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ABB RED615 Technical Manual

Manual is about: 615 series

Summary of RED615

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    Relion ® protection and control 615 series technical manual.

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    Document id: 1yht530004d05 issued: 2014-09-12 revision: d product version: 4.1.1 © copyright 2014 abb. All rights reserved.

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    Copyright this document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written permission from abb, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party, nor used for any unauthorized purpose. The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a license and ...

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    Disclaimer the data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept or product description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed properties. All persons responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this manual must satisfy themselves that each intende...

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    Conformity this product complies with the directive of the council of the european communities on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to electromagnetic compatibility (emc directive 2004/108/ec) and concerning electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits (low-...

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    Table of contents section 1 introduction.....................................................................25 this manual......................................................................................25 intended audience..........................................................................

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    Functionality................................................................................71 fault records.....................................................................................73 non-volatile memory.........................................................................77 binary i...

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    Function block........................................................................99 functionality...........................................................................99 signals....................................................................................99 goosercv_int8 function blo...

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    Settings................................................................................107 t_dir function block.................................................................107 functionality.........................................................................107 signals.........................

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    Settings................................................................................129 move function block mvgapc..................................................129 function block......................................................................129 functionality..............................

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    Monitored data.....................................................................175 technical data......................................................................176 three-phase directional overcurrent protection dphxpdoc.........................................................................

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    Function block......................................................................232 functionality.........................................................................232 operation principle...............................................................233 application............................

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    Function block......................................................................263 functionality.........................................................................263 operation principle...............................................................264 measurement modes......................

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    Application............................................................................330 signals..................................................................................334 settings................................................................................335 monitored data.............

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    Function block......................................................................423 functionality.........................................................................423 operation principle...............................................................423 application............................

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    Technical data......................................................................456 phase reversal protection prevptoc.....................................456 identification.........................................................................456 function block...................................

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    Signals..................................................................................479 settings................................................................................479 monitored data.....................................................................480 technical data.................

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    Operation principle...............................................................494 application............................................................................500 signals..................................................................................501 settings.........................

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    Settings......................................................................................535 monitored data...........................................................................536 technical data...........................................................................536 section 5 protec...

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    Technical data...........................................................................560 emergency startup esmgapc......................................................560 identification..............................................................................560 function block.................

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    Operation principle....................................................................581 application.................................................................................583 signals.......................................................................................587 settings..........

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    Settings......................................................................................605 technical data...........................................................................605 section 7 condition monitoring functions.....................................607 circuit breaker condition mo...

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    Residual current measurement rescmmxu...........................638 identification.........................................................................638 function block......................................................................638 signals.................................................

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    Monitored data.....................................................................648 technical data......................................................................649 disturbance recorder......................................................................649 functionality.....................

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    Disconnector position indicator dcsxswi and earthing switch indication essxswi.......................................................................676 identification..............................................................................676 function block........................................

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    Fast trip in switch on to fault................................................720 signals.......................................................................................721 settings......................................................................................722 monitored data..........

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    Functionality..............................................................................769 operation principle....................................................................769 application.................................................................................770 signals..............

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    Idmt curve saturation of undervoltage protection...............838 frequency measurement and protection........................................838 measurement modes......................................................................839 calculated measurements..........................................

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    24.

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    Section 1 introduction 1.1 this manual the technical manual contains application and functionality descriptions and lists function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and technical data sorted per function. The manual can be used as a technical reference during the e...

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    1.3 product documentation 1.3.1 product documentation set p la n n in g & p u rc h a s e e n g in e e ri n g in s ta lla ti o n c o m m is s io n in g o p e ra ti o n m a in te n a n c e d e c o m m is s io n in g , d e in s ta lla ti o n & d is p o s a l quick start guide quick installation guide b...

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    1.3.3 related documentation product series- and product-specific manuals can be downloaded from the abb website http://www.Abb.Com/substationautomation . 1.4 symbols and conventions 1.4.1 symbols the electrical warning icon indicates the presence of a hazard which could result in electrical shock. T...

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    To navigate between the options, use and . • hmi menu paths are presented in bold. Select main menu/settings. • lhmi messages are shown in courier font. To save the changes in non-volatile memory, select yes and press . • parameter names are shown in italics. The function can be enabled and disabled...

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    Function iec 61850 iec 60617 iec-ansi three-phase directional overcurrent protection that contains three independent phase-segregated timers, low stage, instance 2 dph3lpdoc2 3i> -> (2) 67-1 (2) three-phase directional overcurrent protection that contains three independent phase-segregated timers, h...

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    Function iec 61850 iec 60617 iec-ansi negative-sequence overcurrent protection for motors, instance 1 mnsptoc1 i2>m (1) 46m (1) negative-sequence overcurrent protection for motors, instance 2 mnsptoc2 i2>m (2) 46m (2) loss of load supervision loflptuc1 3i 37 motor load jam protection jamptoc1 ist> 5...

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    Function iec 61850 iec 60617 iec-ansi tap changer control with voltage regulator olatcc1 coltc 90v synchronism and energizing check secrsyn1 sync 25 condition monitoring circuit-breaker condition monitoring sscbr1 cbcm cbcm trip circuit supervision, instance 1 tcsscbr1 tcs (1) tcm (1) trip circuit s...

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    32.

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    Section 2 615 series overview 2.1 overview 615 series is a product family of ieds designed for protection, control, measurement and supervision of utility substations and industrial switchgear and equipment. The design of the ieds has been guided by the iec 61850 standard for communication and inter...

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    Product series version product series history 3.0 new product: • reu615 with configurations a and b new configurations: • ref615 g and k • ret615 e-h • rem615 a, b and j additions for configurations: • ref615 a, b, e, f and j • ret615 a, b, c, d, j and k • rem615 c • red615 b platform enhancements: ...

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    2.1.2 pcm600 and ied connectivity package version • protection and control ied manager pcm600 ver. 2.6 or later • red615 connectivity package ver. 4.1 or later • ref615 connectivity package ver. 4.1 or later • rem615 connectivity package ver. 4.1 or later • ret615 connectivity package ver. 4.1 or la...

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    Ref615 overcurrent dir. Earth-fault voltage protection phase unbalance thermal overload breaker failure disturb. Rec. Triggered cb condition monitoring supervision arc detected autoreclose shot in progr. A070704 v3 en figure 2: example of the lhmi 2.2.1 display the lhmi includes a graphical display ...

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    The display view is divided into four basic areas. 1 2 3 4 a070705 v3 en figure 3: display layout 1 header 2 icon 3 content 4 scroll bar (displayed when needed) 2.2.2 leds the lhmi includes three protection indicators above the display: ready, start and trip. There are also 11 matrix programmable le...

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    A071176 v1 en figure 4: lhmi keypad with object control, navigation and command push- buttons and rj-45 communication port 2.3 web hmi the whmi allows accessing the ied via a web browser. The supported web browser versions are internet explorer 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0. Whmi is disabled by default. Whmi off...

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    A070754 v4 en figure 5: example view of the whmi the whmi can be accessed locally and remotely. • locally by connecting the laptop to the ied via the front communication port. • remotely over lan/wan. 2.4 authorization the user categories have been predefined for the lhmi and the whmi, each with dif...

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    Table 4: predefined user categories username user rights viewer read only access operator • selecting remote or local state with (only locally) • changing setting groups • controlling • clearing indications engineer • changing settings • clearing event list • clearing disturbance records • changing ...

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    Audit trail event description setting group local user changed setting group locally control remote dpc object control remote control local dpc object control local test on test mode on test off test mode off setting commit settings have been changed time change view audit log administrator accessed...

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    Audit trail event authority logging level logout ● firmware reset ● audit overflow ● 2.5 communication the ied supports a range of communication protocols including iec 61850, iec 60870-5-103 and modbus ® . Operational information and controls are available through these protocols. However, some com...

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    Managed ethernet switch with rstp support managed ethernet switch with rstp support client b client a network a network b guid-283597af-9f38-4fc7-b87a-73bfda272d0f v3 en figure 6: self-healing ethernet ring solution the ethernet ring solution supports the connection of up to 30 ieds. If more than 30...

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    44.

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    Section 3 basic functions 3.1 general parameters table 7: analog input settings, phase currents parameter values (range) unit step default description secondary current 2=1a 3=5a 2=1a rated secondary current primary current 1.0...6000.0 a 0.1 100.0 rated primary current amplitude corr. A 0.900...1.1...

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    Parameter values (range) unit step default description amplitude corr. B 0.900...1.100 0.001 1.000 phase b voltage phasor magnitude correction of an external voltage transformer amplitude corr. C 0.900...1.100 0.001 1.000 phase c voltage phasor magnitude correction of an external voltage transformer...

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    Table 13: ethernet front port settings parameter values (range) unit step default description ip address 192.168.0.254 ip address for front port (fixed) mac address xx-xx-xx-xx- xx-xx mac address for front port table 14: ethernet rear port settings parameter values (range) unit step default descript...

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    Table 18: general system settings parameter values (range) unit step default description rated frequency 1=50hz 1=50hz rated frequency of the network phase rotation 1=abc 2=acb 1=abc phase rotation order blocking mode 1=freeze timer 2=block all 3=block operate output 1=freeze timer behaviour for fun...

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    Parameter values (range) unit step default description class1priority 1 0=ev high 1=ev/dr equal 2=dr high 0=ev high class 1 data sending priority relationship between events and disturbance recorder data. Frame1inuse 1 -1=not in use 0=user frame 1=standard frame 1 2=standard frame 2 3=standard frame...

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    Parameter values (range) unit step default description class1ovind 1 0=no indication 1=both edges 2=rising edge 2=rising edge overflow indication for instance 1 class1ovftype 1 0...255 10 function type for class 1 overflow indication for instance 1 class1ovinfno 1 0...255 255 information number for ...

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    Parameter values (range) unit step default description frame2inuse 2 -1=not in use 0=user frame 1=standard frame 1 2=standard frame 2 3=standard frame 3 4=standard frame 4 5=standard frame 5 6=private frame 6 7=private frame 7 -1=not in use active class2 frame 2 for instance 2 frame3inuse 2 -1=not i...

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    Table 21: iec 61850-8-1 mms settings parameter values (range) unit step default description unit mode 1=primary 0=nominal 2=primary-nominal 0=nominal iec 61850-8-1 unit mode table 22: modbus settings parameter values (range) unit step default description serial port 1 0=not in use 1=com 1 2=com 2 0=...

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    Parameter values (range) unit step default description ctlstructpwd1 **** password for modbus control struct 1 ctlstructpwd2 **** password for modbus control struct 2 ctlstructpwd3 **** password for modbus control struct 3 ctlstructpwd4 **** password for modbus control struct 4 ctlstructpwd5 **** pa...

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    Table 24: serial communication settings parameter values (range) unit step default description fiber mode 0=no fiber 2=fiber optic 0=no fiber fiber mode for com2 serial mode 1=rs485 2wire 2=rs485 4wire 3=rs232 no handshake 4=rs232 with handshake 1=rs485 2wire serial mode for com2 cts delay 0...60000...

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    Parameter values (range) unit step default description dst on day 0=not in use 1=mon 2=tue 3=wed 4=thu 5=fri 6=sat 7=sun 0=not in use daylight savings time on, day of week dst offset -720...720 min 0 daylight savings time offset, in minutes dst off time 02:00 daylight savings time off, time (hh:mm) ...

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    Table 28: x110 bio binary input signals name type description x110-input 1 boolean connectors 1-2 x110-input 2 boolean connectors 3-4 x110-input 3 boolean connectors 5-6c x110-input 4 boolean connectors 7-6c x110-input 5 boolean connectors 8-9c x110-input 6 boolean connectors 10-9c x110-input 7 bool...

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    Table 30: x120 aim binary input signals name type description x120-input 1 boolean connectors 1-2c x120-input 2 boolean connectors 3-2c x120-input 3 boolean connectors 4-2c x120-input 4 boolean connectors 5-6 table 31: x120 aim binary input settings parameter values (range) unit step default descrip...

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    Table 34: x130 bio binary input settings parameter values (range) unit step default description input 1 filter time 5...1000 ms 5 connectors 1-2c input 2 filter time 5...1000 ms 5 connectors 3-2c input 3 filter time 5...1000 ms 5 connectors 4-5c input 4 filter time 5...1000 ms 5 connectors 6-5c inpu...

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    3.2 self-supervision the ied's extensive self-supervision system continuously supervises the software and the electronics. It handles run-time fault situation and informs the user about a fault via the lhmi and through the communications channels. There are two types of fault indications. • internal...

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    A070789 v1 en figure 7: output contact the internal fault code indicates the type of internal ied fault. When a fault appears, the code must be recorded so that it can be reported to abb customer service. Table 37: internal fault indications and codes fault indication fault code additional informati...

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    Fault indication fault code additional information internal fault conf. Error,x110 64 card in slot x110 is wrong type, is missing or does not belong to the original composition. Internal fault conf. Error,x120 65 card in slot x120 is wrong type, is missing or does not belong to the original composit...

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    If a warning appears, record the name and code so that it can be provided to abb customer service. Table 38: warning indications and codes warning indication warning code additional information warning watchdog reset 10 a watchdog reset has occurred. Warning power down det. 11 the auxiliary supply v...

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    For further information on warning indications, see the operation manual. 3.3 led indication control the ied includes a global conditioning function ledptrc that is used with the protection indication leds. Led indication control should never be used for tripping purposes. There is a separate trip l...

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    Ref615 overcurrent dir. Earth-fault voltage protection phase unbalance thermal overload breaker failure disturb. Rec. Triggered cb condition monitoring supervision arc detected autoreclose shot in progr. A070704 v3 en figure 9: programmable leds on the right side of the display all the programmable ...

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    The led status also provides a means for resetting the individual led via communication. The led can also be reset from configuration with the reset input. The resetting and clearing function for all leds is under the clear menu. The menu structure for the programmable leds is presented in figure 10...

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    "latched-s": latched, on this mode is a latched function. At the activation of the input signal, the alarm shows a steady light. After acknowledgement, the alarm disappears. Activating signal led acknow. Guid-055146b3-780b-43e6-9e06-9fd8d342e881 v1 en figure 13: operating sequence "latched-s" "latch...

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    Name type default description reset boolean 0=false reset input for led 3 ok boolean 0=false ok input for led 4 alarm boolean 0=false alarm input for led 4 reset boolean 0=false reset input for led 4 ok boolean 0=false ok input for led 5 alarm boolean 0=false alarm input for led 5 reset boolean 0=fa...

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    Parameter values (range) unit step default description description programmable leds led 2 programmable led description alarm mode 0=follow-s 1=follow-f 2=latched-s 3=latchedack-f-s 0=follow-s alarm mode for programmable led 3 description programmable leds led 3 programmable led description alarm mo...

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    Parameter values (range) unit step default description description programmable leds led 10 programmable led description alarm mode 0=follow-s 1=follow-f 2=latched-s 3=latchedack-f-s 0=follow-s alarm mode for programmable led 11 description programmable leds led 11 programmable led description 3.4.5...

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    3.5 time synchronization the ied has an internal real-time clock which can be either free-running or synchronized from an external source. The real-time clock is used for time stamping events, recorded data and disturbance recordings. The ied is provided with a 48-hour capacitor back-up that enables...

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    Local time. As no reboot is necessary, the time synchronization starts immediately after the irig-b sync source is selected and the irig-b signal source is connected. Abb has tested the irig-b with the following clock masters: • tekron ttm01 gps clock with irig-b output • meinberg tcg511 controlled ...

