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CAKEWALK Cakewalk SONAR User Manual

Other manuals for Cakewalk SONAR: User Manual, User Manual

Summary of Cakewalk SONAR

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    Cakewalk sonar user’s guide © ™.

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    Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not repre- sent a commitment on the part of twelve tone systems, inc. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement. The software may be used or copied only in accord...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xxiii about this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xxiii registering sonar today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

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    Vi starting to use sonar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2 tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 tutorial 1—the basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

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    Vii tutorial 6—using groove clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 adding groove clips to a project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 looping groove clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 changing ...

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    Viii configurable panning laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 adjusting volume trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 assigning a midi channel (chn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 adjusting the key/...

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    Ix the audio engine button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 loop recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 punch recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

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    X take management and comping takes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 clip muting and isolating (clip soloing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 clip muting with the default style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 clip muting with the alterna...

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    Xi note names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 displaying notes and controllers (piano roll view only) . . . . . . . . . . 248 adding and editing notes in the piano roll view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 selecting notes . . . . . . ...

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    Xii filtering events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 adding arpeggio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 analyzing chords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

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    Xiii scrubbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 basic audio processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 using the normalize and gain commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 revers...

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    Xiv preparing to mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 configuring the console and track views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 mixing midi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

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    Xv preparing to create an audio cd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 preparing audio for distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 exporting omf files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 dithering . . . ...

  • Page 16: 14 Layouts, Templates

    Xvi converting midi envelopes to shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 snapshots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 adding nodes at a selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 automating...

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    Xvii chords and marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 adding chord symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 adding expression marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 add...

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    Xviii what can they do and not do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 where do instrument definitions come from? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 start of tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 17 using system exclus...

  • Page 19: 21 Appendix A:

    Xix 19 audio file management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 the project files dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 project files and bundle files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

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    Xx why can’t sonar find my audio files? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 i get an a error message when i change a project to 24-bit audio . . . 563 bouncing tracks takes a long time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 why do i get errors from the wave profile...

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    Xxi new normalize and gain commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 midi scale/zoom control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 audio meter enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 enhanced pr...

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    Xxii.

  • Page 23: Preface

    English the sonar user’s guide is designed to help you learn and use sonar. This guide explains how sonar works and how to use it to create, edit, produce, and perform. The sonar user’s guid e is task-oriented, with lots of cross-references, so that you can find the information you need. The user’s ...

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    Xxiv conventions used in this book the following table describes the text conventions in this book: getting help in addition to this user’s guide, sonar includes online help that can provide you with quick reference information whenever you need it. Simply press f1 or click the help button in any di...

  • Page 25: Introduction

    English introduction sonar is a professional tool for authoring sound and music on your personal computer. It’s designed for musicians, composers, arrangers, audio and production engineers, multimedia and game developers, and recording engineers. Sonar supports wave, mp3, acidized waves, wma, aiff a...

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    26 : about sonar sonar is the flagship product of the cakewalk line of integrated midi and digital audio sequencers for the windows platform. Sonar has a comprehensive feature set that makes it the single most productive tool for sound and music authoring. Here are some of the ways you can use sonar...

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    27 engl ish synchronizing audio or midi to film or video. Or, you can turn chase lock off to conserve cpu power. Sonar provides high-quality time stretching and sample-accurate editing with zero-crossing detection so you can make the fine adjustments you need in record time. In addition, sonar’s sup...

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    28 : digital audio digital audio is a simple way to record and play sounds of any type. It works like a tape recorder—you record something, then later play it back. Digital audio stores the sound as a long series of numbers. Sound waves sound waves are vibrations in the air. Sound waves are generate...

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    29 engl ish to install sonar 1. Start your computer. 2. Close any open programs you have running. 3. Place the sonar cd-rom in your cd-rom drive. If you have autorun enabled, the sonar autorun menu opens automatically, showing you a dialog box with several buttons. If autorun is not enabled, you can...

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    30 : audio connections there are several types of audio interfaces (soundcards). Cardbus (pci), usb/usb2 and firewire are the most common. Laptops can use an audio pcmcia card. Many audio interfaces also have midi inputs and some have built in midi synthesizers as well. This section covers the vario...

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    31 engl ish sound card or audio hardware interface that you can plug your guitar cable into. To connect a microphone to your computer • if your sound card has a 1/8 inch input jack, and your microphone cable has a 1/4” plug on the end, plug the mic cable into a 1/8” stereo adapter, and then plug the...

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    32 : the quick start dialog box has several options: if you don’t want to see the quick start dialog box in the future, uncheck the box at the bottom of the dialog box, and click close. You can see the quick start dialog box later by choosing help-quick start. Migrating preferences if you have a pre...

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    33 engl ish running wave profiler the first time you start sonar, it automatically runs the wave profiler utility. Wave profiler determines the proper midi and audio timings for your sound card and writes them to a file that sonar refers to when using the card. Wave profiler does not change the soun...

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    34 : 1. Select options-midi devices. You will see the midi devices dialog box, which lets you choose instruments on midi inputs and outputs. 2. Look at the left window. Notice that it shows devices on midi inputs; make sure that all devices in this window are highlighted. If a device isn’t highlight...

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    35 engl ish the options-midi devices command to enable the new driver in sonar’s list. Defining your midi instrument or sound card once you have selected your midi input and output devices, sonar, by default, plays back midi sequences using a general midi instrument definition. If you are using a sy...

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    36 : other types of files sonar lets you create and work with several other types of files, in addition to project (. Cwp ) and bundle (. Cwb ) files that store your projects: opening a file use the following procedure to open a file. To open a file in sonar 1. If you haven't already done so, start ...

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    37 engl ish pane, and the bus pane. You can change the size of the panes by dragging the vertical or horizontal splitter bars that separate them. All of the current track’s controls, plus a few that are only available in the console view, are contained in the track/bus inspector which is an expanded...

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    38 : the current track’s controls are contained in the track/bus inspector. The clips pane shows the clips in your project on a horizontal timeline called the time ruler that helps you visualize how your project is organized. Clips contain markings that indicate their contents. The clips pane lets y...

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    39 engl ish track/bus inspector for an audio track phase, mono, input echo mute, solo, arm pan volume meter volume fader output menu trim track/bus inspector for a midi track choose track or bus menu fx bin: large view with assignable sliders send controls: midi ch., bank, patch input echo mute, sol...

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    40 : you can hide or show any of the track/bus inspector’s controls, and use it to display the controls from any track or bus. The following table shows you how: to do this… do this… hide or show the track/bus inspector press i on your keyboard. Display a certain track’s or bus’s controls in the tra...

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    41 engl ish the console view the console view is where you can mix the sounds on all the different tracks to create the final mix of your project. While the track view provides most of the same controls, you may want to use the more familiar interface of the console view for mixing. You use the cons...

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    42 : other views sonar has a number of other views you can use to display and work on your project. To display these views, select one or more tracks, by ctrl-clicking their track numbers and: • click the icon for the view in the views toolbar or • choose the view you want from the view menu the pia...

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    43 engl ish the staff view : displays the notes from one or more midi tracks using standard music notation, similar to the way the notation would appear on a printed page. You can add, edit, or delete notes; create percussion parts; add guitar chords and other notation markings; display guitar tabla...

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    44 : the loop explorer view : allows you to preview acidized files and other wave files; and drag and drop them into your project. The event list view : displays the events in a project individually, so that you can make changes at a very detailed level. Sonar has several other views that are used f...

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    45 engl ish zoom controls many of the views contain zoom tools that let you change the horizontal and vertical scale of the view: the track view toolbar contains the zoom tool: the zoom tools are used as described in the following table: you can also zoom with the keyboard: tempo to view and edit th...

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    46 : docking views you can dock any view other than the console view in the lower-right corner of the track view by enabling a view’s enable tabbed option. You can have as many views open in tabbed format as you want. You can toggle through the different views by clicking the tab of the view you wan...

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    47 engl ish locking views by default sonar allows only one instance of each view, but you can lock the contents of most views, preserving the current view by forcing a new instance of the view to appear if necessary. Locking views is the only way you can have multiple instances of the same view open...

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    48 : windows taskbar indicators when sonar is running, you’ll normally see two indicators in your windows taskbar, right next to the clock. The midi activity monitor contains two lights that indicate midi input and output. When you play your midi keyboard, the first light flashes when each note is p...

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    49 engl ish 2. Choose the desired wallpaper according to the table: 3. Click ok when you are done. Starting to use sonar this chapter has provided you with an overview of sonar and basic information on how to install the software and configure your system. To get started with sonar, try the tutorial...

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    50 :.

  • Page 51: Tutorials

    English tutorials now that you’ve learned some of the basics, it’s time to put that knowledge to work. These tutorials will give you some hands-on practice in playing, recording, and mixing your projects. In this chapter tutorial 1—the basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

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    52 : tutorial 1—the basics the first tutorial teaches you the basics of sonar. You'll learn how to: • open and play a project file • make the project repeat automatically • use markers • speed or slow the tempo • mute a track and play a track solo • change a track's instrument • play a track on a mi...

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    53 engl ish 2. In the create these tracks fields, deselect midi source, because we want to patch the pre-existing midi tracks into cakewalk tts-1. 3. Verify that the first synth audio output option is checked. We’ll need this track to route cakewalk tts-1 to our chosen audio output. The new synth tr...

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    54 : after you click the dropdown arrow in a track’s output menu, a dropdown menu appears, containing a list of enabled midi outputs. 2. Select the output you want to use for that track—select “cakewalk tts-1 1 output 1.” 3. For all the other midi tracks, you’ll also want to choose the “cakewalk tts...

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    55 engl ish note: t utorial 1. Cwp does not contain audio data or audio tracks, but if you need to choose an audio output for an audio track, each audio track also has an output menu. Audio tracks display an audio icon just to the right of the track number: this tutorial has so far focused on using ...

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    56 : let's play the project! Playing the project buttons in the large transport toolbar, shown in the following picture, can control most of sonar’s basic playback functions. If you don’t see the large transport toolbar, then choose view-toolbars and check transport (large). To start playback • to p...

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    57 engl ish the now time is also shown in the transport toolbar, both in mbt (measure/beat/tick) format and in time code format (hour/minute/second/frame). During playback, the now time increases in accordance with the progress of the project. You can set the now time of the project by clicking in t...

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    58 : markers toolbar lets you move the now time to a marker, add a new marker at the now time, and edit the marker list. If you don’t see the markers toolbar, then choose view-toolbars and check markers. The current project contains several markers. Let’s try starting playback from the marker labele...

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    59 engl ish to loop over the entire project, do the following: 1. In the loop toolbar, click the loop start time. The time display changes to an edit box with spin controls. 2. To loop over the entire project, the loop must start at 1:01:000. If the loop start time is not already set to 1:01:000, us...

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    60 : 8. Click rewind. The project rewinds to the loop start time. 9. Click play. A quicker way of selecting the loop times in the preceding example would be to simply click in the area between the markers at the top of the clips pane, then click to copy the selection start and end times to the loop/...

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    61 engl ish setting the tempo ratios tempo ratios can be changed by shift-clicking on them in the tempo toolbar and entering a new number in the dialog box. By default, tempo ratios are set to 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00, respectively. Advanced tempo control this project is a special case in that it has on...

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    62 : playing a track solo if you want to hear one track by itself, you could mute all other tracks. But there’s a quicker way to do it—the solo button. For example, to play the drum part by itself, do the following: 1. Click the solo button in the drum track (track 5). Voila, a percussion solo! 2. T...

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    63 engl ish you can change the patch at other times in the project besides the beginning by using the insert-bank/ patch change command: 1. Stop playback. 2. Select the track in which you want to insert a patch change by clicking on its track number. 3. Move the now time to the place where you want ...

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    64 : output 1, the second device to output 2, and so on. For help with these settings, see the online help topic “setting up output devices.” 3. Click ok. Routing midi data to the keyboard let’s play back the piano track through your midi keyboard. First, turn your keyboard on and make sure it is se...

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    65 engl ish 4. Select the midi tracks template from the template list. 5. Click ok. Sonar opens a new project named tutorial2, containing only midi tracks. Recording a midi track let’s record a new midi track in the project. Setting up the metronome musicians often use a metronome to keep track of t...

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    66 : 2. In the inputs column, select your sound card's midi in device or the midi in for your external midi interface. For help with these settings, seethe online help topic “setting up the midi in and midi out devices.” 3. Click ok. Setting up playback during recording, sonar will play the rest of ...

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    67 engl ish 1. Display the controls of the track you recorded by clicking its restore strip size button , or by dragging the vertical zoom control that’s located at the lower right corner of the clips pane. You may need to click the all tab at the bottom of the track pane to display all the controls...

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    68 : 3. Click ok. Sonar saves the project under the new name. From now on, you can click the save button to save this project. Loop recording if you'd like to record several takes successively, you can set up sonar to loop over the entire project, or just some section of it. Sonar will record a new ...

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    69 engl ish loop recording finally, let's record our takes: 1. Choose transport-record options to display the record options dialog box. 2. Choose the store takes in separate tracks option to store each new take in a separate track. Each time a new take starts, the settings from the first track will...

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    70 : let's try it. Suppose you want to replace several measures in the recording you made earlier in this tutorial. 1. Display the record toolbar by choosing view-toolbars-record. 2. In the record toolbar, click the punch in time. 3. Type the number of the measure at which you want to begin punch re...

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    71 engl ish tutorial 3—recording digital audio to record digital audio, you need some sort of device hooked up to your sound card's line or mic input— an electric guitar, a preamp, or a mixer, for example. If nothing else, try playing or singing into a microphone! If you have never connected an inst...

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    72 : 1. Use the options-audio command to open the audio options dialog box. 2. On the general tab, find the audio driver bit depth field and select one of the options. 3. Click ok. For more information about audio driver bit depth, see the online help topic “bit depths for playback.” to set the reco...

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    73 engl ish to check the audio input levels: 1. Click the arm button in your new audio track. The track’s meter becomes a record meter. 2. Perform as you would during recording. Watch the meter respond to the sounds you produce. If the meter does not respond, you may need to raise the volume of your...

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    74 : recording another take if you'd like to delete your performance and try again, do the following: 1. Choose edit-undo recording to undo your recording, or press ctrl+z (undo). 2. If necessary, click rewind or press w. 3. Make sure the track is still armed for recording. 4. Click record . 5. When...

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    75 engl ish tutorial 4—editing midi sonar has too many powerful midi features to look at in one tutorial, so let’s look at some of the most basic features and also cover some exciting new ones, such as slip editing and midi envelopes. In this tutorial, start by opening the file tutorial 4. Cwp in th...

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    76 : 4. While holding down the ctrl key, drag the first clip in the bass track to the right and release the mouse when the start of the clip is at measure three. The drag and drop options dialog box appears. Click ok—sonar places a copy of the clip in measures three through four. Ctrl-dragging a cli...

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    77 engl ish 7. Find the note that starts at the beginning of measure three and move the cursor over the beginning of the note so that the cursor becomes a cross. Drag the beginning of the note to the left by a half beat, and release the mouse. Sonar moves the note to the left by a half beat and leng...

  • Page 78

    78 : when you move the draw tool over a note, it changes into one of 3 different editing tools, depending on what part of the note you move it over: • if you move the draw tool over the beginning or end of a note, the draw tool changes into a cross. When you drag one end of a note with the cross ico...

  • Page 79

    79 engl ish 4. Drag the end of the second clip to the left until just the “tail” or glissando of the data is hidden. 5. In the third clip, hold down both the alt and shift keys and drag only the data inside the clip to the left by about one eighth note. You can experiment as much as you want with sl...

  • Page 80

    80 : 8. Right-click the line that’s between the last two nodes, and choose slow curve from the envelope editing menu. Sonar changes the line to a curve. Now the drop in volume is a little more gradual. Now you have some interesting dynamics in your track. You can add a lot more to your envelope, and...

  • Page 81

    81 engl ish tutorial 5—editing audio in this tutorial we will be editing a bundle file with drums, bass, guitar and organ. We will add some additional percussion, and edit some of the existing tracks. This tutorial covers the following: • importing wave files • dragging and looping clips • slip edit...

  • Page 82

    82 : 8. Open the tutorials folder located in the directory where sonar is installed. 9. Select organ . Wav and click open. A new clip appears in the selected track at the specified now time—measure 18. 10. Double-click the track name, and type in a new name: “organ,” and press enter. 11. Move the no...

  • Page 83

    83 engl ish 3. When the cursor turns into a rectangle, click and drag the beginning of the clip until you have reached the beginning of the waveform. The beginning of the clip is now hidden. The data is not lost, as you will see if you drag the beginning to where it was originally. Slip edited data ...

  • Page 84

    84 : 7. In the source category field, choose entire mix. 8. In the channel format field, since our two original percussion tracks are in stereo, choose stereo. This way we preserve their stereo quality. 9. In the source bus(es) field, make sure the name of the sound card that the relevant tracks use...

  • Page 85

    85 engl ish adding groove clips to a project there are two ways to add a groove clip to your project. Let’s use both. To import a groove clip 1. Select file-new to create a new project. 2. In the new project file dialog box, enter tutorial6 in the name field. 3. Select the normal template from the t...

  • Page 86

    86 : 7. Navigate to the tutorial folder in the directory where you installed sonar. 8. Select 100 onetwo . Wav and drag it into the clips pane below the sound effect track at measure 3. Repeat step 8 by dragging 100 beat 2. Wav below track 2 at measure 7 and 100 organ . Wav below track 3 at measure ...

  • Page 87

    87 engl ish to crop a groove clip 1. Click the dropdown arrow on the snap to grid button to open its dialog box, set the musical time duration to quarter, and click ok to close the dialog box. 2. Move your cursor over the beginning of the second clip in track 2 until it looks like this . 3. “crop” t...

  • Page 88

    88 : 5. Click on the clip and drag it one measure to the left. Like this: the drag and drop options dialog appears. 6. In the drag and drop options dialog, click blend old and new and click ok. You have added groove clips and edited them. Your project should look like this: let’s take a listen to wh...

  • Page 89

    89 engl ish 2. Right-click in the time ruler at the beginning of measure 1 and select insert marker from the menu. The marker dialog appears. 3. In the groove clip pitch dropdown, select c and click ok. 4. Create another pitch marker at the beginning of measure 2, this time selecting f from the groo...

  • Page 90

    90 : the loop construction view appears. You see that there is silence at both the beginning and end of the clip. We are going to slip edit the clip so that the clip begins with the attack of the first note and ends as the last note tails off. 9. Move you cursor to the beginning of the clip. 10. Whe...

