- DL manuals
- Yamaha
- Outboard Motor
- 20D
- Owner's Manual
Yamaha 20D Owner's Manual
Summary of 20D
Page 1
Q q q q read this manual carefully before operating this outboard motor. Owner’s manual 20d 25n 6l2-28199-2h-e0
Page 2
Emu25052 read this manual carefully before operating this outboard motor. Keep this manual onboard in a waterproof bag when boating. This manual should stay with the outboard motor if it is sold..
Page 3: Important Manual Information
Important manual information emu25105 to the owner thank you for choosing a yamaha outboard motor. This owner’s manual contains infor- mation needed for proper operation, mainte- nance and care. A thorough understanding of these simple instructions will help you ob- tain maximum enjoyment from your ...
Page 4: Table of Contents
Table of contents safety information............................. 1 outboard motor safety .................... 1 propeller............................................ 1 rotating parts.................................... 1 hot parts ........................................... 1 electric shock ..........
Page 5: Table of Contents
Table of contents getting to know your boat ............... 26 checks before starting engine ...... 26 fuel level......................................... 27 remove cowling.............................. 27 fuel system..................................... 27 controls.....................................
Page 6: Safety Information
1 safety information emu33622 outboard motor safety observe these precautions at all times. Emu36500 propeller people can be injured or killed if they come in contact with the propeller. The propeller can keep moving even when the motor is in neutral, and sharp edges of the propeller can cut even wh...
Page 7: Safety Information
Safety information 2 death when inhaled. Symptoms include nau- sea, dizziness, and drowsiness. Keep cock- pit and cabin areas well ventilated. Avoid blocking exhaust outlets. Emu33780 modifications do not attempt to modify this outboard mo- tor. Modifications to your outboard motor may reduce safety...
Page 8: Safety Information
Safety information 3 operate defensively at safe speeds and keep a safe distance away from people, ob- jects, and other boats. ● do not follow directly behind other boats or waterskiers. ● avoid sharp turns or other maneuvers that make it hard for others to avoid you or un- derstand where you are go...
Page 9: General Information
4 general information emu25171 identification numbers record emu25183 outboard motor serial number the outboard motor serial number is stamped on the label attached to the port side of the clamp bracket. Record your outboard motor serial number in the spaces provided to assist you in ordering spare ...
Page 10: General Information
General information 5 zmu01697.
Page 11: General Information
General information 6 emu33520 read manuals and labels before operating or working on this motor: ● read this manual. ● read any manuals supplied with the boat. ● read all labels on the outboard motor and the boat. If you need any additional information, contact your yamaha dealer. Emu33831 warning ...
Page 12: General Information
General information 7 emu33912 contents of labels the above warning labels mean as follows. 1 warning ewm01691 emergency starting does not have start- in-gear protection. Ensure shift control is in neutral before starting engine. 2 warning ewm01681 ● keep hands, hair, and clothing away from rotating...
Page 13: General Information
General information 8 emu35132 symbols the following symbols mean as follows. Notice/warning read owner’s manual hazard caused by continuous rotation electrical hazard zmu05696 zmu05664 zmu05665 zmu05666.
Page 14: Specifications
9 specifications and requirements emu31480 specifications tip: “(al)” stated in the specification data below represents the numerical value for the alumi- num propeller installed. Likewise, “(sus)” represents the value for stainless steel propeller installed and “(pl)” for plastic propeller installe...
Page 15: Installation Requirements
Specifications and requirements 10 trim and tilt system: manual tilt propeller mark: f fuel and oil: recommended fuel: regular unleaded gasoline fuel tank capacity: 24 l (6.34 us gal, 5.28 imp.Gal) recommended engine oil: yamalube 2-stroke outboard motor oil fuel:oil ratio: regular gasoline: 100 :1 ...
Page 16: Battery Requirements
Specifications and requirements 11 emu25694 battery requirements emu25721 battery specifications the engine cannot be started if battery volt- age is too low. Emu36290 mounting battery mount the battery holder securely in a dry, well-ventilated, vibration-free location in the boat. Warning! Do not p...
