Keithley 2000 User Manual

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Model 2000

Multimeter

User’s Manual

A G R E A T E R

M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E

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Summary of 2000

Page 1
Model 2000 multimeter user’s manual a g r e a t e r m e a s u r e o f c o n f i d e n c e.
Page 2: Warranty
Warranty keithley instruments, inc. Warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 3 years from date of shipment. Keithley instruments, inc. Warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskette...
Page 4: Manual Print History
Manual print history the print history shown below lists the printing dates of all revisions and addenda created for this manual. The revision level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between revisions, contain important change inf...
Page 5: Afety Precautions
The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intended for...
Page 6
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Al- ways make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured. The instrument and accessories...
Page 7: Table of Contents
Table of contents 1 general information introduction..........................................................................................1-2 feature overview..................................................................................1-2 warranty information...................................
Page 8
Trigger model (gpib operation) ....................................................... 4-29 programming syntax ......................................................................... 4-32 common commands.......................................................................... 4-39 5 scpi command ...
Page 9: List of Illustrations
List of illustrations 2 basic measurements model 2000 front panel .......................................................................2-3 model 2000 rear panel .........................................................................2-6 power module ..................................................
Page 10
Device action (trigger model)............................................................ 4-31 standard event enable register........................................................... 4-41 standard event status register ............................................................ 4-43 service reque...
Page 11: List of Tables
List of tables 2 basic measurements fuse ratings ..........................................................................................2-9 factory defaults..................................................................................2-13 crest factor limitations ................................
Page 12
E ieee-488 bus overview ieee-488 bus command summary ..................................................... E-8 hexadecimal and decimal command codes ...................................... E-11 typical addressed command sequence ............................................. E-13 typical addressed com...
Page 13
1 general information.
Page 14: Introduction
Introduction this section contains general information about the model 2000 multimeter. The information is organized as follows: • feature overview • warranty information • manual addenda • safety symbols and terms • specifications • inspection • options and accessories if you have any questions aft...
Page 15: Warranty Information
Warranty information warranty information is located at the front of this instruction manual. Should your model 2000 require warranty service, contact the keithley representative or authorized re- pair facility in your area for further information. When returning the instrument for repair, be sure t...
Page 16: Inspection
Inspection the model 2000 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit. (note: there may be a protective film over the display lens, whic...
Page 17: Options and Accessories
Options and accessories the following options and accessories are available from keithley for use with the model 2000. Scanner cards model 2000-scan: this is a 10-channel scanner card that installs in the option slot of the model 2000. Channels can be configured for 2-pole or 4-pole operation. Inclu...
Page 18: Low Thermal Probes
Low thermal probes model 8610 low thermal shorting plug: consists of four banana plugs mounted to a 1- inch square circuit board, interconnected to provide a short circuit among all plugs. Model 8611 low thermal patch leads: consists of two test leads (0.9m), each with a banana plug with a retractab...
Page 19
2 basic measurements.
Page 20: Introduction
Introduction this section summarizes front panel operation of the model 2000. It is organized as follows: • front panel summary — includes an illustration and summarizes keys, display, and connections. • rear panel summary — includes an illustration and summarizes connections. • power-up — describes...
Page 21: Front Panel Summary
Front panel summary the front panel of the model 2000 is shown in figure 2-1. This figure includes important ab- breviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. 1 function keys (shifted and unshifted) select measurement function (dc and ac voltage, dc and ac current, 2...
Page 22
) ) ) 3 shifted operation keys delay sets user delay between trigger and measurement. Hold holds reading when the selected number of samples is within the selected tol- erance. Limits sets upper and lower limit values for readings. On/off enables/disables limits; selects beeper operation for limit t...
Page 23
6 input connections input hi and lo used for making dc volts, ac volts, 2-wire resistance measurements. Amps used in conjunction with input lo to make dc current and ac cur- rent measurements. Also holds current input fuse (3a, 250v, fast blow, 5 × 20mm). Sense Ω 4 wire used with input hi and lo to ...
Page 24: Rear Panel Summary
Rear panel summary the rear panel of the model 2000 is shown in figure 2-2. This figure includes important ab- breviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. Warning: no internal operator servicable parts,service by qualified personnel only. Warning: no internal opera...
Page 25
1 option slot an optional scanner card (model 2000-scan, 2001-scan, or 2001-tcscan) installs in this slot. 2 input connections input hi and lo used for making dc volts, ac volts, 2-wire resistance measurements and for connecting scanner card. Sense Ω 4 wire used with input hi and lo to make 4-wire r...
Page 26: Power-Up
Power-up line power connection follow the procedure below to connect the model 2000 to line power and turn on the instrument. 1. Check to see that the line voltage selected on the rear panel (see figure 2-3) is correct for the operating voltage in your area. If not, refer to the next procedure, “set...
Page 27
Setting line voltage and replacing fuse a rear panel fuse located next to the ac receptacle protects the power line input of the instru- ment. If the line voltage setting needs to be changed or the line fuse needs to be replaced, per- form the following steps. Warning make sure the instrument is dis...
Page 28: Power-Up Sequence
Power-up sequence on power-up, the model 2000 performs self-tests on its eprom and ram and momentarily lights all segments and annunciators. If a failure is detected, the instrument momentarily dis- plays an error message and the err annunciator turns on. (error messages are listed in appen- dix b.)...
Page 29
High energy circuit safety precautions to optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits, read and use the directions in the following warning. Warning dangerous arcs of an explosive nature in a high energy circuit can cause severe personal injury or death. If the multim...
Page 30: Power-On Defaults
Power-on defaults power-on defaults are the settings the instrument assumes when it is turned on. The model 2000 offers two choices for the settings: factory and user. The power-on default will be the last configuration you saved. The save and setup keys select the two choices of power-on defaults. ...
Page 31
Table 2-2 factory defaults setting factory default autozero buffer continuity beeper digits rate threshold current (ac and dc) digits (ac) digits (dc) filter count mode range relative value rate (ac) rate (dc) diode test digits range rate frequency and period digits range relative value rate functio...
Page 32
Resistance (2-wire and 4-wire) digits filter count mode range relative value rate rs-232 baud flow tx term scanning channels mode temperature digits filter count mode junction temperature relative value rate thermocouple units triggers continuous delay source ½ on 10 moving average auto off 0.0 med...
Page 33
Voltage (ac and dc) db reference dbm reference digits (ac) digits (dc) filter count mode range relative value rate (ac) rate (dc) no effect 75 Ω 5 ½ ½ on 10 moving average auto off 0.0 medium* medium (1 plc) *detector:bandwidth 30 table 2-2 (cont.) factory defaults setting factory default basic mea...
Page 34: Gpib Primary Address
Gpib primary address the gpib primary address of the instrument must be the same as the primary address you specify in the controller’s programming language. The default primary address of the instru- ment is 16, but you can set the address to any value from 0 to 30 by using the following step by st...
Page 35: Display
Display the display of the model 2000 is primarily used to display readings, along with the units and type of measurement. Annunciators are located on the top, bottom, right, and left of the reading or message display. The annunciators indicate various states of operation. See figure 2-1 for a compl...
Page 36: Measuring Voltage
Measuring voltage the model 2000 can make dcv measurements from 0.1µv to 1000v and acv measure- ments from 0.1µv to 750v rms, 1000v peak. Connections assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: 1. Connect test leads to the input hi and lo terminals. Either the front or re...
Page 37: Low Level Considerations
Low level considerations for sensitive measurements, external considerations beyond the model 2000 affect the accu- racy. Effects not noticeable when working with higher voltages are significant in microvolt sig- nals. The model 2000 reads only the signal received at its input; therefore, it is impo...
Page 38
Thermal emfs thermal emfs (thermoelectric potentials) are generated by thermal differences between the junctions of dissimilar metals. These can be large compared to the signal that the model 2000 can measure. Thermal emfs can cause the following conditions: • instability or zero offset is much high...
Page 39
Ac voltage offset the model 2000, at 5 ½ digits resolution, will typically display 100 counts of offset on ac volts with the input shorted. This offset is caused by the offset of the trms converter. This offset will not affect reading accuracy and should not be zeroed out using the rel feature. The ...
Page 40: Measuring Current
Measuring current the model 2000 can make dci measurements from 10na to 3a and aci measurements from 1µam to 3a rms. Note see the previous discussion about crest factor in “measuring voltage” in this section. Connections assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: 1. Conn...
Page 41: Amps Fuse Replacement
Amps fuse replacement warning make sure the instrument is disconnected from the power line and other equipment before replacing the amps fuse. 1. Turn off the power and disconnect the power line and test leads. 2. From the front panel, gently push in the amps jack with your thumb and rotate the fuse...
Page 42: Measuring Resistance
Measuring resistance the model 2000 can make 2-wire and 4-wire resistance measurements from 100µ Ω to 120m Ω . Connections assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: 1. Connect test leads to the model 2000 as follows: a. For Ω 2-wire, connect the test leads to input hi a...
