- DL manuals
- Yamaha
- Outboard Motor
- 20D
- Owner's Manual
Yamaha 20D Owner's Manual
Summary of 20D
Page 1
Q q q q read this manual carefully before operating this outboard motor. Owner’s manual 20d 25n 6l3-28199-7c-e0
Page 2
Emu25052 read this manual carefully before operating this outboard motor. Keep this manual onboard in a waterproof bag when boating. This manual should stay with the outboard motor if it is sold..
Page 3: Important Manual Information
Important manual information emu25105 to the owner thank you for choosing a yamaha outboard motor. This owner’s manual contains infor- mation needed for proper operation, mainte- nance and care. A thorough understanding of these simple instructions will help you ob- tain maximum enjoyment from your ...
Page 4: Table of Contents
Table of contents safety information............................. 1 outboard motor safety .................... 1 propeller............................................ 1 rotating parts.................................... 1 hot parts ........................................... 1 electric shock ..........
Page 5: Table of Contents
Table of contents installation ....................................... 25 installation ..................................... 25 mounting the outboard motor .......... 25 clamping the outboard motor ......... 26 operation ......................................... 28 first-time operation ................
Page 6: Table of Contents
Table of contents starter will not operate .................... 69 emergency starting engine ............. 69 treatment of submerged motor..... 71.
Page 7: Safety Information
1 safety information emu33622 outboard motor safety observe these precautions at all times. Emu36501 propeller people can be injured or killed if they come in contact with the propeller. The propeller can keep moving even when the motor is in neutral, and sharp edges of the propeller can cut even wh...
Page 8: Safety Information
Safety information 2 death when inhaled. Symptoms include nau- sea, dizziness, and drowsiness. Keep cock- pit and cabin areas well ventilated. Avoid blocking exhaust outlets. Emu33780 modifications do not attempt to modify this outboard mo- tor. Modifications to your outboard motor may reduce safety...
Page 9: Safety Information
Safety information 3 operate defensively at safe speeds and keep a safe distance away from people, ob- jects, and other boats. ● do not follow directly behind other boats or waterskiers. ● avoid sharp turns or other maneuvers that make it hard for others to avoid you or un- derstand where you are go...
Page 10: General Information
4 general information emu25171 identification numbers record emu25183 outboard motor serial number the outboard motor serial number is stamped on the label attached to the port side of the clamp bracket. Record your outboard motor serial number in the spaces provided to assist you in ordering spare ...
Page 11: General Information
General information 5 1. Ce marking location zmu03683 1 zmu06040
Page 12: General Information
General information 6 emu33520 read manuals and labels before operating or working on this motor: ● read this manual. ● read any manuals supplied with the boat. ● read all labels on the outboard motor and the boat. If you need any additional information, contact your yamaha dealer. Emu33831 warning ...
Page 13: General Information
General information 7 emu33912 contents of labels the above warning labels mean as follows. 1 warning ewm01691 emergency starting does not have start- in-gear protection. Ensure shift control is in neutral before starting engine. 2 warning ewm01681 ● keep hands, hair, and clothing away from rotating...
Page 14: General Information
General information 8 emu33843 symbols the following symbols mean as follows. Notice/warning read owner’s manual hazard caused by continuous rotation electrical hazard remote control lever/gear shift lever operat- ing direction, dual direction engine start/ engine cranking zmu05696 zmu05664 zmu05665...
Page 15: Specifications
9 specifications and requirements emu31480 specifications tip: “(al)” stated in the specification data below represents the numerical value for the alumi- num propeller installed. Likewise, “(sus)” represents the value for stainless steel propeller installed and “(pl)” for plastic propeller installe...
Page 16: Installation Requirements
Specifications and requirements 10 forward-neutral-reverse gear ratio: 2.08 (27/13) trim and tilt system: manual tilt propeller mark: f fuel and oil: recommended fuel: regular unleaded gasoline min. Research octane: 90 fuel tank capacity: 25 l (6.60 us gal, 5.50 imp.Gal) recommended engine oil: yama...
Page 17: Battery Requirements
Specifications and requirements 11 your yamaha dealer. The remote control unit must be equipped with a start-in-gear protection device(s). This device prevents the engine from starting un- less it is in neutral. Emu25694 battery requirements emu25721 battery specifications the engine cannot be start...