Page 17: Start-In-Gear Protection
Specifications and requirements 12 emu25770 start-in-gear protection yamaha outboard motors or yamaha-ap- proved remote control units are equipped with start-in-gear protection device(s). This feature permits the engine to be started only when it is in neutral. Always select neutral before starting ...
Page 18: Muddy Or Acidic Water
Specifications and requirements 13 engine starting and running problems. Yamaha does not recommend gasohol con- taining methanol because it can cause fuel system damage or engine performance problems. Emu36880 muddy or acidic water yamaha strongly recommends that you have your dealer install the opt...
Page 19: Components
14 components emu2579h components diagram tip: * may not be exactly as shown; also may not be included as standard equipment on all mod- els. 20d, 25n emu25802 fuel tank if your model was equipped with a portable fuel tank, its function is as follows. Warning ewm00020 the fuel tank supplied with thi...
Page 20: Components
Components 15 be used as a fuel storage container. Com- mercial users should conform to relevant licensing or approval authority regula- tions. Emu25830 fuel joint this joint is used to connect the fuel line. Emu25841 fuel gauge this gauge is located on either the fuel tank cap or on the fuel joint ...
Page 21: Components
Components 16 emu26201 neutral interlock trigger to shift out of neutral, first pull the neutral in- terlock trigger up. Emu26211 neutral throttle lever to open the throttle without shifting into ei- ther forward or reverse, put the remote con- trol lever in the neutral position and lift the neutral...
Page 22: Components
Components 17 emu25941 throttle grip the throttle grip is on the tiller handle. Turn the grip counterclockwise to increase speed and clockwise to decrease speed. Emu25961 throttle indicator the fuel consumption curve on the throttle indicator shows the relative amount of fuel consumed for each throt...
Page 23: Components
Components 18 emu25993 engine shut-off cord (lanyard) and clip the clip must be attached to the engine shut- off switch for the engine to run. The cord should be attached to a secure place on the operator’s clothing, or arm or leg. Should the operator fall overboard or leave the helm, the cord will ...
Page 24: Components
Components 19 emu26070 manual starter handle to start the engine, first gently pull the han- dle out until resistance is felt. From that posi- tion, then pull the handle straight out quickly to crank the engine. Emu26090 main switch the main switch controls the ignition system; its operation is desc...
Page 25: Components
Components 20 emu26244 trim tab with anode warning ewm00840 an improperly adjusted trim tab could cause difficult steering. Always test run after the trim tab has been installed or re- placed to be sure steering is correct. Be sure you have tightened the bolt after ad- justing the trim tab. The trim...
Page 26: Components
Components 21 to lock it, set the tilt lock lever in the lock po- sition. To release, push the tilt lock lever in the release position. Emu26332 tilt support bar the tilt support bar keeps the outboard motor in the tilted up position. Notice ecm01660 do not use the tilt support bar when trailering t...
Page 27: Components
Components 22 the cap on it. Notice ecm01000 do not connect the 2-pin connector di- rectly to the battery terminals. Otherwise the electric system will be damaged..
Page 28: Installation
23 installation emu26902 installation the information presented in this section is intended as reference only. It is not possible to provide complete instructions for every possible boat and motor combination. Prop- er mounting depends in part on experience and the specific boat and motor combinatio...
Page 29: Installation
Installation 24 notice ecm01630 ● during water testing, check the buoy- ancy of the boat, at rest, with its maxi- mum load. Check that the static water level on the exhaust housing is low enough to prevent water entry into the power head when water rises due to waves when the outboard is not run- ni...
Page 30: Installation
Installation 25 3. Secure the clamp bracket to the transom using the bolts provided with the out- board (if packed). For details, consult your yamaha dealer. Warning! Avoid using bolts, nuts or washers other than those contained in the engine packaging. If used, they must be of at least the same qua...
Page 31: Operation
26 operation emu36380 first-time operation emu30174 breaking in engine your new engine requires a period of break- in to allow mating surfaces of moving parts to wear in evenly. Correct break-in will help en- sure proper performance and longer engine life. Notice: failure to follow the break-in proc...
Page 32: Operation
Operation 27 emu37141 fuel level be sure you have plenty of fuel for your trip. A good rule is to use 1/3 of your fuel to get to the destination, 1/3 to return, and to keep 1/ 3 as an emergency reserve. With the boat level on a trailer or in the water, check the fuel level. For fuel filling instruct...