Page 43: Shielding
Shielding to achieve a stable reading, it helps to shield resistances greater than 100k Ω . Place the resis- tance in a shielded enclosure and connect the shield to the input lo terminal of the instrument electrically. See section 3—measurement options for information that explains the configuration...
Page 44: Trigger Level
Measuring frequency and period the model 2000 can make frequency measurements from 3hz to 500khz on voltage ranges of 100mv, 1v, 10v, 100v, and 750v. Period measurements can be taken from 2µs to 333ms on the same voltage ranges as the frequency. The instrument uses the volts input terminals to measu...
Page 45: Connections
Connections assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: 1. Connect test leads to the input hi and lo terminals of the model 2000. Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the inputs button in the appropriate position. 2. Select the freq or period function. 3. Co...
Page 46: Measuring Temperature
Measuring temperature the model 2000 measures temperature with thermocouples. The temperature measurement ranges available depend on the type of thermocouple chosen. Thermocouples can be connected to the model 2001-tcscan card, which plugs into the op- tion slot of the model 2000, or to an external ...
Page 47: Configuration
Configuration the following information explains the various configuration options for temperature mea surements. To select and configure the thermocouple measurement: press shift then tcoupl. Three choices are available using the ▲ and ▼ keys: • units — c, k, f (centigrade, kelvin, fahrenheit). Thi...
Page 48: Math
Math model 2000 math operations are divided into four categories: • mx+b and percent • dbm and db calculations • statistics of buffered readings • limit testing the first two categories are discussed here; buffered reading statistics and reading limit test- ing are described in section 3 — measureme...
Page 49: Percent
Configuration to configure the mx+b calculation, perform the following steps: 1. Press shift then mx+b to display the present scale factor: m: +1.000000 ^ 2. Enter a value and units prefix. Use the and keys to choose a numerical place and use the ▲ and ▼ keys to increment or decrement the digits. 3....
Page 50: Dbm Calculation
Dbm calculation dbm is defined as decibels above or below a 1mw reference. With a user-programmable ref- erence impedance, the model 2000 reads 0dbm when the voltage needed to dissipate 1mw through the reference impedance is applied. The relationship between dbm, a reference imped- ance, and the vol...
Page 51: Db Calculation
Db calculation expressing dc or ac voltage in db makes it possible to compress a large range of measure- ments into a much smaller scope. The relationship between db and voltage is defined by the following equation: where: v in is the dc or ac input signal. V ref is the specified voltage reference l...
Page 52: Measuring Continuity
Measuring continuity the model 2000 uses the 1k Ω range to measure circuit continuity. After selecting continuity, the unit prompts you for a threshold resistance level (1 Ω -1000 Ω ). The model 2000 alerts you with a beep when a reading is below the set level. To measure the continuity of a circuit...
Page 53: Testing Diodes
Testing diodes with a model 2000, you can measure the forward voltage drop of general-purpose diodes and the zener voltage of zener diodes. To test diodes, press shift then , set the test current range, connect the diode, and take a reading from the display. Note diode test has a non-selectable read...
Page 54
2-36 basic measurements.
Page 55
3 measurement options.
Page 56: Introduction
Introduction this section describes the front panel features of the model 2000. For those measurement op- tions accessible only by a remote interface, refer to sections 4 and 5. This section is organized as follows: • measurement configuration — describes ranging, filtering, relative readings, digit...
Page 57: Measurement Configuration
Measurement configuration the following paragraphs discuss configuring the multimeter for making measurements. See the end of appendix a for information about optimizing readings for speed or accuracy. Range the selected measurement range affects both the ultimate digits and accuracy of the measure-...
Page 58: Filter
Filter filter lets you set the filter response to stabilize noisy measurements. The model 2000 uses a digital filter, which is based on reading conversions. The displayed, stored, or transmitted read- ing is simply an average of a number of reading conversions (from 1 to 100). To select a filter: 1....
Page 59: Relative
Response time the filter parameters have speed and accuracy tradeoffs for the time needed to display, store, or output a filtered reading. These affect the number of reading conversions for speed versus ac- curacy and response to input signal changes. Relative the rel (relative) function can be used...
Page 60: Rate
Rate the rate operation sets the integration time of the a/d converter, the period of time the in- put signal is measured (also known as aperture). The integration time affects the usable digits, the amount of reading noise, as well as the ultimate reading rate of the instrument. The integra- tion t...
Page 61
Bandwidth the rate setting for ac voltage and current measurements determines the bandwidth setting: • slow — 3hz to 300khz. • medium — 30hz to 300khz. • fast — 300hz to 300khz. Bandwidth is used to specify the lowest frequency of interest. When the slow bandwidth (3hz to 300khz) is chosen, the sign...
Page 62: Trigger Operations
Trigger operations the following paragraphs discuss front panel triggering, the programmable trigger delay, the reading hold feature, and external triggering. Trigger model the flowchart of figure 3-2 summarizes triggering as viewed from the front panel. It is called a trigger model because it is mo...
Page 63
Delay a programmable delay is available after event detection. It can be set manually or an auto de- lay can be used. With auto delay, the model 2000 selects a delay based on the function and range. The auto settings are listed in table 3-2. The delay function is accessed by pressing the shift-delay...
Page 64: Reading Hold (Autosettle)
Device actions the primary device action is a measurement. However, the device action block could include the following additional actions: • filtering — if the repeating filter is enabled, the instrument samples the specified num- ber of reading conversions to yeildl single filtered reading. Only o...
Page 65: External Triggering
Hold example 1. Enable hold, select a window percentage and enter a count. 2. Apply test probes to a signal. Once the signal becomes stable enough to satisfy the hold condition, the reading is released, and the beeper sounds (if enabled). 3. Remove the hold condition by lifting the probes. Hold will...
Page 66
External trigger the ext trig input requires a falling-edge, ttl-compatible pulse with the specifications shown in figure 3-4. In general, external triggers can be used to control measure operations. For the model 2000 to respond to external triggers, the trigger model must be configured for it. Vol...
Page 67
The trigger link connections for this test system are shown in figure 3-7. Trigger link of the model 2000 is connected to trigger link (either in or out) of the model 7001/7002. Note that with the default trigger settings on the model 7001/7002, line #1 is an input and line #2 is an output. This com...
Page 68
Press step on the model 7001/7002 to take it out of idle and start the scan. The scanner's output pulse triggers the model 2000 to take a reading, store it, and send a trigger pulse. The following explanation on operation is referenced to the operation model shown in figure 3-8. Idle bypass b wait f...
Page 69
Pressing ext trig then step or scan on the multimeter places it at point a in the flowchart, where it is waiting for an external trigger. Pressing step takes the model 7001/7002 out of the idle state and places operation at point b in the flowchart. For the first pass through the model, the scanner ...
Page 70
External triggering with bnc connections an adapter cable is available to connect the micro-din trigger link of the model 2000 to instruments with bnc trigger connections. The model 8503 din to bnc trigger cable has a micro-din connector at one end and two bnc connectors at the other end. The bnc ca...
Page 71: Buffer Operations
Buffer operations the model 2000 has a buffer to store from two to 1024 readings and units. It also stores the channel number for scanned readings and overflow readings. In addition, recalled data includes statistical information, such as minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation. The buffer...
Page 72: Recalling Readings
Recalling readings use the following steps to view stored readings and buffer statistics: 1. Press recall. The buffer annunciator indicates that stored readings are being dis- played. The arrow annunciator indicates that more data can be viewed with the , , ▲, and ▼ keys. 2. As shown in figure 3-10,...
Page 73: Buffer Statistics
Buffer statistics the max at and min at values are the maximum and minimum values in the buffer. The average value is the mean of the buffered readings. The equation used to calculate the mean is: where: xi is a stored reading n is the number of stored readings the std dev value is the standard devi...
Page 74: Limit Operations
Limit operations limit operations set and control the values that determine the hi / in / lo status of subse- quent measurements. Limits can be applied to all measurement functions except continuity. The limit test is performed after mx+b and percent math operations. Unit prefixes are applied before...
Page 75: Enabling Limits
Enabling limits use the following procedure to turn on the limits operation: 1. Press the shift-on/off keys to view the present beeper status: beep: never 2. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to change the beeper status (never, outside, inside). Press enter when done. When the multimeter returns to the normal di...
Page 76: Scan Operations
Scan operations the model 2000 can be used with an internal scanner card (model 2000 scan or 2001-tcs- can) or with external scanner cards installed in switching mainframes such as the models 707, 7001, and 7002. The following paragraphs discuss various aspects of using scanning with the model 2000....
Page 77: Front Panel Scanner Controls
Front panel scanner controls in addition to the trigger keys discussed previously, front panel keys that affect scanner card operation include: • and — allow you to manually step through consecutive internal card channels. • open and close — let you selectively open and close internal card channels....