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    The default value of all inputs is false, which makes it possible to use only the required number of inputs and leave the rest disconnected. The setting group selection is not dependent on the sg_x_act outputs. Table 42: optional operation modes for setting group selection sg operation mode descript...

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    The setting group 1 can be copied to any other or all groups from hmi (copy group 1). 3.7 fault records the ied has the capacity to store the records of 128 latest fault events. Fault records include fundamental or rms current values. The records enable the user to analyze recent power system events...

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    Table 45: fltmsta non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on trig mode 0=from all faults 1=from operate 2=from only start 0=from all faults triggering mode a measurement mode 1=rms 2=dft 3=peak-to-peak 2=dft selects used mea...

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    Name type values (range) unit description bias current io float32 0.000...50.000 pu bias current residual max current il1 float32 0.000...50.000 xin maximum phase a current max current il2 float32 0.000...50.000 xin maximum phase b current max current il3 float32 0.000...50.000 xin maximum phase c c...

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    Name type values (range) unit description current il2c float32 0.000...50.000 xin phase b current (c) current il3c float32 0.000...50.000 xin phase c current (c) current ioc float32 0.000...50.000 xin residual current (c) current io-calcc float32 0.000...50.000 xin calculated residual current (c) cu...

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    Name type values (range) unit description frequency float32 30.00...80.00 hz frequency frequency gradient float32 -10.00...10.00 hz/s frequency gradient conductance yo float32 -1000.00...1000. 00 ms conductance yo susceptance yo float32 -1000.00...1000. 00 ms susceptance yo angle uo - io float32 -18...

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    3.9 binary input 3.9.1 binary input filter time the filter time eliminates debounces and short disturbances on a binary input. The filter time is set for each binary input of the ied. 1 2 3 4 5 5 guid-13da5833-d263-4e23-b666-cf38b1011a4b v1 en figure 16: binary input filtering 1 t 0 2 t 1 3 input si...

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    3.9.2 binary input inversion the parameter input # invert is used to invert a binary input. Table 48: binary input states control voltage input # invert state of binary input no 0 false (0) yes 0 true (1) no 1 true (0) yes 1 false (0) when a binary input is inverted, the state of the input is true (...

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    Power output contacts are used when the current rating requirements of the contacts are high, for example, for controlling a breaker, such as energizing the breaker trip and closing coils. The contacts used for external signalling, recording and indicating, the signal outputs, need to adjust to smal...

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    Po1 po2 x100 6 7 8 9 guid-4e1e21b1-beec-4351-a7be-9d2dba451985 v1 en figure 17: dual single-pole power output contacts po1 and po2 3.10.1.2 double-pole power outputs po3 and po4 with trip circuit supervision the power outputs po3 and po4 are double-pole normally open/form a power outputs with trip c...

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    Po3 po4 tcs1 tcs2 x100 16 24 21 23 20 22 17 15 19 18 guid-5a0502f7-bdc4-424a-bf19-898025fccbd7 v1 en figure 18: double-pole power outputs po3 and po4 with trip circuit supervision power outputs po3 and po4 are included in the power supply module located in slot x100 of the ied. 3.10.1.3 dual single-...

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    20 23 16 19 24 15 x110 hso3 hso2 hso1 guid-38edd366-7456-4933-b49e-0f43fe1d6c39 v1 en figure 19: high-speed power outputs hso1, hso2 and hso3 the reset time of the high-speed output contacts is longer than that of the conventional output contacts. High-speed power contacts are part of the card bio00...

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    3 4 5 x100 irf guid-c09595e9-3c42-437a-bdb2-b20c35fa0bd2 v1 en figure 20: internal fault signal output irf 3.10.2.2 signal outputs so1 and so2 in power supply module signal outputs (normally open/form a or change-over/form c) so1 (dual parallel form c) and so2 (single contact/form a) are part of the...

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    14 16 15 17 19 18 x110 so1 so2 20 22 21 23 24 x110 so3 so4 guid-cba9a48a-2549-455b-907d-8261e2259bf4 v1 en figure 22: signal output in bio0005 3.10.2.4 signal outputs so1, so2 and so3 in bio0006 the optional card bio0006 provides the signal outputs so1, so2 and so3. Signal outputs so1 and so2 are du...

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    10 12 11 13 15 14 x130 so1 so2 16 18 17 so3 guid-c5b5fd1c-617b-4f38-a0d4-d98735e69530 v1 en figure 23: signal output in bio0006 3.11 rtd/ma inputs 3.11.1 functionality rtd and ma analog input module is used for monitoring and metering milli- ampere (ma), temperature (°c) and resistance (Ω). Each inp...

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    Table 50: limits for the rtd/ma inputs input mode description not in use default selection. Used when the corresponding input is not used. 0...20 ma selection for analog dc milli-ampere current inputs in the input range of 0 – 20 ma. Resistance selection for rtd inputs in the input range of 0 – 2000...

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    The input scaling can be bypassed by selecting value unit = "ohm" when input mode = "resistance" is used and by selecting value unit = "ampere" when input mode = "0...20 ma" is used. Example for linear scaling milli-ampere input is used as tap changer position information. The sensor information is ...

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    Sensor type. If the measured offset current deviates from the reference current more than 20%, the sample is discarded and the output is set to invalid. The invalid measure status deactivates as soon as the measured input signal is within the measurement offset. 3.11.2.6 calibration rtd and ma input...

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    Table 52: settings for x130 (rtd) analog input limit value supervision function settings for limit value supervision x130 (rtd) analog input out of range value maximum high-high limit val high high limit high limit val high limit low limit val low limit low-low limit val low low limit out of range v...

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    Example of x130 (rtd) analog input deadband supervision temperature sensor pt100 is used in the temperature range of 15...180 °c. Value unit “degrees celsius” is used and the set values value minimum and value maximum are set to 15 and 180, respectively. Value deadband = 7500 (7,5% of the total meas...

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    Temp °c platinum tcr 0.00385 nickel tcr 0.00618 copper tcr 0.00427 pt 100 pt 250 ni 100 ni 120 ni 250 cu 10 80 130.89 327.225 148.3 177.96 370.75 12.124 90 134.7 336.75 154.9 185.88 387.25 - 100 138.5 346.25 161.8 194.16 404.5 12.897 120 146.06 365.15 176 211.2 440 13.669 140 153.58 383.95 190.9 229...

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    Guid-2702c0b0-99cf-40d0-925c-bec0725c0e97 v1 en figure 28: three rtd/resistance sensors connected according to the 2-wire connection x130 + - 1 2 11 12 ... ... ... Transducer sensor shunt (44 Ω) ... ... ... Guid-88e6bd08-06b8-4ed3-b937-4cc549697684 v1 en figure 29: ma wiring connection 1yht530004d05...

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    3.11.3 signals table 55: x130 (rtd/ma) analog input signals name type description alarm boolean general alarm warning boolean general warning ai_val1 float32 ma input, connectors 1-2, instantaneous value ai_val2 float32 ma input, connectors 3-4, instantaneous value ai_val3 float32 rtd input, connect...

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    Parameter values (range) unit step default description value high limit -10000.0...10000.0 10000.0 output value high warning limit for supervision value low limit -10000.0...10000.0 -10000.0 output value low warning limit for supervision value low low limit -10000.0...10000.0 -10000.0 output value l...

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    Table 58: x130 (rtd/ma) monitored data name type values (range) unit description ai_db1 float32 -10000.0...10000 .0 ma input, connectors 1-2, reported value ai_range1 enum 0=normal 1=high 2=low 3=high-high 4=low-low ma input, connectors 1-2, range ai_db2 float32 -10000.0...10000 .0 ma input, connect...

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    Name type values (range) unit description ai_range7 enum 0=normal 1=high 2=low 3=high-high 4=low-low rtd input, connectors 15-16-12c, range ai_db8 float32 -10000.0...10000 .0 rtd input, connectors 17-18-12c, reported value ai_range8 enum 0=normal 1=high 2=low 3=high-high 4=low-low rtd input, connect...

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    3.12.1.2 functionality the goosercv_bin function is used to connect the goose binary inputs to the application. 3.12.1.3 signals table 59: goosercv_bin input signals name type default description in boolean 0 input signal table 60: goosercv_bin output signals name type description out boolean output...

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    3.12.3 goosercv_mv function block 3.12.3.1 function block guid-a59baf25-b9f8-46ea-9831-477ac665d0f7 v1 en figure 32: function block 3.12.3.2 functionality the goosercv_mv function is used to connect the goose measured value inputs to the application. 3.12.3.3 signals table 63: goosercv_mv input sign...

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    3.12.4.3 signals table 65: goosercv_int8 input signals name type description in int8 input signal table 66: goosercv_int8 output signals name type description out int8 output signal valid boolean output signal 3.12.5 goosercv_intl function block 3.12.5.1 function block guid-241a36e0-1bb9-4323-989f-3...

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    Table 68: goosercv_intl output signals name type description op boolean position open output signal cl boolean position closed output signal ok boolean position ok output signal valid boolean output signal 3.12.6 goosercv_cmv function block 3.12.6.1 function block guid-4c3f3a1a-f5d1-42e1-840f-6106c5...

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    3.12.7 goosercv_enum function block 3.12.7.1 function block guid-e1ae8ad3-ed99-448a-8c11-558bca68cdc4 v1 en figure 36: function block 3.12.7.2 functionality the goosercv_enum function block is used to connect goose enumerator inputs to the application. 3.12.7.3 signals table 71: goosercv_enum input ...

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    3.12.8.3 signals table 73: goosercv_int32 input signals name type default description in int32 0 input signal table 74: goosercv_int32 output signals name type description out int32 output signal valid boolean output signal 3.13 type conversion function blocks 3.13.1 qty_good function block 3.13.1.1...

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    Table 76: qty_good output signals name type description out boolean output signal 3.13.2 qty_bad function block 3.13.2.1 fucntion block guid-8c120145-91b6-4295-98fb-ae78430eb532 v1 en figure 39: function block 3.13.2.2 functionality the qty_bad function block evaluates the quality bits of the input ...

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    3.13.3 qty_goose_comm function block 3.13.3.1 functionality the qty_goose_comm function block evaluates the peer ied communication status from the quality bits of the input signal and passes it as a boolean signal to the application. The in input can be connected to any goose application logic outpu...

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    The outputs ok, warning and alarm are extracted from the enumerated input value. Only one of the outputs can be active at a time. In case the goosercv_enum function block doesn't receive the value from the sending ied, the default value (0) is used and the alarm is activated in the t_health function...

  • Page 113

    Table 84: t_f32_int8 output signal name type description int8 int8 output signal 3.13.5.4 settings the function does not have any parameters available in lhmi or protection and control ied manager (pcm600). 3.13.6 t_dir function block 3.13.6.1 functionality the t_dir function evaluates enumerated da...

  • Page 114

    3.14 configurable logic blocks 3.14.1 standard configurable logic blocks 3.14.1.1 or function block function block guid-9d001113-8912-440d-b206-051ded17a23c v1 en figure 42: function blocks functionality or and or6 are used to form general combinatory expressions with boolean variables. The o output...

  • Page 115

    Table 89: or output signal name type description o boolean output signal table 90: or6 output signal name type description o boolean output signal settings the function does not have any parameters available in lhmi or protection and control ied manager (pcm600). 3.14.1.2 and function block function...

  • Page 116

    Table 92: and6 input signals name type default description b1 boolean 1 input signal 1 b2 boolean 1 input signal 2 b3 boolean 1 input signal 3 b4 boolean 1 input signal 4 b5 boolean 1 input signal 5 b6 boolean 1 input signal 6 table 93: and output signal name type description o boolean output signal...

  • Page 117

    Signals table 95: xor input signals name type default description b1 boolean 0 input signal 1 b2 boolean 0 input signal 2 table 96: xor output signal name type description o boolean output signal settings the function does not have any parameters available in lhmi or protection and control ied manag...

  • Page 118

    3.14.1.5 max3 function block function block guid-5454fe1c-2947-4337-ad58-39d266e91993 v1 en figure 46: function block functionality the maximum function max3 selects the maximum value from three analog values. The disconnected inputs have the value 0. Signals table 99: max3 input signals name type d...

  • Page 119

    If the minimum value is to be selected from two signals, connecting one of the inputs to two in min3 makes all the inputs to be connected. Signals table 101: min3 input signals name type default description in1 float32 0 input signal 1 in2 float32 0 input signal 2 in3 float32 0 input signal 3 table ...

  • Page 120

    Table 104: r_trig output signal name type description q boolean output signal settings the function does not have any parameters available in lhmi or protection and control ied manager (pcm600). 3.14.1.8 f_trig function block function block guid-b47152d2-3855-4306-8f2e-73d8fdec4c1d v1 en figure 49: ...

  • Page 121

    3.14.1.9 t_pos_xx function blocks function block guid-4548b304-1ccd-454f-b819-7bc9f404131f v1 en figure 50: function blocks functionality the circuit breaker position information can be communicated with the iec 61850 goose messages. The position information is a double binary data type which is fed...

  • Page 122

    Table 111: t_pos_cl output signal name type description close boolean output signal table 112: t_pos_op output signal name type description open boolean output signal table 113: t_pos_ok output signal name type description ok boolean output signal settings the function does not have any parameters a...

  • Page 123

    Table 115: switchr output signals name type description out real real switch output 3.14.1.11 sr function block function block guid-0b62caed-f8a4-4738-b546-677da362fe24 v1 en figure 52: function block functionality the sr flip-flop output q can be set or reset from the s or r inputs. S input has a h...

  • Page 124

    3.14.2 minimum pulse timer 3.14.2.1 minimum pulse timer tpgapc function block guid-809f4b4a-e684-43ac-9c34-574a93fe0ebc v1 en figure 53: function block functionality the minimum pulse timer tpgapc function contains two independent timers. The function has a settable pulse length (in milliseconds). T...

  • Page 125

    3.14.2.2 minimum pulse timer tpsgapc function block guid-f9aacaf7-2183-4315-be6f-cd53618009c0 v1 en figure 55: function block functionality the minimum second pulse timer function tpsgapc contains two independent timers. The function has a settable pulse length (in seconds). The timers are used for ...

  • Page 126

    3.14.2.3 minimum pulse timer tpmgapc function block guid-ab26b298-f7fa-428f-b498-6605db5b0661 v1 en figure 57: function block functionality the minimum minute pulse timer function tpmgapc contains two independent timers. The function has a settable pulse length (in minutes). The timers are used for ...

  • Page 127

    3.14.3 pulse timer function block ptgapc 3.14.3.1 function block guid-2aa275e8-31d4-4cfe-8bda-a377213bba89 v1 en figure 59: function block 3.14.3.2 functionality the pulse timer function block ptgapc contains eight independent timers. The function has a settable pulse length. Once the input is activ...

  • Page 128

    Table 126: ptgapc output signals name type description q1 boolean output 1 status q2 boolean output 2 status q3 boolean output 3 status q4 boolean output 4 status q5 boolean output 5 status q6 boolean output 6 status q7 boolean output 7 status q8 boolean output 8 status 3.14.3.4 settings table 127: ...

  • Page 129

    3.14.4 time-delay-off function block tofgapc 3.14.4.1 function block guid-6bff6180-042f-4526-bb80-d53b2458f376 v1 en figure 61: function block 3.14.4.2 functionality the time-delay-off function block tofgapc can be used, for example, for a drop- off-delayed output related to the input signal. Tofgap...