  • Page 91

    91 engl ish the bass track is now a groove clip, so you can move it where you want and create repetitions by dragging it out. Let’s create another groove clip. To create a groove clip (example 2) for this example we are going to use a clip that does not need to be slip edited. 1. In the explorer vie...

  • Page 92

    92 : 2. Click the select tool . 3. Click and drag the slicing markers that need to be fine tuned so that they are at the very beginning of the transient. Like this: use the two projects you have created to experiment with groove clips further. Try new loops, change tempos, add pitch markers, record ...

  • Page 93

    93 engl ish 3. Play the project to hear what it sounds like. You can continue to adjust the effect while the project plays; there is a slight delay before your adjustments are audible. Close the dialog box. You can add effects to buses with the same method (right-click the fx field in a bus, and cho...

  • Page 94

    94 : grouping controls to assist in manipulating the controls, you can tie faders to one another. For example, if you want to increase the volume level on several tracks at the same time, you can assign them to a group. Then, when you move one volume fader, you move them all. You can even have the c...

  • Page 95

    95 engl ish when you’re done tweaking the mix, to make sure you don’t accidentally erase any automation data, you can disarm any armed controls by clicking the disarm all automation controls button in the automation toolbar, or the red auto indicator that’s in the status bar. Exporting an mp3 file w...

  • Page 96

    96 : • all main outs to single mix—if the outputs of the tracks you are combining go to different main outs, choose this option to create a single new file that combines the output data from all the main outs. 11. In the mix enables field, select the effects you want to include in your new file—usua...

  • Page 97

    97 engl ish 4. Select all synth audio outputs because we’re going to use a different synth track for each of cakewalk tts-1’s 4 outputs. The new synth tracks have cakewalk tts-1 already patched to them as audio inputs. 5. In the open these windows fields, select both synth property page and synth ra...

  • Page 98

    98 : 2. Let’s set our midi tracks to use different outputs on the tts-1: in the tts-1 interface, click the system button to open the system settings panel, and click the option button in system settings to open the options dialog. 3. On the output assign tab look in the tone name column, and click o...

  • Page 99

    99 engl ish tutorial 9—drum maps in sonar drum maps allow you to assign a single midi track to multiple outputs. Midi drum tracks appear in the piano roll view’s drum grid pane. In the note map pane you can map pitches to notes in any number of software or hardware outputs. In this tutorial we are g...

  • Page 100

    100 : the blank drum track appears in the drum grid pane of the piano roll view. 2. In the piano roll view, click on the down arrow to the right of the pattern brush tool and select kick+snare patterns (r-t)-stacy 7. 3. Click the down arrow again and select use pattern polyphony. This option tells s...

  • Page 101

    101 engl ish the new port/channel pair cakewalk tts-1 1 / 10 appears in the port and channels field at the bottom of the drum map manager. 4. In the bank column for the port/channel pair cakewalk tts-1 1 / 1 select 15360-preset rhythm. 5. In the patch column for the port/channel pair cakewalk tts-1 ...

  • Page 102

    102.

  • Page 103: Controlling Playback

    English controlling playback when you play your sonar project, you have full control over the tempo or speed of playback, which tracks are played, which sound cards or other devices are used to produce the sound, and what the tracks sound like. Sonar’s multi-midi enhancements give you the ability to...

  • Page 104

    104 : the now time and how to use it every project has a current time, known as the now time, which keeps track of where you are in a project. The now time appears as a vertical line in the track view and is displayed in both the large transport toolbar and the position toolbar, in two formats: the ...

  • Page 105

    105 engl ish here are some examples of times expressed in this format (assuming that zero is the start time): sonar provides many ways to set the now time. Here are just a few: to change the now time • click the desired time on the time ruler in the track view, piano roll view, or staff view • in th...

  • Page 106

    106 : the large transport toolbar differs from the transport toolbar because it displays the now time (which you can set by entering numbers into the display fields in either mbt or smpte time) and the meter/ key signature display. The meter/key signature display shows the current meter, key signatu...

  • Page 107

    107 engl ish to change the now time marker behavior 1. Select options-global from the sonar menu. The global options dialog appears. 2. Click the general tab. 3. Uncheck the on stop, rewind to now marker option to have the now time marker move to follow the current now time when you stop playback. O...

  • Page 108

    108 : if your project has markers, you can use the marker toolbar to set the now time: for more information about markers, see “creating and using markers” on page 203. The time ruler the time ruler appears in the track view, tempo view, staff view and piano roll view. It has several functions, incl...

  • Page 109

    109 engl ish the m:b:t setting follows your settings in the meter/key view. If you project is set to 4/4 time, you have four beats in the time ruler for each measure. If your project is set to 6/8 time, you have six beats in the time ruler for each measure. To set the time ruler format to m:b:t 1. R...

  • Page 110

    110 : to start and stop playback note: the default behavior for the now time when you click the stop button is for it to return to the now time marker where playback began. If you want the now time to remain where it is when you stop playback, you can use the keyboard shortcut ctrl+spacebar. If you ...

  • Page 111

    111 engl ish looping is defined in the loop/auto shuttle toolbar, as shown here: to set up a loop, you do three things: • set the start time of the loop • set the end time of the loop • enable looping from then on, sonar will automatically jump back to the start of the loop when it reaches the end. ...

  • Page 112

    112 : • click between two markers in the track, staff, or piano roll view to select a range of times, then click in the loop/auto shuttle toolbar to copy the selection time to the loop time. • type the loop start and end times directly into the toolbar. • select a range of times, then right-click in...

  • Page 113

    113 engl ish while playback is in progress, you can mute and unmute tracks in any combination, which means you can hear only the tracks that you want. You can change the status of a track in the track view, the console view, the track menu, or the playback state toolbar. If a track is both muted and...

  • Page 114

    114 : to archive or unarchive tracks 1. Select one or more tracks in the track view. 2. Choose track-archive, or right-click and choose archive from the menu to toggle the archive status of the selected tracks. Soloing tracks sometimes you want to hear a single track, or a few tracks at once, withou...

  • Page 115

    115 engl ish note: you may lose important stereo data by using mono effects with stereo tracks because your stereo tracks are summed to mono in order to pass through the effect. If you never want your stereo data to be summed to mono, select stereo. To use a track’s stereo/mono button 1. Display the...

  • Page 116

    116 : here is a summary table of the different audio track parameters and how they are used. Parameter... What it means... Strip selector click this to add a track to a quick group, which means that certain controls in tracks that are in the quick group are grouped. Number a sequential track number ...

  • Page 117

    117 engl ish show layers button hides or shows track layers. Minimize/restore track button collapses track to minumum possible height, or restores it to the size it was before it was minimized. Maximize/restore track button expands track to maximum possible height, or restores it to the size it was ...

  • Page 118

    118 : midi track parameters the following pictures illustrate midi track parameters: a midi track midi track titlebar controls track number strip selector track name mute, solo and arm buttons input echo button prv mode button show layers button minimize track maximize track header icon midi track i...

  • Page 119

    119 engl ish here is a summary table of the different midi track parameters and how they are used: parameter... What it means... Strip selector click this to add a track to a quick group, which means that certain controls in tracks that are in the quick group are grouped. Track number a sequential t...

  • Page 120

    120 : to change a track name 1. Double-click on the current track name. 2. Enter the new track name. 3. Click enter. The default track names (track 1, track 2, etc.) are not actually names, but placeholders until you name a track. If you reorder the tracks these placeholders change. You can rearrang...

  • Page 121

    121 engl ish you can display subsets of the track pane’s interior controls (the titlebar controls are always displayed) by selecting one of the tabs located at the bottom of the track view. The following table lists the controls displayed when each tab is selected: hide or show a track open the trac...

  • Page 122

    122 : changing audio track settings in the track pane you can change the values in the track pane in a number of ways: changing midi track settings in the track pane you can change numeric values in midi tracks as shown in the following table: control how to change the setting volume, pan, volume tr...

  • Page 123

    123 engl ish for numeric fields, you can press and hold both mouse buttons to change the value by increments of 10 (12, a full octave, for key+). You can also edit track properties in the track properties dialog box. To open this dialog box, right-click on the track bar and select track properties. ...

  • Page 124

    124 : if your computer has several midi outs, choose the ones you want to use and put them in a particular order using the options-midi devices command. The order in which your midi devices appear in the output menus in the track and console views is based solely on the order in which the selected o...

  • Page 125

    125 engl ish assigning tracks to outputs you assign each track to a midi or an audio output using the output dropdown in the track view. From then on, material on that track will be sent to the appropriate output device. To assign a track to an output 1. Click the output dropdown of the track you wa...

  • Page 126

    126 : note that a single midi channel can only play one patch at a time on each instrument assigned to that channel. Therefore, if two or more midi tracks are set to the same output and channel but have different bank and patch settings, the patch of the highest-numbered track will be used for all t...

  • Page 127

    127 engl ish the patch browser dialog box appears, displaying a list of all the instrument patch names that have been installed. 2. Search for a patch name, if desired, by filling in text in the search field at the top of the dialog box. 3. When you find the right patch, click its name and click ok....

  • Page 128

    128 : hard left is 100% left. Hard right is 100% right. Pan is centered at c. You can also change the pan and volume settings in a variety of other ways, as described on page 122. To change the pan settings for more than one track at a time, select the tracks you want to change and choose track-prop...

  • Page 129

    129 engl ish on playback, the channel number is used to direct the midi information to a particular piece of equipment. The chn parameter in the track view redirects all events in the track to the specified channel, ignoring the channel number stored with each event. If this parameter is left blank,...

  • Page 130

    130 : as they are stored in the file. You can edit the velocity values in those views, or use the process-scale velocity or process-interpolate command. Velocity is different from volume in that it is an attribute of each event, rather than a controller that affects an entire midi channel. Here’s an...

  • Page 131

    131 engl ish to set these options, choose options-project and click the midi out tab. If you have set up a playback loop, enabling either of these options can cause an audible delay when the loop is restarted. Controlling live midi playback—midi echo when you play your midi keyboard or controller, t...

  • Page 132

    132 : dropdown menu, which has the manage presets choice that allows you to create and store your favorite combinations of midi input choices. To play one synth at a time from one or more midi keyboards • since this is sonar’s default behavior, simply use the up or down arrow keys on your computer k...

  • Page 133

    133 engl ish now, when you choose inputs for other tracks, you can choose the preset you saved by clicking the presets option in the track’s input dropdown menu. If you want to edit a preset, select it in the top window of the midi input presets dialog, edit it, and click the disk icon. If you want ...

  • Page 134

    134 : sonar’s play list view lets you create and work with a series of project, midi, and bundle files. As each file plays, sonar loads it and displays it in the track view and other views like any other project file. The play list view the play list view lets you create, edit, and save a play list ...

  • Page 135

    135 engl ish to play files from the play list view to play back files from the play list view, follow the instructions in the table. Video playback, import, and export video files play in the video view in real time as your project plays. You can also view your video on an external dv device connect...

  • Page 136

    136 : sonar producer also has a video thumbnails pane at the top of the track view, which shows individual frames of your video at different places in your project (see below for more information). You open the video view by using the view-video command. The video view displays the now time (as in t...

  • Page 137

    137 engl ish to enable or disable video playback 1. Open the video view by choosing view-video. 2. Right-click in the video view and choose animate. If your computer is not fast enough to play back video efficiently, you can get better performance by temporarily disabling video animation during play...

  • Page 138

    138 : to set the video display format right-click in the video view and choose an option from the stretch options menu: sonar adjusts the video display according to the selected option. The stretch option is used to recalculate the video display size whenever you resize the video view. To set the ba...

  • Page 139

    139 engl ish to export a video 1. Make sure your audio tracks are completely mixed, and your video start time, trim-in time, and trim-out time are set the way you want them. 2. Use the file-export video command. The export video dialog appears. 3. In the file name field, type a name for your new vid...

  • Page 140

    140 : here are the various commands and functions of the video thumbnails pane: • you can show or hide the pane. • you can show or hide the video thumbnails. • you can display absolute frame numbers. • you can resize the thumbnails while preserving the aspect ratio by dragging the splitter bar. • th...

  • Page 141

    141 engl ish to hide or show frame numbers on frames • in the video track strip, click the show/hide frame numbers button . To open the video properties dialog • double-click the video track strip. To open the video view • double-click the video thumbnails pane. To move the now time to a thumbnail •...

  • Page 142

    142 : 4. Click the encoding options button to open the avi encoder options dialog, and choosedv video encoder in the video codec field. Click ok. 5. Click the audio mixdown options button to open a dialog of audio mixdown options. Choose the audio options you want, but remember that if you plan to s...

  • Page 143

    143 engl ish 7. Close the property page, and click the save button in the export video dialog to start exporting. If you’re printing to a device that uses tape, the tape stops rolling when the export process is finished. Synchronizing external video playback to audio because there is more latency in...

  • Page 144

    144 : restoring missing audio files when you open a project file that references audio files which sonar can not find, the locate missing audio dialog appears. Use the following procedure to restore the missing audio files to your project. To restore missing audio files 1. In the locate missing audi...

  • Page 145: Recording

    English recording you can add sound or music to a sonar™ project in many different ways. You can record your own material using a midi-equipped instrument, use a microphone or another audio input to record digital audio information, or import sound or music data from an existing digital data file. W...

  • Page 146

    146 : creating a new project you can add music and sound to an existing project or to a new project. Just as in any windows program, you open an existing project file using the file-open command, and create a new project file using the file-new command. When you create a new sonar project, there are...

  • Page 147

    147 engl ish to create a new project file 1. Choose file-new to display the new project file dialog box. 2. If you have the per-project audio folders option enabled, enter a file name, set the folder where you want to store the new file, and set the folder where you want to store the new file’s audi...

  • Page 148

    148 : • 3/4 (three beats per measure, each quarter note gets a beat) • 6/8 (six beats per measure, each eighth note gets a beat) the top number of a meter, the number of beats per measure, can be from 1 through 99. The bottom number of a meter is the value of each beat. You can pick from a list of v...

  • Page 149

    149 engl ish you can customize the metronome sound to use audio or any note on a midi instrument. By default, sonar uses a hi-hat cymbal sound from a general midi drum kit for the midi metronome, but you can change this setting to anything you like by changing the midi output, midi channel, and dura...

  • Page 150

    150 : 8. Press w, or click to rewind to the beginning of the piece. Your tempo and metronome settings are now ready. When you save the project file, the metronome and tempo settings will be saved as well. To change your metronome settings 1. Open the metronome settings dialog box in one of the follo...

  • Page 151

    151 engl ish sonar lets you choose from several different sampling rates: 11025 hz, 22050 hz, 44100 hz, 48000 hz, 88200 hz, 96000 hz, 176400hz, and 192000 hz. The default used by sonar is 44100 hz, the same rate as audio cds. However, you may choose a higher rate and later mixdown to 44100. You can ...

  • Page 152

    152 : to set the sampling rate and audio driver bit depth for new projects 1. Choose options-audio to display the audio options dialog box. 2. On the general tab of the dialog, select a value in the sampling rate dropdown menu, and a value from the audio driver bit depth dropdown menu. 3. Click ok. ...

  • Page 153

    153 engl ish recording modes any material you record is stored in a new clip. If you record into several tracks at once, one clip is created in each track. If you record into a track that already contains clips, you can choose one of three recording modes to determine what happens to those clips. Wh...

  • Page 154

    154 : • all inputs-(midi omni or midi ch 1-16)—with this setting the track will record any midi input coming in on any enabled port (midi interface input driver) on any channel, unless you choose a particular midi channel instead of midi omni. Then the track will only record input that’s on the midi...

  • Page 155

    155 engl ish to choose a midi input in the console view 1. At the top of a midi track module, click the input button. A popup menu of midi channels appears. 2. Choose an input from the following: • none—this option actually sets the input field to omni: with this setting the track will record any mi...

  • Page 156

    156 : auto arming you must arm tracks in order to record. To safeguard your data, there is no automatic arming of any tracks. If you want to record midi tracks without arming a track, choose options-global, and select the general tab. Click the allow midi recording without an armed track checkbox. T...

  • Page 157

    157 engl ish when the audio level exceeds 0db, some of the audio information is lost. This is known as overload. Many sound cards use clipping to deal with an overloaded signal, but clipping can distort the audio signal. As a result, you should avoid letting the meter level exceed 0db. To check the ...

  • Page 158

    158 : when you record audio, sonar stores each audio clip in a separate file. These files have the same format as a wave (. Wav ) file, but they have special names and are stored in a separate directory on your hard disk. Sonar automatically manages these audio files for you, making it easier for yo...

  • Page 159

    159 engl ish if you do not see a new clip in the clips pane, you may have a problem with audio input. See appendix a: troubleshooting for more information. Important: make sure you have enough space on your hard disk when recording digital audio. Running out of hard disk space when recording can lea...

  • Page 160

    160 : monitoring on or off on all audio tracks with one click. • audio engine button —clicking this button so that it’s in its up position turns all audio activity in sonar off, which includes input monitoring. Note: when you use input monitoring, make sure that the track you’re playing through uses...

  • Page 161

    161 engl ish with this information in hand, let's follow a simple audio signal through the system to understand how echoes get introduced into the input monitor path. Suppose you are counting "1, 2, 3" into your sound card very quickly. When you say the first "1," this sound immediately appears in a...

  • Page 162

    162 : finally, you say "3." by this time the original "1" has been converted back to analog audio by the dac, and that analog signal is mixed in with the "3" you have just said. The ultimate result is that you hear a "1" and "3" mixed together at the line output of card—seemingly sounding like an ec...

  • Page 163

    163 engl ish you may experience slightly better playback and recording performance by turning the audio engine button off before you press the play or record buttons. This happens if your computer’s resources are already stretched to the limit. When you start recording or playback with the audio eng...

  • Page 164

    164 : 3. Choose transport-record options, or click on the record toolbar, to display the record options dialog box. 4. Choose to stack all takes in a single track or to store them in separate tracks. 5. If you choose to stack all takes in a single track, choose either sound on sound or overwrite mod...

  • Page 165

    165 engl ish the record toolbar shows the punch settings, as shown here: when punch recording is enabled, the punch times are indicated by special markers in the time ruler, which is at the top of the clips pane: after you punch record, choosing edit-undo both discards any new material you recorded ...

  • Page 166

    166 : 6. Click , or press r, or choose transport-record. If your metronome count-in is turned on, it will play the count-in measures or beats. 7. Play or perform the material you want to record. 8. Click , or press the spacebar, or choose transport-stop to stop recording. The material you play durin...

  • Page 167

    167 engl ish • change tracks while recording • add step sizes together by ctrl-clicking additional step sizes, or by pressing the + key between each step size selection • delete as many step-recorded notes as you want, while moving the insertion point back through the steps you delete • configure st...