Page 78
Stepping and scanning trigger model additions the trigger model presented in “trigger operations” earlier in this section has some addition- al capabilities when stepping or scanning. These are outlined below: • timer — with this control source, event detection is immediately satisfied on the initia...
Page 79
Idle control source immediate external timer event detection delay device action output trigger more readings ? Reading count (trigger counter) yes no more channels ? Yes no scan list length (sample counter) figure 3-13 front panel trig- gering with scan- ning measurement options 3-25.
Page 80
Using shift-config to configure stepping and scanning from the shift-config key combination, you can select internal or external scanning, the minimum and maximum channels in the scan list, the time between scans, and the reading count. 1. To configure stepping or scanning, perform the following: 2....
Page 81: Scanning Examples
Scanning examples the following examples demonstrate the use of reading count, timed scans, delay, and exter- nal scanning. Counters one of the configuration options for stepping and scanning is the reading count. The example of figure 3-14 shows how different settings of rdg cnt affect these operat...
Page 82
Note if the reading count divided by the scan list length is not an integer, it is rounded up. For example, if the reading count is 15 and the scan list length is 10, there will be two output triggers for scanning. The differences between stepping and scanning counters for bus commands are summarize...
Page 83
Type:int min chan: 1 max chan: 10 timer? Timer? On 00h:00m:05.000s rdg cnt: 0010 step 10 channel closures at 5-second intervals 10 output triggers scan 10 channel closures 1 output trigger recall 10 readings rdg cnt: 0010 delay: man 00h:00m:05.000s step 10 channel closures at 5-second intervals 10 o...
Page 84
External scanning the example of figure 3-16 shows the front panel operations to configure an external scan. The trigger and signal connections were shown previously in “trigger operations”. Both instru- ment setups assume factory defaults. Set the model 2000 for the desired measurement function. On...
Page 85
Model 7001 (from "reset setup") scan channels 1!1-1!10 configure scan chan-control channel-spacing triglink asynchronous chan-count 10 scan-control scan-count 1 model 2000 (from "factory setup") shift-config type:ext min chan: 001 max chan: 010 timer? Off rdg cnt: 0010 enter ex trig step or scan ste...
Page 86: System Operations
System operations the model 2000 has other front panel operations. Saving and restoring setup information is described in section 2 — basic measurements. Selecting the remote interface and language is covered in section 4 — remote operation. Self-test the test selections are used as diagnostic tools...
Page 87
4 remote operation.
Page 88: Introduction
Introduction this section includes the following information: • selecting an interface • selecting a language • rs-232 operation • gpib bus operation and reference • status structure • trigger model (gpib operation) • programming syntax • common commands selecting an interface the model 2000 multime...
Page 89: Rs-232
Rs-232 you can connect a controller to the rs-232 interface. Some considerations for selecting the rs-232 interface are the following: • you must define the baud rate, enable or disable software handshake xon/xof. • you can only use the scpi programming language with the rs-232 interface. To select ...
Page 90: Selecting A Language
Selecting a language choose one of three languages to program the model 2000 multimeter: • scpi (signal oriented measurement commands) • keithley models 196/199 digital multimeter • fluke model 8840a/8842a digital multimeter the factory sets the language selection as scpi. You only can select a prog...
Page 91: Scpi
Scpi standard commands for programmable instruments (scpi) is fully supported by the gpib and rs-232 interfaces. Always calibrate the model 2000 multimeter using the scpi language. Keithley models 196/199 digital multimeter the model 2000 multimeter implements virtually all commands available in the...
Page 92: Rs-232 Operation
Rs-232 operation sending and receiving data the rs-232 interface transfers data using 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. Make sure the controller you connect to the multimeter also uses these settings. You can break data transmissions by sending a ^c or ^x character string to the multimeter. Th...
Page 93: Setting Terminator
Selecting signal handshaking (flow control) signal handshaking between the controller and the instrument allows the two devices to com- municate to each other regarding being ready or not ready to receive data. The model 2000 does not support hardware handshaking (flow control). Software flow contro...
Page 94: Rs-232 Connections
Rs-232 connections the rs-232 serial port can be connected to the serial port of a controller (i.E., personal com- puter) using a straight through rs-232 cable terminated with db-9 connectors. Do not use a null modem cable . The serial port uses the transmit (txd), receive (rxd) and signal ground (g...
Page 95: Introduction
Gpib bus operation and reference introduction this section contains information about connecting to and using the gpib (ieee-488) bus. The information is organized as follows: • gpib bus standards • gpib bus connections • selecting the primary address • quickbasic 4.5 programming • general bus comma...
Page 96: Gpib Bus Connections
Gpib bus connections to connect the model 2000 multimeter to the gpib bus, use a cable equipped with standard ieee-488 connectors as shown in figure 4-2. To allow many parallel connections to one instrument, stack the connector. Two screws are located on each connector to ensure that connections rem...
Page 97
To connect the model 2000 multimeter to the ieee-488 bus, follow these steps: 1. Line up the cable connector with the connector located on the rear panel. The connector is designed so that it will fit only one way. Figure 4-4 shows the location of the ieee- 488 connector. 2. Tighten the screws secur...
Page 98: Quickbasic 4.5 Programming
Selecting the primary address the model 2000 multimeter ships from the factory with a gpib address of 16. When the mul- timeter powers up, it momentarily displays the primary address. You can set the address to a val- ue of 0-30. Do not assign the same address to another device or to a controller th...
Page 99
About program fragments program fragments are used to demonstrate proper programming syntax. As the name im- plies, only a fragment of the whole program is used to avoid redundancy. At the beginning of each program, driver files have to be opened. The input terminator should be set for crlf. For exa...
Page 100: General Bus Commands
General bus commands general bus commands and associated statements general commands are those commands, such as dcl, that have the same general meaning regardless of the instrument. Table 4-3 lists the general bus commands along with the program- ming statement for each command, which use the keith...
Page 101
Ifc (interface clear) the ifc command is sent by the controller to place the model 2000 multimeter in the local, talker, listener idle states. The unit responds to the ifc command by canceling front panel talk or lstn lights, if the instrument was previously placed in one of those states. Note that ...
Page 102
Dcl (device clear) use the dcl command to clear the gpib interface and return it to a known state. Note that the dcl command is not an addressed command, so all instruments equipped to implement dcl will do so simultaneously. When the model 2000 multimeter receives a dcl command, it clears the input...
Page 103
Get (group execute trigger) get is a gpib trigger that is used as an arm, scan and/or measure event to control operation. The model 2000 multimeter reacts to this trigger if it is the programmed control source. The control source is programmed from the scpi: trigger subsystem. With the instrument pr...
Page 104: Front Panel Gpib Operation
Front panel gpib operation this section describes aspects of the front panel that are part of gpib operation, including messages, status indicators, and the local key. Error and status messages see section 2 for a list of error and status messages associated with ieee-488 programming. The instrument...
Page 105: Status Structure
Status structure see figure 4-5 for the model 2000 multimeters status structure. Instrument events, such as errors, are monitored and manipulated by four status register sets. Notice that these status regis- ter sets feed directly into the status byte register. More detailed illustrations of these r...
Page 106: Condition Registers
Condition registers as figure 4-5 shows, all status register sets have a condition register. A condition register is a real-time, read-only register that constantly updates to reflect the current operating conditions of the instrument. For example, while a measurement is being performed, bit b4 (mea...
Page 107: Enable Registers
Enable registers as figure 4-5 shows, each status register set has an enable register. An enable register is pro- grammed by you and serves as a mask for the corresponding event register. An event bit is masked when the corresponding bit in the enable register is cleared (0). When masked, a set bit ...
Page 108
* esr ? Pon (b7) urq (b6) cme (b5) exe (b4) dde (b3) qye (b2) (b1) (b0) or standard event status register standard event status enable register pon = power on urq = user request cme = command error exe = execution error dde = device-dependent error qye = query error opc = operation complete & = logi...
Page 109
Or bfl = buffer full bhf = buffer half full bav = buffer available & = logical and or = logical or (b15 - b12) (b10) (b9) bhf (b8) bav (b7) (b6) rav (b5) (b4) (b3) (b2) ll (b1) (b0) measurement event register (b15 - b12) measurement event enable register to measurement summary bit (msb) of status by...
Page 110: Queues
Queues the model 2000 uses two queues, which are first-in, first-out (fifo) registers: • output queue - used to hold reading and response messages • error queue - used to hold error and status messages the model 2000 multimeter status model (figure 4-5) shows how the two queues are struc- tured with...
Page 111
Status byte and service request (srq) service request is controlled by two 8-bit registers: the status byte register and the service request enable register. Figure 4-10 shows the structure of these registers. Status summary messages * stb? Serial poll osb (b7) rqs (b6) mss esb (b5) mav (b4) qsb (b3...
