 473

    18.9 summation block 3 phase 3phsum 18.9.1 application the analog summation block 3phsum function block is used in order to get the sum of two sets of 3 phase analog signals (of the same type) for those ied functions that might need it. 18.9.2 setting guidelines the summation block receives the thre...

  • Page 474

    This is an advantage since all applicable functions in the ied use a single source of base values. This facilitates consistency throughout the ied and also facilitates a single point for updating values when necessary. Each applicable function in the ied has a parameter, globalbasesel, defining one ...

  • Page 475

    18.12.1 application the signal matrix for binary outputs function smbo is used within the application configuration tool in direct relation with the signal matrix tool. Smbo represents the way binary outputs are sent from one ied configuration. 18.12.2 setting guidelines there are no setting paramet...

  • Page 476

    If only one phase-phase voltage is available and smai setting connectiontype is ph-ph, the user is advised to connect two (not three) of the inputs grpx_a, grpx_b and grpx_c to the same voltage input as shown in figure 194 to make smai calculate a positive sequence voltage. Smai1 block dftspfc revro...

  • Page 477

    And so on – 244 values in total). Besides the block “group name”, the analog inputs type (voltage or current) and the analog input names that can be set directly in act. Application functions should be connected to a smai block with same task cycle as the application function, except for e.G. Measur...

  • Page 478

    Examples of adaptive frequency tracking preprocessing block shall only be used to feed functions within the same execution cycles (e.G. Use preprocessing block with cycle 1 to feed transformer differential protection). The only exceptions are measurement functions (cvmmxn, cmmxu,vmmxu, etc.) which s...

  • Page 479

    Iec07000197.Vsd smai instance 3 phase group smai1:1 1 smai2:2 2 smai3:3 3 smai4:4 4 smai5:5 5 smai6:6 6 smai7:7 7 smai8:8 8 smai9:9 9 smai10:10 10 smai11:11 11 smai12:12 12 task time group 1 smai instance 3 phase group smai1:13 1 smai2:14 2 smai3:15 3 smai4:16 4 smai5:17 5 smai6:18 6 smai7:19 7 smai...

  • Page 480

    Down of the machine. In other application the usual setting of the parameter dftreference of smai is internaldftref. Example 1 ansi07000198.Vsd smai1:1 block dftspfc ^grp1_a ^grp1_b ^grp1_c ^grp1_n type spfcout ai3p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4 ain smai1:13 block dftspfc ^grp1_a ^grp1_b ^grp1_c ^grp1_n type spfc...

  • Page 481

    Example 2 ansi07000198.Vsd smai1:13 block dftspfc ^grp1_a ^grp1_b ^grp1_c ^grp1_n type spfcout ai3p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4 ain smai1:1 block dftspfc ^grp1_a ^grp1_b ^grp1_c ^grp1_n type spfcout ai3p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4 ain smai1:25 block dftspfc ^grp1_a ^grp1_b ^grp1_c ^grp1_n type spfcout ai3p ai1 ai2 ai3 ai4...

  • Page 482

    18.14 test mode functionality test 18.14.1 application the protection and control ieds may have a complex configuration with many included functions. To make the testing procedure easier, the ieds include the feature that allows individual blocking of a single-, several-, or all functions. This mean...

  • Page 483

    When the setting operation is set to off, the behavior is set to off and it is not possible to override it. When a behavior of a function is offthe function will not execute. When iec61850 mod of a function is set to off or blocked, the start led on the lhmi will be set to flashing to indicate the a...

  • Page 484

    Both hardware and software supervision is included and it is also possible to indicate possible faults through a hardware contact on the power supply module and/or through the software communication. Internal events are generated by the built-in supervisory functions. The supervisory functions super...

  • Page 485

    With each other. With time synchronization, events and disturbances within the whole network, can be compared and evaluated. In the ied, the internal time can be synchronized from the following sources: • bin (binary minute pulse) • dnp • gps • iec103 • sntp • irig-b • spa • lon • pps for ieds using...

  • Page 486

    18.16.2.2 synchronization the setting parameters for the real-time clock with external time synchronization are set via local hmi or pcm600. The path for time synchronization parameters on local hmi is main menu/configuration/time/synchronization. The parameters are categorized as time synchronizati...

  • Page 487

    The parameter syncmaster defines if the ied is a master, or not a master for time synchronization within a substation automation system, for ieds connected in a communication network (iec61850-8-1). The syncmaster can have the following values: • disabled • sntp -server set the course time synchroni...