Page 33: Operation
Operation 28 unrestricted throughout the whole range with no binding or excessive free play. ● operate the throttle levers several times to make sure there is no hesitation in their travel. Operation should be smooth over the complete range of motion, and each le- ver should return completely to the...
Page 34: Operation
Operation 29 emu27234 filling fuel and engine oil emu27246 filling fuel for portable tank warning ewm01830 ● gasoline and its vapors are highly flam- mable and explosive. Always refuel ac- cording to this procedure to reduce the risk of fire and explosion. ● gasoline is poisonous and can cause injur...
Page 35: Operation
Operation 30 if equipped with a portable fuel tank 1. Pour oil into the portable fuel tank, and then add gasoline. 2. Replace the fuel tank cap and close tightly. 3. Shake the fuel tank to mix the fuel thor- oughly. 4. Make sure that the oil and gasoline are mixed. If equipped with a built-in fuel t...
Page 36: Operation
Operation 31 2. If there is a fuel joint on the motor, firmly connect the fuel line to the joint. Then firmly connect the other end of the fuel line to the joint on the fuel tank. 3. Squeeze the primer pump, with the ar- row pointing up, until you feel it become firm. During engine operation place t...
Page 37: Operation
Operation 32 tip: the start-in-gear protection device prevents the engine from starting except when in neu- tral. 2. Attach the engine shut-off cord to a se- cure place on your clothing, or your arm or leg. Then install the clip on the other end of the cord into the engine shut-off switch. 3. Place ...
Page 38: Operation
Operation 33 tip: ● when the engine is cold, it needs to be warmed up. For further information, see page 38. ● if the engine does not start on the first try, repeat the procedure. If the engine fails to start after 4 or 5 tries, open the throttle a small amount (between 1/8 and 1/4) and try again. A...
Page 39: Operation
Operation 34 4. Pull out the choke knob fully. After the engine starts, push the choke knob back in to its original position. Tip: ● it is not necessary to use the choke when starting a warm engine. ● if the choke knob is left pulled out, the en- gine will stall. 5. Turn the main switch to “ ” (star...
Page 40: Operation
Operation 35 emu27636 manual start models (remote control) warning ewm01840 ● failure to attached engine shut-off cord could result in a runaway boat if opera- tor is ejected. Attach the engine shut- off cord to a secure place on your cloth- ing, or your arm or leg while operating. Do not attach the...
Page 41: Operation
Operation 36 tip: ● it is not necessary to use the choke when starting a warm engine. ● if the choke knob is left in the “ ” (start) position while the engine is running, the engine will run poorly or stall. 5. Pull the manual starter handle slowly un- til you feel resistance. Then give a strong pul...
Page 42: Operation
Operation 37 or leg. Then install the clip on the other end of the cord into the engine shut-off switch. 3. Turn the main switch to “ ” (on). 4. Open the throttle slightly without shifting using the neutral throttle lever or free ac- celerator. You may need to change the throttle opening slightly de...
Page 43: Operation
Operation 38 7. Immediately after the engine starts, re- lease the main switch and allow it to re- turn to “ ” (on). Notice: never turn the main switch to “ ” (start) while the engine is running. Do not keep the starter motor turning for more than 5 seconds. If the starter motor is turned continuous...
Page 44: Operation
Operation 39 emu34530 shifting warning ewm00180 before shifting, make sure there are no swimmers or obstacles in the water near you. Notice ecm01610 warm up the engine before shifting into gear. Until the engine is warm, the idle speed may be higher than normal. High idle speed can prevent you from ...
Page 45: Operation
Operation 40 2. After the engine is at idle speed in gear move the remote control lever / gear shift lever firmly and crisply into the neu- tral position. Emu31742 stopping boat warning ewm01510 ● do not use the reverse function to slow down or stop the boat as it could cause you to lose control, be...
Page 46: Operation
Operation 41 2. After stopping the engine, disconnect the fuel line if there is a fuel joint on the outboard motor. 3. Tighten the air vent screw on the fuel tank cap (if equipped). 4. Remove the key if the boat will be left unattended. Tip: the engine can also be stopped by pulling the cord and rem...