Page 112
Status byte register the summary messages from the status registers and queues are used to set or clear the ap- propriate bits (b0, b2, b3, b4, b5, and b7) of the status byte register. These bits do not latch, and their states (0 or 1) are solely dependent on the summary messages (0 or 1). For examp...
Page 113
Service request enable register this register is programmed by you and serves as a mask for the status summary message bits (b0, b2, b3, b4, b5, and b7) of the status byte register. When masked, a set summary bit in the status byte register cannot set bit b6 (mss/rqs) of the status byte register. Co...
Page 114
Serial poll and srq any enabled event summary bit that goes from 0 to 1 will set rqs and generate a service request (srq). In your test program, you can periodically read the status byte register to check if a service request (srq) has occurred and what caused it. If an srq occurs, the program can, ...
Page 115
Trigger model (gpib operation) this section describes how the model 2000 multimeter operates over the gpib bus. The flowchart in figure 4-11 summarizes operation over the bus and is called the trigger model. It is called the trigger model because operation is controlled by scpi commands from the tri...
Page 116: Idle and Initiate
Idle and initiate the instrument is considered to be in the idle state whenever it is not operating. While in the idle state, the instrument cannot perform any measure or scan functions. You can send two com- mands over the bus to remove the instrument from the idle state: • :initiate • :initiate:co...
Page 117
Device action — figure 4-12 provides a detailed look at the device action. If the repeat filter is enabled, then the instrument samples the specified number of reading conversions to yield a single filtered reading. If the moving filter is active, or filter is disabled, then only one reading convers...
Page 118: Programming Syntax
Programming syntax the information in this section covers syntax for both common commands and scpi com- mands. For information not covered here, see the ieee- 488.2 and scpi standards. Command words program messages are made up of one or more command words. Commands and command parameters common com...
Page 119
• parameter types: the following are some of the more common parameter types: boolean: used to enable or disable an instrument operation. 0 or off dis- ables the operation, and 1 or on enables the operation. Example: :current:ac:range:auto on enable auto ranging name parameter: select a parameter na...
Page 120: Query Commands
Query commands this type of command requests (queries) the currently programmed status. It is identified by the question mark (?) at the end of the fundamental form of the command. Most commands have a query form, example: :trigger:timer? Queries the timer interval. Most command that require a numer...
Page 121: Short-Form Rules
Short-form rules use the following rules to determine the short-form version of any scpi command: • if the length of the command word is four letters or less, no short form version exists. Example: :auto = :auto • these rules apply to command words that exceed four letters: • if the fourth letter of...
Page 122: Program Messages
Program messages a program message is made up of one or more command words sent by the computer to the instrument. Each common command is simply a three letter acronym preceded by an asterisk (*). Scpi commands are categorized in the :status subsystem and are used to help explain how command words a...
Page 123
Command path rules • each new program message must begin with the root command, unless it is optional (e.G., [:sense]). If the root is optional, simply treat a command word on the next level as the root. • the colon (:) at the beginning of a program message is optional and need not be used. Example:...
Page 124: Response Messages
Response messages a response message is the message sent by the instrument to the computer in response to a query command program message. Sending a response message after sending a query command, the response message is placed in the output queue. When the model 2000 multimeter is then addressed to...
Page 125: Common Commands
Common commands common commands (summarized in table 4-4) are device commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and defined by the ieee-488.2 standard. Table 4-4 ieee-488.2 common commands and queries mnemonic name description *cls *ese *ese? *esr? *idn? *opc *...
Page 126: *cls — Clear Status
*cls — clear status clear status registers and error queue description use the *cls command to clear (reset to 0) the bits of the following registers in the model 2000: • standard event register • operation even register • error queue • measurement event register • questionable event register this c...
Page 127
The standard event enable register is shown in figure 4-13 and includes the decimal weight of each bit. The sum of the decimal weights of the bits that you wish to be set is the parameter value that is sent with the *ese command. For example, to set the cme and qye bits of the standard event enable ...
Page 128
*esr? — event status register query read the standard event status register and clear it description use this command to acquire the value (in decimal) of the standard event register (see fig- ure 4-14). The binary equivalent of the returned decimal value determines which bits in the reg- ister are ...
Page 129
*idn? — identification query read the identification code description the identification code includes the manufacturer, model number, serial number, and firm- ware revision levels, and is sent in the following format: keithley instruments inc., model 2000, xxxxxxx, yyyyy/zzzzz where: xxxxxxx is the...
Page 130
*opc — operation complete set the opc bit in the standard event status register after all pending commands are complete description on power-up or when the *cls or *rst is executed, the model 2000 goes into the operation complete command idle state (ocis). In this state, no pending overlapped comman...
Page 131
Program fragment gosub read register 'clear register by reading it print #1, "output 16; :init 'place 2000 in idle :cont off; :abort" print #1, "output 16; :init;*opc" 'start measurements and send *opc sleep 2 'wait two seconds gosub readregister 'read register to show that opc is not set print #1, ...
Page 132
*opc? — operation complete query place a “1” in the output queue after all pending operations are completed description on power-up or when the *cls or *rst is executed, the model 2000 goes into the operation complete command query idle state (oqis). In this state, no pending overlapped commands exi...
Page 133: *rcl — Recall
Program fragment print #1, "output 16; :syst:pres" 'select defaults print #1, "output 16; :init:cont off;:abort" 'place 2000 in idle print #1, "output 16; :trig:coun 1; sour tim" print #1, "output 16; :samp:coun 5" 'program for 5 measurements and stop (idle) print #1, "output 16; :init; *opc?" 'star...
Page 134: *rst — Reset
*rst — reset return 2000 to *rst defaults description when the *rst command is sent, the model 2000 performs the following operations: 1. Returns the model 2000 to the *rst default conditions (see scpi tables). 2. Cancels all pending commands. 3. Cancels response to any previously received *opc and ...
Page 135
Sponding bit in the status byte register is set by an appropriate event. For more information on register structure, see the information presented earlier in this section. The service request enable register is shown in figure 4-15. Notice that the decimal weight of each bit is included in the illus...
Page 136
*stb? — status byte query read status byte register description use the *stb? Query command to acquire the value (in decimal) of the status byte register. The status byte register is shown in figure 4-16. The binary equivalent of the decimal value determines which bits in the register are set. All b...
Page 137: *trg — Trigger
*trg — trigger send bus trigger to 2000 description use the *trg command to issue a gpib trigger to the model 2000. It has the same effect as a group execute trigger (get). Use the *trg command as an event to control operation. The model 2000 reacts to this trig- ger if bus is the programmed control...
Page 138: *wai — Wait-to-Continue
*wai — wait-to-continue prevent execution of commands until previous commands are completed description two types of device commands exist: • sequential commands-a command whose operations are allowed to finish before the next command is executed. • overlapped commands-a command that allows the exec...
Page 139
5 scpi command reference.
Page 140
This section contains reference information on programming the model 2000 with the scpi commands. It is organized as follows: scpi signal oriented measurement commands — covers the signal oriented measure- ment commands. These commands are used to acquire readings. Scpi command subsystems reference ...
Page 141: Configure Command
Scpi signal oriented measurement commands the signal oriented measurement commands are used to acquire readings. You can use these high-level instructions to control the measurement process. These commands are summarized in table 5-1. Configure command :configure: = current:ac ac current current[:dc...
Page 142: Fetch? Command
• the control source of the trigger model is set to immediate. • the count values of the trigger model are set to one. • the delay of the trigger model is set to zero. • the model 2000 is placed in the idle state. • all math calculations are disabled. • buffer operation is disabled. A storage operat...
Page 143: Read? Command
Read? Command :read? Description typically, this command is used with the instrument in the “one-shot” mea- surement mode to trigger and acquire a specified number of readings. The :sample:count command is used to specify the number of readings (see trigger subsystem). Note that the readings are sto...
Page 144: Measure Command
Measure command :measure[:]? = current:ac ac current current[:dc] dc current voltage:ac ac voltage voltage[:dc] dc voltage resistance 2-wire resistance fresistance 4-wire resistance period period frequency frequency temperature temperature diode diode testing continuity continuity test description t...
Page 145
Scpi command subsystems reference tables tables 5-2 through 5-11 summarize the commands for each scpi subsystem. The following list includes the scpi subsystem commands and the table number where each command is summarized. Calculate command summary (table 5-2) display command summary (table 5-3) fo...
Page 146
Table 5-2 calculate command summary command description default parameter scpi :calculate[1] :format :format? :kmath :mmfactor :mmfactor? :mbfactor :mbfactor? :munits :munits? :percent :acquire :percent? :state :state? :data? Subsystem to control calc 1: select math format (none, mxb, percent). Quer...
Page 147
Table 5-3 display command summary command description default parameter scpi :display [:window[1]] :text :data :data? :state :state? :enable :enable? Path to control user text messages. Define ascii message “a” (up to 12 characters). Query text message. Enable or disable message mode. Query text mes...