  • Page 168

    168 : here’s a picture of advanced mode: to use basic step recording 1. Open the step record dialog by using the transport-step record command, or by clicking in the record toolbar to display the step record dialog box, or press shift+f4. 2. Make sure that the basic mode of the step record dialog is...

  • Page 169

    169 engl ish 3. Set the insertion point by doing one or more of the following: • click the step advance button to move the insertion point forward by the current step size, or click the step backwards button to move the insertion point backward by the current step size. Sonar displays the insertion ...

  • Page 170

    170 : you can press ctrl+z during or after recording to undo your recording one step at a time. Note: options that you choose in advanced mode, such as link to now time, are still in force when you use basic mode. To use advanced step recording the procedure for advanced step recording is the same a...

  • Page 171

    171 engl ish disable step recording at will without closing the step record window: just click the activate step recording button in the step record dialog, or press shift+r. Step record keyboard shortcuts the default keyboard shortcuts for step recording are on the num pad, so that you can keep one...

  • Page 172

    172 : step pattern recording the pattern option lets you define a repeating rhythmic pattern of notes and rests so that you can use step recording more efficiently. For example, suppose your project is in 4/4 time, and one track has a pattern that is two measures long: quarter notes in the first mea...

  • Page 173

    173 engl ish recording specific ports and channels most midi instruments are capable of sending information on several different channels at once. By default, sonar merges all incoming midi data and records it on whatever midi tracks are armed. However, sonar also allows you to control which midi in...

  • Page 174

    174 : • manage presets—if you want to create or edit any preset collections of input ports and channels, you can select this option (see following procedure). 5. Click ok. Sonar shows new track inputs in the input fields in the track pane. To create or edit a preset input configuration 1. In the inp...

  • Page 175

    175 engl ish from now on, sonar records only the types of events you have chosen. Importing music and sound while recording is perhaps the most common way of adding material to a sonar project, there are several other methods you can also use. Sonar lets you import music into a project from several ...

  • Page 176

    176 : to import a broadcast wave file: 1. If you want sonar to import broadcast wave files always at their timestamped location, select options-global, click the audio data tab and check the always import broadcast waves at their timestamp option. Otherwise, set the now time and current track to ind...

  • Page 177

    177 engl ish such as pro tools, avid and logic systems. Sonar also exports projects as omf files that you can open in pro tools and other audio software. Sonar now allows you to select sample rate and bit depth during omf import. A few general guidelines for preparing omf files for import into sonar...

  • Page 178

    178 : 4. If you know the exact tempo of the file, enter it into the initial tempo field. It is always preferable to know and enter the project tempo at this point. If you don't know the project tempo you can open the file at the default tempo and then change the file's tempo later, but this will cau...

  • Page 179

    179 engl ish sonar also lets you save files in several other formats, as described in the table: if you have made changes to a project and then attempt to close the project, either by closing the track view or by choosing file-close, sonar asks if you want to save the changes you have made. This pre...

  • Page 180

    180 : labeling your projects sonar lets you attach subtitles, composer credits, copyright, and other information to your projects, as shown in the following table: this information is shown in the file info dialog box, which is displayed using the file-info command. If the file info window is open w...

  • Page 181

    181 engl ish to display and edit project information 1. Choose file-info to display the file info window. 2. Edit the information as desired. 3. If you want the file info window to display automatically, save the file. 4. Click stats to see statistics about the contents of the file. 5. Choose file-p...

  • Page 182

    182 :.

  • Page 183: Arranging

    English arranging the track view makes it easy to arrange and mix your projects from a single view. From one location, you can select, copy, move, mix, and rearrange the parts of your project, using menu commands or drag-and-drop tools. You can add real-time audio and midi effects from the effects b...

  • Page 184

    184 : arranging tracks sonar provides a variety of commands that let you work with the tracks in your project. Here are some of the things you can do: all the commands you use to arrange tracks work on selected tracks. The current track (the one with the gold titlebar) is always selected. You can se...

  • Page 185

    185 engl ish • use the track-sort command to rearrange the tracks in order based on the track name, status, or other setting. To drag a track to a new position 1. Position the mouse just to the right of the track number, over the track icon of the track you want to move. The cursor changes to an up/...

  • Page 186

    186 : 3. Choose the order in which to sort from the order list. 4. Click ok. Sonar sorts the tracks according to the settings you chose. Inserting tracks you can insert new tracks by a variety of methods. When you insert multiple tracks, you can set track output properties at the same time. If you w...

  • Page 187

    187 engl ish • pick a main audio output for the tracks in the main destination field. • if you want the main output that you chose to be the default output for new audio tracks, enable the set as default bus checkbox. You can also choose the default bus by right-clicking a bus, and choosing set as d...

  • Page 188

    188 : to lock or unlock the height of a track 1. Right-click an empty area in one of the desired track’s controls to display the track pane context menu. 2. Choose lock height from the menu. When a track is locked, the maximize strip button in the track appears filled-in: when you lock the height of...

  • Page 189

    189 engl ish track properties as they are. If you delete or wipe a track by mistake, you can use edit-undo to restore the deleted material. When you delete or wipe a track, the track information is not placed on the sonar clipboard. To remove material from a track and place it on the clipboard, use ...

  • Page 190

    190 : this inserts tracks that are exactly like the template. If you don’t want to use all of the track characteristics that are in the template, you can filter the characteristics that you don’t want by selecting import filter from the popup menu. This opens the track template import options dialog...

  • Page 191

    191 engl ish 2. Save the image as a .Bmp file in the track icons directory in your sonar program folder. Arranging clips the track view provides many ways for you to rearrange, copy, and paste clips to arrange your music the way you want. The easiest is to select the clips or portions of clips you w...

  • Page 192

    192 : little harder. As a result, if your computer has an older, slower cpu you may want to turn off the display of clip contents.: the track view toolbar contains the zoom tool: to zoom horizontally • click the horizontal zoom buttons to zoom in or out by a fixed percentage each time you click. Or ...

  • Page 193

    193 engl ish to display clip names and contents 1. Right-click in the clips pane, and choose view options from the menu. 2. Check the display clip names option to show clip names, or leave it unchecked to hide them. 3. Check the display clip contents option to show clip contents, or leave it uncheck...

  • Page 194

    194 : 4. Click ok. Sonar changes the color of the selected clips. Using the navigator view the navigator view displays a large part of your project so you can see an overview of your song. The navigator view is a floating version of the navigator pane found at the top of the track view. Track rectan...

  • Page 195

    195 engl ish moving and copying clips you can copy or move clips using drag-and-drop editing or the cut, copy, and paste commands. If you copy or move clips into tracks that contain existing material, you need to let sonar know how to combine the two. You have these options: when you use the edit-pa...

  • Page 196

    196 : note that if you copy or move clips to new, empty tracks, you don’t have to worry about these settings. In this case, the track properties that go with the clips are automatically applied to the new track. When you use drag-and-drop editing: • you can set the above options every time you perfo...

  • Page 197

    197 engl ish sonar moves the clips to their new location. To move clips using cut and paste 1. Select the clips you want to move. 2. Choose edit-cut to display the cut dialog box. 3. Choose the options you want and click ok. Sonar cuts the clips from the project and places them on the windows clipbo...

  • Page 198

    198 : 2. Right-click on the selected clip and choose clip properties. Sonar opens the clip properties dialog box. 3. Enter a new start time, or use the spinners or keyboard to change the start time. 4. Click ok when you are done. Sonar moves the clip to the start time you chose. To copy clips using ...

  • Page 199

    199 engl ish nudge settings the nudge tab in the global options dialog allows you to set the three nudge settings. To nudge a clip left or right use the following procedure to nudge a clip. 1. Select the clip you want to nudge. 2. Select process-nudge left(1-3) from the menu to move the clip left or...

  • Page 200

    200 : to nudge a clip using keyboard shortcuts 1. Select the clip you want to nudge. 2. If necessary, turn on num lock (press the num lock key on your keyboard). 3. Press the appropriate num key. • left 1—numpad 1 • right 1—numpad 3 • left 2—numpad 4 • right 2—numpad 6 • left 3—numpad 7 • right 3—nu...

  • Page 201

    201 engl ish • choose edit-select-by time, enter the start and end time, and click ok. 2. Select one or more tracks by clicking, shift-clicking, or ctrl-clicking on the track numbers in the track view. 3. To adjust the start and end time of the selection, hold the shift key while clicking on the tim...

  • Page 202

    202 : an interval, such as a whole note, half note, or quarter note; a marker; an event; the start or end of a clip; or a user-defined number of frames, seconds or samples. From then on, when you move or copy clips or markers, items will be snapped to the nearest point on the snap grid. The musical ...

  • Page 203

    203 engl ish 4. If you selected musical time or absolute time, select move to to align selections and clips to the grid, or move by to move clips by the grid interval. 5. Click ok. All time selections and drag-and-drop editing operations use the new snap grid interval. Snap offsets snap offsets allo...

  • Page 204

    204 : a marker, the marker will be snapped to the beginning of the nearest measure. You are allowed to have any number of markers at a single time point. To display the markers view, choose view-markers or click on the views toolbar. From the markers view, you can use the file-print and file-print p...

  • Page 205

    205 engl ish to add a marker on the fly • click in the markers toolbar, or press f11. Sonar adds a marker at the now time and displays it in the time ruler, the markers view, and the markers toolbar. To edit a marker 1. Either right-click on the marker in the time ruler, or choose a marker in the ma...

  • Page 206

    206 : • press f5 twice to display a list of markers, choose the marker you want, and click ok. • click on a marker in the markers view to set the now time to that marker. • click or in the markers toolbar to jump to the next or previous marker. • choose go-next marker or go-previous marker to jump t...

  • Page 207

    207 engl ish command.You can easily unlink linked clips, and then edit them individually. You have two options when unlinking linked clips: once you have unlinked linked clips, you cannot re-link them except by using edit-undo. If you attempt to copy only a portion of a linked clip, the copy will no...

  • Page 208

    208 : • link to original clip(s)—if you choose this option, the new copies and the original clip are linked together. Edits you make to any of the linked clips, including the original, affect all other linked clips in the group. 8. Choose the other options you want and click ok. Sonar creates copies...

  • Page 209

    209 engl ish the split command lets you split clips four different ways: while the split command works for both midi and audio clips, for audio clips, the split command provides sample accurate editing and snap-to-zero capability. Note that the edit-undo and edit-redo commands work with all three of...

  • Page 210

    210 : 2. Right-click on of the clips and select bounce to clip(s) from the popup menu. Sonar combines the selected clips into a single, new clip. Take management and comping takes by default, sonar stacks any overlapping clips on top of each other, but you can choose to display them in separate laye...

  • Page 211

    211 engl ish after the option is enabled, you can move clips on top of each other without creating new layers. To move overlapping clips back into separate layers, use the rebuild command (see below). Note 1: if you want to move a clip to the exact same time placement in an adjacent layer, hold the ...

  • Page 212

    212 : remove empty layers command. To add an empty layer to a track • right-click the track scale at the position where you want the new layer, and choose insert layer from the popup menu. To delete a layer from a track • right-click the track scale at the position where you want to delete a layer, ...

  • Page 213

    213 engl ish • alternate style—use the mute tool to mute or unmute entire clips by clicking clips instead of dragging through time regions. A clip that is completely muted displays the mute icon in its upper left corner. You can choose this behavior by choosing mute entire clips under click+drag beh...

  • Page 214

    214 : note: if the clip you’re muting or unmuting with this method already has one or more muted time ranges, these time ranges remain muted while you alt-click the clip, so you don’t lose any precise mute edits you’ve performed. To completely unmute the clip in the picture below, first alt-click th...

  • Page 215

    215 engl ish 2. Using the mute tool, alt-click inside the upper half of a clip in the muted area. You can mute or unmute a clip without using the mute tool if you want. Pressing q on your keyboard toggles the mute status of all selected clips. Any muted time ranges remain muted. Audition (selection ...

  • Page 216

    216 : track folders a track folder contains tracks in the track pane of the track view. Track folders make larger projects much easier to manage—you can group different types of tracks in their own folder: vocals, soft synths, rewire instruments, drums, etc. The main characteristics of a track folde...

  • Page 217

    217 engl ish or • right-click a track that’s not in a track folder and select move to folder-track folder “n” from the popup menu. Or • select the tracks you want to add to the folder, right-click on the folder and select add track(s) to folder from the menu that appears. The added track appears in ...

  • Page 218

    218 : description in the description field of the folder properties dialog, and click ok. To select all clips in a time range • hold down the alt key while dragging a selection on the composite clip. Now you can edit, move, cut and paste all the selected clips by editing the selected part of the com...

  • Page 219

    219 engl ish any other type of change you can imagine. The tempo changes you add to your project become part of the project and are saved with the project file. You can add tempo changes to your project in the following ways: • using the tempo toolbar • using the insert-tempo change and insert-serie...

  • Page 220

    220 : note: tempo ratios can only be used in projects that contain no audio tracks and cannot be used when using any form of synchronization. For more information, see chapter 18, synchronizing your gear. To change the current tempo in the tempo toolbar 1. Enable groove clip looping on any audio cli...

  • Page 221

    221 engl ish 2. Click in the toolbar or choose insert-tempo change to display the tempo dialog box. 3. Check the insert a new tempo box. 4. Enter a new tempo in one of the following ways: • type a value in the tempo field. • click the arrows to change the value. • tap a new tempo in the space indica...

  • Page 222

    222 : clips which you want to follow tempo changes can also be converted to groove clips in the loop construction view. To modify the most recent tempo change 1. Enable groove clip looping on any audio clips that you want to follow the tempo changes. Do this by selecting one or more clips, right-cli...

  • Page 223

    223 engl ish the graph has several tools you can use to add or modify tempo changes: if you make a mistake using any of these tools, you can use edit-undo to correct the error. When you use the draw tool, the speed with which you drag the mouse determines the density of tempo events. To insert a lar...

  • Page 224

    224 : 2. Select the tool. 3. Drag a line in the graph from the starting time and tempo to the ending time and tempo. Sonar introduces a linear series of tempo changes. To draw a series of tempo changes in the tempo view 1. Enable groove clip looping on any audio clips that you want to follow the tem...

  • Page 225

    225 engl ish looping enabled has beveled edges instead of sharp corners. The same command disables groove clip looping on any selected clip that has groove clip looping enabled. 2. Click the tempo list button to display or hide the tempo list. 3. In the tempo list, select the tempo change to be edit...

  • Page 226

    226 : the edit-history command displays a complete history of the commands and actions you can undo for the current project. The undo history dialog box looks like this: the history command is grayed out until you make a change to the current project that can be undone. The history list is updated e...

  • Page 227: Using Loops

    English using loops loops are short digital audio clips which are often designed to be repeated over and over or “looped,” although some loops, called one-shots, are intended to play just once. Groove clips, often used as loops, are digital audio clips that “know” their tempo and pitch information. ...

  • Page 228

    228 : the loop construction view the loop construction view is where you create and edit groove clips. The loop construction view toolbar has tools for editing slicing markers and controls for previewing loops. Loop construction controls the following is a list of the tools and controls in the loop ...

  • Page 229

    229 engl ish also insert markers in the time ruler which change the project pitch. These markers, called pitch markers affect only groove clips with follow project pitch enabled. Root note the root note represents the key in which the loop was originally recorded. The follow project pitch feature us...

  • Page 230

    230 : preview loops plays the current loop repeatedly. Use the stop preview control to stop playback. Enable slice auto-preview plays a slice when you click on it. Click auto-preview loop repeatedly plays a selected slice. Preview bus select the main out through which you want to listen to the clip....

  • Page 231

    231 engl ish move an automatic marker, it turns purple to show you that it has been edited. For information on editing slicing markers, see “to edit the slicing markers in a groove clip” on page 237. Audio scaling audio scaling is the increase or decrease in the size (scale) of the waveform in clip....

  • Page 232

    232 : the loop explorer view toolbar has the following controls: folders pane the folders pane shows all of the available files and folders in the selected drive. Contents list pane the contents list pane displays the folders and files contained in the active folder. To preview a groove clip 1. Clic...

  • Page 233

    233 engl ish when you preview a groove clip in the loop explorer view, the clip plays in the project key and at the project tempo. To drag a loop into a project 1. Click and drag the wave file from the loop explorer view to the track view. 2. Drop the wave file in the track and at the time in which ...

  • Page 234

    234 : working with groove clips groove clips are . Wav files that behave similarly to sonic foundry’s acidized loops (sonar also has midi groove clips—see “midi groove clips” on page 239). Groove clips contain information about the audio content, including the original tempo, original reference pitc...

  • Page 235

    235 engl ish using groove clips groove clips are easy to use because they automatically adjust to your project’s pitch markers and tempo. You can import existing loops or create your own, using the loop construction view. To import a groove clip into your project 1. Select a track in the track view....

  • Page 236

    236 : • reference note—the original key of the recorded clip. Sonar uses the reference note when it transposes groove clips to match your project’s pitch. These attributes can be edited in the loop construction view. To set the number of beats in a groove clip when you open a clip in the loop constr...

  • Page 237

    237 engl ish to transpose a groove clip to match your project’s pitch follow this procedure to force the groove clip to follow the project’s default pitch. 1. Double-click the clip you want to transpose to the project’s pitch. The clip appears in the loop construction view. 2. Click the follow proje...

  • Page 238

    238 : to preview a groove clip slice 1. Double-click on a clip to open the loop construction view. 2. Click the enable slice auto-preview button. 3. Click a slice to hear it. To adjust a groove clip slice gain 1. In the loop construction view, select the slice on which you want to adjust the gain. 2...

  • Page 239

    239 engl ish there are no pitch markers, all groove clips play at the default project pitch, unless the follow project pitch parameter is disabled. To enable a clip’s follow project pitch option 1. Right-click the clip and choose clip properties from the popup menu. The clip properties dialog appear...

  • Page 240

    240 : determines what beat boundaries (if any) you can roll to. • you can edit individual repetitions without altering any other copies (unlike audio groove clips). Note: if you then roll the edge of your midi groove clip back over the area you edited, you will lose your edits. • all new repetitions...

  • Page 241

    241 engl ish to transpose a midi groove clip with pitch markers use the same method you use for audio groove clips: see “using pitch markers in the track view” on page 238. Exporting, and importing midi groove clips you can not export midi groove clips by saving your project as a standard midi file—...

  • Page 242

    242 : to import midi groove clips with the file command 1. Move the now time to the place where you want to import the clip. 2. Highlight the track you want to import the clip into. 3. Use the file-import-midi command. The import midi dialog appears, 4. Navigate to a folder where you store midi groo...

  • Page 243: Editing Midi Events and

    English editing midi events and controllers sonar lets you edit the events in your projects in dozens of different ways. The piano roll view lets you add and edit notes, controllers, and automation data interactively, using a graphic display. Sonar’s many editing commands can improve the quality of ...