Page 47: Operation
Operation 42 emu27872 adjusting trim angle for manual tilt models there are 4 or 5 holes provided in the clamp bracket to adjust the outboard motor trim an- gle. 1. Stop the engine. 2. Tilt the outboard motor up, and then re- move the trim rod from the clamp brack- et. 3. Reposition the rod in the d...
Page 48: Operation
Operation 43 bow up, the boat may have a greater tenden- cy to steer to one side or the other. Compen- sate for this as you steer. The trim tab can also be adjusted to help offset this effect. When the bow of the boat is down, it is easier to accelerate from a standing start onto plane. Bow up too m...
Page 49: Operation
Operation 44 few minutes. Otherwise fuel may leak. Notice ecm00241 ● before tilting the outboard motor, stop the engine by following the procedure on page 40. Never tilt the outboard mo- tor while the engine is running. Severe damage from overheating can result. ● do not tilt up the engine by pushin...
Page 50: Operation
Operation 45 ter lever to its original position. 2. Slightly tilt the engine up until the tilt sup- port bar is automatically released. 3. Slowly tilt the engine down. Emu28061 shallow water emu28073 cruising in shallow water (manual tilt models) warning ewm01781 ● run the boat at the lowest possibl...
Page 51: Operation
Operation 46 2. Push the tilt lock lever down to release it. 3. Pull up the shallow water lever. 4. Slightly tilt the outboard motor up. The tilt support bar will lock automatically, supporting the outboard motor in a par- tially raised position. This outboard mo- tor has 2 positions for shallow wat...
Page 52: Operation
Operation 47 in it, such as muddy or turbid (cloudy) water. After operating in such water, flush the cool- ing passages with fresh water to prevent cor- rosion. Also rinse the outside of the outboard motor with fresh water..
Page 53: Maintenance
48 maintenance emu28226 transporting and storing outboard motor warning ewm00692 ● use care when transporting fuel tank, whether in a boat or car. ● do not fill fuel container to maximum capacity. Gasoline will expand consid- erably as it warms up and can build up pressure in the fuel container. Thi...
Page 54: Maintenance
Maintenance 49 lowing procedures. Notice ecm01411 ● do not place the outboard motor on its side before the cooling water has drained from it completely, otherwise water may enter the cylinder through the exhaust port and cause engine trou- ble. ● store the outboard motor in a dry, well- ventilated p...
Page 55: Maintenance
Maintenance 50 stops. 11. Drain the cooling water completely out of the motor. Clean the body thoroughly. 12. If the “fogging oil” is not available, re- move the spark plug(s). Pour a tea- spoonful of clean engine oil into each cylinder. Crank several times manually. Replace the spark plug(s). 13. D...
Page 56: Maintenance
Maintenance 51 tor before operation. Emu28511 replacement parts if replacement parts are necessary, use only genuine yamaha parts or parts of equivalent design and quality. Any part of inferior quality may malfunction, and the resulting loss of control could endanger the operator and passengers. Yam...
Page 57: Maintenance
Maintenance 52 emu34445 maintenance chart 1 tip: ● refer to the sections in this chapter for explanations of each owner-specific action. ● the maintenance cycle on these charts assume usage of 100 hours per year and regular flushing of the cooling water passages. Maintenance frequency should be adju...
Page 58: Maintenance
Maintenance 53 fuel line(high pres- sure) inspection or replace- ment as necessary fuel line(low pres- sure) inspection fuel line(low pres- sure) inspection or replace- ment as necessary fuel pump inspection or replace- ment as necessary fuel/oil leakage inspection gear oil replacement greasing poin...
Page 59: Maintenance
Maintenance 54 emu34451 maintenance chart 2 item actions every 1000 hours guide exhaust/exhaust manifold inspection or replace- ment as necessary.
Page 60: Maintenance
Maintenance 55 emu28941 greasing yamaha grease a (water resistant grease) yamaha grease d (corrosion resistant grease; for propeller shaft) 20d, 25n emu28955 cleaning and adjusting spark plug the spark plug is an important engine com- ponent and is easy to inspect. The condition of the spark plug ca...