Page 148
Table 5-5 route command summary command description default parameter scpi route :close :state? :open:all :multiple :close :state? :open :scan [:internal] [:internal]? :external :external? :lselect :lselect? Commands to control scanner card: close specified channel (1 to 10) or channel pair (1 to 5)...
Page 149
:current:ac :nplcycles :nplcycles? :range [:upper] [:upper]? :auto :auto? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? :detector :bandwidth :bandwidth? Path to configure ac current. Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01...
Page 150
:voltage:ac :nplcycles :nplcycles? :range [:upper] [:upper]? :auto :auto? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? :detector :bandwidth :bandwidth? Path to configure ac voltage. Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01...
Page 151
:resistance :nplcycles :nplcycles? :range [:upper] [:upper]? :auto :auto? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? Path to configure resistance: set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). Query line cycle integra...
Page 152
:temperature :nplcycles :nplcycles? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? :average :tcontrol :tcontrol? :count :count? :state :state? :tcouple :type :type? :rjunction :rselect :rselect? :simulated :simulated? :real :tcoefficient :tcoefficient? :offset :offset? Path to confi...
Page 153
:period :aperture :aperture? :threshold :voltage :range :range? :reference :state :state? :acquire :reference? :digits :digits? Path to configure period. Sets gate time for period measurements (0.01-1.0s). Query period gate time. Path to select the threshold voltage range: select threshold range (0 ...
Page 154
Table 5-7 status command summary command description default parameter scpi :status :measurement [:event]? :enable :enable? :condition? :operation [:event]? :enable :enable? :condition? :questionable [:event]? :enable :enable? :condition? :preset :queue [:next]? :enable :enable? :disable :disable? :...
Page 155
Table 5-8 system command summary command description default parameter scpi :system :preset :posetup :posetup? :frswitch? :version? :error? :azero :state :state? :key :key? :clear :beeper [:state] [:state]? :local :remote :rwlock :kclick :kclick :lfrequency? Return to :syst:pres defaults. Select pow...
Page 156
Table 5-10 trigger command summary command description default parameter scpi :initiate [:immediate] :continuous :continuous? :abort :trigger[:sequence[1]] :count :count? :delay :auto :auto? :delay? :source :source? :timer :timer? :signal :sample :count :count? Subsystem command path: initiate one t...
Page 157
Table 5-11 unit command summary command description default parameter scpi :unit :temperature :temperature? :voltage :ac :db :reference :reference? :dbm :impedance :impedance? :ac? [:dc] :db :reference :reference? :dbm :impedance :impedance? :dc? Select temperature measurement units (c, f, or k). Qu...
Page 158: Calculate Subsystem
Calculate subsystem the commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control the cal- culate subsystems and are summarized in table 5-2. :calculate[1] these commands are used to configure and control the mxb (polynomial) and percent math calculations. Detailed information on math calculation...
Page 159
:munits :calculate [1]:kmath:munits specify units for mx+b parameter = 3 characters using ‘a’ through ‘z’ query :munits? Query units for mx+b description this command is used to specify the units data element for the mx+b calcu- lation. Use any three letters from ‘a’ through ‘z’. :percent :calculate...
Page 160: :calculate2
:calculate2 these commands are used to configure and control the calc2 operations on readings stored in the buffer. :format calculate2:format specify calc2 format parameters = none no calculations mean mean value of readings in buffer sdeviation standard deviation of readings in buffer maximum large...
Page 161
:immediate :calculate2:immediate perform calc2 query :immediate? Perform calculation and read result (equivalent to :calculate2:immediate; data?) description the :immediate command is used to perform the selected calc2 operation on the readings in the buffer (assuming calc2 is enabled; see :state). ...
Page 162: :calculate3
:calculate3 these commands are used to configure and control the calc3 limit test. [:data] :calculate3:limit [1]:upper[:data] specify upper limit1 :calculate3:limit [1]:loweer[:data] specify lower limit parameters = -100e6 to 100e6 specify limit value default set specified upper limit to 1 set speci...
Page 163
Mine which limit has failed, you will have to read the measurement event register. Reading the results of a limit test does not clear the fail indication of the test. A failure can be cleared by using a :clear command, or by disabling the test (:state off). :clear commands [:immediate] :calculate3:l...
Page 164: Display Subsystem
Display subsystem the commands in this subsystem are used to control the display of the model 2000 and are summarized in table 5-3. :enable :display:enable control display circuitry parameters = 0 or off disable display circuitry 1 or on enable display circuitry query :enable? Query state of display...
Page 165
:state :display[window[1]]:text:state control (on/off) message parameters = 0 or off disable text message 1 or on enable text message query :state? Query state of message mode. Description this command enables and disables the text message mode. When enabled, a defined message is displayed. When dis...
Page 166: :format Subsystem
:format subsystem the commands in this subsystem are used to select the data format for trans- ferring instrument readings over the bus. The border command and data command only affect readings transferred from the buffer. (i. E. Sense:da- ta? Or calc:data? Are always sent in ascii.) these commands ...
Page 167
Sreal will select the binary ieee754 single precision data format. Figure 5-2 shows the normal byte order format for each data element. For example, if three valid elements are specified, the data string for each reading conver- sion is made up of three 32-bit data blocks. Note that the data string ...
Page 168: :border Command
:border command :border :format:border specify binary byte order parameters = normal normal byte order for binary formats swapped reverse byte order for binary formats query :border? Query byte order description this command is used to control the byte order for the ieee754 binary for- mats. For nor...
Page 169: :elements Command
:elements command :elements :format:elements parameters : reading includes reading in data string channel includes channel number units includes units note: each item in the list must be separated by a comma (,). Query :elements? Query elements in data string description this command is used to spec...
Page 170: Route Subsystem
Route subsystem the commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control switching and are summarized in table 5-5. Single channel (or channel pair) control like operation from the front panel, the following commands let you close a single channel (or channel pair for 4-pole operation) on an...
Page 171: Multiple Channel Control
:close:state? :route:close:state? Query closed channel or channel pair description the response message for this query command indicates the channel (or channel pair) that has been closed on the internal scanner card using the :rout:close command (or channels closed from the front panel). Note that ...
Page 172
Pole mode is not affected by the selected measurement function. Instead, it is selected by controlling channel 11, which is the 2-pole/4-pole relay. Closing channel 11 selects the 2-pole mode. When channel 11 is open, the 4-pole mode is selected. Use the rout:multiple:open command to open channel 11...
Page 173: :scan Commands
:scan commands [:internal] :route:scan[:internal] define internal scan list and enable scan. Parameter = (@ scanlist) where scanlist is the specified list of channels (1 through 10) to be scanned. Query [:internal]? Query programmed scan list description this command is used to define the scan list ...
Page 174
:lselect :route:scan:lselect perform specified scan operation parameters = internal enable scan for internal scanner card external enable scan for external scanner card none disable all scan operations query :lselect?: query scan operation description this command is used to select and perform the d...
Page 175: [Sense[1]] Subsystem
[sense[1]] subsystem the sense 1 subsystem is used to configure and control the measurement functions of the model 2000. A function does not have to be selected before you program its various configurations. A function can be selected any time after it has been programmed. Whenever a programmed func...
Page 176: :data Command
:data command :data? [:sense[1]]:data? Return reading. Description this query command is used to read the latest instrument reading. This com- mand returns the “raw” reading or a reading that is the result of the reference (rel from the front panel) operation. For example, if a reference value of 1....
Page 177: :hold Command
:hold command the following commands are used to configure and control the hold feature. For details on hold, refer to “trigger model, device action” in this section and “hold” in section 3. :window [:sense[1]]:hold:window set hold window parameter = 0.01 to 20 set window (percent) query :window? Qu...
Page 178: Speed Commands
Speed commands :nplcycles [:sense[1]]:current:ac:nplcycles set nplc for aci [:sense[1]]:curren[:dc]:nplcycles set nplc for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:nplcycles set nplc for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:nplcycles set nplc for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:nplcycles set nplc for Ω 2 [:sense[1]]:fresistan...
Page 179: :range Commands
:range commands [:upper] [:sense[1]]:current:ac:range[:upper] set measurement range for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:range[:upper] set measurement range for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:range[:upper] set measurement range for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:range[:upper] set measurement range for dcv [:s...
Page 180
:auto [:sense[1]]:current:ac:range:auto control auto range for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:range:auto control auto range for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:range:auto control auto range for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:range:auto control auto range for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:range:auto control auto...
Page 181: :reference Commands
:reference commands :reference [:sense[1]]:current:ac:reference specify reference for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:reference specify reference for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:reference specify reference for acv :sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:reference specify reference for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:referen...
Page 182
:state [:sense[1]]:current:ac:reference:state control reference for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:reference:state control reference for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:reference:state control reference for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:reference:state control reference for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:refere...