  • Page 130

    Name type default description in6 boolean 0=false input 6 status in7 boolean 0=false input 7 status in8 boolean 0=false input 8 status table 130: tofgapc output signals name type description q1 boolean output 1 status q2 boolean output 2 status q3 boolean output 3 status q4 boolean output 4 status q...

  • Page 131

    3.14.5 time-delay-on function block tongapc 3.14.5.1 function block guid-b694fc27-e6ab-40ff-b1c7-a7eb608d6866 v1 en figure 63: function block 3.14.5.2 functionality the time-delay-on function block tongapc can be used, for example, for time- delaying the output related to the input signal. Tongapc c...

  • Page 132

    Name type default description in6 boolean 0=false input 6 in7 boolean 0=false input 7 in8 boolean 0=false input 8 table 134: tongapc output signals name type description q1 boolean output 1 q2 boolean output 2 q3 boolean output 3 q4 boolean output 4 q5 boolean output 5 q6 boolean output 6 q7 boolean...

  • Page 133

    3.14.6 set-reset function block srgapc 3.14.6.1 function block guid-93136d07-fdc4-4356-95b5-54d3b2fc9b1c v1 en figure 65: function block 3.14.6.2 functionality the srgapc function block is a simple sr flip-flop with a memory that can be set or that can reset an output from the s# or r# inputs, respe...

  • Page 134

    3.14.6.3 signals table 138: srgapc input signals name type default description s1 boolean 0=false set q1 output when set r1 boolean 0=false resets q1 output when set s2 boolean 0=false set q2 output when set r2 boolean 0=false resets q2 output when set s3 boolean 0=false set q3 output when set r3 bo...

  • Page 135

    3.14.6.4 settings table 140: srgapc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description reset q1 0=cancel 1=reset 0=cancel resets q1 output when set reset q2 0=cancel 1=reset 0=cancel resets q2 output when set reset q3 0=cancel 1=reset 0=cancel resets q3 output when set reset q...

  • Page 136

    3.14.7.3 signals table 141: mvgapc output signals name type description q1 boolean q1 status q2 boolean q2 status q3 boolean q3 status q4 boolean q4 status q5 boolean q5 status q6 boolean q6 status q7 boolean q7 status q8 boolean q8 status 3.14.8 local/remote control function block control 3.14.8.1 ...

  • Page 137

    Table 142: truth table for control input output ctrl_off ctrl_loc ctrl_sta 1) ctrl_rem true any any any off = true false true any any local = true false false true any station = true false false false true remote = true false false false false off = true 1) if station authority is not in use, the ct...

  • Page 138

    3.14.8.4 settings table 145: control settings parameter values (range) unit step default description lr control 1 = "lr key" 2 = "binary input" 1 = "lr key" lr control through lr key or binary input station authority 1 = "not used" 2 = "station remote" 1 = "not used" control command originator categ...

  • Page 139

    3.14.8.5 monitored data table 146: control monitored data parameter type values (range) unit description command response enum 1 = "select open" 2 = "select close" 3 = "operate open" 4 = "operate close" 5 = "direct open" 6 = "direct close" 7 = "cancel" 8 = "position reached" 9 = "position timeout" 1...

  • Page 140

    3.14.9 generic control points function block spcggio 3.14.9.1 function block guid-b1380341-22b1-4c7e-a57b-39dbbb9d7b92 v1 en figure 68: function block 3.14.9.2 functionality the generic control points function spcggio contains 16 independent control points. Spcggio offers the capability to activate ...

  • Page 141

    3.14.9.3 signals table 147: spcggio input signals name type default description block boolean 0=false block signal for activating the blocking mode in1 boolean 0=false input of control point 1 in2 boolean 0=false input of control point 2 in3 boolean 0=false input of control point 3 in4 boolean 0=fal...

  • Page 142

    3.14.9.4 settings table 149: spcggio non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description loc rem restriction 0=false 1=true 1=true local remote switch restriction operation mode 0=pulsed 1=toggle -1=off -1=off operation mode for generic control point pulse length 10...3600000 m...

  • Page 143

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description operation mode 0=pulsed 1=toggle -1=off -1=off operation mode for generic control point pulse length 10...3600000 ms 10 1000 pulse length for pulsed operation mode description spcggio1 output 8 generic control point description operation mode 0=...

  • Page 144

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description operation mode 0=pulsed 1=toggle -1=off -1=off operation mode for generic control point pulse length 10...3600000 ms 10 1000 pulse length for pulsed operation mode description spcggio1 output 16 generic control point description 3.15 factory set...

  • Page 145

    Section 4 protection functions 4.1 three-phase current protection 4.1.1 three-phase non-directional overcurrent protection phxptoc 4.1.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number three-phase non-directional overcurrent prote...

  • Page 146

    In the dt mode, the function operates after a predefined operate time and resets when the fault current disappears. The idmt mode provides current-dependent timer characteristics. The function contains a blocking functionality. It is possible to block function outputs, timers or the function itself,...

  • Page 147

    A070554 v1 en figure 71: start value behavior with ena_mult input activated phase selection logic if the fault criteria are fulfilled in the level detector, the phase selection logic detects the phase or phases in which the measured current exceeds the setting. If the phase information matches the n...

  • Page 148

    Causes an immediate reset. With the reset curve type "def time reset", the reset time depends on the reset delay time setting. With the reset curve type "inverse reset", the reset time depends on the current during the drop-off situation. The start output is deactivated when the reset timer has elap...

  • Page 149

    Table 150: measurement modes supported by phxptoc stages measurement mode supported measurement modes phlptoc phhptoc phiptoc rms x x dft x x peak-to-peak x x p-to-p + backup x for a detailed description of the measurement modes, see the measurement modes section in this manual. 4.1.1.6 timer charac...

  • Page 150

    Operating curve type supported by phlptoc phhptoc (11) iec inverse x (12) iec extremely inverse x x (13) iec short time inverse x (14) iec long time inverse x (15) iec definite time x x (17) user programmable x x (18) ri type x (19) rd type x phiptoc supports only definite time characteristic. For a...

  • Page 151

    • selective overcurrent and short-circuit protection of feeders in distribution and subtransmission systems • backup overcurrent and short-circuit protection of power transformers and generators • overcurrent and short-circuit protection of various devices connected to the power system, for example ...

  • Page 152

    Possible taking into account the selectivity requirements, switching-in currents, and the thermal and mechanical withstand of the transformer and outgoing feeders. Traditionally, overcurrent protection of the transformer has been arranged as shown in figure 72 . The low-set stage phlptoc operates ti...

  • Page 153

    Busbar and transformer lv-side faults without impairing the selectivity. Also, the security degree of busbar protection is increased, because there is now a dedicated, selective and fast busbar protection functionality which is based on the blockable overcurrent protection principle. The additional ...

  • Page 154

    A070980 v2 en figure 73: numerical overcurrent protection functionality for a typical sub- transmission/distribution substation (feeder protection not shown). Blocking output = digital output signal from the start of a protection stage, blocking in = digital input signal to block the operation of a ...

  • Page 155

    Levels along the protected line, selectivity requirements, inrush currents and the thermal and mechanical withstand of the lines to be protected. In many cases the above requirements can be best fulfilled by using multiple-stage overcurrent units. Figure 74 shows an example of this. A brief coordina...

  • Page 156

    A070982 v1 en figure 74: functionality of numerical multiple-stage overcurrent protection the coordination plan is an effective tool to study the operation of time selective operation characteristics. All the points mentioned earlier, required to define the overcurrent protection parameters, can be ...

  • Page 157

    A070984 v2 en figure 75: example coordination of numerical multiple-stage overcurrent protection 4.1.1.8 signals table 154: phlptoc input signals name type default description i_a signal 0 phase a current i_b signal 0 phase b current i_c signal 0 phase c current block boolean 0=false block signal fo...

  • Page 158

    Table 156: phiptoc input signals name type default description i_a signal 0 phase a current i_b signal 0 phase b current i_c signal 0 phase c current block boolean 0=false block signal for activating the blocking mode ena_mult boolean 0=false enable signal for current multiplier table 157: phlptoc o...

  • Page 159

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description operate delay time 40...200000 ms 10 40 operate delay time operating curve type 1=ansi ext. Inv. 2=ansi very inv. 3=ansi norm. Inv. 4=ansi mod. Inv. 5=ansi def. Time 6=l.T.E. Inv. 7=l.T.V. Inv. 8=l.T. Inv. 9=iec norm. Inv. 10=iec very inv. 11=ie...

  • Page 160

    Table 162: phhptoc group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start value 0.10...40.00 xin 0.01 0.10 start value start value mult 0.8...10.0 0.1 1.0 multiplier for scaling the start value time multiplier 0.05...15.00 0.01 1.00 time multiplier in iec/ansi idmt curves operat...

  • Page 161

    Table 165: phiptoc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on num of start phases 1=1 out of 3 2=2 out of 3 3=3 out of 3 1=1 out of 3 number of phases required for operate activation reset delay time 0...60000 ms 1 20 reset ...

  • Page 162

    4.1.1.11 technical data table 169: phxptoc technical data characteristic value operation accuracy depending on the frequency of the current measured: f n ±2 hz phlptoc ±1.5% of the set value or ±0.002 x i n phhptoc and phiptoc ±1.5% of set value or ±0.002 x i n (at currents in the range of 0.1…10 x ...

  • Page 163

    Table 171: phhptoc technical revision history technical revision change c measurement mode "p-to-p + backup" replaced with "peak-to-peak" d step value changed from 0.05 to 0.01 for the time multiplier setting. Table 172: phlptoc technical revision history technical revision change b minimum and defa...

  • Page 164

    The function starts when the current exceeds the set limit. Each phase has its own timer. The operating time characteristics for low-stage ph3lptoc and high-stage ph3hptoc can be selected to be either definite time (dt) or inverse definite minimum time (idmt). The instantaneous stage ph3iptoc always...

  • Page 165

    Guid-07a8ae81-64a6-496e-ae20-2894b5474046-cn v1 en figure 77: functional module diagram level detector the measured phase currents are compared phasewise to the set start value. If the measured value exceeds the set start value, the level detector reports the exceeding of the value to the phase sele...

  • Page 166

    A070554 v1 en figure 78: start value behavior with the ena_mult input activated phase selection logic the phase selection logic detects the faulty phase or phases and controls the timers according to the set value of the num of start phases setting. Section 4 1yht530004d05 d protection functions 160...

  • Page 167

    Guid-bcaa40b6-afc8-439d-bfc6-754280f0000e-cn v1 en figure 79: logic diagram for phase selection module when the number of start phases setting is set to "1 out of 3" and the fault is in one or several phases, the phase selection logic sends an enabling signal to the faulty phase timers. In case the ...

  • Page 168

    Once activated, the timer activates the start output. Depending on the value of the operating curve type setting, the time characteristics are according to dt or idmt. When the operation timer has reached the value of operate delay time in the dt mode or the maximum value defined by the inverse time...

  • Page 169

    The timer calculates the start duration value start_dur, which indicates the percentage ratio of the start situation and the set operation time. The value is available in the monitored data view. Blocking logic there are three operation modes in the blocking functionality. The operation modes are co...

  • Page 170

    Operating curve type supported by ph3lptoc ph3hptoc (10) iec very inverse x x (11) iec inverse x (12) iec extremely inverse x x (13) iec short time inverse x (14) iec long time inverse x (17) programmable x x ph3iptoc supports only definite time characteristic. A detailed description of the timers c...

  • Page 171

    • selective overcurrent and short circuit protection of feeders in distribution and subtransmission systems • backup overcurrent and short circuit protection of power transformers and generators • overcurrent and short circuit protection of various devices connected to the power system, for example ...

  • Page 172

    In transformer and lv-side busbar faults. The high-set stage ph3hptoc operates instantaneously, making use of current selectivity only in the transformer hv-side faults. If there is a possibility that the fault current can also be fed from the lv-side up to the hv-side, the transformer must also be ...

  • Page 173

    The transformer hv- and lv-sides provide increased security degree of backup protection for the transformer, busbar and also for the outgoing feeders. Depending on the overcurrent stage in question, the selectivity of the scheme in figure 73 is based on the operating current, operating time or block...

  • Page 174

    Mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf incoming g n i o g t u o g n i o g t u o e i t _ s u b e i t - s u b g n i o g t u o g n i o g t u o incoming measurement ph3lptoc ph3hptoc ph3iptoc ccbrbrf inrphar ph3lptoc ph3hptoc ph3iptoc ccbrbrf ph3lptoc ph3hptoc ph3iptoc ccbrbrf blocking output (outgoing feeder ph3hp...

  • Page 175

    Radial outgoing feeder overcurrent protection the basic requirements for feeder overcurrent protection are adequate sensitivity and operation speed taking into account the minimum and maximum fault current levels along the protected line, selectivity requirements, inrush currents and the thermal and...

  • Page 176

    Mf mf outgoing incoming ph3lptoc ph3hptoc ph3iptoc ccbrbrf inrphar ph3lptoc ph3hptoc ph3iptoc ccbrbrf mf outgoing inrphar line type 2 line type 1 i k max i k min i k max i k min i k max i k min 9 8 7 guid-0a032f35-2e27-4aae-b698-d33e1893b3ea v1 en figure 82: functionality of numerical multiple-stage...

  • Page 177

    A070984 v2 en figure 83: example coordination of numerical multiple-stage overcurrent protection 4.1.2.7 signals table 176: ph3lptoc input signals name type default description block boolean 0=false block signal for activating the blocking mode ena_mult boolean 0=false enable signal for current mult...

  • Page 178

    Name type description st_a boolean start phase a st_b boolean start phase b st_c boolean start phase c table 180: ph3hptoc output signals name type description operate boolean operate opr_a boolean operate phase a opr_b boolean operate phase b opr_c boolean operate phase c start boolean start st_a b...

  • Page 179

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description operate delay time 40...200000 ms 10 40 operate delay time operating curve type 1=ansi ext. Inv. 2=ansi very inv. 3=ansi norm. Inv. 4=ansi mod. Inv. 5=ansi def. Time 6=l.T.E. Inv. 7=l.T.V. Inv. 8=l.T. Inv. 9=iec norm. Inv. 10=iec very inv. 11=ie...

  • Page 180

    Table 184: ph3hptoc group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start value 0.10...40.00 xin 0.01 0.10 start value start value mult 0.8...10.0 0.1 1.0 multiplier for scaling the start value time multiplier 0.05...15.00 0.05 1.00 time multiplier in iec/ansi idmt curves opera...

  • Page 181

    Table 187: ph3iptoc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on num of start phases 1=1 out of 3 2=2 out of 3 3=3 out of 3 1=1 out of 3 number of phases required for operate activation reset delay time 0...60000 ms 10 20 rese...

  • Page 182

    4.1.2.10 technical data table 191: ph3xptoc technical data characteristic value operation accuracy ph3lptoc depending on the frequency of the current measured: f n ±2 hz ±1.5% of the set value or ±0.002 x i n ph3hptoc and ph3iptoc ±1.5% of set value or ±0.002 x i n (at currents in the range of 0.1…1...

  • Page 183

    4.1.3.2 function block guid-9eb77066-518a-4ccc-b973-7eee31fae4f1 v3 en figure 84: function block 4.1.3.3 functionality the three-phase overcurrent protection dphxpdoc is used as one-phase, two- phase or three-phase directional overcurrent and short-circuit protection for feeders. Dphxpdoc starts up ...

