Caminetti Montegrappa LIGHT 06 Installation, Use And Maintenance Manual - page 6
LIGHT series
ENGLISH
preliminary wood drying;
covering the upper part of wood piles with clothes as shelf
t
from the rain;
t
cutting of the wood logs into small pieces whose length
will vary to suit the user’s needs. Final wood stacking in a dry,
ventilated location away from rain and humidity;
air-drying for at least:
t
– 2 years (outdoor),
– 1 year (indoor, in an adequate place).
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1.4.3
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The units of measurement commonly used in selling
fi
rewood
are mainly three:
DVCJD NFUSF DVN
t
unit of measurement referring to any
type of wood and corresponding to 1cu m of solid wood
(the weight of 1cu m of wood varies greatly depending upon
species and humidity);
tTUFSF NFUSF TN
unit of measurement referring to the
stacked wood pieces and corresponding to 1 cu.m including
the air space between the pieces of stacked wood. The amount
of wood contained in a space of 1 stere depends upon species,
relative moisture content, diametre and shape of the wood
pieces, and the way in which they have been stacked (one
stere of wood logs 1m long corresponds to approximately 0,7
cu.m of wood);
tRVJOUBM R
o
ffi
cially suppressed, this unit of measurement
(100 kg; 0,1 t) is still the most widely used in selling
fi
rewood.
Knowing the type of
fi
rewood and its moisture content,
if it is sold on a space basis, allows you to get an idea of
its heating value, whereas it is not necessary to know the
species of wood if it is sold on a weight basis as with an
equal moisture content the heat value di
ff
ers slightly.
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If we compare as a way of example a piece of beech
having a moisture content of 30% with a well seasoned
piece of the same wood type having a moisture content
of 15%, the latter will release 25% more heat. When the
moisture content is 50% the heat value is reduced by the
half.
Purchase of green, damp or wet wood, could mean that
you are also buying the water inside. To be sure the
fi
rewood you have purchased has been seasoned for about
one year, you should always buy your
fi
rewood in the
summertime (June-July) since trees are mostly cut in
autumn.
Be careful with any painted or treated wood whose
combustion can give o
ff
harmful fumes, and whose use
is only allowed in authorized combustion plants.
1.4.4
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When wood burns there are three stages of combustion:
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t
Moisture in wood is removed by evaporation by
means of the surrounding
fi
re. Any type of wood contains a
percentage of moisture. Since part of the heat produced by
the
fi
re is used for evaporation, it is more convenient and less
polluting to burn well-seasoned wood (max. 20% moisture)
rather than green wood freshly cut (with 50% moisture or
more). This stage is over when the wood temperature reaches
100°C (water boiling point).
t1:30-:4*4
At a higher temperature wood breaks down
chemically and volatile gases and char are formed. When
temperature is between 260°C and 315°C this char and a
small amount of these gases break into
fl
ames and wood
burns. Most of these gases will then be expelled through
the chimney unless the temperature of the appliance is high
enough to burn them. As soon as these gases pass through
the chimney they will mix with moisture to form creosote.
t("4*'*$"5*0/ "/% $0.#645*0/
gases (smoke) and
charcoal (wood residues) burn. Charcoal start burning and
releases heat between 540°C and 705°C, then become ash.
Most of the usable heat is produced during this stage. Volatile
gases, when mixed with the proper amount of oxygen, ignite
when temperature is between 600°C and 650°C. But gases
rarely reach the above temperature, unless they are conveyed
towards
fl
ames or towards an area inside the
fi
rebox where
this temperature has been reached.
In practice the three stages are interwoven in a complex way
during the combustion of every single piece of wood.
The incomplete combustion of wood results in toxic
emissions. Note that the worst is the emission level the lower
the heat produced by the combustion process (e.g.: the
use of big wood pieces results in slow combustion and low
temperatures within the
fi
replace, which a
ff
ects negatively
both the appliance and the chimney; the use of green, damp
wood, which cannot burn completely, results in soot and
creosote formation collecting rapidly on the chimney walls).
On the contrary, in case of complete combustion (with well-
seasoned wood and pieces of appropriate size) we reach a
higher temperature thus reducing the overall amount of the
wood needed.
To ensure complete combustion and high e
ffi
ciency the
following conditions must be met:
the wood used must be dry and well-seasoned (with about
t
15/20% moisture content);
your wood-burning appliance must be designed in such a
t