Page 183: :digits Command
:digits command :digits [:sense[1]]:current:ac:digits specify resolution for aci [:sense[1]]:current:dc:digits specify resolution for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:digits specify resolution for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage:dc:digits specify resolution for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:digits specify resolution...
Page 184: :average Commands
:average commands the :average commands are used to configure and control the filter. The filter is explained in section 3. :state [:sense[1]]:current:ac:average:state control filter for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:average:state control filter for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:average:state control fi...
Page 185
:count [:sense[1]]:current:ac:average:count specify filter count for aci [:sense[1]]:current[:dc]:average:count specify filter for dci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:average:count specify filter count for acv [:sense[1]]:voltage[:dc]:average:count specify filter count for dcv [:sense[1]]:resistance:average:...
Page 186: Bandwidth Command
Bandwidth command :bandwidth [:sense[1]]:current:ac:detector:bandwidth specify maximum bandwidth for aci [:sense[1]]:voltage:ac:detector:bandwidth specify maximum bandwidth for acv parameters = 3 to 300e3 specify bandwidth (in hz) query bandwidth? Query selected bandwidth description the model 2000 ...
Page 187: Thermocouple Commands
Thermocouple commands :type [:sense[1]]:temperature:tcouple:type specify tc type parameters = j set operation for type j thermocouples k set operation for type k thermocouples t set operation for type t thermocouples query :type? Query thermocouple type description this command is used to configure ...
Page 188
:simulated [:sense[1]]:temperature:tcouple:rjunction[1]:simulated parameters = 0 to 50 specify temperature in °c 32 to 122 specify temperature in °f 273 to 323 specify temperture in k default 23°c, 73.4°f, 296k minimum 0°c, 32°f, 273k maximum 50°c, 122°f, 323k query :simulated? Query simulated refer...
Page 189: :diode Command
:real:offset [:sense[1]]:temperature:tcouple:rjunction[1]:real:offset parameters = -0.09999 to 0.09999 specify voltage offset at 0°c default 0.05463 minimum -0.09999 maximum 0.09999 query :offset? Query voltage offset :offset? Default query *rst default voltage offset :offset? Minimum query lowest a...
Page 190: Status Subsystem
5-52 scpi command reference status subsystem the status subsystem is used to control the status registers of the model 2000. The commands in this subsystem are summarized in table 5-7. [:event]? Command [:event]? :status:measurement[:event]? Read measurement event register :status:operation[:event]?...
Page 191
Scpi command reference 5-53 measurement event register: bit b0, reading overflow (rof) — set bit indicates that the reading ex- ceeds the measurement range of the instrument. Bit b1, low limit (ll) — set bit indicates that the reading is less than the low limit 1 setting. Bit b2, high limit (hl) — s...
Page 192
5-54 scpi command reference questionable event register: bits b0 through b3 — not used. Bit b4, temperature summary (temp) — set bit indicates that an invalid reference junction measurement has occurred for thermocouple temperature measurements. Bits b5, b6 and b7 — not used. Bit b8, calibration sum...
Page 193
Scpi command reference 5-55 operation event register: bits b0 through b3 — not used. Bit b4, measuring (meas) — set bit indicates that the instrument is per- forming a measurement. Bit b5, triggering (trig) — set bit indicates that the instrument is in the de- vice action block of the trigger model....
Page 194: :enable Command
5-56 scpi command reference :enable command :enable :status:measurement:enable program measurement event enable register :status:questionable:enable program questionable event enable register :status:operation:enable program operation event enable register parameters = 0 clear register = 128 set bit...
Page 195
Scpi command reference 5-57 rav b15 - b12 b10 b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 (2 ) 9 (2 ) 8 (2 ) 7 (2 ) 5 (2 ) 2 (2 ) 1 (2 ) 0 32 0/1 bit position event decimal weighting value value : 1 = enable measurement event 0 = disable (mask) measurement event ll 2 0/1 events : bfl = buffer full bhf = buffer ha...
Page 196: :condition? Command
5-58 scpi command reference :condition? Command :condition? :status:measurement:condition? Read measurement condition register :status:questionable:condition? Read questionable condition register :status:operation:condition? Read operation condition register description these query commands are used...
Page 197: :queue Commands
Scpi command reference 5-59 :queue commands [:next]? :status:queue[:next]? Read error queue description as error and status messages occur, they are placed into the error queue. This query command is used to read those messages. The error queue is a first-in, first-out (fifo) register. Every time yo...
Page 198
5-60 scpi command reference :enable :status:queue:enable enable messages for error queue parameter = (numlist) where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to enable for the error queue. Query :enable? Query list of enabled messages description on power-up, all error messages are enab...
Page 199: :system Subsystem
Scpi command reference 5-61 :system subsystem the system subsystem contains miscellaneous commands that are summa- rized in table 5-8. :beeper command [:state] :beeper[:state] enable or disable beeper parameters = 1 or on enable beeper 0 or off disable beeper query [:state]? Query state of beeper de...
Page 200: :posetup Command
5-62 scpi command reference :posetup command :posetup :system:posetup program power-on defaults parameters = rst select *rst defaults on power up preset select :system:preset defaults on power up sav0 select saved defaults on power up query :posetup? Query power-on setup description this command is ...
Page 201: :version? Command
Scpi command reference 5-63 :version? Command :version? :system:version? Read scpi version description this query command is used to read the version of the scpi standard being used by the model 2000. Example code: 1991.0 the above response message indicates the version of the scpi standard. :error?...
Page 202: :azero Commands
5-64 scpi command reference :azero commands :state :system:azero:state control autozero parameters = 1 or on enable autozero 0 or off disable autozero query :state? Query state of autozero description this command is used to disable or enable autozero. When enabled, accuracy is optimized. When disab...
Page 203: :key Command
Scpi command reference 5-65 :key command :system:key simulate key-press parameters = 1 shift key = 17 local key 2 dcv key 18 ex trig key 3 acv key 19 trig key 4 dci key 20 store key 5 aci 21 recall key 6 Ω 2 key 22 filter key 7 Ω 4 key 23 rel key 8 freq key 24 left arrow key 9 — 25 — 10 — 26 open ke...
Page 204
5-66 scpi command reference 2000 multimeter range ! F 500v peak front/rear 2a 250v amps hi input lo sense Ω 4 wire inputs 350v peak 1100v peak auto shift local power range r shift ch1 rem talk lstn srq stat rel filt 4w buffer math rear scan timer step ch2 ch3 ch4 ch5 ch6 ch7 ch8 ch9 ch10 hold trig f...
Page 205: Rs-232 Interface Commands
Scpi command reference 5-67 rs-232 interface commands :local :system:local take 2000 out of remote description normally, the model 2000 is in local during rs-232 communications. In this state, front panel keys are operational. However, the user may wish to lock out front keys during rs-232 communica...
Page 207: :feed Command
Scpi command reference 5-69 :feed command :feed :trace:feed specify readings source parameters = sense[1] put raw readings in buffer calculate[1] put calculated readings in buffer none put no readings in buffer query :feed? Query buffer feed description this command is used to select the source of r...
Page 208: Trigger Subsystem
5-70 scpi command reference trigger subsystem the trigger subsystem is made up of a series of commands and subsystems to configure the trigger model. These commands and subsystems are sum- marized in table 5-10. :initiate commands [:immediate] :initiate[:immediate] take 2000 out of idle state descri...
Page 209: :trigger Commands
Scpi command reference 5-71 :trigger commands :count :trigger[:sequence[1]]:count set measure count parameters = 1 to 9999 specify count inf sets count to infinite default sets count to 1 minimum sets count to 1 maximum sets count to 9999 query :count? Queries programmed count :count? Default querie...
Page 210
5-72 scpi command reference :delay :trigger[:sequence[1]]:delay set trigger model delay parameters = 0 to 999999.999 specify delay in seconds default 0 second delay minimum 0 second delay maximum 999999.999 second delay query :delay? Query the programmed delay :delay? Default query the *rst default ...
Page 211
Scpi command reference 5-73 :timer :trigger:[sequence[1]]:timer set interval for measure layer timer parameters = 0.001 to 999999.999 specify timer interval in seconds query :timer? Query programmed timer interval description these commands are used to set the interval for the timer. Note that the t...
Page 212: :unit Subsystem
5-74 scpi command reference :unit subsystem the unit subsystem is used to configure and control the measurement units for temp, acv, and dcv, and is summarized in table 5-11. :temperature command :temperature :unit:temperature specify temp units parameters = c or cel °c temperature units f or far °f...
Page 213
Scpi command reference 5-75 :db:reference :unit:voltage:ac:db:reference specify dbm reference parameter = le-7 to 1000 specify reference in volts query :reference? Description this command is used to specify the db reference level. When db units is selected (:voltage:ac: db), acv db measurements are...