  • Page 184

    Guid-c5892f3e-09d9-462e-a963-023efc18dde7 v3 en figure 85: functional module diagram directional calculation the directional calculation compares the current phasors to the polarizing phasor. A suitable polarization quantity can be selected from the different polarization quantities, which are the p...

  • Page 185

    Reliable operation requires both the operating and polarizing quantities to exceed certain minimum amplitude levels. The minimum amplitude level for the operating quantity (current) is set with the min operate current setting. The minimum amplitude level for the polarizing quantity (voltage) is set ...

  • Page 186

    Dphxpdoc can be forced to the non-directional operation with the non_dir input. When the non_dir input is active, dphxpdoc operates as a non- directional overcurrent protection, regardless of the directional mode setting. Guid-718d61b4-dad0-4f43-8108-86f7b44e7e2d v1 en figure 86: operating zones at ...

  • Page 187

    A070554 v1 en figure 87: start value behavior with ena_mult input activated phase selection logic if the fault criteria are fulfilled in the level detector and the directional calculation, the phase selection logic detects the phase or phases in which the measured current exceeds the setting. If the...

  • Page 188

    Causes an immediate reset. With the reset curve type "def time reset", the reset time depends on the reset delay time setting. With the reset curve type "inverse reset", the reset time depends on the current during the drop-off situation. The start output is deactivated when the reset timer has elap...

  • Page 189

    Table 193: measurement modes supported by dphxpdoc stages measurement mode supported measurement modes dphlpdoc dphhpdoc rms x x dft x x peak-to-peak x x 4.1.3.6 directional overcurrent characteristics the forward and reverse sectors are defined separately. The forward operation area is limited with...

  • Page 190

    Guid-cd0b7d5a-1f1a-47e6-af2a-f6f898645640 v2 en figure 88: configurable operating sectors table 194: momentary per phase direction value for monitored data view criterion for per phase direction information the value for dir_a/_b/_c the angle_x is not in any of the defined sectors, or the direction ...

  • Page 191

    Fault_dir gives the detected direction of the fault during fault situations, that is, when the start output is active. Self-polarizing as polarizing method table 196: equations for calculating angle difference for self-polarizing method faulted phases used fault current used polarizing voltage angle...

  • Page 192

    In an example case of a two-phase short-circuit failure where the fault is between phases b and c, the angle difference is measured between the polarizing quantity u bc and operating quantity i b - i c in the self-polarizing method. Guid-65cfec0e-0367-44fb-a116-057dd29feb79 v1 en figure 90: two-phas...

  • Page 193

    The faulted phase is phase a. The polarizing quantity is rotated with 90 degrees. The characteristic angle is assumed to be ~ 0 degrees. Guid-6c7d1317-89c4-44be-a1eb-69bc75863474 v1 en figure 91: single-phase earth fault, phase a in an example of the phasors in a two-phase short-circuit failure wher...

  • Page 194

    Guid-c2ec2ef1-8a84-4a32-818c-6d7620ea9969 v1 en figure 92: two-phase short circuit, short circuit is between phases b and c the equations are valid when network rotating direction is counter- clockwise, that is, abc. If the network rotating direction is reversed, 180 degrees is added to the calculat...

  • Page 195

    This means that the actuating polarizing quantity is -u 2 . U a u b u c u bc u ab u ca i a i b i c u 2 i 2 u a u b u c i a i b i c u 2 i 2 a b guid-027dd4b9-5844-4c46-ba9c-54784f2300d3 v2 en figure 93: phasors in a single-phase earth fault, phases a-n, and two-phase short circuit, phases b and c, wh...

  • Page 196

    U a u b u c i a i b i c u a u b u c i a i b i c a b -i c i b - i c -90° u 1 u 1 guid-1937ea60-4285-44a7-8a7d-52d7b66fc5a6 v3 en figure 94: phasors in a single-phase earth fault, phase a to ground, and a two- phase short circuit, phases b-c, are short-circuited when the polarizing quantity is the pos...

  • Page 197

    Guid-bf32c1d4-ecb5-4e96-a27a-05c637d32c86 v1 en figure 95: examples of network rotating direction 4.1.3.7 application dphxpdoc is used as short-circuit protection in three-phase distribution or sub transmission networks operating at 50 or 60 hz. In radial networks, phase overcurrent ieds are often s...

  • Page 198

    There is a risk that the fault situation in one part of the feeding system can de- energize the whole system connected to the lv side. Guid-1a2bd0ad-b217-46f4-a6b4-6fc6e6256eb3 v2 en figure 96: overcurrent protection of parallel lines using directional ieds dphxpdoc can be used for parallel operatin...

  • Page 199

    Arrows define the non-directional functionality where faults can be detected in both directions. Guid-276a9d62-bd74-4335-8f20-ec1731b58889 v1 en figure 98: closed ring network topology where feeding lines are protected with directional overcurrent ieds 4.1.3.8 signals table 199: dphlpdoc input signa...

  • Page 200

    Name type default description block boolean 0=false block signal for activating the blocking mode ena_mult boolean 0=false enabling signal for current multiplier non_dir boolean 0=false forces protection to non-directional table 200: dphhpdoc input signals name type default description i_a signal 0 ...

  • Page 201

    4.1.3.9 settings table 203: dphlpdoc group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start value 0.05...5.00 xin 0.01 0.05 start value start value mult 0.8...10.0 0.1 1.0 multiplier for scaling the start value time multiplier 0.05...15.00 0.01 1.00 time multiplier in iec/ansi i...

  • Page 202

    Table 204: dphlpdoc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on num of start phases 1=1 out of 3 2=2 out of 3 3=3 out of 3 1=1 out of 3 number of phases required for operate activation minimum operate time 20...60000 ms 1 20 ...

  • Page 203

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description max forward angle 0...90 deg 1 80 maximum phase angle in forward direction max reverse angle 0...90 deg 1 80 maximum phase angle in reverse direction min forward angle 0...90 deg 1 80 minimum phase angle in forward direction min reverse angle 0....

  • Page 204

    4.1.3.10 monitored data table 207: dphlpdoc monitored data name type values (range) unit description start_dur float32 0.00...100.00 % ratio of start time / operate time fault_dir enum 0=unknown 1=forward 2=backward 3=both detected fault direction direction enum 0=unknown 1=forward 2=backward 3=both...

  • Page 205

    Name type values (range) unit description dir_a enum 0=unknown 1=forward 2=backward 3=both direction phase a dir_b enum 0=unknown 1=forward 2=backward 3=both direction phase b dir_c enum 0=unknown 1=forward 2=backward 3=both direction phase c angle_a float32 -180.00...180.00 deg calculated angle dif...

  • Page 206

    Characteristic value operate time accuracy in definite time mode ±1.0% of the set value or ±20 ms operate time accuracy in inverse time mode ±5.0% of the theoretical value or ±20 ms 3) suppression of harmonics dft: -50 db at f = n x f n , where n = 2, 3, 4, 5,… 1) measurement mode and pol quantity =...

  • Page 207

    4.1.4.2 function block guid-22b2621b-5b78-4c71-97f8-4bd477a50d51 v1 en figure 99: function block 4.1.4.3 functionality the three-phase overcurrent protection dph3xpdoc is used as one-phase, two- phase or three-phase directional overcurrent and short circuit protection for feeders. Dph3xpdoc starts w...

  • Page 208

    Guid-347973b8-ab04-40ed-b985-3f36a6305066 v1 en figure 100: functional module diagram . Directional calculation the directional calculation compares the current phasors to the polarizing phasor. A suitable polarization quantity can be selected from the different polarization quantities, which are th...

  • Page 209

    The characteristic angle setting is used to turn the directional characteristic. The value of characteristic angle should be chosen in such a way that all the faults in the operating direction are seen in the operating zone and all the faults in the opposite direction are seen in the non-operating z...

  • Page 210

    • the fictive voltage is discarded if the fault current disappears while the fictive voltage is in use • the phase angle cannot be reliably measured before the fault situation. Dph3xpdoc can be forced to non-directional operation with the non_dir input. When the non_dir input is active, dph3xpdoc op...

  • Page 211

    The start value multiplication is normally done when the inrush detection function (inrphar) is connected to the ena_mult input. A070554 v1 en figure 102: start value behavior with the ena_mult input activated phase selection logic the phase selection logic detects the faulty phase or phases and con...

  • Page 212

    Guid-55db779a-4f3d-4e2d-af39-e1f2f5ed9caa v1 en figure 103: logic diagram for phase selection module when the number of start phase setting is set to "1 out of 3" and the fault is in one or several phases, the phase selection logic sends an enabling signal to the faulty phase timers. If the fault di...

  • Page 213

    Each phase has its own phase-specific starting and operating outputs: st_a, st_b, st_c, opr_a, opr_b and opr_c. Once activated, each timer activates its start output. Depending on the value of the operating curve type setting, the time characteristics are according to dt or idmt. When the operation ...

  • Page 214

    Operate time setting. More information can be found in the general function block features section in this manual. The timer calculates the start duration value start_dur, which indicates the percentage ratio of the start situation and the set operation time. The value is available in the monitored ...

  • Page 215

    Curve name supported by dph3lpdoc dph3hpdoc (6) long time extremely inverse x (7) long time very inverse x (8) long time inverse x (9) iec normal inverse x x (10) iec very inverse x x (11) iec inverse x (12) iec extremely inverse x x (13) iec short time inverse x (14) iec long time inverse x (17) pr...

  • Page 216

    Clockwise sector, a measurement from the characteristic angle setting that has been rotated 180 degrees. Relay characteristic angle (rca) is set positive if the operating current lags the polarizing quantity and negative if the operating current leads the polarizing quantity. Guid-cd0b7d5a-1f1a-47e6...

  • Page 217

    Table 215: momentary phase-combined direction value for monitored data view criterion for phase combined direction information the value for direction the direction information (dir_x) for all phases is unknown 0 = unknown the direction information (dir_x) for at least one phase is forward, none bei...

  • Page 218

    Guid-c648173c-d8bb-4f37-8634-5d4dc7d366ff v1 en figure 105: single-phase earth fault, phase a in an example case of a two-phase short circuit failure where the fault is between phases b and c, the angle difference is measured between the polarizing quantity u bc and operating quantity i b - i c in t...

  • Page 219

    Cross-polarizing as polarizing quantity table 217: equations for calculating angle difference for cross-polarizing method faulte d phase s used fault current used polarizing voltage angle difference a i a u bc angle a u i bc a rca o _ ( ) - ( ) - = + ϕ ϕ ϕ 90 guid-4f0d1491-3679-4b1f-99f7-3704bc15ef9...

  • Page 220

    In an example of the phasors in a two-phase short circuit failure where the fault is between the phases b and c, the angle difference is measured between the polarizing quantity u ab and operating quantity i b - i c marked as φ. Guid-c2ec2ef1-8a84-4a32-818c-6d7620ea9969 v1 en figure 108: two-phase s...

  • Page 221

    Negative-sequence voltage as polarizing quantity when the negative voltage is used as the polarizing quantity, the angle difference between the operating and polarizing quantity is calculated with the same formula for all fault types: angle x u i rca _ ( ) ( ) = − − − ϕ ϕ ϕ 2 2 guid-470263dd-c1d7-4e...

  • Page 222

    U a u b u c i a i b i c u a u b u c i a i b i c a b -i c i b - i c -90° u 1 u 1 guid-1937ea60-4285-44a7-8a7d-52d7b66fc5a6 v3 en figure 110: phasors in a single-phase earth fault, phase a to ground, and a two- phase short circuit, phases b-c, are short-circuited when the polarizing quantity is the po...

  • Page 223

    Guid-bf32c1d4-ecb5-4e96-a27a-05c637d32c86 v1 en figure 111: examples of network rotation direction 4.1.4.7 application dph3xpdoc is used as short circuit protection in three-phase distribution or sub transmission networks operating at 50 hz. In radial networks, phase overcurrent ieds are often suffi...

  • Page 224

    Is a risk that the fault situation in one part of the feeding system can de-energize the whole system connected to the lv-side. Guid-1a2bd0ad-b217-46f4-a6b4-6fc6e6256eb3 v2 en figure 112: overcurrent protection of parallel lines using directional ieds dph3xpdoc can be used for parallel operating tra...

  • Page 225

    Arrows define the non-directional functionality where faults can be detected in both directions. Guid-276a9d62-bd74-4335-8f20-ec1731b58889 v1 en figure 114: closed-ring network topology where feeding lines are protected with directional overcurrent ieds 4.1.4.8 signals table 219: dph3lpdoc input sig...

  • Page 226

    Table 221: dph3lpdoc output signals name type description operate boolean operate start boolean start opr_a boolean operate phase a opr_b boolean operate phase b opr_c boolean operate phase c st_a boolean start phase a st_b boolean start phase b st_c boolean start phase c table 222: dph3hpdoc output...

  • Page 227

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description operating curve type 1=ansi ext. Inv. 2=ansi very inv. 3=ansi norm. Inv. 4=ansi mod. Inv. 5=ansi def. Time 6=l.T.E. Inv. 7=l.T.V. Inv. 8=l.T. Inv. 9=iec norm. Inv. 10=iec very inv. 11=iec inv. 12=iec ext. Inv. 13=iec s.T. Inv. 14=iec l.T. Inv. 1...

  • Page 228

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description curve parameter c 0.02...2.00 2.00 parameter c for customer programmable curve curve parameter d 0.46...30.00 29.10 parameter d for customer programmable curve curve parameter e 0.0...1.0 1.0 parameter e for customer programmable curve allow non...

  • Page 229

    Table 226: dph3hpdoc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on reset delay time 0...60000 ms 10 20 reset delay time minimum operate time 20...60000 ms 10 20 minimum operate time for idmt curves allow non dir 0=false 1=true ...

  • Page 230

    Name type values (range) unit description dir_c enum 0=unknown 1=forward 2=backward 3=both direction phase c angle_a float32 -180.00...180.00 deg calculated angle difference, phase a angle_b float32 -180.00...180.00 deg calculated angle difference, phase b angle_c float32 -180.00...180.00 deg calcul...

  • Page 231

    4.1.4.11 technical data table 229: dph3xpdoc technical data characteristic value operation accuracy dph3lpdoc depending on the frequency of the current measured: f n ±2 hz current: ±1.5% of the set value or ±0.002 x i n voltage: ±1.5% of the set value or ±0.002 x u n phase angle: ±2° dph3hpdoc ±1.5%...

  • Page 232

    4.1.5.2 function block a070691 v2 en figure 115: function block 4.1.5.3 functionality the increased utilization of power systems closer to the thermal limits has generated a need for a thermal overload function also for power lines. A thermal overload is in some cases not detected by other protectio...

  • Page 233

    Temperature estimator thermal counter ena_mult alarm blk_close operate blk_opr start max current selector i_a i_b i_c amb_temp a070747 v3 en figure 116: functional module diagram. I_a, i_b and i_c represent phase currents. Max current selector the max current selector of the function continuously ch...

  • Page 234

    Θ Θ Θ Θ ∆ n n final n t e = + − ( ) ⋅ − − − − 1 1 1 τ a070781 v2 en (equation 4) Θ n calculated present temperature Θ n-1 calculated temperature at previous time step Θ final calculated final temperature with actual current Δt time step between calculation of actual temperature t thermal time consta...

  • Page 235

    T lockout release final lockout release final n _ _ ln = − ⋅ − − τ Θ Θ Θ Θ a070783 v3 en (equation 6) here the final temperature is equal to the set or measured ambient temperature. In some applications, the measured current can involve a number of parallel lines. This is often used for cable lines ...