Page 18: Start-In-Gear Protection
Specifications and requirements 12 emu25770 start-in-gear protection yamaha outboard motors or yamaha-ap- proved remote control units are equipped with start-in-gear protection device(s). This feature permits the engine to be started only when it is in neutral. Always select neutral before starting ...
Page 19: Anti-Fouling Paint
Specifications and requirements 13 emu36330 anti-fouling paint a clean hull improves boat performance. The boat bottom should be kept as clean of ma- rine growth as possible. If necessary, the boat bottom can be coated with an anti-foul- ing paint approved for your area to inhibit marine growth. Do ...
Page 20: Components
14 components emu2579m components diagram tip: * may not be exactly as shown; also may not be included as standard equipment on all mod- els. 20d, 25n emu25802 fuel tank if your model was equipped with a portable fuel tank, its function is as follows. Warning ewm00020 the fuel tank supplied with thi...
Page 21: Components
Components 15 be used as a fuel storage container. Com- mercial users should conform to relevant licensing or approval authority regula- tions. Emu25830 fuel joint this joint is used to connect the fuel line. Emu25841 fuel gauge this gauge is located on either the fuel tank cap or on the fuel joint ...
Page 22: Components
Components 16 emu26201 neutral interlock trigger to shift out of neutral, first pull the neutral in- terlock trigger up. Emu26211 neutral throttle lever to open the throttle without shifting into ei- ther forward or reverse, put the remote con- trol lever in the neutral position and lift the neutral...
Page 23: Components
Components 17 emu25941 throttle grip the throttle grip is on the tiller handle. Turn the grip counterclockwise to increase speed and clockwise to decrease speed. Emu25961 throttle indicator the fuel consumption curve on the throttle indicator shows the relative amount of fuel consumed for each throt...
Page 24: Components
Components 18 when constant speed is desired, tighten the adjuster to maintain the desired throttle set- ting. Emu25993 engine shut-off cord (lanyard) and clip the clip must be attached to the engine shut- off switch for the engine to run. The cord should be attached to a secure place on the operato...
Page 25: Components
Components 19 emu26011 choke knob for pull type to supply the engine with the rich fuel mix- ture required to start, pull out this knob. Emu26070 manual starter handle to start the engine, first gently pull the han- dle out until resistance is felt. From that posi- tion, then pull the handle straigh...
Page 26: Components
Components 20 to increase resistance, turn the adjuster clockwise. To decrease resistance, turn the adjuster counterclockwise. Warning ewm00040 do not overtighten the friction adjuster. If there is too much resistance, it could be difficult to steer, which could result in an accident. Emu26244 trim ...
Page 27: Components
Components 21 to provide more clearance when operating in shallow water. Emu30530 tilt lock mechanism the tilt lock mechanism is used to prevent the outboard motor from lifting out of the wa- ter when in reverse gear. To lock it, set the tilt lock lever in the lock po- sition. To release, push the t...
Page 28: Components
Components 22 emu26410 2-pin connector ac 12 v-40/60/80w power is delivered through this connector. When using it, keep in mind the following points: ● use a genuine yamaha connector. ● use lighting equipment only. ● connect lighting equipment directly to the 2-pin connector. ● capacity of the light...
Page 29: Engine Control System
23 engine control system emu26803 alert system notice ecm00091 do not continue to operate the engine if a alert device has activated. Consult your yamaha dealer if the problem cannot be located and corrected. Emu2681a overheat alert this engine has an overheat-alert device. If the engine temperature...
Page 30: Engine Control System
Engine control system 24 if the alert system has been activated, stop the engine and check for the cause. Tip: the alert for oil filter clogging is similar to the alerts for low oil level and overheating. To make troubleshooting easier, check for en- gine overheating first, then oil level, and fi- n...
Page 31: Installation
25 installation emu26902 installation the information presented in this section is intended as reference only. It is not possible to provide complete instructions for every possible boat and motor combination. Prop- er mounting depends in part on experience and the specific boat and motor combinatio...
Page 32: Installation
Installation 26 notice ecm01631 ● check that the idle hole stays high enough to keep out water getting inside engine even if the boat is in stationary with maximum load. ● incorrect engine height or obstructions to the smooth flow of water (such as the design or condition of the boat, or ac- cessori...
Page 33: Installation
Installation 27 3. Secure the clamp bracket to the transom using the bolts provided with the out- board (if packed). For details, consult your yamaha dealer. Warning! Avoid using bolts, nuts or washers other than those contained in the engine packaging. If used, they must be of at least the same qua...