Page 214
5-76 scpi command reference :db:reference :unit:voltage[:dc]:db:reference specify dbm reference parameter = 1e-7 to 1000 specify reference in volts query :reference? Description this command is used to specify the db reference level. When db units is selected (:voltage[:dc]:db), dcv db measurements ...
Page 215
A specifications.
Page 216: Drn.
Keithley instruments, inc. Cleveland, ohio 44139 drn. Ckd. App. Date date date part number ltr revisions app. Date form 28777a-sbg bruning 40-21 62198-sbg specifications jmm 8/8/01 rev. E spec-2000 2000 6½-digit multimeter specifications dc characteristics conditions: med (1 plc) 1 or slow (10 plc) ...
Page 217: Drn.
Keithley instruments, inc. Cleveland, ohio 44139 drn. Ckd. App. Date date date part number ltr revisions app. Date form 28777a-sbg bruning 40-21 62198-sbg specifications jmm 8/8/01 rev. E spec-2000 2000 6½-digit multimeter specifications dc operating characteristics 2 function digits readings/s plcs...
Page 218: Drn.
Keithley instruments, inc. Cleveland, ohio 44139 drn. Ckd. App. Date date date part number ltr revisions app. Date form 28777a-sbg bruning 40-21 62198-sbg specifications jmm 8/8/01 rev. E spec-2000 2000 6½-digit multimeter specifications true rms ac voltage and current characteristics accuracy 1 : ±...
Page 219: Drn.
Keithley instruments, inc. Cleveland, ohio 44139 drn. Ckd. App. Date date date part number ltr revisions app. Date form 28777a-sbg bruning 40-21 62198-sbg specifications jmm 8/8/01 rev. E spec-2000 2000 6½-digit multimeter specifications frequency and period characteristics 1, 2 acv range frequency ...
Page 220: Drn.
Keithley instruments, inc. Cleveland, ohio 44139 drn. Ckd. App. Date date date part number ltr revisions app. Date form 28777a-sbg bruning 40-21 62198-sbg specifications jmm 8/8/01 rev. E spec-2000 2000 6½-digit multimeter specifications triggering and memory reading hold sensitivity: 0.01%, 0.1%, 1...
Page 221: Accuracy Calculations
Accuracy calculations the information below discusses how to calculate accuracy for both dc and ac characteris- tics. Calculating dc characteristics accuracy dc characteristics accuracy is calculated as follows: accuracy = ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) (ppm = parts per million, and 10ppm = 0.001%...
Page 222
Calculating dbm characteristics accuracy as an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits for a 13dbm measurement with a reference impedance of 50 Ω , assume an applied signal 0.998815v. The relationship between voltage and dbm is as follows: from the previous example on calculating dc ch...
Page 223: Additional Derating Factors
Calculating db characteristics accuracy the relationship between voltage and db is as follows: as an example of how to calculate the actual readings limits for db, with a user-defined v ref of 10v, you must calculate the voltage accuracy and apply it to above equation. To calculate a -60db measureme...
Page 224
Optimizing measurement accuracy the configurations listed below assume that the multimeter has had factory setups restored. Dc voltage, dc current, and resistance: • select 6 ½ digits, 10 plc, filter on (up to 100 readings), fixed range. • use rel on dc voltage and 2-wire resistance measurements. • ...
Page 225: Optimizing Measurement Speed
Optimizing measurement speed the configurations listed below assume that the multimeter has had factory setups restored. Dc voltage, dc current, and resistance: select 3 ½ digits, 0.01 plc, filter off, fixed range. Ac voltage and ac current: select 3 ½ digits, 0.01 plc, filter off, fixed range. Temp...
Page 226
A-12 specifications.
Page 227
B status and error messages.
Page 228
Table b-1 status and error messages number description event -440 -430 -420 -410 -363 -350 -330 -314 -315 -285 -284 -282 -281 -260 -241 -230 -225 -224 -223 -222 -221 -220 -215 -214 -213 -212 -211 -210 -202 -201 -200 -178 -171 -170 -168 -161 -160 -158 -154 -151 -150 query unterminated after indefinit...
Page 229
-148 -144 -141 -140 -128 -124 -123 -121 -120 -114 -113 -112 -111 -110 -109 -108 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100 character data not allowed character data too long invalid character data character data error numeric data not allowed too many digits exponent too large invalid character in number numeric...
Page 230
+308 +309 +310 +311 buffer available buffer half full buffer full buffer overflow se se se se +400 +401 +402 +403 +404 +405 +406 +407 +408 +409 +410 +411 +412 +413 +414 +415 +416 +417 +418 +419 +420 +421 +422 +423 +424 +425 +438 +439 +450 +451 +452 +453 +454 +455 +456 +457 +458 calibration messages:...
Page 231
+459 +460 +461 +462 +463 +464 +465 +466 +467 +468 +469 +470 +471 +472 +473 10 vac zero error 10 vac full scale error 10 vac noise error 100 vac zero error 100 vac full scale error 750 vac zero error 750 vac full scale error 750 vac noise error post filter offset error 1 aac zero error 1 aac full sca...
Page 232
Note: scpi-confirmed messages are described in volume 2: command reference of the standard commands for programmable instruments. Refer to the :system:error? Command. +956 +957 +958 +959 +960 +961 ddc maximum channel is 8 ddc calibration locked ddc conflict error ddc no remote error ddc mode iddc er...
Page 233
C example programs.
Page 234: Program Examples
Program examples all examples presume quickbasic version 4.5 or higher and a cec ieee-488 interface card with cec driver version 2.11 or higher, with the model 2000 at address 16 on the ieee- 488 bus. Changing function and range the model 2000 has independent controls for each of its measurement fun...
Page 235
'example program to demonstrate changing function and range, 'taking readings on various functions 'for quickbasic 4.5 and cec pc488 interface card 'edit the following line to where the quickbasic 'libraries are on your computer '$include: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.Bi' 'initialize the cec interface as address...
Page 236: One-Shot Triggering
One-shot triggering other dmms generally have two types of triggering: one-shot and continuous. In one-shot, each activation of the selected trigger source causes one reading. In continuous, the dmm is idle until the trigger source is activated, at which time it begins taking readings at a specified...
Page 237
Generating srq on buffer full when your program must wait until the model 2000 has completed an operation, it is more efficient to program the 2000 to assert the ieee-488 srq line when it is finished, rather than repeatedly serial polling the instrument. An ieee-488 controller will typically address...
Page 238: Storing Readings In Buffer
Storing readings in buffer the reading buffer in the model 2000 is flexible and capable. It has three controls, which are found in the trace susbsystem. There are commands to control: • the size of the buffer (in readings). Trace:points • where the data is coming from (before or after the calculate1...
Page 239
'example program to demonstrate the reading buffer 'for quickbasic 4.5 and cec pc488 interface card 'edit the following line to where the quickbasic 'libraries are on your computer '$include: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.Bi' 'initialize the cec interface as address 21 call initialize(21, 0) 'reset controls and p...
Page 240
Taking readings with the scanner card the model 2000-scan is an optional 10-channel scanner card for the model 2000 multim- eter. Only one channel can be closed at a time. If you close a channel while another is already closed, the first one opens with break-before-make operation. You can use the sc...
Page 241
'example program to demonstrate taking readings on different 'scanner channels 'for quickbasic 4.5 and cec pc488 interface card 'edit the following line to where the quickbasic 'libraries are on your computer '$include: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.Bi' 'initialize the cec interface as address 21 call initialize(...
Page 242
The following example program sets up the model 2000 using a scan list to measure dc volt- age on channels 1, 2 and 3. The meter takes ten sets of readings, with each set spaced 15 seconds apart, and each of the three readings in each group taken as fast as possible. The model 2000 stores the readin...
Page 243
'*rst sets trig:sour to imm call send(16, "samp:coun 3", status%) call send(16, "trig:sour tim;tim 15", status%) call send(16, "trig:coun 10", status%) 'trace subsystem is not affected by *rst call send(16, "trac:poin 30", status%) call send(16, "trac:feed sens1;feed:cont next", status%) ' now the b...
Page 244
Taking readings using the :read? Command this programming example demonstrates a simple method to take and display (on the com- puter crt) a specified number of readings. The number of readings are specified by the :sam- ple:count command. When :read? Is asserted, the specified number of readings ar...
Page 245
Print #1, “*cls” ‘ clear model 2000 print #1, “:init:cont off;:abort” ‘ init off print #1, “:sens:func ‘volt:dc’” ‘ dcv print #1, “:syst:azer:stat off” ‘ auto zero off print #1, “:sens:volt:dc:aver:stat off” ‘ filter off print #1, “:sens:volt:dc:nplc 0.01” ‘ nplc = 0.01 print #1, “:sens:volt:dc:rang...
Page 246
C-14 example programs.
Page 247
D models 196/199 and 8840a/8842a commands.