  • Page 236

    The thermal overload protection provides information that makes temporary overloading of cables and lines possible. The thermal overload protection estimates the conductor temperature continuously. This estimation is made by using a thermal model of the line/cable that is based on the current measur...

  • Page 237

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description maximum temperature 20.0...200.0 °c 0.1 90.0 temperature level for operate alarm value 20.0...150.0 °c 0.1 80.0 temperature level for start (alarm) reclose temperature 20.0...150.0 °c 0.1 70.0 temperature for reset of block reclose after operate...

  • Page 238

    4.1.5.10 technical revision history table 236: t1pttr technical revision history technical revision change c removed the sensor available setting parameter d added the amb_temp input 4.1.6 three-phase thermal overload protection for power transformers, two time constants t2pttr 4.1.6.1 identificatio...

  • Page 239

    4.1.6.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "off". The operation of the three-phase thermal overload, two time constant protection for power transformers can be described using a module diagram. All ...

  • Page 240

    The temperature rise setting is used when the value of the reference temperature rise corresponds to the current reference value. The temperature values with the corresponding transformer load currents are usually given by transformer manufacturers. Thermal counter t2pttr applies the thermal model o...

  • Page 241

    Guid-e040fff4-7fe3-4736-8e5f-d96db1f1b16b v1 en figure 119: effect of the weighting factor p factor and the difference between the two time constants and one time constant models the actual temperature of the transformer is calculated by adding the ambient temperature to the calculated temperature. ...

  • Page 242

    Clear menu. The temperature is stored in a nonvolatile memory and restored if the ied is restarted. The max temperature setting defines the maximum temperature of the transformer in degrees celsius (°c). The value of the max temperature setting is usually given by transformer manufacturers. The actu...

  • Page 243

    • onan: the air is naturally circulated to the coolers without fans, and the oil is naturally circulated without pumps. • ofaf: the coolers have fans to force air for cooling, and pumps to force the circulation of the transformer oil. The protection has several parameter sets located in the setting ...

  • Page 244

    Single time constant (min) short time constant (min) long time constant (min) weighting factor p 25 2.6 41 0.4 30 3.1 49 0.4 35 3.6 58 0.4 40 4.1 60 0.4 45 4.8 75 0.4 50 5.1 82 0.4 55 5.6 90 0.4 60 6.1 98 0.4 65 6.7 107 0.4 70 7.2 115 0.4 75 7.8 124 0.4 the default max temperature setting is 105°c. ...

  • Page 245

    4.1.6.7 settings table 240: t2pttr group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description env temperature set -50...100 °c 1 40 ambient temperature used when no external temperature measurement available current reference 0.05...4.00 xin 0.01 1.00 the load current leading to temperatu...

  • Page 246

    4.1.6.9 technical data table 243: t2pttr technical data characteristic value operation accuracy depending on the frequency of the current measured: f n ±2 hz current measurement: ±1.5% of the set value or ±0.002 x i n (at currents in the range of 0.01...4.00 x i n ) operate time accuracy 1) ±2.0% of...

  • Page 247

    The function starts when the measured current exceeds the breakdown torque level, that is, above the set limit. The operation characteristic is definite time. The function contains a blocking functionality. It is possible to block the function outputs. 4.1.7.4 operation principle the function can be...

  • Page 248

    Blocking logic there are three operation modes in the blocking functionality. The operation modes are controlled by the block input and the global setting "configuration/system/ blocking mode" which selects the blocking mode. The block input can be controlled by a binary input, a horizontal communic...

  • Page 249

    Table 246: jamptoc output signals name type description operate boolean operate 4.1.7.7 settings table 247: jamptoc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on start value 0.10...10.00 xin 0.01 2.50 start value operate delay ...

  • Page 250

    4.1.8 loss of load supervision loflptuc 4.1.8.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number loss of load supervision loflptuc 3i 37 4.1.8.2 function block guid-b7774d44-24db-48b1-888b-d9e3ea741f23 v2 en figure 122: function bloc...

  • Page 251

    Level detector 1 this module compares the phase currents (rms value) to the set start value high setting. If all the phase current values are less than the set start value high value, the loss of load condition is detected and an enable signal is sent to the timer. This signal is disabled after one ...

  • Page 252

    And interprets that the motor is de-energized and disables the function to prevent unnecessary trip events. 4.1.8.6 signals table 250: loflptuc input signals name type default description i_a signal 0 phase a current i_b signal 0 phase b current i_c signal 0 phase c current block boolean 0=false blo...

  • Page 253

    4.1.8.9 technical data table 255: loflptuc technical data characteristic value operation accuracy depending on the frequency of the current measured: f n ±2 hz ±1.5% of the set value or ±0.002 x i n start time typical 300 ms reset time reset ratio typical 1.04 retardation time operate time accuracy ...

  • Page 254

    Drawing excessive current and overheating, which causes the premature insulation failures of the windings and, in worst cases, burning out of the motors. 4.1.9.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "...

  • Page 255

    Env temperature mode setting is on "use input" mode, the internal flc is calculated from temperature data available through resistance temperature detectors (rtds) using the amb_temp input. Table 256: modification of internal flc ambient temperature t amb internal flc flc x 1.09 20 to flc x (1.18 - ...

  • Page 256

    I trms value of the measured max of phase currents i r set rated current , flc or internal flc i 2 measured negative sequence current k set value of overload factor k 2 set value of negative seq factor p set value of weighting factor t time constant the equation θ b is used when the values of all th...

  • Page 257

    And are set through the time constant start, time constant normal and time constant stop settings. Only one time constant is valid at a time. Table 257: time constant and the respective phase current values time constant (tau) in use phase current time constant start any current whose value is over ...

  • Page 258

    When the thermal content reaches 100 percent, the operate output is activated. The operate output is deactivated when the value of the measured current falls below 12 percent of rated current or the thermal content drops below 100 percent. The activation of the block input blocks the alarm, blk_rest...

  • Page 259

    Tau 3840 1920 960 640 480 320 160 80 [s] guid-f3d1e6d3-86e9-4c0a-bd43-350003a07292 v1 en figure 127: trip curves when no prior load and p=20...100 %. Overload factor = 1.05. 1yht530004d05 d section 4 protection functions 615 series 253 technical manual.

  • Page 260

    Tau 3840 1920 960 80 160 320 480 640 [s] guid-44a67c51-e35d-4335-bdbd-5cd0d3f41ef1 v1 en figure 128: trip curves at prior load 1 x flc and p=100 %, overload factor = 1.05. Section 4 1yht530004d05 d protection functions 254 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 261

    Tau 3840 1920 960 640 480 320 160 80 [s] guid-5cb18a7c-54fc-4836-9049-0ce926f35adf v1 en figure 129: trip curves at prior load 1 x flc and p=50 %. Overload factor = 1.05. 1yht530004d05 d section 4 protection functions 615 series 255 technical manual.

  • Page 262

    4.1.9.5 application mpttr is intended to limit the motor thermal level to predetermined values during the abnormal motor operating conditions. This prevents a premature motor insulation failure. The abnormal conditions result in overheating and include overload, stalling, failure to start, high ambi...

  • Page 263

    When protecting the objects without hot spot tendencies, for example motors started with soft starters, and cables, the value of weighting factor p is set to 100 percent. With the value of weighting factor p set to 100 percent, the thermal level decreases slowly after a heavy load condition. This ma...

  • Page 264

    T/s 1000 100 500 200 50 10 20 5 1 2 3 4 30 40 300 400 2000 3000 4000 1 2 3 4 5 10 6 8 i/i q 1.05 p [%] 20 50 75 100 x cold curve guid-b6f9e655-4ffc-4b06-841a-68dade785bf2 v1 en figure 130: the influence of weighting factor p at prior load 1xflc, timeconstant = 640 sec, and overload factor = 1.05 sec...

  • Page 265

    Setting the overload factor the value of overload factor defines the highest permissible continuous load. The recommended value is 1.05. Setting the negative sequence factor during the unbalance condition, the symmetry of the stator currents is disturbed and a counter-rotating negative sequence comp...

  • Page 266

    Setting the thermal restart level the restart disable level can be calculated as follows: θ i startup time of the motor operate time when no prior load = − × 100 10 % 0 0% + margin guid-5b3b714d-8c58-4c5d-910d-a23852bc8b15 v1 en (equation 14) for example, the motor startup time is 11 seconds, start-...

  • Page 267

    4.1.9.7 settings table 260: mpttr group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description overload factor 1.00...1.20 0.01 1.05 overload factor (k) alarm thermal value 50.0...100.0 % 0.1 95.0 thermal level above which function gives an alarm restart thermal val 20.0...80.0 % 0.1 40.0 t...

  • Page 268

    4.1.9.8 monitored data table 262: mpttr monitored data name type values (range) unit description temp_rl float32 0.00...9.99 the calculated temperature of the protected object relative to the operate level thermlev_st float32 0.00...9.99 thermal level at beginning of motor startup thermlev_end float...

  • Page 269

    4.2 earth-fault protection 4.2.1 non-directional earth-fault protection efxptoc 4.2.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number non-directional earth-fault protection - low stage eflptoc io> 51n-1 non-directional earth-fault...

  • Page 270

    4.2.1.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "off". The operation of non-directional earth-fault protection can be described by using a module diagram. All the modules in the diagram are explained in ...

  • Page 271

    The idmt curves are selected, the type of reset curve setting can be set to "immediate", "def time reset" or "inverse reset". The reset curve type "immediate" causes an immediate reset. With the reset curve type "def time reset", the reset time depends on the reset delay time setting. With the reset...

  • Page 272

    Table 265: measurement modes supported by efxptoc stages measurement mode supported measurement modes eflptoc efhptoc efiptoc rms x x dft x x peak-to-peak x x x for a detailed description of the measurement modes, see the measurement modes section in this manual. 4.2.1.6 timer characteristics efxpto...

  • Page 273

    Operating curve type supported by eflptoc efhptoc (12) iec extremely inverse x x (13) iec short time inverse x (14) iec long time inverse x (15) iec definite time x x (17) user programmable curve x x (18) ri type x (19) rd type x efiptoc supports only definite time characteristics. For a detailed de...

  • Page 274

    Many applications require several steps using different current start levels and time delays. Efxptoc consists of three different protection stages. • low eflptoc • high efhptoc • instantaneous efiptoc eflptoc contains several types of time-delay characteristics. Efhptoc and efiptoc are used for fas...

  • Page 275

    Table 273: efiptoc output signals name type description operate boolean operate start boolean start 4.2.1.9 settings table 274: eflptoc group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start value 0.010...5.000 xin 0.005 0.010 start value start value mult 0.8...10.0 0.1 1.0 mult...

  • Page 276

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description curve parameter c 0.02...2.00 2.00 parameter c for customer programmable curve curve parameter d 0.46...30.00 29.10 parameter d for customer programmable curve curve parameter e 0.0...1.0 1.0 parameter e for customer programmable curve io signal...

  • Page 277

    Table 278: efiptoc group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start value 1.00...40.00 xin 0.01 1.00 start value start value mult 0.8...10.0 0.1 1.0 multiplier for scaling the start value operate delay time 20...200000 ms 10 20 operate delay time table 279: efiptoc non gro...

  • Page 278

    4.2.1.11 technical data table 283: efxptoc technical data characteristic value operation accuracy depending on the frequency of the current measured: f n ±2 hz eflptoc ±1.5% of the set value or ±0.002 x i n efhptoc and efiptoc ±1.5% of set value or ±0.002 x i n (at currents in the range of 0.1…10 x ...

  • Page 279

    Table 285: efhptoc technical revision history technical revision change b minimum and default values changed to 40 ms for the operate delay time setting c added a setting parameter for the "measured io" or "calculated io" selection d step value changed from 0.05 to 0.01 for the time multiplier setti...

  • Page 280

    4.2.2.3 functionality the earth-fault function defxpdef is used as directional earth-fault protection for feeders. The function starts and operates when the operating quantity (current) and polarizing quantity (voltage) exceed the set limits and the angle between them is inside the set operating sec...

  • Page 281

    The polarizing quantity is compared to the set voltage start value. If both limits are exceeded, the level detector sends an enabling signal to the timer module. When the enable voltage limit setting is set to "false", voltage start value has no effect and the level detection is purely based on the ...

  • Page 283

    The characteristic angle setting is used in the "phase angle" mode to adjust the operation according to the method of neutral point earthing so that in an isolated network the characteristic angle (φ rca ) = -90° and in a compensated network φ rca = 0°. In addition, the characteristic angle can be c...

  • Page 284

    Timer once activated, the timer activates the start output. Depending on the value of the operating curve type setting, the time characteristics are according to dt or idmt. When the operation timer has reached the value of operate delay time in the dt mode or the maximum value defined by the invers...

  • Page 285

    Controlled by a binary input, a horizontal communication input or an internal signal of the ied program. The influence of the block signal activation is preselected with the global setting blocking mode. The blocking mode setting has three blocking methods. In the "freeze timers" mode, the operation...

  • Page 286

    Guid-829c6ceb-19f0-4730-ac98-c5528c35a297 v2 en figure 135: definition of the relay characteristic angle, rca=0 degrees in a compensated network example 2 the "phase angle" mode is selected, solidly earthed network (φrca = +60 deg) => characteristic angle = +60 deg section 4 1yht530004d05 d protecti...

  • Page 287

    Guid-d72d678c-9c87-4830-bb85-fe00f5ea39c2 v2 en figure 136: definition of the relay characteristic angle, rca=+60 degrees in a solidly earthed network example 3 the "phase angle" mode is selected, isolated network (φrca = -90 deg) => characteristic angle = -90 deg 1yht530004d05 d section 4 protectio...

  • Page 288

    Guid-67be307e-576a-44a9-b615-2a3b184a410d v2 en figure 137: definition of the relay characteristic angle, rca=–90 degrees in an isolated network directional earth-fault protection in an isolated neutral network in isolated networks, there is no intentional connection between the system neutral point...

  • Page 289

    A070441 v1 en figure 138: earth-fault situation in an isolated network directional earth-fault protection in a compensated network in compensated networks, the capacitive fault current and the inductive resonance coil current compensate each other. The protection cannot be based on the reactive curr...

  • Page 290

    Coil in compensated networks. As a result the characteristic angle is set automatically to suit the earthing method used. The rca_ctl input can be used to change the operation criteria as described in table 289 and table 290 . Table 289: relay characteristic angle control in iosin(φ) and iocos(φ) op...

  • Page 291

    A070443 v3 en figure 140: extended operation area in directional earth-fault protection 4.2.2.6 measurement modes the function operates on three alternative measurement modes: "rms", "dft" and "peak-to-peak". The measurement mode is selected with the measurement mode setting. Table 291: measurement ...

  • Page 292

    4.2.2.7 timer characteristics defxpdef supports both dt and idmt characteristics. The user can select the timer characteristics with the operating curve type setting. The ied provides 16 idmt characteristics curves, of which seven comply with the ieee c37.112 and six with the iec 60255-3 standard. T...

  • Page 293

    Table 293: reset time characteristics supported by different stages reset curve type supported by deflpdef defhpdef note (1) immediate x x available for all operate time curves (2) def time reset x x available for all operate time curves (3) inverse reset x x available only for ansi and user program...