  • Page 244

    244 : event inspector toolbar the event inspector toolbar is available from the view menu by selecting view-toolbars and checking event inspector in the toolbars dialog. The event inspector has the following: • time • pitch • velocity • duration • channel to display a note’s properties in the event ...

  • Page 245

    245 engl ish the piano roll view consists of the note map pane, the drum grid pane, the notes pane, the controller pane, the piano roll view toolbar, and the track list pane. Note map pane this pane displays your drum map settings. You can mute or solo individual pitches, and preview individual pitc...

  • Page 246

    246 : controller pane this pane displays controller events, which you can edit. You can show or hide this pane by clicking the use controller pane button that is in the piano roll view toolbar, or by pressing c. When the controller pane is hidden, all controller events appear in the notes pane. Trac...

  • Page 247

    247 engl ish the piano roll view, click the show/hide track list pane button . The following shows three tracks in the track list pane: to make a track the current track in the track list pane, click on the track. When a thin dotted line surrounds the track, it is the current track. Tip: clicking a ...

  • Page 248

    248 : note names you can change the instrument definition for the active track in the piano roll view. Right-click the piano keys in the notes pane to open the note names dialog where you can use note names that are defined as part of any instrument definition. For more information about instrument ...

  • Page 249

    249 engl ish • to show all controllers in all displayed tracks, click add all existing value types. 4. After you choose an option, the menu closes. You can repeat steps 2 and 3 to choose more options. 5. To hide or show all controllers in all tracks, click the left side of the edit midi event type b...

  • Page 250

    250 : 2. Select notes as shown in the table: selected notes are highlighted (50% gray mask). To select all notes of certain pitches (piano roll view only) click the piano keys on the left side of the notes pane or the drum map rows in the note map pane as shown in the table: to select all notes of c...

  • Page 251

    251 engl ish tooltips give you a constant readout of the cursor position, how much you’ve edited the selection, and how many notes you’re editing. In the picture below, the tooltip lists the current location of the cursor, how far the selection has moved from its original location (1252 ticks to the...

  • Page 252

    252 : to draw notes 1. In the edit midi event type menu in the piano roll view, or the inline piano roll view (depending on which view you’re working in), select notes/velocity. 2. Enable the draw tool in the piano roll toolbar, or the inline piano roll toolbar. 3. Choose a duration for the note by ...

  • Page 253

    253 engl ish to edit notes with the select tool 1. If you want to edit multiple notes at the same time, select them with the select tool. Editing any of the notes in the selection edits all the selected notes in the same way. 2. Set the snap to grid to the desired value (if you’re editing in the inl...

  • Page 254

    254 : adding and editing controllers in the piano roll view controller events (midi continuous controllers, pitch wheel, nrpn’s, and rpn’s) appear in either the notes pane or the controller pane, depending on whether you choose to display the controller pane or not. Each controller event has an edit...

  • Page 255

    255 engl ish • value—this field is greyed-out if you choose wheel or chanaft in the type field. If you choose control, rpn, or nrpn in the type field, choose which control, rpn, or nrpn you want to add. For example, to edit volume, choose 7-volume in this field if you chose control in the type field...

  • Page 256

    256 : to select controller events of the same type 1. Click the edit midi event type menu , choose the type of event you want to select from the popup menu. 2. Activate the select tool in the piano roll toolbar or the inline piano roll toolbar (depending on which view you’re working in), and select ...

  • Page 257

    257 engl ish the inline piano roll view the inline piano roll view lets you edit note and continuous controller events for a single track directly in the track view. Clicking the prv mode button in a track changes the clips pane for that track into a single-track piano roll view which displays all t...

  • Page 258

    258 : to draw and edit notes and controllers in the inline piano roll view, see “adding and editing notes in the piano roll view” on page 249 and “adding and editing controllers in the piano roll view” on page 254 displaying the inline piano roll view use the following methods to hide or show the in...

  • Page 259

    259 engl ish to zoom vertically with the midi scale 1. Put the midi scale into notes mode by right-clicking the midi scale and choosing notes from the popup menu. 2. Hold the mouse over the midi scale so that the cursor changes to a small vertical keyboard, and drag upward to zoom in. The inline pia...

  • Page 260

    260 : click the fit content button on the inline piano roll toolbar. To display the inline piano roll toolbar, use the view-toolbars command to open the toolbars dialog, and check the inline piano roll checkbox. To change the midi scale’s display mode • right-click the midi scale to display the popu...

  • Page 261

    261 engl ish selecting and editing events sonar has many editing commands that you can use to modify the events that make up your project. Here are some of the things you can do: • transpose events, clips, tracks, or an entire project to a different key • shift events to an earlier or later time • s...

  • Page 262

    262 : to transpose selected events 1. Select the tracks, clips, or events you want to transpose. 2. Choose process-transpose to display the transpose dialog box. 3. Use the spinners or enter the number of semi-tones to transpose. Or use the + and - keys on your keypad to go up or down by one or [ an...

  • Page 263

    263 engl ish shifting events in time the track view lets you move entire clips forward or backward in time by using drag and drop editing or by changing the start time of selected clips. The process-slide command is slightly more flexible— you can use it to shift individual events and markers (or se...

  • Page 264

    264 : sonar inserts a blank measure at the now time. To insert blank time or measures into a project 1. Select edit-select-none to make sure that no track or time range is selected. 2. Select the range of time you want to insert by dragging in the time ruler. 3. Choose insert-time/measures to displa...

  • Page 265

    265 engl ish the delete dialog box appears. 5. Click the following checkboxes: • events in tracks • delete hole—if you want the data that comes after the hole to retain its same placement in a measure, check the shift by whole measures option. 6. Click any of the other options you want to delete. 7....

  • Page 266

    266 : to stretch or shrink using percentages 1. Select the events you want to change. 2. Choose process-length to display the length dialog box. 3. Choose to change the start times and/or durations of selected notes by checking the boxes. 4. If you want to stretch selected audio clips, check the str...

  • Page 267

    267 engl ish 4. Choose one of the following: • tempo map–choose this option if you want the tempo to change but not the duration of notes and events. For example, if your clip contains quarter notes, and you want those notes to stay quarter notes even though the elapsed time of the clip changes, cho...

  • Page 268

    268 : you can also edit note velocities in the notes pane of the piano roll view, which lets you draw shapes other than straight line changes. For more information, see “adding and editing notes in the piano roll view” on page 249. To scale velocities 1. Select the events whose velocity data you wan...

  • Page 269

    269 engl ish if you insert a new midi event which does not fall within the boundary of a slip-edited clip, a new midi clip, which contains the new midi events, is created. To slip-edit a midi clip 1. Make edits according to the following table: the hidden information in the slip-edited clips remains...

  • Page 270

    270 : to permanently delete slip-edited midi data 1. Select the clips that contain the slip-edited data you want to delete. 2. Select the edit-apply trimming command. Sonar permanently deletes the slip-edited data from the clips you selected. Slip-editing multiple midi clips you can slip-edit multip...

  • Page 271

    271 engl ish sonar has two different quantize commands: these commands have quite a few settings, making them very flexible and powerful. In addition, both of these commands lets you create, save, and re-use presets. This means that once you find the settings you like, you can save them and then app...

  • Page 272

    272 : offset normally, the resolution grid is aligned evenly with the start of measures and beats. As an option, you can shift the grid earlier or later by any desired number of clock ticks. If the resolution is a quarter note and you’ve set the offset to +3 ticks, then a note that is originally nea...

  • Page 273

    273 engl ish swing many projects do not have notes positioned on a perfectly even time grid. For example, projects with a swing feel, though they may be written entirely in eighth notes, are often played more like eighth-note triplets, with the first note extended and the second one shortened. The s...

  • Page 274

    274 : when you use groove quantize, you can also perform adjustments on out-of-window events. There are four options: other settings if you want, you can restrict the types of events that are affected by the quantize commands to only notes, lyrics, and audio clips. If you choose this option, sonar w...

  • Page 275

    275 engl ish 3. Choose one of your own presets from the list, or enter the settings you want according to the table: 4. Click audition if you want to hear how the quantization will sound; press stop to stop auditioning the change. 5. Make adjustments as necessary. 6. Click ok when you are done. Sona...

  • Page 276

    276 : 6. Click audition if you want to hear how the quantization will sound; press stop to stop auditioning the change. 7. Make adjustments as necessary. 8. Optionally, type a name in the preset field (located at the top of the dialog box) and click the save button to save your settings. 9. Click ok...

  • Page 277

    277 engl ish to define a new groove 1. Select the music that defines the groove using any of the selection tools and commands. 2. Choose edit-copy to place the music onto the windows clipboard. You can now use the groove quantize command with the clipboard as the “groove file.” to save a groove patt...

  • Page 278

    278 : to delete a groove 1. Choose process-groove quantize to display the groove quantize dialog box. 2. Click the define button to display the define groove dialog box. 3. Select the file containing the groove to delete. 4. Select the pattern name of the groove. 5. Click the delete button, and conf...

  • Page 279

    279 engl ish the process-fit improvisation command lets you take a recording and create a tempo map (with measure and beat boundaries) that fits what you played. Your performance is not changed in any way, even though the note start times and durations are adjusted to fit the new tempo map. This is ...

  • Page 280

    280 : you can create custom scales, modify existing ones, and choose how sonar handles non-scale notes. To enable or disable snap to scale for a single track • in the track view, in the track that you want to affect, click the scale snap button. Or • in the piano roll view, in the track list pane, r...

  • Page 281

    281 engl ish to create a scale 1. Open the scale manager dialog by clicking the dropdown arrow in the scale menu, and choosing scale manager from the menu that appears (you can also use the track-snap to scale-scales- scale manager command, or the right-click menu in the piano roll view’s track list...

  • Page 282

    282 : 5. When you’re through choosing scale degrees, click the close button to save your changes. To restore a scale or scales to factory settings 1. Open the scale manager dialog. 2. If you want to restore a particular scale to factory settings, select it in the scale: field, click the defaults but...

  • Page 283

    283 engl ish these capabilities can help you find problem spots or errors in a project or make systematic changes to events that have particular attributes. All of these capabilities rely on the use of an event filter, which lets you choose the types of events you want to work with and the range of ...

  • Page 284

    284 : different types of events have different parameters, as shown in the table: the event filter only accepts events that meet all the specified ranges. This means that a note event must fall within the pitch range, the velocity range, and the duration range in order to be included. The event filt...

  • Page 285

    285 engl ish searching for an event the go-search command is used to find the next event (searching forward from the now time) that meets the criteria you lay out in an event filter. Once you have found the first such event, you can find the next event that meets the criteria using the go-search aga...

  • Page 286

    286 : 2. Choose edit-select-by filter to display the event filter dialog box. 3. Click the none button to clear the dialog box. 4. Check the note checkbox, and enter a minimum value of c4. The maximum should already be set to c9. 5. Click ok. Sonar selects all the notes from c4 up. 6. Choose edit-cu...

  • Page 287

    287 engl ish controllers, rpns, nrpns, and automation data sonar projects contain a lot more information than the notes and digital audio files that are at the heart of your work. Controllers, rpns, and nrpns (xrpns, for short) are special types of events used by midi software and hardware to contro...

  • Page 288

    288 : the piano roll toolbar contains several dropdown lists that let you choose the controller you want to see and edit. The contents of these lists depend on the output and channel settings and on the instrument assigned to that output and channel. Different instruments use controllers in differen...

  • Page 289

    289 engl ish • midi key aftertouch (keyaft) values remember that note velocity is an attribute of each note and not a completely separate event. You cannot add or remove velocity events in the notes pane, but you can use the draw tool to adjust the velocity values for existing notes. You can also ed...

  • Page 290

    290 : when the event list view includes more than one track, events are mixed together in chronological order. For example, if you select tracks 1 and 3 when you open the event list view, you see a single list of intermingled events from tracks 1 and 3. You can have any number of event list views, e...

  • Page 291

    291 engl ish here are some notes about events and their parameters: • the channel parameter in the track view can force an event to play on a different midi channel from the one shown in the event list. • pedal marks entered in the staff view are displayed in the event list view as controller events...

  • Page 292

    292 : selecting events in the event list view the following table describes how to select events in the event list view: additional information about note events and mcicmd events appears later in this chapter. Event list display filter you can configure the event list view to display different even...

  • Page 293

    293 engl ish small amount • click and hold both mouse buttons, and then drag the mouse up or down to change the value by a larger amount • double-click a cell, and then enter or choose a new value if you change the time of an event, it may also change its position in the event list. The event list v...

  • Page 294

    294 : to play events step by step 1. Using the keyboard, hold the ctrl and shift keys and press the spacebar to play the currently highlighted event. If the event is a note event, it plays until you release the spacebar. 2. When you release the spacebar, the highlight moves to the next event. 3. Con...

  • Page 295

    295 engl ish while mci commands can be used to play wave files, these files are played at their normal speed and are not necessarily synchronized with midi or other audio data. By contrast, wave audio clips are played in lock-step synchronization with midi and other audio data. For complete document...

  • Page 296

    296 : quantizing the quantize command moves events to (or towards) an evenly-spaced timing grid. The quantize effect is similar to the process-midi effects-cakewalk fx-quantize command. For more information, see “other settings” on page 274. The quantize effect parameters are as follows: to quantize...

  • Page 297

    297 engl ish the parameters used to specify the echo/delay effect are as follows: to apply echo/delay to midi data 1. Select the data to be affected. 2. Choose midi effects-cakewalk fx-echo delay from the process menu or from the popup menu to open the echo delay dialog box. 3. Set the echo/delay pa...

  • Page 298

    298 : adding arpeggio the arpeggiator command applies an arpeggio to its input and plays it back in real time. You can make it arpeggiate with a swing feel, or straight and staccato or legato, vary its speed and direction, and specify its range. The parameters used to specify the arpeggiator effect ...

  • Page 299

    299 engl ish 3. Set the arpeggiator parameters, as described in the table above. 4. Click ok. Sonar applies the specified arpeggio effect to the selected data. Analyzing chords the chord analyzer command analyzes chords. You select the notes to be analyzed in one of sonar’s windows, then open the ch...

  • Page 300

    300 : to change note velocities 1. Select the data to be affected. 2. Choose midi effects-cakewalk fx-velocity from the process menu or from the popup menu to open the velocity dialog box. 3. Select options as described in the table above. 4. Click ok. Sonar changes note velocities according to the ...

  • Page 301

    301 engl ish to transpose midi data 1. Select the data to be affected. 2. Choose midi effects-cakewalk fx-transpose from the process menu or from the popup menu to open the transpose dialog box. 3. Set the transposition options as described in the table above. 4. Click ok. Sonar transposes the selec...

  • Page 302

    302 :.

  • Page 303: Drum Maps and The

    English drum maps and the drum grid pane there are several panes in the piano roll view designed for use with midi drum tracks: the note map pane which lists the original pitch values and the mapped values for each note, and the drum grid pane which displays your drum tracks (any track assigned to a...

  • Page 304

    304 : the basics drum maps are virtual midi ports that you create and edit. Drum maps give you total control over all the midi drum sounds you have access to either in the form of software (soft synths) or hardware (external midi sound modules). Drum maps in sonar allow you to do the following: • re...

  • Page 305

    305 engl ish drum maps used in current project this field displays all the currently available drum maps. Click the new button to create a new drum map and delete to delete a drum map. Select a drum map to display the drum mappings in the drum map manager. All drum maps in this field are saved with ...

  • Page 306

    306 : settings the settings section is where you map the following for each in note (source): • in note—the source midi note value. • out note—the midi note value that plays on the destination sound source. • name—the user-defined name for the row. • chn—the channel on which the note is transmitted....

  • Page 307

    307 engl ish the map properties dialog the map properties dialog lets you change all the settings for an individual mapped note in your drum map. The settings in the map properties dialog are the same as a single row in the drum map manager. If you want to edit more than one drum note pitch mapping,...

  • Page 308

    308 : using drum maps the following topics cover using drum-mapped tracks, including how to display drum tracks in the drum grid pane and how to edit note velocities. Assigning a midi track to a drum map use the following procedure to assign a midi track to a drum map: to assign a midi track to a dr...

  • Page 309

    309 engl ish velocity tails in the drum grid pane, you have the option of showing the velocity of each note as a series of bars. The higher the bars, the higher the velocity value. To display velocity tails in the drum grid pane • click the show/hide velocity tails button in the piano roll view tool...

  • Page 310

    310 : previewing a mapped sound use the following procedure to hear the drum sound you have mapped a note to. To preview a mapped sound • in the note map pane, click on the name of the sound you want to hear. The note map pane the note map pane displays the current drum map. In the note map pane eac...

  • Page 311

    311 engl ish 2. In the map properties dialog, enter a new value in the note out field and press the enter key, or use the +/- buttons to change the value and press the enter key. To change multiple note out settings 1. Open the drum map manager. 2. In the drum map manager, select a contiguous range ...

  • Page 312

    312 : to turn on grid lines in the drum map pane • click the show/hide grid lines combo button in the piano roll view toolbar. Or • press the i key. To set the drum map pane grid line resolution • click the down arrow on the show/hide grid lines combo button and select an option from the menu that a...

  • Page 313

    313 engl ish your cursor should appear like this when in the drum grid pane. 5. Click where you want to begin placing notes and drag until you have inserted all the notes you want. 6. Release the mouse button. Sonar creates a series of notes, at equal intervals. To paint a custom pattern of notes us...

  • Page 314

    314 : 2. Right-click in the time ruler where you want the pattern to start and select insert marker from the menu that appears. The marker dialog appears. 3. Enter the name you want to use for the first pattern and click ok. 4. In a midi track, enter a pattern of notes. 5. If you want to create a se...

  • Page 315: Editing Audio

    English editing audio the track view lets you edit and arrange audio clips. You can perform basic tasks such as cut, copy, paste, and move; apply simple audio processing such as gain change, fades, and equalization; and use sophisticated audio effects such as stereo chorus and reverb. The track view...

  • Page 316

    316 : digital audio fundamentals digital audio is a numeric representation of sound; it is sound stored as numbers. In order to understand what the numbers mean, you need to start with the basic principles of acoustics, the science of sound. Basic acoustics sound is produced when molecules in the ai...

  • Page 317

    317 engl ish the displacement of the string changes as the string vibrates, as shown here: the segment marked “a” represents the string as it is pulled back by the pick; “b” shows it moving back towards its resting point, “c” represents the string moving through the resting point and onward to its o...

  • Page 318

    318 : played. Rather, all these vibrations are added together to form a complex or composite sound that our ear perceives as a single tone. This composite waveform still doesn't account for the uniqueness of the sound of different instruments. For example, stringed instruments usually have a resonat...