Page 34: Operation
28 operation emu36381 first-time operation emu27020 breaking in engine your new engine requires a period of break- in to allow mating surfaces of moving parts to wear in evenly. Correct break-in will help en- sure proper performance and longer engine life. Notice ecm00140 ● failure to follow the bre...
Page 35: Operation
Operation 29 dent could occur. Notice ecm00120 do not start the engine out of water. Over- heating and serious engine damage can occur. Emu37141 fuel level be sure you have plenty of fuel for your trip. A good rule is to use 1/3 of your fuel to get to the destination, 1/3 to return, and to keep 1/ 3...
Page 36: Operation
Operation 30 to the fully open position. Make sure that it turns smoothly and that it completely re- turns to the fully closed position. ● look for loose or damaged connections of the throttle and shift cables. Remote control models: ● turn the steering wheel full-right and full- left. Make sure ope...
Page 37: Operation
Operation 31 been expelled, the oil injection system should supply oil normally. If no oil is flowing after 10 minutes of idling, consult your yamaha dealer. Notice ecm01260 be sure to take the above steps when op- erating the engine after a long period of storage. Otherwise engine seizure could occ...
Page 38: Operation
Operation 32 emu27234 filling fuel and engine oil emu27247 filling fuel for portable tank warning ewm01830 ● gasoline and its vapors are highly flam- mable and explosive. Always refuel ac- cording to this procedure to reduce the risk of fire and explosion. ● gasoline is poisonous and can cause injur...
Page 39: Operation
Operation 33 10. Wipe up any spilled gasoline immediate- ly with dry rags. Dispose rags properly according to local laws or regulations. Emu27301 filling oil for manual starter model warning ewm00530 do not add gasoline into the oil tank. Fire or explosion could result. This engine uses the yamaha o...
Page 40: Operation
Operation 34 emu27321 oil level indicator operation the various functions of the oil level system are as follows: emu27334 emu27451 operating engine emu27466 sending fuel (portable tank) warning ewm00420 ● before starting the engine, make sure that the boat is tightly moored and that you can steer c...
Page 41: Operation
Operation 35 tip: wipe up any spilled gasoline immediately with dry rags. Dispose rags properly accord- ing to local laws or regulations. 3. Squeeze the primer pump, with the ar- row pointing up, until you feel it become firm. During engine operation place the tank horizontally, otherwise fuel canno...
Page 42: Operation
Operation 36 tip: the start-in-gear protection device prevents the engine from starting except when in neu- tral. 2. Attach the engine shut-off cord to a se- cure place on your clothing, or your arm or leg. Then install the clip on the other end of the cord into the engine shut-off switch. 3. Place ...
Page 43: Operation
Operation 37 tip: ● when the engine is cold, it needs to be warmed up. For further information, see page 41. ● if the engine does not start on the first try, repeat the procedure. If the engine fails to start after 4 or 5 tries, open the throttle a small amount (between 1/8 and 1/4) and try again. A...
Page 44: Operation
Operation 38 tip: ● as a starting point, lift the lever just until you feel resistance, then lift slightly more. ● the neutral throttle lever can only be used when the remote control lever is in neutral. 4. Pull out / turn the choke knob fully. After the engine starts, replace / return the knob to t...
Page 45: Operation
Operation 39 control. Also, without engine power, the boat could slow rapidly. This could cause people and objects in the boat to be thrown forward. 1. Place the remote control lever in neutral. Tip: the start-in-gear protection device prevents the engine from starting except when in neu- tral. 2. A...
Page 46: Operation
Operation 40 pressed in. Tip: ● it is not necessary to use the choke when starting a warm engine. ● push in the main switch fully, or the remote choke system will not operate. 6. Turn the main switch to “ ” (start), and hold it for a maximum of 5 seconds. 7. Immediately after the engine starts, re- ...
Page 47: Operation
Operation 41 emu27670 warming up engine emu27683 choke start models after starting the engine, allow it to idle for 3 minutes to warm up. Failure to do so will shorten engine life. Gradually return the choke knob to its home position as the en- gine warms up. Emu36530 checks after engine warm-up emu...
Page 48: Operation
Operation 42 to shift from in gear (forward/reverse) to neutral 1. Close the throttle so that the engine slows to idle speed. 2. After the engine is at idle speed in gear move the remote control lever / gear shift lever firmly and crisply into the neu- tral position. Emu31742 stopping boat warning e...