  • Page 294

    Guid-92004ad5-05aa-4306-9574-9ed8d51524b4 v2 en figure 141: configurable operating sectors in phase angle characteristic table 294: momentary operating direction fault direction the value for direction angle between the polarizing and operating quantity is not in any of the defined sectors. 0 = unkn...

  • Page 295

    Function is allowed to operate in the directional mode as non-directional, since the directional information is invalid. Iosin(φ) and iocos(φ) criteria a more modern approach to directional protection is the active or reactive current measurement. The operating characteristic of the directional oper...

  • Page 296

    Iosin(φ) criterion selected, forward-type fault => fault_dir = 1 guid-560efc3c-34bf-4852-bf8c-e3a2a7750275 v2 en figure 142: operating characteristic iosin(φ) in forward fault the operating sector is limited by angle correction, that is, the operating sector is 180 degrees - 2*(angle correction). Ex...

  • Page 297

    Guid-10a890be-8c81-45b2-9299-77dd764171e1 v2 en figure 143: operating characteristic iosin(φ) in reverse fault example 3. Iocos(φ) criterion selected, forward-type fault => fault_dir = 1 guid-11e40c1f-6245-4532-9199-2e2f1d9b45e4 v2 en figure 144: operating characteristic iocos(φ) in forward fault ex...

  • Page 298

    Iocos(φ) criterion selected, reverse-type fault => fault_dir = 2 guid-54acb854-f11d-4af2-8bdb-69e5f6c13ef1 v2 en figure 145: operating characteristic iocos(φ) in reverse fault phase angle 80 the operation criterion phase angle 80 is selected with the operation mode setting by using the value "phase ...

  • Page 299

    Guid-efc9438d-9169-4733-9be9-6b343f37001a v2 en figure 146: operating characteristic for phase angle 80 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 io / % of i n 0 90 45 30 15 75 60 -90 -45 -30 -15 -75 -60 min forward angle 1 80 deg 70 deg operating zone non- operating zone 3% of in 1% of in guid-49d23adf-4da0-4f7a-8020-757f3...

  • Page 300

    Phase angle 88 implements the same functionality as the phase angle but with the following differences: • the max forward angle and max reverse angle settings cannot be set but they have a fixed value of 88 degrees • the sector limits of the fixed sectors are rounded. Sector rounding in the phase an...

  • Page 301

    20 30 40 50 70 80 90 100 io / % of i n 0 90 45 30 15 75 60 -90 -45 -30 -15 -75 -60 min forward angle 10 88 deg 85 deg 73 deg 100% of in 20% of in 1% of in guid-f9f1619d-e1b5-4650-a5cb-b62a7f6b0a90 v2 en figure 149: phase angle 88 amplitude (directional mode = forward) 4.2.2.9 application the directi...

  • Page 302

    The protection settings to stay the same when the resonance coil is disconnected from between the neutral point and earth. System neutral earthing is meant to protect personnel and equipment and to reduce interference for example in telecommunication systems. The neutral earthing sets challenges for...

  • Page 303

    When using core balance current transformers. The following figure describes how measuring transformers can be connected to the ied. A070697 v2 en figure 150: connection of measuring transformers 4.2.2.10 signals table 296: deflpdef input signals name type default description io signal 0 residual cu...

  • Page 304

    Table 298: deflpdef output signals name type description operate boolean operate start boolean start table 299: defhpdef output signals name type description operate boolean operate start boolean start 4.2.2.11 settings table 300: deflpdef group settings parameter values (range) unit step default de...

  • Page 305

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description max reverse angle 0...180 deg 1 80 maximum phase angle in reverse direction min forward angle 0...180 deg 1 80 minimum phase angle in forward direction min reverse angle 0...180 deg 1 80 minimum phase angle in reverse direction voltage start val...

  • Page 306

    Table 302: defhpdef group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start value 0.10...40.00 xin 0.01 0.10 start value start value mult 0.8...10.0 0.1 1.0 multiplier for scaling the start value directional mode 1=non-directional 2=forward 3=reverse 2=forward directional mode ti...

  • Page 307

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description pol reversal 0=false 1=true 0=false rotate polarizing quantity curve parameter a 0.0086...120.0000 28.2000 parameter a for customer programmable curve curve parameter b 0.0000...0.7120 0.1217 parameter b for customer programmable curve curve par...

  • Page 308

    Table 305: defhpdef monitored data name type values (range) unit description fault_dir enum 0=unknown 1=forward 2=backward 3=both detected fault direction start_dur float32 0.00...100.00 % ratio of start time / operate time direction enum 0=unknown 1=forward 2=backward 3=both direction information a...

  • Page 309

    Characteristic value start time 1)2) minimum typical maximum defhpdef i fault = 2 x set start value 42 ms 44 ms 46 ms deflpdef i fault = 2 x set start value 61 ms 64 ms 66 ms reset time reset ratio typical 0.96 retardation time operate time accuracy in definite time mode ±1.0% of the set value or ±2...

  • Page 310

    Table 308: deflpdef technical revision history technical revision change b maximum value changed to 180 deg for the max forward angle setting. Start value step changed to 0.005 c added a setting parameter for the "measured io" or "calculated io" selection and setting parameter for the "measured uo",...

  • Page 311

    4.2.3.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "off". The operation of transient/intermittent earth-fault protection can be described with a module diagram. All the modules in the diagram are explained ...

  • Page 312

    Earth faults. The "intermittent ef" mode is dedicated for detecting intermittent earth faults in cable networks. Traditional earth fault protection should always be used in parallel with the intrptef function. The fault indication logic module determines the direction of the fault. When directional ...

  • Page 313

    Blocking logic there are three operation modes in the blocking functionality. The operation modes are controlled by the block input and the global setting configuration/system/ blocking mode which selects the blocking mode. The block input can be controlled by a binary input, a horizontal communicat...

  • Page 314

    Residual current io and residual voltage uo feeder feeder meas iov fault point k re -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 residual current (ka) residual voltage x 10 2 (kv) incomer comp. Coil ioj uo k re 0 0.1 ioj (faulty feeder) iov (healthy feeder) uo pulse width 400 - 800 s pulse interval 5 - 300 ms peak value ~0.1 ......

  • Page 315

    Guid-cc4addea-ee11-4011-b184-f873473eba9f v1 en figure 154: example of earth-fault transients, including discharge and charge transient components, when a permanent fault occurs in a 20 kv network in phase c 4.2.3.6 signals table 309: intrptef input signals name type default description io signal 0 ...

  • Page 316

    Table 312: intrptef non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on operation mode 1=intermittent ef 2=transient ef 1=intermittent ef operation criteria reset delay time 40...60000 ms 1 500 reset delay time peak counter limit 2.....

  • Page 317

    4.2.3.10 technical revision history table 315: intrptef technical revision history technical revision change b minimum and default values changed to 40 ms for the operate delay time setting c the minimum operate current setting is added. Correction in iec61850 mapping: do blkef renamed to inhef. Min...

  • Page 318

    Yo io uo = − / guid-f8bbc6a4-47bb-4fcb-a2e0-87fd46073aaf v1 en (equation 15) the measured admittance is compared to the admittance characteristic boundaries in the admittance plane. The supported characteristics include overadmittance, oversusceptance, overconductance or any combination of the three...

  • Page 319

    When the residual voltage exceeds the set threshold voltage start value, an earth fault is detected and the neutral admittance calculation is released. To ensure a sufficient accuracy for the io and uo measurements, it is required that the residual voltage exceeds the value set by min operate voltag...

  • Page 320

    Traditionally, admittance calculation is done with the calculation mode "normal", that is, with the current and voltage values directly measured during the fault. As an alternative, by selecting the calculation mode "delta", the prefault zero- sequence asymmetry of the network can be removed from th...

  • Page 321

    Due to inaccuracies in voltage and current measurement, the small real part of the calculated neutral admittance may appear as positive, which brings the measured admittance in the fourth quadrant in the admittance plane. This should be considered when setting the admittance characteristic. ~ ~ ~ a ...

  • Page 322

    For example, in a 15 kv compensated network with the magnitude of the earth- fault current in the protected feeder being 10 a (rf = 0 ohm), the theoretical value for the measured admittance during an earth fault in the reverse direction, that is, outside the protected feeder, can be calculated: yo j...

  • Page 323

    ≈ + ⋅ − ( ) i j i i u rn etot efd ph guid-caa0c492-20cf-406c-80ac-8301375ab454 v1 en (equation 26) y bgtot sum of the phase-to-earth admittances (y bga , y bgb , y bgc ) of the background network y cc admittance of the earthing arrangement (compensation coil and parallel resistor) i rcc rated curren...

  • Page 324

    Im(yo) re(yo) forward fault, unearthed network: yo ≈ j*(i etot -i efd )/u ph forward fault, compensated network: yo ≈ (i rcc + j*(i etot *(1-k) - i efd ))/u ph under-comp. (k resonance (k=1) over-comp. (k>1) reverse fault: yo ≈ -j*i efd /u ph forward fault, high resistance earthed network: yo ≈ (i r...

  • Page 325

    Selectivity is achieved when the compensated network is operated either in the undercompensated or overcompensated mode. For example, in a 15 kv compensated network, the magnitude of the earth fault current of the protected feeder is 10 a (rf = 0 ohm) and the magnitude of the network is 100 a (rf = ...

  • Page 326

    Table 316: operation criteria operation mode description yo admittance criterion bo susceptance criterion go conductance criterion yo, go admittance criterion combined with the conductance criterion yo, bo admittance criterion combined with the susceptance criterion go, bo conductance criterion comb...

  • Page 327

    Operation mode yo bo go im(yo) settings: •circle conductance •circle susceptance •circle radius im(yo) settings: •susceptance forward •susceptance reverse •susceptance tilt ang re(yo) settings: •conductance forward •conductance reverse •conductance tilt ang re(yo) im(yo) re(yo) not applicable in hig...

  • Page 328

    Operation mode yo bo go settings: •circle conductance •circle susceptance •circle radius settings: •susceptance forward •susceptance tilt ang settings: •conductance forward •conductance tilt ang im(yo) re(yo) re(yo) im(yo) im(yo) re(yo) not applicable in high resistance earthed or compensated system...

  • Page 329

    Operation mode settings: •circle conductance •circle susceptance •circle radius settings: •susceptance reverse •susceptance tilt ang settings: •conductance reverse •conductance tilt ang im(yo) re(yo) re(yo) im(yo) im(yo) re(yo) not applicable in high resistance earthed or compensated systems! Not ap...

  • Page 330

    Disappears before the module operates, the reset timer is activated. If the reset timer reaches the value set with the reset delay time setting, the operation timer resets and the start output is deactivated. The timer calculates the start duration value start_dur, which indicates the percentage rat...

  • Page 331

    Im(yo) re(yo) circle radius operate operate operate operate im(yo) re(yo) circle radius operate operate operate operate circle conductance circle susceptance guid-ad789221-4073-4587-8e82-cd9bbd672ae0 v1 en figure 162: overadmittance characteristic. Left figure: classical origin-centered admittance c...

  • Page 332

    Re(yo) im(yo) conductance forward conductance reverse conductance tilt ang re(yo) im(yo) conductance tilt ang >0 re(yo) im(yo) operate operate operate operate operate operate operate operate operate operate operate operate conductance forward conductance reverse conductance forward conductance rever...

  • Page 333

    Forward directional oversusceptance characteristic the forward directional oversusceptance criterion is enabled with the operation mode setting set to "bo" and directional mode to "forward". The characteristic is defined by one oversusceptance boundary line with the susceptance forward setting. For ...

  • Page 334

    In case of the non-directional conductance criterion, the conductance reverse setting must be set to a smaller value than conductance forward. If this rule is not followed, a conflict situation is declared in the monitored data conflict. Operation is achieved when the measured admittance moves outsi...

  • Page 335

    For the sake of application flexibility, the boundary lines can be tilted by the angle defined with the conductance tilt ang and susceptance tilt ang settings. By default, the tilt angles are zero degrees, that is, the boundary lines are straight lines in the admittance plane. A positive conductance...

  • Page 336

    Re(yo) im(yo) susceptance forward operate operate conductance forward operate susceptance reverse operate conductance tilt ang >0 susceptance tilt ang conductance reverse guid-0a34b498-4fdb-44b3-a539-bae8f10abdf0 v1 en figure 168: combined non-directional overconductance and non-directional oversusc...

  • Page 337

    During normal operation with a proper margin. It should consider all possible operation conditions and configuration changes in the network. In unearthed systems, the healthy-state uo is typically less than 1%xuph (uph = nominal phase- to-earth voltage). In compensated networks, the healthy-state uo...

  • Page 338

    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 total earth fault current (a), rf = 0 ohm re si d ua l v o lt ag e (% ) resonance, k = 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 total earth fault current (a), rf = 0 ohm re si d ua l v o lt ag e (% ) over/un...

  • Page 339

    Example in a 15 kv, 50 hz compensated network, the maximum value for uo during the healthy state is 10%xuph. Maximum earth-fault current of the system is 100 a. The maximum earth fault current of the protected feeder is 10 a (rf = 0 ohm). The applied active current forcing scheme uses a 15 a resisto...

  • Page 340

    The admittance characteristic is set to cover the total admittance of the protected feeder with a proper margin, see figure 172 . Conductance forward = 1.73 ms · 0.2 ≈ 0.35 ms conductance reverse = -1.0 ms (valid range apprx. 0.5 · 1.15 - 1.2 · 1.73 = -0.6...-2.1) susceptance forward = 0.1 ms suscep...

  • Page 341

    4.2.4.8 settings table 319: efpadm group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description voltage start value 0.01...2.00 xun 0.01 0.15 voltage start value directional mode 1=non-directional 2=forward 3=reverse 2=forward directional mode operation mode 1=yo 2=go 3=bo 4=yo, go 5=yo, bo...

  • Page 342

    4.2.4.9 monitored data table 321: efpadm monitored data name type values (range) unit description start_dur float32 0.00...100.00 % ratio of start time / operate time fault_dir enum 0=unknown 1=forward 2=backward 3=both detected fault direction cond_res float32 -1000.00...1000. 00 ms real part of ca...

  • Page 343

    4.2.5.2 function block operate start io haefptoc i_ref_res block guid-a27b40f5-1e7d-4880-bbc4-3b07b73e9067 v2 en figure 173: function block 4.2.5.3 haefptoc functionality the harmonics earth-fault protection haefptoc is used instead of a traditional earth-fault protection in networks where a fundame...

  • Page 344

    Guid-dfedb90a-4ece-4baa-9987-87f02ba0798a v2 en figure 174: functional module diagram harmonics calculation this module feeds the measured residual current to the high-pass filter, where the frequency range is limited to start from two times the fundamental frequency of the network (for example, in ...

  • Page 345

    Nor maliz ed output 0.5 0 0 1.0 frequency 2f f guid-f05ba8c4-ac2b-420c-ae9d-946e815682d5 v1 en figure 175: high-pass filter level detector the harmonics current is compared to the start value setting. If the value exceeds the value of the start value setting, level detector sends an enabling signal ...

  • Page 346

    Table 323: values of the enable reference use setting enable reference use functionality standalone in the standalone mode, depending on the value of the operating curve type setting, the time characteristics are according to dt or idmt. When the operation timer has reached the value of the operate ...

  • Page 347

    Operating curve type is selected, an immediate reset occurs during the drop-off situation. The setting time multiplier is used for scaling the idmt operation and reset times. The setting parameter minimum operate time defines the minimum desired operation time for idmt. The setting is applicable onl...