  • Page 319

    319 engl ish the waveform of a trumpet blast might look like this: and the waveform of a spoken word might look like this: the three waveforms shown above are quite different from one another, both in appearance and sound. Each has its own characteristic shape, or envelope, and each has its own comp...

  • Page 320

    320 : excursions of waveform amplitude. For example, a close-up of a portion of the guitar waveform might look like this: the waveform crosses the zero line twice during each complete vibration. These zero-crossings are important in digital audio processing; they are good places to cut waveforms apa...

  • Page 321

    321 engl ish here is what a clipped waveform might look like: clipping is not usually desirable and may have unpleasant audible effects. Sudden irregularities in the waveform of any type can cause clicks, pops, and distortion of the original sound. The decibel scale in acoustics, the decibel (db) sc...

  • Page 322

    322 : managing audio data because of the great size of audio data, sonar uses an intelligent scheme for storing audio clips on disk to conserve disk space and minimize the time it takes to load and save data. Audio data is not stored directly in your project file, but rather in separate files in a s...

  • Page 323

    323 engl ish editing clip properties audio clips have several properties that you can change: to change an audio clip’s name 1. Right-click the audio clip and choose clip properties. 2. Type a new name in the name box. 3. Click ok. The new clip name appears in the upper left corner of the clip. To c...

  • Page 324

    324 : audio scaling audio scaling is the increase or decrease in the size (scale) of the waveform in a track or bus. Audio scaling allows you to make detailed edits by zooming in on the parts of the waveform closest to the zero crossing (silence) while preserving the track or bus size. By showing ju...

  • Page 325

    325 engl ish to scale all audio tracks together to scale all audio tracks together, follow the instructions in the table below: to do this... Do this... Increase the scale for all tracks press alt+up arrow. Or hold down the ctrl key and click the vertical zoom in button. When you hold down the ctrl ...

  • Page 326

    326 : to scale a single track or bus to scale a single audio track, follow the instructions in the table below: to undo audio scaling • press the u key. To scale a single track or bus using the audio scale ruler • in the track in which you want to change the audio scale, click in the audio scale rul...

  • Page 327

    327 engl ish 4. Click once to make a single split, or to make two splits, click where you want the first split, drag within a clip and release to make a second split. To split clips with the split command 1. Select the clip you want to split. 2. Right-click the selected clip and select split from th...

  • Page 328

    328 : 2. Choose edit-bounce to track(s). The bounce to track(s) dialog appears. 3. Select the track you want to bounce to in the destination field. 4. Select other options in the mixdown audio/bounce to track(s) dialog and click ok. The clips are combined into a single clip on the destination track....

  • Page 329

    329 engl ish presets are a way to store dialog settings so that you can apply the exact same processing or effect again in the future. The following table tells you how to use presets in the effects dialog boxes. Many audio processing and effects presets are supplied with sonar. Using the normalize ...

  • Page 330

    330 : to use the gain command 1. Select the audio data you want to edit. 2. Use the process-audio-gain command to open the gain dialog. 3. If you only want to change the overall volume of the selection, move the new left channel-from left slider and the new right channel-from right sliders by a simi...

  • Page 331

    331 engl ish using remove silence to split long audio clips into smaller ones opens a variety of creative possibilities. The parameters in the remove silence dialog box are used to specify exactly what you mean by silence. More precisely, remove silence employs what is called a digital noise gate. T...

  • Page 332

    332 : to remove silence 1. Select the audio data to be affected. 2. Choose process-audio-remove silence to open the remove silence dialog box. 3. Set the digital noise gate parameters as described in the table above. 4. Check the split clips box to delete the silent sections of audio. 5. Click ok to...

  • Page 333

    333 engl ish in the second step, you set the timing synthesis parameters to determine how the pulses are converted to musically meaningful data. The timing synthesis parameters are as follows: when using extract timing, keep in mind the following: • it knows nothing about the musical context of the ...

  • Page 334

    334 : 5. Set the timing synthesis parameters as described in the table above. 6. Click ok. The generated events are automatically placed on the clipboard. You can paste them to a new track, or use them directly in another command (such as groove quantize). Removing dc offset some models of audio har...

  • Page 335

    335 engl ish slip-editing audio (non-destructive editing) slip editing allows you to non-destructively hide or reveal the beginning of a clip, the end of a clip, or both. The hidden material in a clip is not heard during playback. All hidden material remains intact and can be restored. All slip edit...

  • Page 336

    336 : 6. Make edits according to the following table: to do this... Do this... Trim the beginning of a clip move the cursor over the beginning of a clip. When the cursor changes in appearance to look like this , click and drag the clip to the right until you have removed the unwanted information. Tr...

  • Page 337

    337 engl ish the hidden information in the slip edited clips remains intact but is not heard during playback to permanently delete slip-edited data 1. Select the clips that contain the slip-edited data you want to delete. 2. Select the edit-apply trimming command. Sonar permanently deletes the slip-...

  • Page 338

    338 : slip-editing multiple audio clips you can slip-edit multiple clips at the same time. To slip-edit multiple clips at once 1. Make sure all clips are not loop-enabled. 2. Select the clips you want to slip-edit. 3. Move your cursor over the beginning or end range of the selected clips until your ...

  • Page 339

    339 engl ish to create a real-time fade-in in an audio clip use the following procedure to create a fade-in in an audio clip: 1. In the track view’s clips pane, move your mouse over the top part of the beginning of a clip until the cursor looks like this: . 2. When your cursor changes, click and dra...

  • Page 340

    340 : as you drag your mouse a fade-in appears on your clip. To create a real-time fade-out in an audio clip use the following procedure to create a fade-out in an audio clip: 1. In the track view’s clips pane, move your mouse over the top part of the end of a clip until the cursor looks like this: ...

  • Page 341

    341 engl ish 6. The two clips now overlap with a crossfade, looking something like this: you can edit fade-ins and fade-outs. You can change the start, end and position of a fade. The following procedures all demonstrate edits to a fade-in, but fade-outs work exactly the same. To edit the start time...

  • Page 342

    342 : to edit the start time of a fade while maintaining the length of the fade use this procedure to change the start time of the fade-in while maintaining the length of the fade: 1. In the clips pane, move your cursor over the middle part of the beginning of a clip which has a fade-in. 2. When you...

  • Page 343

    343 engl ish 4. Click ok to close the dialog. Sonar creates or edits the fade(s) according to the options you chose in the dialog. Applying fades and crossfades offline sonar provides several commands for applying gradual volume changes to audio data. The first command, fade/envelope, lets you fade-...

  • Page 344

    344 : 3. Select an envelope from the dropdown list. 4. If desired, manipulate the curve as described in the table above. 5. Click ok. Sonar applies the fade to the selected audio data. To crossfade two overlapping clips 1. Select two overlapping audio clips. They need not be on the same track, but t...

  • Page 345

    345 engl ish audio effects (audio plug-ins) sonar provides the ability to use plug-in audio effects. Some audio plug-in effects are supplied with sonar. Others can be purchased from third-party software manufacturers, and appear automatically in sonar’s menus once they are installed on your system. ...

  • Page 346

    346 : if you do not delete the effects from each track after applying them, they remain active. Directly applying audio effects you can also directly apply an audio effect to an audio clip. Right-click the clip and select an effect from the process effect menu. The dialog box for each plug-in effect...

  • Page 347

    347 engl ish to apply pitch shift to audio data 1. Select the audio data to be affected. 2. Choose process-audio effects-cakewalk-pitch shifter to open the cakewalk fx pitch shifter dialog box. 3. Set the pitch shift parameters, as described in the table above. 4. Click ok. Sonar applies the pitch s...

  • Page 348

    348 : the time and pitch parameters can be set by typing numbers in the appropriate boxes, or by dragging the sliders or the crosshair in the graph. Holding shift while dragging the crosshair snaps the crosshair to the nearest axis: x (time), y (pitch), or the diagonal (equal time and pitch). Diagon...

  • Page 349: Working With Software

    English working with software synthesizers sonar’s synth rack view makes inserting a soft synth or rewire instrument a one-step process, and makes viewing and configuring these instruments simple. Sonar also supports multi-port synths, which allow you to use different synth tracks and effects for ea...

  • Page 350

    350 : synth rack view open the synth rack view with the view-synth rack command. The synth rack view lets you view, insert, delete, and configure your soft synths. You can also mute and solo any or all of them from this view. Each time you insert a soft synth into your project, a new row appears in ...

  • Page 351

    351 engl ish to add a soft synth to the audio and synth tracks’ input menus (drop-downs) and the midi tracks’ output menus, you have to insert each soft synth that you want to use into each project. There are two basic ways to insert soft synths in sonar: 1. You can insert soft synths from the synth...

  • Page 352

    352 : to insert a soft synth from the synth rack view or menu 1. If you want to use the synth rack view, open the synth rack view with the view-synth rack command, and click the insert button to display the popup menu of installed soft synths. 2. If you want to use the menu command, use the insert-s...

  • Page 353

    353 engl ish 2. Under soft synths, choose the name of a soft synth. Two things happen: the soft synth’s interface appears, and the soft synth’s name appears in the track’s or bus’s fx bin, with a bypass button next to the name. 3. Set the soft synth’s parameters (choose sounds, effects, etc.), and d...

  • Page 354

    354 : the focus is on the midi track that’s patched to the second soft synth. It also makes it possible to record notes or automation data from the soft synth to any armed midi track. To play a soft synth with recorded midi data 1. Insert a soft synth into the project (see “inserting a soft synth” o...

  • Page 355

    355 engl ish • in the synth track that uses the soft synth as an input, choose another input for the track. If you don’t select another soft synth as an input, the synth track becomes a regular audio track. To remove a soft synth from a project • if your soft synth is patched into the fx bin of an a...

  • Page 356

    356 : sonar creates new audio tracks from the outputs you selected. When you’re through converting, don’t forget to mute your midi tracks so you won’t hear them and the new audio track(s) at the same time. Note: you control the bit depth of all rendering operations (bouncing, freezing, applying effe...

  • Page 357

    357 engl ish sonar records the fader or knob movements. Check the output fields of the midi tracks you recorded into and play back the track. To automate a soft synth’s controls in the track view 1. In a midi track that uses the synth as an output, right-click in the clips pane and choose envelopes-...

  • Page 358

    358 : • you can insert rewire devices into sonar projects from the synth rack view or insert menu, and you can tell sonar to create the necessary synth tracks and one midi track at that time. You can also tell sonar to open the rewire application’s property page, because, unlike synths, rewire appli...

  • Page 359

    359 engl ish the rewire instrument, and set an existing midi track’s output field to the rewire instrument. The existing audio track will then become a synth track. • if you want to open the rewire instrument’s interface from this dialog, check the open these windows: synth property page checkbox (a...

  • Page 360

    360 : now you can use separate effects for each of your rewire devices. Note: always close your rewire applications before closing sonar or a sonarproject. Mixing down rewire instruments to either mix down or bounce rewire instruments to new audio tracks, use the same procedures as for synths. For m...

  • Page 361

    361 engl ish 2. In the outputs field, make sure the name of your stand-alone synth’s midi driver is highlighted, and click ok. 3. Click the output field of an unused midi track to display the output menu. 4. Select the name of the stand-alone synth’s midi driver. 5. If your stand-alone synth is mult...

  • Page 362

    362 : 8. In sonar, click the record button. Sonar records all the midi tracks that are assigned to the stand-alone synth as a stereo audio track. After you finish recording, mute the midi tracks that you just recorded so you don’t hear them and the new audio track at the same time..

  • Page 363: Mixing And Effects

    English this chapter describes sonar™ as a live digital mixer that gives you full track-by-track control over recording and playback of your project. You can mix in either the track view or the console view. The console view has a 4-band eq patched to every audio track (producer edition only). The c...

  • Page 364

    364 : sonar lets you mix together the digital audio portions of a project, including all real-time effects and control movements, to a stereo track or stereo pair of audio tracks. You can use the mixed-down tracks to create a cd master or to publish your work on the internet. Preparing to mix the co...

  • Page 365

    365 engl ish sound controls in the console view are grouped in modules. There are several types of modules: one module’s name is always outlined with a white line. This corresponds to the track with the focus. You can change the focus by clicking to the right of the module’s volume fader. Module typ...

  • Page 366

    366 : the console view contains several different types of controls. Here’s how they are used: you can adjust console view controls in the following ways: • click on the center of the knob and drag the mouse up or down to adjust the knob • click and drag a fader up or down • double-click the center ...

  • Page 367

    367 engl ish there are four types of modules in the track view: track type... What you can do... Midi track set the track’s output, channel, bank, and patch; set the input; mute, solo, and arm the track; set channel volume, panning, chorus, and reverb levels; add real-time effects. Audio track set t...

  • Page 368

    368 : the track view contains several different types of controls. Here’s how they are used: for information on using the controls in the track view, see “changing track settings” on page 115. Volume, pan, bus send level and bus send pan also have snap-to positions; double-click the control to retur...

  • Page 369

    369 engl ish to display all the tracks in a project • click the zoom tool’s down arrow and select show all tracks from the zoom tool menu. To hide selected tracks 1. Select the tracks you want to hide. 2. Click the zoom tool’s down arrow and select hide selected tracks from the zoom tool menu. To di...

  • Page 370

    370 : to show or hide meters in the track view • click the show/hide meters button to display all meters or click on the arrow to the right of the show/hide meters button to display only the meters you want to see or to customize the appearance of your meters. For more information about metering opt...

  • Page 371

    371 engl ish 3. Press enter. If you rename a track, the new name is copied to the track view. If no name has been assigned to a track, the console view and track view display the track’s number. To link left/right faders in a console view module 1. In the module whose faders you want to link, adjust...

  • Page 372

    372 : when moving the volume fader, the value box in the toolbar displays the level from a scale of 0 (minimum) to 127 (maximum). When you move the pan slider, the value box displays the pan value on a scale that ranges from 100% left to 100% right with center represented by a c. Converting midi to ...

  • Page 373

    373 engl ish signal flow the following graphic shows an audio track’s signal flow: stereo bus volume trim clip fades input meters (record) audio clip clip envelopes clip mute hardware input soft synth input phase/interleave playback meter (pre fader/pre fx) playback meter (post fader) pan playback m...

  • Page 374

    374 : you control the mixing and playback of an audio track as follows: sonar displays volume in db (decibels). When adjusting the volume or bus send level controls, a value of 0 db indicates full signal strength; positive values, up to 6 db, indicate a signal gain; negative values indicate an atten...

  • Page 375

    375 engl ish this is shown in the picture below: any audio track can be tapped, before or after the track volume control, and sent to one or more buses. A bus can tap any number of audio tracks. Each track’s data passes through the track’s send level knob on its way to the bus. This is shown in the ...

  • Page 376

    376 : the audio in each bus is processed by the input gain and pan controls (main output buses don’t have these controls), then processed by any real-time effects you have patched, sent through the bus output level and pan controls, and then sent to the designated main out, in stereo. You can also i...

  • Page 377

    377 engl ish surround buses (producer edition only) surround buses are useful for mixing and adding effects to create a surround mix. To patch a track through a bus 1. Open the console view (view-console) or the track view (view-track). 2. If you want to add effects to the bus, right-click in the fx...

  • Page 378

    378 : main outs each enabled hardware channel has a main out channel strip in the console view. Main outs are the final destination for all of your audio in sonar. Main outs accept input from both tracks and buses. Main outs contains a left channel and a right channel, but only one volume fader. You...

  • Page 379

    379 engl ish hiding and showing meters the display and configuration of the meters in the track view is independent of the meters in the console view, and vice versa. Buttons in the track view and console view toolbars hide or show all the meters of each kind in each view. To show or hide meters on ...

  • Page 380

    380 : to show or hide all main meters in the console view • in the console view, click the dropdown menu to the right of the show meters button and select main meters from the menu that appears. To show or hide individual bus meters in the track view • in the track view, right-click the title bar of...

  • Page 381

    381 engl ish the dropdown menus give you the following display options: segmented and non-segmented meters you can display meters as segmented (the default) or non-segmented meters. Non-segmented meters have the advantage of taking up less room in a track strip. Menu option... What it does... Peak c...

  • Page 382

    382 : the audio meter settings dialog (options- audio meter settings command) lets you choose segmented or non-segmented meters for the track and/or console views. You can customize the colors of non-segmented meters in the colors dialog—use the options-colors command, and choose vu lo level, vu hi ...

  • Page 383

    383 engl ish the track or bus and clicking show peak marker from the popup menu. Colors for both peak markers and their text fields are configurable in the colors dialog (options-colors command). Because a peak marker may be offscreen, you can jump to a peak marker by right-clicking the numeric peak...

  • Page 384

    384 : freeze tracks and synths the freeze feature allows you to temporarily bounce your track, including soft synths and effects, to reduce the amount of cpu power needed. The freeze feature also works for synths patched in the synth rack. The following are the available commands for track freezing:...

  • Page 385

    385 engl ish • quick unfreeze synth—hides and mutes the bounced audio, enables the synth and track fx bin. Bounced audio is retained, and toggling between quick freeze and quick unfreeze should be instantaneous. • quick freeze synth—only available after a quick unfreeze, the quick freeze function re...

  • Page 386

    386 : or • in the synth rack view, click the freeze/unfreeze button , and choose unfreeze synth from the menu that appears. Sonar discards bounced audio, enables the synth and the synth audio track’s fx bin. Sonar will be re-bounce the audio if you choose freeze again. To do a quick unfreeze of a sy...

  • Page 387

    387 engl ish or remove them entirely at any time. Since most effects require complex numeric calculations, real- time effects processing puts a heavy load on your computer’s cpu. If you use too many effects, the cpu will not be able to keep up and playback will sound choppy and disconnected. You can...

  • Page 388

    388 : here’s how to insert and configure effects: when you place an effect in an fx bin, an abbreviated name is used to describe the effect. Sometimes the limited space makes it impossible to identify the effect. If this occurs, simply rest the cursor over the effect for a second or two, and a toolt...

  • Page 389

    389 engl ish presets presets are a way to store property page settings so that you can recall the exact same group of settings again in the future. Effects and soft synths use presets, and so do some other functions you’ll find in certain dialogs. You manage presets with the presets window, and the ...

  • Page 390

    390 : disappears, but will reappear in the other project, showing you that the displayed settings in that project are different from the last saved version of the preset. If you want to get rid of the asterisk in all projects, save the preset in each project with the exact same settings. Effects on ...

  • Page 391

    391 engl ish fx bin. • to copy an effect to another fx bin (on a track or a clip), hold the ctrl key down, and then drag the name of the effect to the other fx bin. • to change the order of an effect in an fx bin, drag the name of the effect up or down to the desired place in the effects chain. To a...