Page 61: Maintenance
Maintenance 56 move and inspect the spark plug because heat and deposits will cause the spark plug to slowly break down and erode. If electrode erosion becomes excessive, or if carbon and other deposits are excessive, you should re- place the spark plug with another of the cor- rect type. 1. Remove ...
Page 62: Maintenance
Maintenance 57 from the flywheel and other rotating parts while the engine is running. Notice ecm00490 this procedure must be performed while the outboard motor is in the water. A flushing attachment or test tank can be used. A diagnostic tachometer should be used for this procedure. Results may var...
Page 63: Maintenance
Maintenance 58 ● check each of the propeller blades for wear, erosion from cavitation or ventila- tion, or other damage. ● check the propeller shaft for damage. ● check the splines for wear or damage. ● check for fish line tangled around the pro- peller shaft. ● check the propeller shaft oil seal fo...
Page 64: Maintenance
Maintenance 59 tip: if the propeller nut does not align with the propeller shaft hole after tightening to the specified torque, tighten the nut further to align it with the hole. Emu29287 changing gear oil warning ewm00800 ● be sure the outboard motor is securely fastened to the transom or a stable ...
Page 65: Maintenance
Maintenance 60 6. Put a new gasket on the oil level plug. When the oil begins to flow out of the oil level plug hole, insert and tighten the oil level plug. 7. Put a new gasket on the gear oil drain screw. Insert and tighten the gear oil drain screw. Emu29302 cleaning fuel tank warning ewm00920 gaso...
Page 66: Maintenance
Maintenance 61 them ineffective. Tip: inspect ground leads attached to external anodes on equipped models. Consult a yamaha dealer for inspection and replace- ment of internal anodes attached to the pow- er unit. Emu29322 checking battery (for electric start models) warning ewm01900 battery electrol...
Page 67: Maintenance
Maintenance 62 positive (+) terminal first. Then con- nect the black battery cable to the neg- ative (-) terminal. 3. The electrical contacts of the battery and cables must be clean and properly con- nected, or the battery will not start the engine. Emu29371 disconnecting the battery 1. Turn off the...
Page 68: Trouble Recovery
63 trouble recovery emu29427 troubleshooting a problem in the fuel, compression, or igni- tion systems can cause poor starting, loss of power, or other problems. This section de- scribes basic checks and possible remedies, and covers all yamaha outboard motors. Therefore some items may not apply to ...
Page 69: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 64 q. Is fuel system obstructed? A. Check for pinched or kinked fuel line or other obstructions in fuel system. Q. Is fuel contaminated or stale? A. Fill tank with clean, fresh fuel. Q. Is fuel filter clogged? A. Clean or replace filter. Q. Have ignition parts failed? A. Have servic...
Page 70: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 65 q. Is load on boat improperly distributed? A. Distribute load to place boat on an even plane. Q. Is water pump or thermostat faulty? A. Have serviced by a yamaha dealer. Q. Is there excess water in fuel filter cup? A. Drain filter cup. Engine power loss. Q. Is propeller damaged? ...
Page 71: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 66 q. Is fuel joint connection incorrect? A. Connect correctly. Q. Is heat range of spark plug incorrect? A. Inspect spark plug and replace it with rec- ommended type. Q. Is high pressure fuel pump drive belt bro- ken? A. Have serviced by a yamaha dealer. Q. Is engine not responding...
Page 72: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 67 consult your yamaha dealer if the new fuse immediately blows again. Emu29533 starter will not operate if the starter mechanism does not operate (the engine cannot be cranked with the start- er), the engine can be started with an emer- gency starter rope. Warning ewm01022 ● use th...
Page 73: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 68 3. Remove the starter/flywheel cover after removing the bolt(s). 4. Prepare the engine for starting. For fur- ther information, see page 31. Be sure the engine is in neutral and that the clip is attached to the engine shut-off switch. The main switch must be “ ” (on), if equipped...
Page 74: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 69 and start the engine. Repeat if neces- sary. Emu33500 treatment of submerged motor if the outboard motor is submerged, immedi- ately take it to a yamaha dealer. Otherwise some corrosion may begin almost immedi- ately. Notice ecm00400 do not attempt to run the outboard motor until...
Page 76
Yamaha motor co., ltd. Printed on recycled paper printed in japan april 2008–0.1 × 1 !.