Page 49: Operation
Operation 43 pact the steering wheel or other parts of the boat. This could increase the risk of serious injury. It could also damage the shift mechanism. ● do not shift into reverse while traveling at planing speeds. Loss of control, boat swamping, or damage to the boat could occur. The boat is not...
Page 50: Operation
Operation 44 gine shut-off switch, then turning the main switch to “ ” (off). Emu27862 trimming outboard motor warning ewm00740 excessive trim for the operating condi- tions (either trim up or trim down) can cause boat instability and can make steering the boat more difficult. This in- creases the p...
Page 51: Operation
Operation 45 3. Reposition the rod in the desired hole. To raise the bow (“trim-out”), move the rod away from the transom. To lower the bow (“trim-in”), move the rod to- ward the transom. Make test runs with the trim set to different angles to find the position that works best for your boat and oper...
Page 52: Operation
Operation 46 ating with excessive trim-in at higher speeds also makes the boat unstable. Resistance at the bow is greatly increased, heightening the danger of “bow steering” and making opera- tion difficult and dangerous. Tip: depending on the type of boat, the outboard motor trim angle may have lit...
Page 53: Operation
Operation 47 3. Place the tilt lock lever (if equipped) in the release/up position. 4. Pull up the shallow water lever (if equipped). 5. Hold the rear of the top cowling with one hand and tilt the engine up fully. 6. Push the tilt support knob into the clamp bracket. Or the tilt support bar will tur...
Page 54: Operation
Operation 48 emu28061 shallow water emu28073 cruising in shallow water (manual tilt models) warning ewm01781 ● run the boat at the lowest possible speed when using the shallow water cruising system. The tilt lock mecha- nism does not work while the shallow water cruising system is being used. Hittin...
Page 55: Operation
Operation 49 4. Slightly tilt the outboard motor up. The tilt support bar will lock automatically, supporting the outboard motor in a par- tially raised position. This outboard mo- tor has 2 positions for shallow water cruising. 5. To return the outboard motor to the nor- mal running position, place...
Page 56: Maintenance
50 maintenance emu28227 transporting and storing outboard motor warning ewm00693 ● use care when transporting fuel tank, whether in a boat or car. ● do not fill fuel container to maximum capacity. Gasoline will expand consid- erably as it warms up and can build up pressure in the fuel container. Thi...
Page 57: Maintenance
Maintenance 51 lowing procedures. Notice ecm01411 ● do not place the outboard motor on its side before the cooling water has drained from it completely, otherwise water may enter the cylinder through the exhaust port and cause engine trou- ble. ● store the outboard motor in a dry, well- ventilated p...
Page 58: Maintenance
Maintenance 52 stops. 11. Drain the cooling water completely out of the motor. Clean the body thoroughly. 12. If the “fogging oil” is not available, re- move the spark plug(s). Pour a tea- spoonful of clean engine oil into each cylinder. Crank several times manually. Replace the spark plug(s). 13. D...
Page 59: Maintenance
Maintenance 53 emu28511 replacement parts if replacement parts are necessary, use only genuine yamaha parts or parts of equivalent design and quality. Any part of inferior quality may malfunction, and the resulting loss of control could endanger the operator and passengers. Yamaha genuine parts and ...
Page 60: Maintenance
Maintenance 54 emu34445 maintenance chart 1 tip: ● refer to the sections in this chapter for explanations of each owner-specific action. ● the maintenance cycle on these charts assume usage of 100 hours per year and regular flushing of the cooling water passages. Maintenance frequency should be adju...
Page 61: Maintenance
Maintenance 55 fuel line(high pres- sure) inspection or replace- ment as necessary fuel line(low pres- sure) inspection fuel line(low pres- sure) inspection or replace- ment as necessary fuel pump inspection or replace- ment as necessary fuel/engine oil leakage inspection gear oil replacement greasi...
Page 62: Maintenance
Maintenance 56 emu34451 maintenance chart 2 wire harness connec- tions/wire coupler con- nections inspection or replace- ment as necessary (yamaha) fuel tank inspection and clean- ing as necessary item actions every 1000 hours exhaust guide/exhaust manifold inspection or replace- ment as necessary i...
Page 63: Maintenance
Maintenance 57 emu28941 greasing yamaha grease a (water resistant grease) yamaha grease d (corrosion resistant grease; for propeller shaft) 20d, 25n emu28956 cleaning and adjusting spark plug the spark plug is an important engine com- ponent and is easy to inspect. The condition of the spark plug ca...