  • Page 348

    Analogue goose receive analogue goose receive analogue goose receive max analogue goose send haefptoc i_ref_res block start operate io i_harm_res blkd_i_ref guid-4f4792f0-b311-4eb2-8ec8-56f062592158 v1 en figure 176: protection scheme based on the analog goose communication with three analog goose r...

  • Page 349

    4.2.5.7 settings table 326: haefptoc group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start value 0.05...5.00 xin 0.01 0.10 start value time multiplier 0.05...15.00 0.01 1.00 time multiplier in iec/ansi idmt curves operate delay time 100...200000 ms 10 600 operate delay time min...

  • Page 350

    4.2.5.8 monitored data table 328: haefptoc monitored data name type values (range) unit description start_dur float32 0.00...100.00 % ratio of start time / operate time i_harm_res float32 0.0...30000.0 a calculated harmonics current blkd_i_ref boolean 0=false 1=true current comparison status indicat...

  • Page 351

    4.3 differential protection 4.3.1 line differential protection and related measurements, stabilized and instantaneous stages lnpldf 4.3.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number line differential protection and related mea...

  • Page 352

    4.3.1.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are “on” and “off”. The function can also be set into test mode by setting the operation setting to “test/ blocked”. The operation of the line differential protection a...

  • Page 353

    • small steady state line charging current • in-zone transformer no load current • impact of tap changer positions the timer is activated according to the calculated differential, stabilizing current and the set differential characteristic. Guid-c5da7d40-a17a-473f-a73d-6b291716c4a3 v2 en figure 179:...

  • Page 354

    The slope of the operating characteristic curve of the differential function varies in the different sections of the range: • section 1 where 0.0 b /i r end section 1. The differential current required for tripping is constant. The value of the differential current is the same as the basic setting (...

  • Page 355

    Parameter value. When the internal blocking of the stabilized low stage is activated, the rstd2h_loc and rstd2h_rem outputs will also be activated at the same time depending on whether the inrush has been detected on local or remote end or on both ends. Guid-92818f6b-4fb7-4d5c-af64-36786f31aed8 v3 e...

  • Page 356

    I i i b loc rem = − 2 guid-6014fafc-12cb-4db3-85a9-0ef254d1729d v2 en (equation 30) depending on the location of the star points of the current transformers, the polarity of the local end remote currents may be different causing malfunction of the calculation algorithms. The ct transformation ratio ...

  • Page 357

    I s u nt n n = × 3 guid-b2130c43-e82b-4617-9fc4-79ab2f735cd9 v1 en (equation 31) i nt rated load of the power transformer s n rated power of the power transformer u n rated phase-to-phase voltage next, the settings for the ct ratio correction can be calculated with the formula: ct ratio correction i...

  • Page 358

    Lv side (a): i nt_b = 5 mva / (1.732 × 10.5 kv) = 274.9 a so the settings for ct ratio corrections at hv (a) and lv (b) side are: ct ratio correction (a) = 200 a / 144.3 a = 1.386 ct ratio correction (b) = 300 a / 274.9 a = 1.091 ct connections the connections of the primary current transformers are...

  • Page 359

    Guid-ced6a87f-980c-408d-b069-99acdf1ace86 v2 en figure 185: connection example of current transformers of type 1 1yht530004d05 d section 4 protection functions 615 series 353 technical manual.

  • Page 360

    Guid-bfa25e96-b9fc-49f8-a8e2-23f2b5548490 v2 en figure 186: connection example of current transformers of type 1 section 4 1yht530004d05 d protection functions 354 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 361

    Guid-c49f5640-2fbd-4758-8c8b-7292130648cf v2 en figure 187: connection example of current transformers of type 2 1yht530004d05 d section 4 protection functions 615 series 355 technical manual.

  • Page 362

    Guid-11abd3ba-877d-411a-a970-3b6d5ba05803 v2 en figure 188: connection example of current transformers of type 2 transformer vector group matching before differential and bias currents can be calculated, the phase difference of the currents must be vector group matched based on the transformer conne...

  • Page 363

    Component can be selected for that winding by setting the zro a elimination parameter. Winding selection setting defines the ied location respect to the transformer. If the ied is situated at the hv side of the transformer, then ied location setting is set to “winding 1” and respectively to “winding...

  • Page 364

    I i i l mlv l l − − − = − 1 1 3 3 guid-aff5341b-32f8-457b-86a2-6a05b950ff29 v1 en (equation 36) i i i l mlv l l − − − = − 2 2 1 3 guid-fe2e9619-077c-4e9a-99a7-c6dd02a34590 v1 en (equation 37) i i i l mlv l l − − − = − 3 3 2 3 guid-99d25f61-7857-4410-86e4-e1dc1b3d5f40 v1 en (equation 38) the “y” side...

  • Page 365

    Vector group of the transformer winding 1 type winding 2 type phase shift zero sequence current elimination yy10 y y 10 not needed yny10 yn y 10 (automatic) ynyn10 yn yn 10 (automatic) yyn10 y yn 10 (automatic) yd1 y d 1 not needed ynd1 yn d 1 (automatic) yd5 y d 5 not needed ynd5 yn d 5 (automatic)...

  • Page 366

    Vector group of the transformer winding 1 type winding 2 type phase shift zero sequence current elimination ynz11 yn z 11 (automatic) ynzn11 yn zn 11 lv side yzn11 y zn 11 (automatic) zy1 z y 1 not needed zyn1 z yn 1 (automatic) znyn1 zn yn 1 hv side zny1 zn y 1 (automatic) zy5 z y 5 not needed zyn5...

  • Page 367

    Vector group of the transformer winding 1 type winding 2 type phase shift zero sequence current elimination zd8 z d 8 not needed znd8 zn d 8 (automatic) zd10 z d 10 not needed znd10 zn d 10 (automatic) zz0 z z 0 not needed znz0 zn z 0 hv side znzn0 zn zn 0 hv & lv side zzn0 z zn 0 lv side zz2 z z 2 ...

  • Page 368

    Before the differential current and the biasing current are calculated. This is why the vector group matching is almost always made on the star connected side of the “ynd” and “dyn” connected transformers. If clock number is “clk num 0” or “clk num 6”, the zero-sequence component of the phase curren...

  • Page 369

    Guid-010e1ff3-d7b0-42c8-9179-09f753d7dfc3 v1 en figure 189: operation logic of the fail safe function the function can also be set into “test/blocked” state with the operation setting. This can also be utilized during the commissioning. The block input is provided for blocking the function with the ...

  • Page 370

    High stage operates immediately when the differential current amplitude is higher than the set value of the high operate value setting. If the ena_mult_hs input is active, the high operate value setting is internally multiplied by the high op value mult setting. Guid-99000979-88be-4a03-9f87-4a9608d9...

  • Page 371

    Str_ls_loc str_ls_rem opr_ls_loc opr_ls_rem opr_hs_loc opr_hs_rem opr_ls_a opr_ls_b opr_ls_c stabilized low stage or send str_ls_a str_ls_b str_ls_c or send opr_hs_a opr_hs_b opr_hs_c or send opr_ls_a opr_ls_b opr_ls_c or receive str_ls_a str_ls_b str_ls_c or receive opr_hs_a opr_hs_b opr_hs_c or re...

  • Page 372

    Corresponding stage are ignored (received direct inter-trip signals from the remote end). The binary signal transfer functionality should therefore be used for transferring the possible additional blocking information between the local and remote terminals whenever the blocking logic behavior needs ...

  • Page 373

    Guid-fc28c85a-6199-4249-8e01-c8693b005d3d v3 en figure 193: operation during test operation of the line differential protection 4.3.1.5 commissioning the commissioning of the line differential protection scheme would be difficult without any support features in the functionality because of the relat...

  • Page 374

    And outputs. Therefore, before testing, check that the available terminal diagram corresponds to the ied. The circuit diagrams of the application are recommended to be available. These are required for checking the terminal block numbers of the current, trip, alarm and possibly other auxiliary circu...

  • Page 375

    Essential test for the proper operation of the directional function, protection or measurement in the ied. • ct secondary loop resistance measurement to confirm that the current transformer secondary loop dc resistance is within specification and that there are no high resistance joints in the ct wi...

  • Page 376

    Accordance with the ied specifications. However, attention must be paid to the electrical safety instructions. Checking optical connections check that the tx and rx optical connections are correct. An ied equipped with optical connections requires a minimum depth of 180 mm for plastic fiber cables a...

  • Page 377

    Guid-f1f4e199-8b6a-4066-accb-07fe4f887417 v3 en figure 194: example of connections to test the line differential ied secondary current injection there are two alternative modes to check the operation of a line differential ied. These are not exclusive methods for each other and can be used for vario...

  • Page 378

    Before the test, the trip signal to the circuit breaker shall be blocked, for example by breaking the trip circuit by opening the terminal block or by using some other suitable method. When injecting current to one phase in the local end ied, the current is seen as a differential current at both end...

  • Page 379

    Guid-6f26d761-cb1d-4d86-80aa-cec95cebc1a9 v2 en figure 195: an example of a test mode situation where three-phase currents are injected to the local end ied guid-21bcdec5-2a22-4aee-831e-bc8a72e40a64 v2 en figure 196: local and remote end currents presented in a web hmi of the ied 4.3.1.6 application...

  • Page 380

    Networks. In a typical network configuration where the line differential protection scheme is applied, the protected zone, that is, the line or cable, is fed from two directions. Guid-e9d80758-16a2-4748-a08c-94c33997e603 v2 en figure 197: line protection with phase segregated line differential with ...

  • Page 381

    Guid-64a6aade-275f-43da-b7d9-2b1340166a4d v2 en figure 198: line differential applications communication supervision a typical line differential protection application includes lnpldf as the main protection. Backup over current functions is needed if a protection communication failure occurs. When t...

  • Page 382

    Guid-01a2a41e-2813-448d-953f-f9690578dede v1 en figure 199: protection communication supervision detects failures on communication in-zone transformer guid-52fc4852-c9d1-4dd1-b2d7-62fce98b7fd7 v1 en figure 200: in-zone transformer example about ct ratio correction calculation the ct ratio correction...

  • Page 383

    I s u n n n Τ = × 3 guid-0024f590-c940-4636-a56b-a8c13a5f1bba v1 en (equation 43) the rated load current of the transformer on the hv side is 209.9 a (40 mw / (√3 × 110 kv)) and the rated load current of the transformer on the lv side is 1154.7 a (40 mw / (√3 × 20 kv)). This means that the ct ratio ...

  • Page 384

    Transformer impedance providing significantly higher fault currents when the fault is located on the line. Guid-f9600d18-75b9-4ea5-8f9b-656fcb1fc938 v1 en figure 202: influence of the short circuit current at lv side of the tapped transformer to the differential current detection of the inrush curre...

  • Page 385

    Guid-0383f2ef-18cc-45a0-a9bc-e04658981495 v2 en figure 203: blocking of line differential functions during detected transformer startup current if the protection stage is allowed to start during the inrush situation, the time delay can be selected so that the stabilized stage does not operate in the...

  • Page 386

    Table 332: lnpldf output signals name type description operate boolean operate, local or remote, stabilized or instantaneous stage start boolean start, local or remote str_ls_loc boolean start stabilized stage local str_ls_rem boolean start stabilized stage remote opr_ls_loc boolean operate stabiliz...

  • Page 387

    Table 334: lnpldf non group settings (basic) parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 4=test/blocked 5=off 1=on operation mode of the function winding selection 1=not in use 2=winding 1 3=winding 2 1=not in use ied location respect to transformer, hv (winding 1) side or ...

  • Page 388

    4.3.1.9 monitored data table 336: lnpldf monitored data name type values (range) unit description start_dur float32 0.00...100.00 % ratio of start time / operate time i_ampl_loc_a float32 0.00...40.00 xir local phase a amplitude after correction i_ampl_loc_b float32 0.00...40.00 xir local phase b am...

  • Page 389

    4.3.1.10 technical data table 337: lnpldf technical data characteristics value operation accuracy 1) depending on the frequency of the measured current: f n ±2 hz low stage ±2.5% of the set value high stage ±2.5% of the set value minimum typical maximum high stage, operate time 2)3) 22 ms 25 ms 29 m...

  • Page 390

    4.3.2.2 function block guid-134e8524-738d-4232-a6bd-4c9bd2a62f8d v1 en figure 204: function block 4.3.2.3 functionality the transformer differential protection tr2ptdf is designed to protect two- winding transformers and generator-transformer blocks. Tr2ptdf includes low biased and high instantaneou...

  • Page 391

    Guid-3a506e19-4e77-4866-8edc-6264823e1090 v1 en figure 205: functional module diagram. I_x1 and i_x2 represent the phase currents of winding 1 and winding 2 differential calculation tr2ptdf operates phase-wise on a difference of incoming and outgoing currents. The positive direction of the currents ...

  • Page 392

    In a normal situation, no fault occurs in the area protected by tr2ptdf. Then the currents i w 1 and i w 2 are equal and the differential current i d is zero. In practice, however, the differential current deviates from zero in normal situations. In the power transformer protection, the differential...

  • Page 393

    By giving winding 1 internal compensation value +30° and winding 2 internal compensation value 0°: i i i i i i i i i l mhv l l l mhv l l l mhv l l 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 = − = − = − guid-633921a4-d973-4bd2-bfdf-e9ff73c3b9e3 v1 en (equation 46) example 2 but if vector group is yd11 and ct connection...

  • Page 394

    Group matching is almost always made on the star connected side of the "ynd" and "dyn" connected transformers. If clock number is "clk num 0" or "clk num 6", the zero-sequence component of the phase currents is not eliminated automatically on either side. Therefore, the zero- sequence component on t...

  • Page 395

    The tap nominal parameter tells the number of the tap, which results in the nominal voltage (and current). When the current tap position deviates from this value, the input current values on the side where the tap changer resides are scaled to match the currents on the other side. A correct scaling ...

  • Page 396

    Second harmonic blocking the transformer magnetizing inrush currents occur when energizing the transformer after a period of de-energization. The inrush current can be many times the rated current and the halving time can be up to several seconds. To the differential protection, the inrush current r...

  • Page 397

    If the peak value of the differential current is very high, that is i r > 12 xin, the limit for the second harmonic blocking is desensitized (in the phase in question) by increasing it proportionally to the peak value of the differential current. The connection of the power transformer against a fau...

  • Page 398

    The fifth harmonic blocking has a hysteresis to avoid rapid fluctuation between "true" and "false". The blocking also has a counter, which counts the required consecutive fulfillments of the condition. When the condition is not fulfilled, the counter is decreased (if >0). Also the fifth harmonic deb...

  • Page 399

    Operate opr_ls blkd2hphar_a (from second harmonic blocking) blkd2hphar_c (from second harmonic blocking) blkd2hphar_a (from second harmonic blocking) fault in protected area (from differential calculation) blkd5hphar_a (from fifth harmonic blocking) blkd5hphar_c (from fifth harmonic blocking) blkd5h...

  • Page 400

    Faults. When the operation of the biased low stage is blocked by the second harmonic blocking functionality, the blkd2h output is activated. When operation of the biased low stage is blocked by the fifth harmonic blocking functionality, the blkd5h output is activated. Correspondingly, when the opera...

  • Page 401

    • in section 1, where 0 percent ir to 50 percent ir, the differential current required for tripping is constant. The value of the differential current is the same as the low operate value selected for the function. Low operate value basically allows the no-load current of the power transformer and s...