  • Page 392

    392 : to bypass or unbypass a single v-vocal clip • right-click the v-vocal clip and choose roland v-vocal-bypass/unbypass from the clips pane popup menu. When you bypass a v-vocal clip, you hear the original audio data that makes up the v-vocal clip without hearing any v-vocal processing. When bypa...

  • Page 393

    393 engl ish description of interface components • edit mode—select the parameter you want to edit: pitch, time, formant, or dynamics. • zoom—continuous horizontal or vertical zooming by dragging the center vertically or horizontally. If you drag the center while pressing the shift key, you can rest...

  • Page 394

    394 : to play a v-vocal clip • to play a v-vocal clip, click the play button in the v-vocal interface, or press the spacebar. • to stop playback, press the spacebar, or click the stop button. • to mute the track that the v-vocal clip is in, click the m button in the v-vocal interface. • to solo the ...

  • Page 395

    395 engl ish nodes appear automatically when you shift pitch. Tips: • ctrl-dragging snaps the pitch to the pitch correction grid. Shift dragging moves the pitch by 100 cent increments. • you can also edit pitch by dragging a node up or down. • you can undo each edit you do by pressing ctrl+z. You ca...

  • Page 396

    396 : the correct button, the selected area conforms to the light blue notes on the keyboard. You can also click the note names in the select pitch correction field to select notes. Note that light blue note names are selected, grey note names are not selected, and red note names are bypassed. Note:...

  • Page 397

    397 engl ish the cursor displays a fade-in icon when it is ready to add a fade-in: . 2. Drag the vibrato segment to the right for the length of the fade-in that you want to add. Editing time to edit timing with v-vocal, the time button in the edit mode section must be enabled. To edit time 1. Make s...

  • Page 398

    398 : when you drag the red line, nodes are automatically created at the start and end of the selected region. You can drag the nodes to create different shapes. Tips: • double-clicking the red line in a selected region adds nodes to the place where you click, and also to the start and end of the se...

  • Page 399

    399 engl ish keyboard shortcuts the following table lists the v-vocal keyboard shortcuts: command... Shortcut... Arrow tool s line tool l , or hold down shift while using the pen tool pen tool d vibrato/lfo tool v erase tool e hand tool h zoom tool z undo zoom u redo zoom shift+u zoom vertically ctr...

  • Page 400

    400 : redo ctrl+shift+z cancel drag gesture esc select all ctrl+a select none ctrl+shift+a return selection to default settings delete solo track / show/hide waveform in pitch edit mode shift+w go to/center cursor g scroll up/down up/down arrow keys; pageup/pagedown scroll left/right left/right arro...

  • Page 401

    401 engl ish using the per-track eq (producer edition only) each audio track in the console view in the producer version of sonar has a 4-band eq patched into it by default. You can hide the eq, hide its graph (plot), display only one band, or display all four bands here’s a graphic of the eq and it...

  • Page 402

    402 : to choose what band you’re controlling when only one band is showing • click the band menu that’s at the bottom of the eq display, and choose the band number you want to control. To enable or disable the eq • click the enable/disable button that’s next to the band menu: . To choose the filter ...

  • Page 403

    403 engl ish applying midi effects you can destructively apply the midi effects in a track’s patch point. This makes it easy for you to experiment with midi effects before you commit to them on a more permanent basis. To apply midi effects destructively 1. In the track view, select the tracks or cli...

  • Page 404

    404 : wizard, and the vst configuration wizard relays the message to the host program so it can synchronize playback time to the delayed output from the plug-in. • do not intercept nrpns—the wizard uses nrpns to run automation of your vst plug-ins. However, some instruments have their own implementa...

  • Page 405

    405 engl ish absolute the range of motion in all controls in the group is identical. When you move one control in the group, all other controls in the group move the same amount in the same direction. The controls do not necessarily need to start at the same level. Here are two examples: example 1 e...

  • Page 406

    406 : relative the range of motion for controls in the group is not the same. All controls in the group have the same value at one point—the lowest level for send, return, and volume levels, and zero for pan controls. Here are two examples: custom sometimes you want to define a more complex relation...

  • Page 407

    407 engl ish sonar adds the control to the group. Controls, knobs and faders are highlighted with the group’s color indicator. To remove a control from its group 1. Right-click on the control. 2. Choose remove from group from the menu. Sonar removes the control from the group and displays the contro...

  • Page 408

    408 : sonar sets the start value of the control. The set start = current and set end = current commands set the range of motion that a grouped control moves through as the other members of the group move through their starting and ending values. You don’t have to designate a group as a custom group ...

  • Page 409

    409 engl ish you can make part of a quick group into a permanent group by right-clicking a grouped control, and using the group-save command from the popup menu. This creates a group of whatever kind of control you right-clicked from all the tracks or buses in the quick group. For example, if you ha...

  • Page 410

    410 : using remote control this section explains how to assign knobs or sliders on a midi controller to control specific parameters on specific tracks. If you have a control surface with groups of faders such as a tascam us-428 or cm labs motormix, see the online help topic “working with external de...

  • Page 411

    411 engl ish 4. Set the midi channel field to the channel that your controller sends out. 5. Click ok. You can now work the control from your midi device. If you arm the control for automation and click the record automation button in the sonar transport, you can record your external controller’s kn...

  • Page 412

    412 : to mix down (bounce) audio tracks 1. Set all volume, pan, effects, and automation settings just as you want them. 2. Select the tracks or clips you want to mix down. 3. If you are using effects on the tracks and want to mix the effects down at this time, select the whole length of the longest ...

  • Page 413

    413 engl ish 10. In the mix enables field, choose the elements you want to include in the mixdown. If you want to exclude muted tracks and/or include only soloed tracks, make sure track mute/solo is checked. Make sure fast bounce is checked, otherwise the bounce process will take as long as it takes...

  • Page 414

    414 : if your audio hardware is configured for stereo playback, wave files are created in stereo; if your audio hardware is configured for monophonic playback, the wave file is created in mono. To export audio to wave file format 1. Set all volume, pan, effects, and automation settings just as you w...

  • Page 415

    415 engl ish 24 and you export to 16, you lose some sound definition, but you get some of it back if the dithering option is on in the audio options dialog box (see “dithering” on page 419 for more information). 13. In the mix enables field, choose the elements you want to include in the mixdown. If...

  • Page 416

    416 engl ish • entire mix—choosing this option creates one file for your entire mix, unless you’re exporting a surround mix with split mono selected in the channel format field. 9. In the source buses/tracks field, choose the buses or tracks you want to use as a source to create your mix. If you cho...

  • Page 417

    417 engl ish to export a project in mp3 format 1. Set all volume, pan, effects, and automation settings just as you want them. 2. If you only want to mix down parts of tracks, select those clips now. 3. If you are using effects on the tracks and want to mix the effects down at this time, select the ...

  • Page 418

    418 engl ish 16. Choose options and click ok. The audio is compacted and exported to a file or files with the extension . Mp 3. Exporting omf files omf (open media format) files are designed for cross-platform compatibility. For more information about the omf format, see “importing omf projects” on ...

  • Page 419

    419 engl ish • pan • automation • effects dithering dithering is a process you can use when you convert a higher bit-depth file to 16 bits. Sonar features the pow-r dithering process, short for psycho-acoustically optimized wordlength reduction, which can produce 16-bit files that sound indistinguis...

  • Page 420

    420 engl ish.

  • Page 421: Surround Mixing

    English surround mixing sonar producer fully supports surround mixing (sonar studio can open surround projects created in producer, converting them to stereo). Sonar (producer) can create finished surround mixes in all popular surround formats, includinfg windows media 9 pro. You can use a joystick ...

  • Page 422

    422 : surround basics surround sound is a common name for various techniques for positioning audio in reference to the listener. Whereas regular stereo is limited to left/right positioning, within a relatively narrow field, surround sound opens possibilities of positioning an audio source anywhere a...

  • Page 423

    423 engl ish to mix in surround sound in sonar, you must insert at least one surround bus. A project can include multiple surround buses, but all surround buses in a project use the same surround format (5.1, 7.1, etc.). The project’s surround format is based on one of the following surround format ...

  • Page 424

    424 : • 6.0 (music/alternative) • 6.1 (film/alternative) • 6.1 (music/alternative) • 6.1 (smpte/itu) • 7.0 (heptagon) • 7.0 (film/alternative) • 7.0 (music/alternative) • 7.1 (film/alternative) • 7.1 (music/alternative) • 7.1 (smpte/itu) • 8.0 (octagon) • 8.0 (film/alternative) • 8.0 (music/alternat...

  • Page 425

    425 engl ish to choose a surround format and set sound card outputs 1. Use the options-project command. The project options dialog appears. 2. Click the surround tab. 3. Select a format from the surround format dropdown. The diagram to the right of the surround format menu changes to illustrate the ...

  • Page 426

    426 : routing in surround tracks can send output to a surround bus, the surround main, or a hardware output. If a track is routed to a surround bus or the surround main, it has surround meters and a surround panner. You can route any track or bus to another bus, the surround main or a hardware out. ...

  • Page 427

    427 engl ish the following table lists the downmixing settings in the surround tab of the project options dialog and gives a brief description of what the setting does. You can also manually enter other values besides these preset ones: to downmix a project 1. If you do not have a stereo bus in your...

  • Page 428

    428 : panning in surround unlike stereo panning which sends sound to left and right speakers, surround panning means sending sound to multiple speakers at points along a circle. When a track/bus/send is assigned to a surround bus, the pan control turns into a multi-dimensional surround panner. The s...

  • Page 429

    429 engl ish controlling surround panning here are pictures of the large surround panner and medium surround panner: the large surround panner has some sliders at the bottom that the medium surround panner doesn’t have, except for the lfe send slider, which the medium panner has. Except for the slid...

  • Page 430

    430 : • focus—this is the perceived distance of the sound source from the center of the circle on a scale of 0 to 100, 0 meaning the center of the circle, and 100 meaning the perimeter. • width markers—these are two smaller spheres equidistant from the angle and focus marker. Their distance from eac...

  • Page 431

    431 engl ish to mute a surround speaker • in the large surround panner, click a speaker icon to mute its output. The speaker icon turns grey when the speaker is muted. Or • in the small surround panner, click a white square to mute a speaker’s output. The square turns grey when the speaker is muted....

  • Page 432

    432 : numpad assignments: • 0 = n/a • 1 = ls • 2 = cs • 3 = rs • 4 = sl • 5 = centers the panner • 6 = sr • 7 = l • 8 = c • 9 = r • / = lc • * = rc automating surround panning you can arm or disarm for automation all the controls in a surround panner by clicking any control in the surround panner (e...

  • Page 433

    433 engl ish the joystick will grab the current pan position/sphere anytime you pull the trigger button (the "firing" button under your index finger). When recording automation, you write new automation every time you pull the trigger button. Various joystick buttons can be used to: • control sonar’...

  • Page 434

    434 : surround metering meters in tracks routed to surround buses or the surround main, and meters in surround buses work the same as stereo meters (see “metering” on page 378), however, surround meters display more channels. For example, a project in 5.1 would have a six-channel meter. Bass managem...

  • Page 435

    435 engl ish surround effects sonar lets you use your existing stereo or mono effects as surround effects. Sonar does this through the surroundbridge, which automatically sets up your existing mono & stereo plug-ins so you can patch them into surround buses (buses, not tracks). The surroundbridge th...

  • Page 436

    436 : 2. On the surroundbridge tab of the effect’s property page, use the dropdown menus in the left input and right input columns to assign individual surround channels to instances of the effect. Your assignments take effect immediately, and the names of the tabs in the property page change to ref...

  • Page 437

    437 engl ish not change color when you click the enable checkbox, because it is a separate system. The bypass button is automatable in some plug-ins. To save a preset 1. Set the effect’s parameters the way you want them. 2. In the presets field of the effect’s property page, type a name for the pres...

  • Page 438

    438 : exporting surround mixes you can export your surround mixes as multi-channel pcm wave files, or as windows media pro files. To export a surround multi-channel file 1. Use the file-export-audio command to open the export audio dialog. 2. Type a name for your file. 3. In the files of type field,...

  • Page 439: Automation

    English automation means to record the movement of a fader, knob, or other control so that the next time you play your project, that control moves automatically. Sonar allows you to graphically automate much more than just volume and pan controls—you can automate individual controls, faders, and kno...

  • Page 440

    440 : quick automation guide the following table summarizes console and track view automation: in addition, sonar allows you to copy and paste envelopes between tracks. The only controls that you can’t automate are the arm, solo, pre/post, interleave (mono/stereo selector), bus enable, and phase but...

  • Page 441

    441 engl ish the automation toolbar display the automation toolbar by using the view-toolbars command to open the toolbars dialog box, and making sure that the automation checkbox is checked. If you slide the cursor over each button or field in the toolbar, tooltips pop up to tell you each function....

  • Page 442

    442 : 5. Make sure that the enable automation playback button in the automation toolbar is depressed; rewind the project, play it, and listen to the results. 6. Do one of the following: • rewind the project and re-record the automation data. Or • if you are happy with the result, right-click the arm...

  • Page 443

    443 engl ish 4. Choose add node from the menu. A node appears on the envelope. Note: a shortcut to add a node is to double-click the envelope. 5. Move the cursor over the node until a cross appears under it, and drag the node in any direction you want. 6. Double-click the envelope to add another nod...

  • Page 444

    444 : creating and editing midi envelopes this method is only available in the clips pane. You can also draw midi controller data in the piano roll view, but the technique is different (see “adding and editing controllers in the piano roll view” on page 254). Note 1: midi envelopes you create in the...

  • Page 445

    445 engl ish the envelope editing menu appears. 5. Choose add node from the menu. A node (very small rectangle) appears on the envelope. Note: a shortcut to create a node is to double-click the envelope. 6. Move the cursor over the node until a cross appears under it, and drag the node in any direct...

  • Page 446

    446 : using the envelope draw tool the envelope draw tool allows you to draw both freehand and preset shapes on an existing envelope. To draw freehand 1. Activate the envelope you want to edit (click it with the envelope tool ). 2. Enable the envelope draw tool: click in the track view toolbar. 3. C...

  • Page 447

    447 engl ish 2. Drag one of the selected nodes in the direction that you want to move the selected area. Stretching stops if any selected node bumps into an adjacent unselected node. Drawing envelopes on clips you can also draw envelopes on audio clips, but only for gain, pan, and any automatable ef...

  • Page 448

    448 : deleting envelopes to delete a single envelope 1. Move the cursor over the envelope until a vertical, double-ended arrow appears under it, and right- click the envelope. The envelope editing menu appears. 2. Choose delete envelope from the menu. Sonar deletes the envelope. To delete several or...

  • Page 449

    449 engl ish to paste an envelope 1. Select the track(s) and location (now time) you want to paste the data to. 2. Press ctrl+v or use the edit-paste command. The paste dialog box appears. 3. Choose a track and location to paste to, if you haven’t already. 4. Click ok. Sonar pastes the automation da...

  • Page 450

    450 : • press the o key. In offset mode, all controls that can be offset appear with a plus sign. For example vol+. The following audio controls support both envelope and offset modes: the following midi controls support both envelope and offset modes: to open non-sonar envelope display on a percent...

  • Page 451

    451 engl ish to display envelopes on a percentage scale 1. Select options-global to open the global options dialog. 2. In the general tab, click the display envelopes on percentage scale checkbox. 3. Click ok. Converting midi envelopes to shapes midi controllers you edit in the piano roll view and m...

  • Page 452

    452 : 7. Disarm all controls by clicking the disarm all automation controls button in the automation toolbar, or by clicking the red auto indicator in the status bar. You can play back your project with or without the automation data by clicking the enable automation playback button in the automatio...

  • Page 453

    453 engl ish 6. When you finish moving the knobs and faders, click the stop button in the transport toolbar. Play back the track and listen to the result. Then you can either re-record the automation or disarm the parameters. You can disarm all armed parameters at once by clicking the red auto indic...

  • Page 454

    454 : recording automation data from an external controller you can record automation data from an external controller or a midi keyboard. To record automation data from an external controller 1. In either the track view or console view, right-click the control or knob that you want to control exter...

  • Page 455

    455 engl ish the envelope editing and node editing menus the envelope editing menu appears when you move the cursor over an envelope until a double-ended arrow appears under it, and right-click the envelope. The node editing menu is almost identical, and appears when you move the cursor over a node ...

  • Page 456

    456 : automated muting the mute buttons in the track view and console view work in two ways: • you can record or draw automation for each mute button, and the automation data controls the buttons. • you can click a mute button while playback is in progress and manually override any automation data f...

  • Page 457: Layouts, Templates

    English layouts, templates and key bindings a layout is the current arrangement of all the views that pertain to a particular project. The layout of each project is stored automatically as part of every project file. In addition, you can save the current layout or load any saved layout and apply it ...

  • Page 458

    458 : layouts the layout of the views that are displayed for a project is stored automatically in the project file when you save the project. By default, the layout of all the views is restored when the file is opened. You can automatically arrange all open views so that they are all visible by usin...

  • Page 459

    459 engl ish there are two options in windows layouts dialog (select view-layouts to open) that control how layouts are used, as described in the following table: to create or save a layout 1. Arrange the views for the current project the way you want. 2. Choose view-layouts to display the window la...

  • Page 460

    460 : 5. Click close to exit the window layouts dialog box. To rename a layout 1. Choose view-layouts to display the window layouts dialog box. 2. Choose the layout you want to rename from the list. 3. Click rename to display the rename existing layout dialog box. 4. Enter a new name for the layout,...

  • Page 461

    461 engl ish to float a view 1. Open the view you want to float. 2. Click the view’s icon located in the upper left corner of the view. 3. In the menu that appears, click enable floating. 4. Move the view wherever you want. Templates template files make it easy to create new projects with certain pr...

  • Page 462

    462 : the following parameters are saved globally and are not stored in template or project files: • initialization file parameters • big time font settings • midi device settings • instrument definitions • autosave options • key bindings • color settings to create a template 1. Create a new file us...

  • Page 463

    463 engl ish 5. The third synthesizer can respond to 16 midi channels, but the only channels left are 9 and 11 through 16. Enter these numbers in the corresponding tracks. You will need to mute the unused channels on the third synthesizer (1 through 8 and 10) so they won’t play. These are assigned t...

  • Page 464

    464 : you can choose one of two options to define the key binding shift key: • midi key (typically, the very lowest or highest key on your midi keyboard) • controller event (typically, one of the pedals) if you use a midi key as the key binding shift key, then you lose the ability to play that note ...

  • Page 465

    465 engl ish 5. Highlight the key you want to bind from the key list (if you click inside the key window to put the focus on it, you can then play a note on your midi keyboard, and the note automatically becomes highlighted in the key window). 6. Select the command you want to bind from the function...