Page 64: Maintenance
Maintenance 58 move and inspect the spark plug because heat and deposits will cause the spark plug to slowly break down and erode. 1. Remove the spark plug caps from the spark plugs. 2. Remove the spark plug. If electrode ero- sion becomes excessive, or if carbon and other deposits are excessive, yo...
Page 65: Maintenance
Maintenance 59 parts while the engine is running. Notice ecm00490 this procedure must be performed while the outboard motor is in the water. A flushing attachment or test tank can be used. If the boat is not equipped with a tachometer for the outboard motor, use a diagnostic ta- chometer for this pr...
Page 66: Maintenance
Maintenance 60 checkpoints ● check each of the propeller blades for ero- sion from cavitation or ventilation, or other damage. ● check the propeller shaft for damage. ● check the splines for wear or damage. ● check for fish line tangled around the pro- peller shaft. ● check the propeller shaft oil s...
Page 67: Maintenance
Maintenance 61 specified torque. 4. Align the propeller nut with the propeller shaft hole. Insert a new cotter pin in the hole and bend the cotter pin ends. Notice: do not reuse the cotter pin installed. Otherwise the propeller can come off during operation. [ecm01890] tip: if the propeller nut does...
Page 68: Maintenance
Maintenance 62 ing device, inject the gear oil into the gear oil drain screw hole. 6. Put a new gasket on the oil level plug. When the oil begins to flow out of the oil level plug hole, insert and tighten the oil level plug. 7. Put a new gasket on the gear oil drain screw. Insert and tighten the gea...
Page 69: Maintenance
Maintenance 63 from the surfaces of the anodes. Consult a yamaha dealer for replacement of external anodes. Notice ecm00720 do not paint anodes, as this would render them ineffective. Tip: inspect ground leads attached to external anodes on equipped models. Consult a yamaha dealer for inspection and...
Page 70: Maintenance
Maintenance 64 age the electrical parts. 1. Make sure the main switch (on applica- ble models) is “ ” (off) before working on the battery. 2. Connect the red battery cable to the positive (+) terminal first. Then con- nect the black battery cable to the neg- ative (-) terminal. 3. The electrical con...
Page 71: Trouble Recovery
65 trouble recovery emu29427 troubleshooting a problem in the fuel, compression, or igni- tion systems can cause poor starting, loss of power, or other problems. This section de- scribes basic checks and possible remedies, and covers all yamaha outboard motors. Therefore some items may not apply to ...
Page 72: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 66 q. Is fuel system obstructed? A. Check for pinched or kinked fuel line or other obstructions in fuel system. Q. Is fuel contaminated or stale? A. Fill tank with clean, fresh fuel. Q. Is fuel filter clogged? A. Clean or replace filter. Q. Have ignition parts failed? A. Have servic...
Page 73: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 67 q. Is load on boat improperly distributed? A. Distribute load to place boat on an even plane. Q. Is water pump or thermostat faulty? A. Have serviced by a yamaha dealer. Q. Is there excess water in fuel filter cup? A. Drain filter cup. Engine power loss. Q. Is propeller damaged? ...
Page 74: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 68 q. Is fuel joint connection incorrect? A. Connect correctly. Q. Is heat range of spark plug incorrect? A. Inspect spark plug and replace it with rec- ommended type. Q. Is high pressure fuel pump drive belt bro- ken? A. Have serviced by a yamaha dealer. Q. Is engine not responding...
Page 75: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 69 consult your yamaha dealer if the new fuse immediately blows again. Emu29533 starter will not operate if the starter mechanism does not operate (the engine cannot be cranked with the start- er), the engine can be started with an emer- gency starter rope. Warning ewm01022 ● use th...
Page 76: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 70 3. Remove the starter/flywheel cover after removing the bolt(s). 4. Prepare the engine for starting. For fur- ther information, see page 35. Be sure the engine is in neutral and that the clip is attached to the engine shut-off switch. The main switch must be “ ” (on), if equipped...
Page 77: Trouble Recovery
Trouble recovery 71 and start the engine. Repeat if neces- sary. Emu33501 treatment of submerged motor if the outboard motor is submerged, immedi- ately take it to a yamaha dealer. Otherwise some corrosion may begin almost immedi- ately. Notice: do not attempt to run the outboard motor until it has ...
Page 78
Yamaha motor co., ltd. Printed on recycled paper printed in japan april 2009–0.1 × 1 !.