Page 248
The model 2000 can be configured to accept device-dependent commands of the keithley models 196/199. The commands to control the model 2000 with the 196/199 language are pro- vided in table d-1. Since the architecture of the model 2000 differs from that of the 196/199, some commands are different or...
Page 249
Rate s0 s1 s2 0.1 plc integration line cycle integration (16.67msec, 60hz; 20msec, 50hz) 10 plc (166.67msec integration, 60hz; 200msec integration, 50hz) trigger mode t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 continuous on talk one-shot on talk continuous on get one-shot on get continuous on x one-shot on x continuou...
Page 250
Terminator y0 y1 y2 y3 cr lf lf cr cr lf status u0 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 send machine status word (199 format only) send error conditions (only supports no scanner, iddc, iddco) send translator word list (since translator is not sup- ported, replies with one space character) send buffer size send curren...
Page 251
Scanning (cont.) n21 n22 n23 n24 n25 n26 n27 n28 n29 scan mode, max channel is 2 scan mode, max channel is 3 scan mode, max channel is 4 scan mode, max channel is 5 scan mode, max channel is 6 scan mode, max channel is 7 scan mode, max channel is 8 scan mode, max channel is 9 scan mode, max channel ...
Page 252
The model 2000 can be configured to accept device-dependent commands of the fluke mod- els 8840a/8842a. The commands to control the model 2000 with the 8840a/8842a language are provided in table d-2. Since the architecture of the model 2000 differs from that of the 8840a/8842a, some com- mands are d...
Page 253
Trigger mode t0 (default) t1 t2 t3 t4 trigger rear panel auto mode trigger delay internal disabled — external enabled on external disabled on external enabled off external disabled off note: delay is enabled by entering ext trig mode while in local. Offset (rel) b0 b1 offset off (default) offset on ...
Page 254
Get (cont.) g9 g10 g11 get status of jkm commands (temp. Units; tc type and junction) string = 1jkm get closed channel number string = 10nn where: nn = 00 (all open) 01 through 10 (closed channel) get simulated reference junction temperature string = xx.Xxx (in °c) note: g2 valid only in calibration...
Page 255
E ieee-488 bus overview.
Page 256: Introduction
Introduction basically, the ieee-488 bus is simply a communication system between two or more elec- tronic devices. A device can be either an instrument or a computer. When a computer is used on the bus, it serves to supervise the communication exchange between all the devices and is known as the co...
Page 257
Through the use of control lines, a handshake sequence takes place in the transfer process of information from a talker to a listener. This handshake sequence helps ensure the credibility of the information transfer. The basic handshake sequence between an active controller (talker) and a listener i...
Page 258: Bus Description
Bus description the ieee-488 bus, which is also frequently referred to a the gpib (general purpose interface bus), was designed as a parallel transfer medium to optimize data transfer without using an ex- cessive number of bus lines. In keeping with this goal, the bus has only eight data lines that ...
Page 259
Device 1 able to talk, listen and control (computer) device 3 only able to listen (printer) device 4 only able to talk dav nrfd ndac ifc atn srq ren eoi d io1 ... 8 data (8 lines) handshake bus management data bus data byte transfer control general interface management device 2 able to talk and list...
Page 260: Bus Lines
Bus lines the signal lines on the ieee-488 bus are grouped into three different categories: data lines, management lines and handshake lines. The data lines handle bus data and commands, while the management and handshake lines ensure that proper data transfer and operation takes place. Each bus lin...
Page 261: Handshake Lines
Handshake lines the bus handshake lines operate in an interlocked sequence. This method ensures reliable data transmission regardless of the transfer rate. Generally, data transfer will occur at a rate de- termined by the slowest active device on the bus. One of the three handshake lines is controll...
Page 262: Bus Commands
Bus commands the instrument may be given a number of special bus commands through the ieee-488 in- terface. This section briefly describes the purpose of the bus commands which are grouped into the following three categories. 1. Uniline commands — sent by setting the associated bus lines true. For e...
Page 263: Uniline Commands
Uniline commands atn, ifc and ren are asserted only by the controller. Srq is asserted by an external device. Eoi may be asserted either by the controller or other devices depending on the direction of data transfer. The following is a description of each command. Each command is sent by setting the...
Page 264: Addressed Multiline Commands
Addressed multiline commands addressed commands are multiline commands that must be preceded by the device listen ad- dress before that instrument will respond to the command in question. Note that only the ad- dressed device will respond to these commands. Both the commands and the address precedin...
Page 265: Common Commands
Common commands common commands are commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These com- mands are designated and defined by the ieee-488.2 standard. Generally, these commands are sent as one or more ascii characters that tell the device to perform a common operation, such as reset. The ie...
Page 266
D 7 d 6 d 5 d 4 x 0 0 0 command x 0 0 1 command x 0 1 0 primary address x 0 1 1 primary address x 0 1 1 primary address x 0 1 1 primary address x 1 1 0 x 1 1 1 bits d 3 ↓ d 2 ↓ d 1 ↓ d 0 ↓ column → row ↓ 0 (a) 0 (b) 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3(b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a) 5 (b) 6 (a) 6 (b) 7 (a) 7 (b) 0...
Page 267: Typical Command Sequences
Typical command sequences for the various multiline commands, a specific bus sequence must take place to properly send the command. In particular, the correct listen address must be sent to the instrument before it will respond to addressed commands. Table e-3 lists a typical bus sequence for sendin...
Page 268: Ieee Command Groups
Ieee command groups command groups supported by the model 2000 are listed in table e-5. Common commands and scpi commands are not included in this list. Table e-5 ieee command groups handshake command group ndac = not data accepted nrfd = not ready for data dav = data valid universal command group a...
Page 269: Interface Function Codes
Interface function codes the interface function codes, which are part of the ieee-488 standards, define an instru- ment’s ability to support various interface functions and should not be confused with pro- gramming commands found elsewhere in this manual. The interface function codes for the model 2...
Page 270
Pp (parallel poll function) — the instrument does not have parallel polling capabilities (pp0). Dc (device clear function) — dc1 defines the ability of the instrument to be cleared (ini- tialized). Dt (device trigger function) — dti defines the ability of the model 2002 to have readings triggered. C...
Page 271
F ieee-488 and scpi conformance information.
Page 272: Introduction
Introduction the ieee-488.2 standard requires specific information about how the model 2000 imple- ments the standard. Paragraph 4.9 of the ieee-488.2 standard (std 488.2-1987) lists the docu- mentation requirements. Table f-1 provides a summary of the requirements, and provides the information or r...
Page 273
(15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) macro information response to *idn (identification). Storage area for *pud and *pud? Resource description for *rdt and *rdt? Effects of *rst, *rcl and *sav. *tst information. Status register structure. Sequential or overlapped commands. Operation complete...
Page 274
Table f-2 coupled commands command also changes to :trac:poin :trac:cle :trac:feed:cont :trac:feed:cont nev nev sense subsystem commands: ...:rang:upp ...:ref:acq ...:rang:auto ...:ref off presently displayed reading :rout:clos :rout:open:all :rout:scan:int :rout:scan:lsel :rout:scan:lsel :rout:scan...
Page 275: Index
Index symbol :abort command 5-70 :average commands 5-46 :azero commands 5-64 :border command 5-30 :calculate subsystem 5-20 calculate[1] 5-20 :calculate2 5-22 :calculate3 5-24 :clear command 5-64, 5-68 :close commands 5-32 *cls — clear status 4-40 :condition? Command 5-58 :configure command 5-3 :con...
Page 276
C cables 1-6 calculate subsystem 5-20 calculating ac characteristics accuracy a-7 calculating db characteristics accuracy a-9 calculating dbm characteristics accuracy a-8 calculating dc characteristics accuracy a-7 calibration 3-32 carrying case 1-6 case sensitivity 4-34 changing function and range ...
Page 277
L limit operations 3-20 line frequency query 5-67 line power connection 2-8 llo (local lockout) 4-15 local key 4-18 long-form versions 4-34 low level considerations 2-19 low thermal probes 1-6 m manual addenda 1-3 manual ranging 3-3 math 2-30 maximum readings 3-3 measure command 5-6 measurement conf...
Page 278
Specifications 1-3, a-1 speed commands 5-40 spe, spd (serial polling 4-17 status byte and service request (srq) 4-25 status byte register 4-26 status messages 2-17, 4-18, b-1 status structure 4-19 status subsystem 5-52 stepping trigger model additions 3-24 storing readings 3-17 storing readings in b...
Page 279: Service Form
Service form model no. ______________ serial no.___________________date ________________ name and telephone no. _________________________________________________ company ______________________________________________________________ list all control settings, describe problem and check boxes that ap...
Page 280
Specifications are subject to change without notice. All keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of keithley instruments, inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. Keithley instruments, inc. 28775 aurora road • cleveland, ohio 44139 • 440-...