  • Page 466

    466 :.

  • Page 467: Working With Notation

    English working with notation and lyrics this chapter describes three sonar views that are used to edit the music notation and lyrics of your project. • sonar’s staff view lets you work with your composition in a standard musical staff, guitar tablature and a virtual guitar fretboard. You can add, m...

  • Page 468

    468 : the staff view the staff view is composed of a staff pane and a fretboard. When you first open the staff view, you may see only the staff and not the fretboard. Resize the staff view by dragging its edges until you can see everything easily. When you save your file, whatever size the staff vie...

  • Page 469

    469 engl ish opening the staff view there are three ways to open the staff view: • in the track view, select the midi tracks you want to see, then click the staff view button . • in the track view, select the midi tracks you want to see, then choose view-staff. • right-click on a track in the clips ...

  • Page 470

    470 : to change the staff pane layout 1. Click the staff view layout button to open the staff view layout dialog box. 2. Select a track from the list (if the track you want to edit is not in the list, click the pick tracks button in the staff view toolbar and select it). The clef option shows the tr...

  • Page 471

    471 engl ish the fretboard the fretboard shows you the notes located at the now time in the staff pane, laid out on a virtual guitar fretboard. For example, if the staff pane shows you this: the fretboard pane shows you this: the fretboard stays in sync with the now time during playback and recordin...

  • Page 472

    472 : basic musical editing the staff view's tools let you edit a project by manipulating the elements of standard music notation. Using these tools, you can create and edit notes, pedal marks, expression marks, hairpins, and lyrics. Inserting notes on the staff you can add notes to your composition...

  • Page 473

    473 engl ish 6. Click the cursor on the vertical line at the pitch that you want. 7. To add a sharp or flat, right-click the note to open the note properties dialog box—in the pitch field, use the + or - buttons to raise or lower the pitch, and click ok. You can type enharmonic spellings into the pi...

  • Page 474

    474 : moving, copying, and deleting notes on the staff selections can be cut, copied, pasted, and deleted with edit menu commands. The techniques are similar to those used in other views. Selections can also be dragged and dropped to copy or move them. To keep track of your current position while dr...

  • Page 475

    475 engl ish any notes whose notehead is touched by the eraser will be deleted. Moving notes from within the fretboard you can drag notes displayed in the fretboard horizontally along each string to change their pitch. They always change in the chromatic scale. You can not drag notes from one string...

  • Page 476

    476 : to play notes with step play 1. Set the now time by clicking in the time ruler. 2. Step through the music as follows: changing note properties the staff view lets you edit all the midi parameters for a note, including those not normally portrayed by standard musical notation. Note properties a...

  • Page 477

    477 engl ish sonar changes the note’s parameters and redraws the note if necessary. Deglitch dialog when recording midi guitar, even the best players occasionally play unintended notes. The deglitch feature allows you to filter out the softest, shortest, and highest notes in the file. There are thre...

  • Page 478

    478 : sonar inserts all three triplet notes at the same pitch. You can then drag the second and third notes to their correct pitch locations. Beaming of rests the staff view supports beaming of rests, a practice that is popular with rhythmically complex music. Beam lengths are extended to include re...

  • Page 479

    479 engl ish here’s what the staff view looks like with and without these options: on the other hand, if you are entering notes into the staff view with the mouse, fill and trim durations may produce confusing results. For example, with fill durations, an inserted eighth note in 4/4 time would look ...

  • Page 480

    480 : requires knowledge regarding what key or scale is being evoked—knowledge that only the composer possesses. For example, if a modulation is being prepared, then the new key signature has not yet been completely established, and the harmony has already begun to shift. In fact, there may not even...

  • Page 481

    481 engl ish to change a note’s enharmonic spelling 1. Right-click the note to open the note properties dialog box. 2. In the pitch textbox, type a new spelling for the note. 3. Click ok. Sonar displays the note with the new enharmonic spelling. You can change enharmonic spellings in other views, su...

  • Page 482

    482 : chords and marks the staff view lets you add and edit chord symbols, dynamic markings, hairpin symbols, and pedal events. Like notes, these symbols are placed in the score with the draw tool. They can be selected, cut, copied, pasted, deleted, and dragged and dropped. With the exception of ped...

  • Page 483

    483 engl ish to edit a chord symbol 1. Right-click the symbol to open the chord properties dialog box. 2. Edit information about the chord according to the table: 3. If desired, select a group from the list and/or create a guitar chord grid. 4. Click ok. The staff view displays the chord with the ne...

  • Page 484

    484 : to add a guitar chord grid 1. Right-click the chord symbol to open the chord properties dialog box. 2. Follow the instructions in the table: 3. Click ok. The staff view displays the chord with the new guitar chord grid. To manage the chord library 1. Right-click the chord symbol to open the ch...

  • Page 485

    485 engl ish adding expression marks expression marks tell a performer how to interpret the notes and durations on the page. They provide a necessary supplement to simple notation, in which notes have only pitch and duration, but no hint of how loudly, softly, or smoothly, they are to be played. Dyn...

  • Page 486

    486 : adding hairpin symbols some musical phrases vary dynamically, increasing or decreasing in loudness for dramatic effect. Sonar lets you insert traditional crescendo and diminuendo hairpin symbols that convey this information to a performer, as shown here: if the track is split into treble/bass ...

  • Page 487

    487 engl ish pedal event parameters are as follows: if the track is split into treble/bass staves, pedal marks are allowed only below the bass staff. You can suppress the display of all pedal marks by deselecting the show pedal events option in the staff view's layout dialog box. To add a pedal mark...

  • Page 488

    488 : tablature the staff view can display guitar or bass midi tracks as tablature. You can generate and edit tablature or enter notes on either the fretboard or on the tablature staff to create a new track. You can export tablature to an ascii file for printing or distribution on the web. Tablature...

  • Page 489

    489 engl ish the next time you want to use these settings for a track, choose your preset in the staff view layout dialog box from the presets dropdown list. Changing fretboard texture and orientation you can change fretboard texture and orientation (high string on top or bottom of neck) in the staf...

  • Page 490

    490 : channel is selected, the user chooses which series of midi channels should be considered. This is useful for midi guitarists that record parts in mono mode, where each string transmits on a different midi channel. To regenerate tab 1. In the staff view, use the select tool to drag a rectangle ...

  • Page 491

    491 engl ish • right-click the fret you want to edit. A list of fret numbers appears. Select the one you want, and the fret you right-clicked changes to the fret number you selected. Editing chords or groups of notes from the tab staff to edit chords or groups of notes in the tab staff, first select...

  • Page 492

    492 : which you select by clicking the note icons in the staff view toolbar. You may want to display the now time by choosing view-big time. 4. Enter a note by clicking the string and fret where you would play the note. The note appears on the fretboard, in the staff, and in the tab if you have gene...

  • Page 493

    493 engl ish 4. Make sure that the output/channel combination used by your track is assigned to a percussion instrument definition. For example, channel 10 of a general midi output should be assigned to the general midi drums instrument definition. 5. Click ok in both dialog boxes. Sonar shows the n...

  • Page 494

    494 : 5. Click ok to close the percussion notation key dialog box. 6. Click close to close the staff view layout dialog box. The staff view shows the percussion clef with the note bindings and noteheads you assigned. Ghost strokes in percussion notation, parentheses around a note mean that it is a g...

  • Page 495

    495 engl ish alternatively, you can choose file-print and skip the print preview window. The meter/key view the meter/key view lets you enter meter and key changes at measure boundaries. Meter and key changes affect all tracks. What is meter? The meter—also known as the time signature—describes how ...

  • Page 496

    496 : • how the notes are transposed when the diatonic option is enabled. The key signature affects only how sonar displays pitches for you. Changing the key signature does not affect the midi key number (pitch) stored with each note. To actually transpose pitches, use the transpose command or edit ...

  • Page 497

    497 engl ish to add a meter/key change 1. Open the meter/key view. 2. Click add , or choose insert-meter/key change, to open the meter/key signature dialog box. 3. Enter information about the new meter/key change. 4. Click ok. Sonar inserts the meter/key change into the project. The meter/key change...

  • Page 498

    498 : music notation for non-concert-key instruments for historical reasons, certain musical instruments are traditionally notated in a transposed key rather than the actual key. For example, a normal (bb) trumpet part is written in the key one whole step higher than the actual concert key, and an e...

  • Page 499

    499 engl ish you can enter and edit lyrics in several ways: • using the lyrics tool in the staff view • using the lyrics view • inserting lyric events in the event list view the staff view is usually the preferred location for entering lyrics, since you can see the notes with which the lyrics are as...

  • Page 500

    500 : to edit lyrics 1. Click the draw tool . 2. Click the word you want to change. 3. Edit the word as desired. 4. Press enter. Sonar replaces the old word with the new one. Opening the lyrics view there are three ways to open the lyrics view: • in the track view, select the track whose lyrics you ...

  • Page 501

    501 engl ish to enter lyrics in the lyrics view 1. Click in the upper left corner of the view to position the cursor at the start of the text. 2. Follow the instructions in the table: to edit lyrics in the lyrics view editing in the lyrics view follows standard windows conventions for cursor movemen...

  • Page 502

    502 :.

  • Page 503: Using Instrument

    English using instrument definitions instrument definitions are a powerful feature of sonar that makes it easier for you to find the banks, patches, and controllers of your midi instruments. An instrument definition is a file that contains the names of the banks, patches, note names, bank select met...

  • Page 504

    504 : assigning instruments sonar lets you assign a midi instrument definition to each available midi output and channel. The assignments you make determine the midi bank names, patch names, note names, and controller names that you see during your sonar session. Suppose that you have a roland gs-co...

  • Page 505

    505 engl ish 3. Choose the instrument definition to which the selected outputs and channels should be assigned from the uses instrument list. A black line connects the two lists. If your midi module’s name doesn’t appear in the list and you don’t want to use general midi bank and patch names for it,...

  • Page 506

    506 : the instrument definitions you imported should now appear in the uses instrument list in the assign instruments dialog box. Creating instrument definitions sonar lets you create and edit instrument definitions. To create an instrument definition, you must answer these types of questions: • wha...

  • Page 507

    507 engl ish the define instruments and names dialog box contains two trees: • the instruments tree in the left half of the dialog box lists all defined instruments and their characteristics • the names tree in the right half of the dialog box shows all the resources you use to define an instrument ...

  • Page 508

    508 : to save an instrument definition 1. Click close to close the define instruments and names dialog box. 2. Click ok. Sonar saves the instrument definition in the master . Ins file. To export an instrument definition 1. In the define instruments and names dialog box, right-click an instrument nam...

  • Page 509

    509 engl ish copying name lists you can easily create new lists that are similar to other lists. For example, suppose you want to create a new patch name list called newlist that is almost identical to the general midi patch list, but with one or two small changes. Here’s how you proceed: • create a...

  • Page 510

    510 : here is an example of the normal bank select method. According to the documentation for the roland jv-1080 synthesizer, the pr-a bank has a controller 0 value of 81 and a controller 32 value of 0. You compute the bank number that you enter in the instrument definition as follows: (81 x 128) + ...

  • Page 511

    511 engl ish 2. Press the del key, or right-click on the bank name and choose delete from the popup menu. To set or clear the drum flag • right-click on the bank in the instrument tree, and choose drums from the popup menu. Assigning note names each patch may have a list of up to 128 names for notes...

  • Page 512

    512 : 2. Enter the patch number that should use these note names, or enter –1 to indicate that this list of note names should be used as the default. Sonar displays the updated patch and note name lists. If necessary, sonar adds a new patch to the instrument definition. To remove a note name list 1....

  • Page 513

    513 engl ish patch[*]=mackie otto-1604 key[*,*]=mackie otto-1604 nocontrollerreset=n any port/channel using an instrument definition that has a nocontrollerreset flag set to 1 does not receive a "zero controller" message upon stop. You can enter this variable in any instrument definition by using a ...

  • Page 514

    514 : roland . Ins contains definitions for many roland modules. The file misc . Ins contains miscellaneous definitions that might include your instrument if you don’t see a specific file for it. You can find these files in your sonar folder. The file master . Ins contains all the instrument definit...

  • Page 515

    515 engl ish instruments and names dialog box to see if another one has the right patch names in it, and rename it var #01. To substitute and rename a patch list 1. Use the options-instruments command to open the assign instruments dialog box, and click the define button to open the define instrumen...

  • Page 516

    516 : to create a patch name list for your own sounds 1. You could create a new list by copying and renaming an existing list (right-click a list and choose new patch name list from the popup menu), but since the instrument definition we imported for the xp-10 includes a list called roland xp-10 use...

  • Page 517: Using System

    English using system exclusive data sonar’s system exclusive (sysx) librarian provides you with 8192 banks in which to hold midi system exclusive messages. A bank is a storage area plus some associated parameters such as a destination output and an optional description. Each bank can hold any number...

  • Page 518

    518 : what is system exclusive? System exclusive data is midi’s way of letting each synthesizer manufacturer transmit private data about its products. A system exclusive message has a manufacturer id; the rest of the message is completely proprietary and varies for each manufacturer, even for each o...

  • Page 519

    519 engl ish 2. Click the auto send bank button . A checkmark appears next to the bank name in the auto column to show that the bank is marked for auto-sending. 3. While the bank is still highlighted, click the output button to open the sysx bank output dialog. 4. Enter the number of the output you ...

  • Page 520

    520 : after you close the editing window, your new bank appears in the sysx view. Use the buttons in the toolbar to name it, give it an output number, and mark it for auto-sending, if you want. Save your project when you’re finished. To dump a sysx bank into sonar 1. Choose options-global and click ...

  • Page 521

    521 engl ish 6. Once the bytes received count stops increasing, you can click done to tell sonar to stop receiving. However, if your synthesizer also displays a message when the instrument is finished sending a bank, wait until that message says the transmission is finished before you click done. Th...

  • Page 522

    522 : save your project when you’re finished. Sysx view buttons here is a description of the buttons in the sysx view. Send send transmits the current bank’s system exclusive message. If nothing seems to happen, make sure you have correctly set the output (see later in this chapter). This button is ...

  • Page 523

    523 engl ish patch-editing programs available that let you edit data using sliders and other tools rather than raw hex data). When you select a bank and click the edit bytes button, sonar converts the binary data into a text representation and pops up the edit system exclusive bytes dialog box, in w...

  • Page 524

    524 : you don’t need to use sysx meta-events for sending system exclusive information at the beginning of your project. Instead, use the auto option for system exclusive banks. Banks that are marked auto are transmitted automatically by sonar when it loads the project file they are stored in. Use th...

  • Page 525

    525 engl ish sysxsenddelaymsecs=n this setting causes sonar to delay n milliseconds if it encounters an f7 in a system exclusive bank, but only if the line sysxdelayafterf7=n is not zero. The line sysxdelayafterf7=n enables a delay between sysx messages, while the line sysxsenddelaymsecs=n sets the ...

  • Page 526

    526 : my equipment is not receiving sysx from sonar make sure the instrument is set up to receive system exclusive messages. In the sysx view, make sure the right output is selected. Verify that the sysx message originally transmitted from the same kind of instrument. An instrument will not recogniz...

  • Page 527: Synchronizing Your

    English synchronizing your gear your computer is often used with other equipment: sound cards, midi equipment, and digital tape decks or other digital recording tools. All these devices can have their own built- in clocks or timing mechanisms. When several pieces of equipment are used together, it’s...

  • Page 528

    528 : synchronization overview sonar supports several different types of synchronization, which rely on a variety of different clock sources: when you use either the internal or audio clock, sonar can control other midi devices using midi sync. In this case, sonar is the “master” device and the othe...

  • Page 529

    529 engl ish many technical support requests concern synchronization problems, which are among the hardest to diagnose and duplicate over the phone. If you experience problems, before you call, perform as much experimentation and gather as much information as possible about what does and doesn’t wor...

  • Page 530

    530 : the following midi messages are sent by the master device to support midi sync: when you start playback on the master midi device, for example, it sends a start message to all slave devices, announcing that playback has started. If the slave devices are set up correctly, they receive the messa...

  • Page 531

    531 engl ish from now on, sonar starts playback and recording only after the appropriate message is received from the master device. Sonar as the master there are several options, found on the sync tab of the project options dialog box, which you can use when sonar is the midi sync master device: to...

  • Page 532

    532 : 7. In the midi sync output ports field, check off the output ports that you want to send the sync signal out of. 8. Click ok. From now on, the transport controls in sonar control playback on the external midi devices. Using midi sync with drum machines the most flexible way to use a midi drum ...

  • Page 533

    533 engl ish to enter an offset 1. Select options-project. The project options dialog appears. 2. Click on the clock tab. 3. In the clock tab, enter an offset in the smpte/mtc offset field. To enter an offset of 15 seconds, type 0,0,15 and hit enter. The smpte/mtc offset value should now be 00:00:15...

  • Page 534

    534 : to use sonar as the master mtc generator 1. Configure the clocks on each external device that you want to synchronize to receive smpte/mtc. Make sure they’re connected to midi outputs from your computer or midi interface. 2. Click or on sonar’s sync toolbar to use the internal or audio clock s...

  • Page 535

    535 engl ish when sonar is the slave, here’s how things work: • sonar monitors for a smpte/mtc signal. You are able to perform other action in sonar while waiting for the signal. • start playback on the external device. It takes about two seconds for sonar to lock from the time it receives time code...

  • Page 536

    536 : smpte/mtc sync and full chase lock when using smpte/mtc sync with full chase lock, the first time you play any audio the pitch may fluctuate wildly for up to 30 seconds. Also, you may occasionally note the pitch of the audio sounding consistently high or low pitch. A simple analogy makes this ...

  • Page 537

    537 engl ish midi machine control (mmc) midi machine control (mmc) is a protocol that controls an mmc-equipped remote device via midi. Sonar lets you use mmc to start and stop playback and recording on remote midi devices such as tape decks, video recorders, and even other software packages. If you ...

  • Page 538

    538 : to configure midi machine control 1. Choose options-project, and click the clock tab. 2. Select smpte/mtc as the clock source. 3. Click the midi out tab. 4. Check the transmit mmc box. 5. Enter the id of the master timing device in the time code master’s unit id box. 6. Click ok. Mmc is now en...

  • Page 539: Audio File

    English audio file management project files in sonar do not contain the digital audio itself. A sonar project file (. Cwp ) references the audio contained in the project, so care must be taken when backing up your digital audio projects. This chapter covers file management, including backing up your...

  • Page 540

    540 : the project files dialog sonar projects, extension . Cwp , contain all your project information with the exception of your digital audio data. This data is stored in a separate folder or folders. You can opt to save the audio data for all of your projects in a single audio folder, or create mu...