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    482.

  • Page 489

    Section 19 requirements 19.1 current transformer requirements the performance of a protection function will depend on the quality of the measured current signal. Saturation of the current transformers (cts) will cause distortion of the current signals and can result in a failure to operate or cause ...

  • Page 490

    The non remanence type ct has practically negligible level of remanent flux. This type of ct has relatively big air gaps in order to reduce the remanence to practically zero level. In the same time, these air gaps reduce the influence of the dc-component from the primary fault current. The air gaps ...

  • Page 491

    Asymmetrical fault current will be achieved when the fault occurs at approximately zero voltage (0°). Investigations have shown that 95% of the faults in the network will occur when the voltage is between 40° and 90°. In addition fully asymmetrical fault current will not exist in all phases at the s...

  • Page 492

    19.1.5 general current transformer requirements the current transformer ratio is mainly selected based on power system data for example, maximum load and/or maximum fault current. It should be verified that the current to the protection is higher than the minimum operating value for all faults that ...

  • Page 493

    19.1.6.2 current transformers according to iec 61869-2, class px, pxr (and old iec 60044-6, class tps and old british standard, class x) cts according to these classes are specified approximately in the same way by a rated knee point e.M.F. E knee (e k for class px and pxr, e kneebs for class x and ...

  • Page 494

    Normally has a lower value than the knee-point e.M.F. According to iec and bs. V kneeansi can approximately be estimated to 75 % of the corresponding e al according to iec 61869-2. Therefore, the cts according to ansi/ieee must have a knee point voltage v kneeansi that fulfills the following: kneean...

  • Page 495

    19.4 sample specification of communication requirements for the protection and control terminals in digital telecommunication networks the communication requirements are based on echo timing. Bit error rate (ber) according to itu-t g.821, g.826 and g.828 • -6 according to the standard for data and v...

  • Page 496

    • format: transparent • maximum channel delay • loop time ied with echo synchronization of differential clock (without gps clock) • both channels must have the same route with maximum asymmetry of 0,2-0,5 ms, depending on set sensitivity of the differential protection. • a fixed asymmetry can be com...

  • Page 497

    Section 20 glossary ac alternating current acc actual channel act application configuration tool within pcm600 a/d converter analog-to-digital converter adbs amplitude deadband supervision adm analog digital conversion module, with time synchronization ai analog input ansi american national standard...

  • Page 498

    Cb circuit breaker cbm combined backplane module ccitt consultative committee for international telegraph and telephony. A united nations-sponsored standards body within the international telecommunications union. Ccm can carrier module ccvt capacitive coupled voltage transformer class c protection ...

  • Page 499

    Dbll dead bus live line dc direct current dfc data flow control dft discrete fourier transform dhcp dynamic host configuration protocol dip-switch small switch mounted on a printed circuit board di digital input dllb dead line live bus dnp distributed network protocol as per ieee std 1815-2012 dr di...

  • Page 500

    G.703 electrical and functional description for digital lines used by local telephone companies. Can be transported over balanced and unbalanced lines gcm communication interface module with carrier of gps receiver module gde graphical display editor within pcm600 gi general interrogation command gi...

  • Page 501

    Ieee 1686 standard for substation intelligent electronic devices (ieds) cyber security capabilities ied intelligent electronic device i-gis intelligent gas-insulated switchgear iom binary input/output module instance when several occurrences of the same function are available in the ied, they are re...

  • Page 502

    Lnt lon network tool lon local operating network mcb miniature circuit breaker mcm mezzanine carrier module mim milli-ampere module mpm main processing module mval value of measurement mvb multifunction vehicle bus. Standardized serial bus originally developed for use in trains. Ncc national control...

  • Page 503

    Psm power supply module pst parameter setting tool within pcm600 pt ratio potential transformer or voltage transformer ratio putt permissive underreach transfer trip rasc synchrocheck relay, combiflex rca relay characteristic angle risc reduced instruction set computer rms value root mean square val...

  • Page 504

    Spa strömberg protection acquisition (spa), a serial master/slave protocol for point-to-point and ring communication. Sry switch for cb ready condition st switch or push button to trip starpoint neutral/wye point of transformer or generator svc static var compensation tc trip coil tcs trip circuit s...

  • Page 505

    Utc coordinated universal time. A coordinated time scale, maintained by the bureau international des poids et mesures (bipm), which forms the basis of a coordinated dissemination of standard frequencies and time signals. Utc is derived from international atomic time (tai) by the addition of a whole ...

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