  • Page 541

    541 engl ish project files and bundle files sonar project files contain various project settings, any midi data, and references which "point" to audio clip data. The audio data (and video data) itself is not saved in a project file. To save audio as well, save your project as a bundle file (extensio...

  • Page 542

    542 : 5. Click ok. Audio folders by default, sonar stores audio data separately from the rest of your projects, as wave files placed into a special folder called the global audio folder, the location of which is listed in the global audio folder field on the audio data tab in the global options dial...

  • Page 543

    543 engl ish note: if you want to use per-project audio folders, but you don’t want to choose a folder and fill out the new project file dialog every time you open a new project, you can choose to load the normal template file every time you use the file-new command. This way you can start using the...

  • Page 544

    544 : imported audio files by default, sonar will make a copy of any audio data imported using the file-import-audio command and place the imported audio into the project’s audio folder. You can configure sonar to simply reference audio from its current location if, for example, you want to import l...

  • Page 545

    545 engl ish to backup projects using per-project audio folders use this procedure to create a backup of a project that has its own project folder. 1. Open the project you want to backup. 2. Select file-project audio files. The project files dialog appears. 3. In the project files dialog, check the ...

  • Page 546

    546 : deleting unused audio files the tools-clean audio folder command is used to delete digital audio files in an audio folder if they are no longer used by any of your projects. You should use this command from time to time to free up disk space. This command searches your entire system for projec...

  • Page 547: Improving Audio

    English improving audio performance digital audio presents several challenges: it is large, using enormous amounts of disk space, especially at higher sampling rates and bit-depths, and it is cpu-intensive. Added to this mix is the wide variety of audio hardware available today. This chapter covers ...

  • Page 548

    548 : system configuration this section covers optimizing your system configuration to work with sonar. The wave profiler the wave profiler is a utility that analyzes the sound cards in your computer and determines the best dma (direct memory access) settings for communicating with sonar. These dma ...

  • Page 549

    549 engl ish • to disable an audio device, click the name of the device so that it is not highlighted. 3. Click ok. Disabling a device in the audio options dialog box usually prevents conflicts with other audio devices. Occasionally you may need to disable a device in the windows control panel. Sona...

  • Page 550

    550 : to import audio that has a different sampling rate • use the file-import audio command to import the audio file(s) (this converts them to the project sampling rate). Bit depths, and float resolution sonar supports all common bit depths. Sonar’s 32-bit capability provides full floating-point re...

  • Page 551

    551 engl ish to rewrite audio files at different bit depths 1. Use the tools-change audio format command to open the change audio format dialog. 2. Choose a new bit depth in the new bit depth field. 3. If you’re changing to 16 bits, you can check or uncheck the apply dither checkbox. Dithering means...

  • Page 552

    552 : 3. Choose other options and click ok. Bit depths for rendering audio you can choose the bit depth that sonar uses for such operations as bouncing tracks, freezing tracks, and applying effects. This bit depth is set at 32 by default, which is a good place to leave it. With 32-bit resolution (fl...

  • Page 553

    553 engl ish improving performance with digital audio when a project contains many tracks of digital audio or when many real-time effects are in use, your computer may have difficulty keeping up during playback. When this occurs, you'll hear portions of the audio drop out, stutter, or pop. Or maybe ...

  • Page 554

    554 : digital audio files and storage digital audio requires a large amount of disk storage. The table below shows the disk space requirements in megabytes for a single minute of digital audio in mono and stereo at various sampling rates: for more information, consult the online help topic, dropouts...

  • Page 555

    555 engl ish mixing latency sonar has a slider in the audio options dialog box, on the general tab, to set mixing latency. Mixing latency is the amount of time sonar allocates to prepare a buffer full of audio data for playback. Lower latency settings add processing time because of the need to refil...

  • Page 556

    556 : • mute—whenever a track is muted, the mute indicator lights up. You can click the mute indicator to unmute all muted tracks. • solo—whenever a track is soloed, the solo indicator lights up. You can click the solo indicator to unsolo all soloed tracks. • arm—whenever a track is armed for record...

  • Page 557: Appendix A:

    English appendix a: troubleshooting if you’re having a problem with sonar, don’t panic. This appendix lists some common problems and how to solve them. If you don’t find an answer here, there are two other important places to look for help: • check the readme file that came with your software. It co...

  • Page 558

    558 if none of these suggestions works, check our website for additional suggestions or contact technical support. No midi output device is selected. Choose options-midi devices, and check the output device list. Make sure that your computer sound card is highlighted and at the top of the list. If t...

  • Page 559

    559 es pa ñol i can’t record from my midi instrument if you are unable to record music from your electronic keyboard, synthesizer, or other midi instrument, first test to see if you are able to play back a project through the keyboard. Then try the following: if none of these suggestions works, chec...

  • Page 560

    560 when i play a file containing audio, the audio portion doesn’t play open a bundle file ( . Cwb ) and click the play button. Do you hear the audio tracks in the project (there may be midi tracks in the bundle file, so you must mute them). If not, try the following: if none of these suggestions wo...

  • Page 561

    561 es pa ñol if these suggestions don’t work, check our website for additional suggestions or contact technical support. My track or bus fader is maximized, but there’s no sound or level sonar has two modes that govern how fader levels function: envelope mode and offset mode. In envelope mode, any ...

  • Page 562

    562 how do i use sonar to access all the sounds on my midi instrument? Sonar is normally set up to access the 128 sounds that are part of the general midi standard. Sonar also includes custom instrument definitions that match the sounds on many popular instruments. To use a custom instrument definit...

  • Page 563

    563 es pa ñol 1. Place your cursor over the splitter bar. It is located on the far right side of the track view, just to the left of the vertical scroll bar. When you place the cursor over the splitter it changes to a double-headed arrow. 2. Click and drag the splitter bar to the left. You should be...

  • Page 564

    564 why do i get errors from the wave profiler? Audio devices such as voice modems or speakerphone devices can cause an error message when running the wave profiler. Sometimes these errors are harmless; on other occasions you need to disable the voice modem or speaker-phone device before running the...

  • Page 565

    565 es pa ñol no sound from my soft synth use the following table to troubleshoot problems hearing a synth in sonar: my pro audio 9 files sound louder/softer when i open them in sonar pro audio 9 has a setting in the audio options dialog box called midi volume mapping. This setting determines how ma...

  • Page 566

    566 4. Reopen the pro audio file in sonar. If the volume sounds correct, save the file in sonar. If other pro audio 9 files were opening correctly in sonar, change the vomethod=n line in sonar’s aud . Ini file back to what it originally was, and re-save the file. I can’t open my project your project...

  • Page 567: Appendix B:

    English appendix b: hardware setup this appendix contains additional details on configuring your equipment for use with sonar. Connect your midi equipment if you are using a midi interface (such as an mpu-401 or sound blaster midi option) with an external midi keyboard, you need to connect the equip...

  • Page 568

    568 if your keyboard has a midi thru jack if your keyboard has three midi jacks—in, out, and thru—then use the following diagram. If you are using a 15-pin joystick adapter cable that splits into two midi cables: • connect the 15-pin jack to your computer’s joystick port. • connect the in cable to y...

  • Page 569

    569 es pa ñol if your master keyboard now seems to double notes (they sound thicker), or if you can play only one half as many notes at once, first make sure that no midi channel is being used by more than one of your midi devices. If no midi channel is assigned to duplicate devices and you hear dou...

  • Page 570

    570 set up to record digital audio in general, the inputs of sound cards take 1/8” stereo mini-jacks. Sound cards usually have two inputs—one for line level inputs and the other for microphones (at mic level). The line level input is stereo; the mic input could be either stereo or mono. If your fina...

  • Page 571

    571 es pa ñol electric guitar through effects rack you can also plug an electric guitar into an effects rack, then send the output of the rack to the sound card’s input, as shown in the following diagram: this diagram assumes that the output of the rack is at line level. If it is at pro level instea...

  • Page 572

    572 microphone direct-in microphones can be plugged into the sound card’s mic input. Some inexpensive microphones are made especially for use with sound cards and come equipped with 1/8” jacks. However, better quality microphones take better quality cables, which do not terminate in 1/8” jacks. The ...

  • Page 573

    573 es pa ñol mixer you can connect a mixer to the sound card with a setup of the following kind: note: if your mixer has buses, use them! This helps avoid feedback..

  • Page 574

    574.

  • Page 575: Appendix C: New

    English appendix c: new features in sonar 5 sonar 5 has many new features (some features are in sonar producer only). The following is a list of each new feature, and a brief description. V-vocal the new v-vocal feature integrates roland’s variphrase technology directly into sonar producer. V-vocal ...

  • Page 576

    576 for more information, see “displaying notes and controllers (piano roll view only)” on page 248, “adding and editing controllers in the piano roll view” on page 254, and “adding and editing notes in the piano roll view” on page 249. Improved midi step recording step recording now gives you immed...

  • Page 577

    577 es pa ñol float file support and multiple bit depths you can now play files of different bit depths in the same project. You can choose bit depths for playback, recording, importing, exporting, and processing (bouncing, freezing, applying effects). 32-bit support for these functions gives you fu...

  • Page 578

    578 lock track height you can now lock a track’s height so that the height stays the same when you use a zoom or fit command. See “to lock or unlock the height of a track” on page 188 for more information. Insert multiple tracks you can now insert multiple tracks, both audio and midi, with one comma...

  • Page 579

    579 es pa ñol audio meter enhancements you now have the option of using segmented or non-segmented meters in the track and console views. Meter colors are also now customizable in the colors dialog. See “segmented and non-segmented meters” on page 381 for more information. Enhanced preset management...

  • Page 580

    580

  • Page 581: Symbols

    Symbols . Cwb files 179 size limitation of 541 . Cwp files 35 . Cwt files 461 . Mid files 179 . Syx files 517 , 523 . Tpl files 461 numerics 24-bit problems 563 64-bit audio engine 576 96 khz audio and plug-ins 556 a acid files saving a loop as 238 acidized files tutorial 84 acidized loops 234 savin...

  • Page 582

    582 under smpte/mtc sync 536 where it is stored 542 audio 152 , 548 audio cd how to create 413 audio clips 321 bounce to clip(s) 327 changing name off 323 changing start time of 323 combining 327 – 328 copying 323 deleting 323 moving 323 pasting 323 properties of 323 splitting 326 , 327 to turn off ...

  • Page 583

    583 drawing envelopes on clips 447 enable automation playback button 439 envelope tool 442 faders and knobs in console view 441 jump 443 methods 441 quick guide 440 reassigning envelopes to other parameters 454 record automation button 441 recording automation from an external controller 454 recordi...

  • Page 584

    584 c cakewalk fx stereo reverb 296 , 347 cakewalk pitch shifter 346 cakewalk time/pitch stretch 347 – 348 cd creating 413 quality 320 sampling rate 151 cd burning preparing audio with higher bit and/or sample rates 549 preparing higher resolution audio for cd burning 552 cd player connecting to 572...

  • Page 585

    585 combining clips 208 comping takes 210 confidence recording 159 connecting electric guitar 30 microphone 31 console view adjusting knobs in 366 automating controls in 441 choosing inputs in 154 , 155 controls 366 linking controls in 404 – 408 modules 365 mute and solo in 113 overview 41 consolida...

  • Page 586

    586 delay adding 296 delete 189 digital audio recording see recording audio digital audio see audio digital distortion 157 diminuendo 486 dirty flag in presets 389 disk meter 555 disks caching 554 compressed 553 fragmented 554 storage requirements 554 displacement 316 dithering 419 during rewrite pr...

  • Page 587

    587 editing midi tutorial 75 edit-paste arranging clips using 191 importing tracks from a project using 176 pasting envelopes using 449 edit-redo 152 edit-select-by time 201 edit-select-none 201 edit-split splitting clips using 208 edit-undo 152 , 189 effects adding 127 adding in the track view 218 ...

  • Page 588

    588 searching for 282 selecting 285 shifting in time 263 shifting the time of 130 shrink using percentages 266 step by step playback 294 stretch using percentages 266 stretching and shrinking 265 transposing selected 262 xrpn 284 exporting audio 413 , 414 mp3s 417 projects as omf files 418 windows m...

  • Page 589

    589 fit to time 219 float file support 550 floating a view 461 floating views 460 dual monitor support 47 follow bus pan 377 follow track pan 374 forums cakewalk xxiv freezing tracks and synths 384 frequency 316 fundamental 317 fretboard changing appearance 489 displaying 471 hiding 471 fretboard pa...

  • Page 590

    590 grouping surround panner controls 431 guitar adding chord grid 484 recording separate strings 173 guitar, electric connecting 570 – 571 h hairpin event 291 hairpin symbols 482 , 486 adding 486 hardware setup 567 height of tracks locking 188 help online xxiv help menu quick start 32 help, online ...

  • Page 591

    591 choosing an 125 parameter 120 track settings 115 wrong, on playback 561 see also instruments instruments accessing all sounds on 562 assigning, to outputs 504 – 505 bank assignments 509 – 510 defining 506 – 508 deleting 507 non-concert key 129 , 498 patch names for 510 – 511 problems recording f...

  • Page 592

    592 loop recording 163 using 163 loop/auto shuttle settings 111 toolbar 111 looping delays 131 enabling loops for 233 setting up 110 – 112 using punch-in while 166 loops 227 acidized 234 converting to groove clips 235 creating repetitions of 233 dragging into project 233 enabling looping of 233 groo...

  • Page 593

    593 configuring display of 380 improving performance 382 playback and record 368 segmented 381 metronome 148 audio 148 changing settings 150 setting for new project 149 setting the 148 – 150 using 148 microphone connecting 31 , 572 midi advantages of 27 as remote control 410 assigning a channel 128 ...

  • Page 594

    594 driver changes 34 midi input filtering 174 midi input presets creating and editing 132 , 174 midi keyboard multiple performers on multiple tracks 133 playing multiple tracks from 132 midi notes editing using note inspector toolbar 244 midi playback live on multiple tracks 133 midi scale 258 midi...

  • Page 595

    595 normalize command 329 notation editing 472 , 481 non-concert key 498 notation and lyrics 467 note events 290 transposing pitch of 261 , 262 note map pane 310 previewing mapped sound in 310 note names of patches 511 – 512 note pane 245 note velocities editing in the drum grid pane 309 note veloci...

  • Page 596

    596 outputs 120 assigning tracks to 125 midi 124 setting 123 overlap ratio 347 overlapping clips cropping to eliminate overlap 212 overload 157 overtones 317 p pan 119 adjusting 127 envelopes 447 setting 374 track settings 119 pane 245 pane, staff 468 panning follow bus pan 377 follow track pan 374 ...

  • Page 597

    597 piano roll view 42 , 243 , 244 controllers pane 246 drum grid pane 245 editing notes in using note inspector toolbar 244 note and controllers pane 245 note map pane 245 note names in 510 opening 246 overview 42 track list pane 246 piano roll view envelopes converting to track view shapes 451 pit...

  • Page 598

    598 process-apply audio effects applying realtime audio effects using 345 process-apply midi effects apply realtime midi effects using 403 process-audio-apply audio effects apply multiple realtime effects using 402 process-audio-crossfade creating a destructive crossfade using 344 process-audio-extr...

  • Page 599

    599 offset option 275 synchronizing rhythm and solo tracks with 278 using 274 window setting 273 quantize 270 , 477 queue buffers 555 quick freeze 384 quick groups 408 quick tab creating 489 quick unfreeze 384 quicktime video, importing 135 r radio tuner connecting to 572 record 156 , 158 , 163 , 16...

  • Page 600

    600 inserting a rewire instrument 358 mixing down and bouncing rewire instruments 360 to use separate audio tracks 359 troubleshooting guide 360 rewire instruments 357 riff wave files saving a groove clip as 238 rpn (registered parameter numbers) event 290 rpns (registered parameter numbers) 287 , 2...

  • Page 601

    601 trimming 268 , 335 multiple clips 270 , 338 to permanently delete slip-edited data 270 , 337 using 268 , 335 slip-editing multiple clips 338 smpte 104 , 265 smpte synchronization frame rate 532 smpte time adjusting 137 smpte/mtc sync 532 – 537 controlling audio with 535 digital audio under 535 t...

  • Page 602

    602 using 168 using advanced mode 170 using pattern-based 172 stop 110 , 156 , 158 , 164 , 166 strength, quantizing parameter 272 , 275 striping 532 stuck note, stopping 110 surround effects 435 surround front/rear balance slider 430 surround main 424 surround mix parameters saving as presets 424 su...

  • Page 603

    603 tabbed views 46 tablature defining a style 488 editing 490 exporting as an ascii text file 491 generating 489 quick tab 489 regenerating 489 saving as an ascii text file 491 settings 488 take management 210 taskbar indicators 48 technical support xxiv templates 457 , 461 – 463 creating 462 track...

  • Page 604

    604 track current 131 layers 210 locking height of 188 show automated mute 456 track folders 216 track icons 190 track input 120 track menu archive 114 clone 188 delete 189 mute 113 property-bank 126 property-channel 129 property-inputs 173 property-key+ 129 property-pan 128 property-patch 126 prope...

  • Page 605

    605 selecting single 184 setting channels for 129 setting key offset of 129 setting time offset of 130 silencing 113 – 114 soloing 114 , 374 sort by archived 185 sort by channel 185 sort by muted 185 sort by name 185 sort by port 185 sort by selected 185 sort by size 185 sorting 185 – 186 synchroniz...

  • Page 606

    606 uninstalling sonar 29 unlink surround effect 436 updates 557 usb audio 24 bit problems 563 v vel+ 120 , 129 – 130 velocity 284 , 294 , 476 adjusting note 129 – 130 compressing 286 ctrl-key editing 252 data display 288 inverting 286 note 129 – 130 , 272 , 294 note property 476 parameter 120 , 290...

  • Page 607

    607 w wallpaper 48 – 49 wave audio event 291 wave device profiler 548 – 549 errors 564 wave files creating and exporting 414 how to export 414 importing 175 wave profiler using 33 waveform zooming in on 324 waveform preview on buses and synth tracks 383 turning off 159 waveforms 318 – 320 clipped 32...

  • Page 608

    608.

  • Page 609

    Twelve tone systems, inc. D/b/a cakewalk license agreement you should carefully read all of the following terms and conditions before using this product. Installing and using the product indicates your acceptance of these terms and conditions. If you do not agree with them, you should promptly retur...

  • Page 610

    Warranty assistance shall be directed to cakewalk at the following address: cakewalk 268 summer st. Boston, ma 02210 u.S.A. 617 423-9004 5.2. Limitations on warranties. The express warranty set forth in this article 4 is the only warranty given by cakewalk with respect to the entire product; cakewal...