  • Page 402

    If the biasing current is small compared to the differential current of the phase angle between the winding 1 and winding 2 phase currents is close to zero (in a normal situation, the phase difference is 180 degrees), a fault has most likely occurred in the area protected by tr2ptdf. Then the intern...

  • Page 403

    Outputs of the instantaneous high stage can be blocked by the blk_opr_hs and block external control signals. Guid-9aacac66-bf72-430c-aac7-2e52c3dc4487 v1 en figure 213: operation logic of instantaneous high stage reset of the blocking signals (de-block) all three blocking signals, that is, waveform ...

  • Page 404

    Protection includes the transformer, the bus-work or the cables between the current transformer and the power transformer. When bushing current transformers are used for the differential ied, the protective zone does not include the bus work or cables between the circuit breaker and the power transf...

  • Page 405

    Points is relatively long in line protection, interposing cts can be required to reduce the burden of the cts. Guid-b326703c-3645-4256-96ad-da87fc9e9c67 v1 en figure 214: differential protection of a generator-transformer block and short cable/line tr2ptdf can also be used in three-winding transform...

  • Page 406

    Guid-799588e3-c63f-4687-98c5-ff48284676df v1 en figure 215: differential protection of a three-winding transformer and a transformer with two output feeders tr2ptdf can also be used for the protection of the power transformer feeding the frequency converter. An interposing ct is required for matchin...

  • Page 407

    Guid-46fdf23a-7e78-4b17-a888-8501484ab57a v1 en figure 216: protection of the power transformer feeding the frequency converter transforming ratio correction of cts the ct secondary currents often differ from the rated current at the rated load of the power transformer. The ct transforming ratios ca...

  • Page 408

    Ct ratio correction = i i n nt 1 guid-f5f45645-c809-4f99-b783-751c8cc822bf v1 en (equation 52) i 1n nominal primary current of the ct after the ct ratio correction, the measured currents and corresponding setting values of tr2ptdf are expressed in multiples of the rated power transformer current i r...

  • Page 409

    Differential current. The elimination of the zero-sequence component can be selected for that winding by setting the zro a elimination parameter. Table 339: tr2ptdf settings corresponding to the power transformer vector groups and zero- sequence elimination vector group of the transformer winding 1 ...

  • Page 410

    Vector group of the transformer winding 1 type winding 2 type clock number zro a elimination dd6 d d clk num 6 not needed dd8 d d clk num 8 not needed dd10 d d clk num 10 not needed dy1 d y clk num 1 not needed dyn1 d yn clk num 1 not needed dy5 d y clk num 5 not needed dyn5 d yn clk num 5 not neede...

  • Page 411

    Vector group of the transformer winding 1 type winding 2 type clock number zro a elimination zy11 z y clk num 11 not needed zyn11 z yn clk num 11 not needed znyn11 zn yn clk num 11 hv side zny11 zn y clk num 11 not needed dz0 d z clk num 0 not needed dzn0 d zn clk num 0 lv side dz2 d z clk num 2 not...

  • Page 412

    Vector group of the transformer winding 1 type winding 2 type clock number zro a elimination zzn4 z zn clk num 4 not needed zz6 z z clk num 6 not needed znz6 zn z clk num 6 hv side znzn6 zn zn clk num 6 hv & lv side zzn6 z zn clk num 6 lv side zz8 z z clk num 8 not needed znz8 zn z clk num 8 not nee...

  • Page 413

    Vector group of the transformer winding 1 type winding 2 type clock number zro a elimination yd5 y d clk num 5 not needed ynd5 yn d clk num 5 not needed yd7 y d clk num 7 not needed ynd7 yn d clk num 7 not needed yd11 y d clk num 11 not needed ynd11 yn d clk num 11 not needed dd0 d d clk num 0 not n...

  • Page 414

    Vector group of the transformer winding 1 type winding 2 type clock number zro a elimination zny1 zn y clk num 1 not needed zy5 z y clk num 5 not needed zyn5 z yn clk num 5 not needed znyn5 zn yn clk num 5 hv side zny5 zn y clk num 5 not needed zy7 z y clk num 7 not needed zyn7 z yn clk num 7 not ne...

  • Page 415

    When injecting the currents in the high voltage winding, the angle values i_angl_a1_b1, i_angl_b1_c1, i_angl_c1_a1, i_angl_a2_b2, i_angl_b2_c2 and i_angl_c2_a2 have to show +120 deg. Otherwise the phase order can be wrong or the polarity of a current transformer differs from the polarities of the ot...

  • Page 416

    Limit factor f n at the rated burden, the rated burden s n , the internal burden s in and the actual burden s a of the current transformer. F f s s s s a n in n in a = × + + guid-26dee538-9e1a-49a2-9c97-f69bd44591c9 v2 en (equation 53) f a the approximate value of the accuracy limit factor (alf) cor...

  • Page 417

    ω the angular frequency, that is, 2*π*fn t m the time-to-saturate, that is, the duration of the saturation free transformation k r the remanence factor 1/(1-r), where r is the maximum remanence flux in p.U. From saturation flux the accuracy limit factors corresponding to the actual burden of the pha...

  • Page 418

    The protection must be stable also during re-energization against a fault on the line. In this case, the existence of remanence is very probable. It is assumed to be 40 percent here. On the other hand, the fault current is now smaller and since the ratio of the resistance and reactance is greater in...

  • Page 419

    In tr2ptdf, it is important that the accuracy limit factors f a of the phase current transformers at both sides correspond with each other, that is, the burdens of the current transformers on both sides are to be as equal as possible. If high inrush or start currents with high dc components pass thr...

  • Page 420

    L1 l2 l3 7 8 9 10 11 12 x120 1/5a n 1/5a n 1/5a n il1 il2 il3 1 2 3 4 5 6 1/5a n 1/5a n 1/5a n il1b il2b il3b x120 p1 p2 p1 p2 s1 s2 s1 s2 guid-53f7dcb6-58b8-418c-ab83-805b4b0dccae v2 en figure 219: connection example of current transformers of type 1 section 4 1yht530004d05 d protection functions 4...

  • Page 421

    L1 l2 l3 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 1/5a n 1/5a n 1/5a n il1b il2b il3b x120 x120 1/5a n 1/5a n 1/5a n il1 il2 il3 p2 p1 p2 p1 s1 s1 s2 s2 guid-24c391dc-d767-4848-ae98-fe33c1548dee v1 en figure 220: alternative connection example of current transformers of type 1 1yht530004d05 d section 4 protection...

  • Page 422

    L1 l2 l3 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 1/5a n 1/5a n 1/5a n il1b il2b il3b x120 x120 1/5a n 1/5a n 1/5a n il1 il2 il3 p1 p2 p1 p2 s1 s2 s1 s2 guid-66d375dd-bf49-43c5-a7b5-bfa2bead035c v2 en figure 221: connection of current transformers of type 2 and example of the currents during an external fault sec...

  • Page 423

    L1 l2 l3 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 1/5a n 1/5a n 1/5a n il1b il2b il3b x120 x120 1/5a n 1/5a n 1/5a n il1 il2 il3 p1 p2 p1 p2 s1 s2 s1 s2 guid-5e0d15ba-ada9-4fe0-a85d-5c6e86d7e32b v1 en figure 222: alternative connection example of current transformers of type 2 the ct secondary currents often diff...

  • Page 424

    Name type default description i_c2 signal 0 phase c secondary current block boolean 0=false block blk_opr_ls boolean 0=false blocks operate outputs from biased stage blk_opr_hs boolean 0=false blocks operate outputs from instantaneous stage table 341: tr2ptdf output signals name type description ope...

  • Page 425

    Table 343: tr2ptdf non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off/on ct connection type 1=type 1 2=type 2 1=type 1 ct connection type. Determined by the directions of the connected current transformers winding 1 type 1=y 2=yn 3=d 4=z...

  • Page 426

    4.3.2.9 monitored data table 344: tr2ptdf monitored data name type values (range) unit description opr_a boolean 0=false 1=true operate phase a opr_b boolean 0=false 1=true operate phase b opr_c boolean 0=false 1=true operate phase c blkd2h_a boolean 0=false 1=true 2nd harmonic restraint block phase...

  • Page 427

    Name type values (range) unit description i_ampl_a1 float32 0.00...40.00 xir connection group compensated primary current phase a i_ampl_b1 float32 0.00...40.00 xir connection group compensated primary current phase b i_ampl_c1 float32 0.00...40.00 xir connection group compensated primary current ph...

  • Page 428

    Name type values (range) unit description i_angl_b1_b2 float32 -180.00...180.00 deg current phase angle diff between winding 1 and 2, phase b i_angl_c1_c2 float32 -180.00...180.00 deg current phase angle diff between winding 1 and 2, phase c i_5h_rat_a float32 0.00...1.00 differential current fifth ...

  • Page 429

    4.3.3.2 function block guid-a04fed1b-8424-4a84-a327-262e4cc5628f v2 en figure 223: function block 4.3.3.3 functionality the stabilized restricted low-impedance earth-fault protection lrefpndf for a two- winding transformer is based on the numerically stabilized differential current principle. No ext...

  • Page 430

    Earth-fault detector the operation is based on comparing the amplitude and the phase difference between the sum of the fundamental frequency component of the phase currents (Σi, residual current) and the fundamental frequency component of the neutral current (io) flowing in the conductor between the...

  • Page 431

    Ib i a i b i c = + + _ _ _ 3 guid-e162ee11-dedf-49ba-b60f-e22ecf1acae8 v2 en (equation 57) guid-9d592151-7598-479b-9285-7fb7c09f0fab v1 en figure 225: operating characteristics of the stabilized earth-fault protection function guid-552423ca-6fe9-4f69-8341-ffe0ff1943d4 v1 en figure 226: setting range...

  • Page 432

    To calculate the directional differential current id_cosphi, the fundamental frequency amplitude of both the residual and neutral currents has to be above 4 percent of in. If neither or only one condition is fulfilled at a time, the cosφ term is forced to 1. After the conditions are fulfilled, both ...

  • Page 433

    4.3.3.5 application an earth-fault protection using an overcurrent element does not adequately protect the transformer winding in general and the star-connected winding in particular. The restricted earth-fault protection is mainly used as a unit protection for the transformer windings. Lrefpndf is ...

  • Page 434

    Guid-124047a0-9b33-4d2f-9519-75d98c0a4534 v1 en figure 228: connection of the current transformers of type 2. The phase currents and the neutral current have equal directions at an external earth-fault situation. Internal and external faults lrefpndf does not respond to any faults outside the protec...

  • Page 435

    A b c a b c i a = 0 i i b = 0 i c = 0 i uzs io zone of protection ifault i n io i n reference is neutral current restrain for external fault operate for internal fault for internal fault s o u r c e guid-d5d712d4-2291-4c49-93de-363f9f10801c v2 en figure 230: current flow in all the cts for an intern...

  • Page 436

    4.3.3.6 signals table 346: lrefpndf input signals name type default description i_a signal 0 phase a current i_b signal 0 phase b current i_c signal 0 phase c current io signal 0 residual current block boolean 0=false block signal for activating the blocking mode table 347: lrefpndf output signals n...

  • Page 437

    4.3.3.8 monitored data table 350: lrefpndf monitored data name type values (range) unit description start_dur float32 0.00...100.00 % ratio of start time / operate time res2h boolean 0=false 1=true 2nd harmonic restraint id_cosphi float32 0.00...80.00 xin directional differential current id cosphi i...

  • Page 438

    4.3.4.2 function block guid-0b400966-b2d9-4027-a2b3-786ba559a4a4 v3 en figure 231: function block 4.3.4.3 functionality the high-impedance-based restricted earth-fault protection hrefpdif is used for the restricted earth-fault protection of generators and power transformers. Hrefpdif starts when the...

  • Page 439

    Operate time, the operate output is activated. If the fault disappears before the module operates, the reset timer is activated. If the reset timer reaches the value set by reset delay time, the operation timer resets and the start output is deactivated. The timer calculates the start duration value...

  • Page 440

    S1 s2 s1 s2 vdr stabilizing resistor high impedance protection (hrefpdif) guid-367bdbc9-d2e8-48d3-b98f-623f7cd70d99 v3 en figure 233: connection scheme for the restricted earth-fault protection according to the high-impedance principle high-impedance principle high-impedance principle is stable for ...

  • Page 441

    I d ct 1 r m1 /2 r m2 /2 r u r s r m1 /2 r m2 /2 r in1 r in2 ct 2 guid-80dc5cfe-118c-4c5c-a15f-13dcb1708c0e v1 en figure 234: high-impedance principle the stability of the protection is based on the use of the stabilizing resistor (rs) and the fact that the impedance of the ct secondary quickly decr...

  • Page 442

    At internal fault, the secondary circuit voltage can easily exceed the isolation voltage of the cts, connection wires and ied. To limit this voltage, a voltage- dependent resistor vdr is used as shown in figure 234 . The whole scheme, that is, the stabilizing resistor, voltage-dependent resistor and...

  • Page 443

    4.3.4.7 recommendations for current transformers the sensitivity and reliability of the protection depends a lot on the characteristics of the current transformers. The cts must have an identical transformation ratio. It is recommended that all current transformers have an equal burden and character...

  • Page 444

    R u i s s rs = guid-ea4fe2bc-4e93-4093-bd14-f20a4f33aef2 v1 en (equation 62) r s the resistance of the stabilizing resistor u s the stabilizing voltage of the ied i rs the value of the operate value setting in secondary amps. The stabilizing resistor should be capable to dissipate high energy within...

  • Page 445

    1. In principle, the highest through-fault should be known. However, when the necessary data are not available, approximates can be used: • small power transformers: i kmax = 16 x i n (corresponds to z k = 6% and infinite grid) • large power transformers: i kmax = 12 x i n (corresponds to z k = 8% a...

  • Page 446

    The need for the vdr depends on certain conditions. First, voltage u max , ignoring the ct saturation during the fault, is calculated with the equation u i n r r r i n r k in in m s k in s max max max = × + + ( ) ≈ × guid-cb54c30a-c69d-4c59-b9b3-44530319d1ce v1 en (equation 66) i kmaxin the maximum ...

  • Page 447

    4.3.4.8 setting examples example 1 n n2 m u s guid-ab960de4-4dd2-4312-9921-0d6e7cd001aa v1 en figure 236: restricted earth-fault protection of a transformer the data for the protected power transformer are: s n = 20 mva u 2n = 11 kv the longest distance of the secondary circuit is 50 m (the whole lo...

  • Page 448

    U v v s = × + ≈ 12600 0 26 0 18 240 23 ( . . ) guid-7aa079b9-4e11-48bd-a474-b7a06ba3976b v1 en according to the criterion, the value of u k should be 2 · u s = 2 · 23 v = 46 v. It depends on if the stability of the scheme is achieved with u k = 40 v. Otherwise, it is possible to choose a bigger core...

  • Page 449

    Example 2a n n m u s guid-787d9de6-961e-454a-b97a-fafc6f9701f0 v1 en figure 237: restricted earth-fault protection of a generator in the protected generator: s n = 8 mva u n = 6 kv. I n = 770 a i kmax = 6 · i n = 6 · 770 a = 4620 a in this example, the ct type is kofd 12 a 21 with: i ct_1n = 1000 a ...

  • Page 450

    The required knee-point voltage can be calculated using equation 61 . U k = 2 · ( 4620 a / 1000 ) · ( 15.3 + 1.46 ) ≈ 155 v. The value 155 v is lower than the value 323 v, which means that the value of u k is high enough. As mentioned earlier, i m = 0.5 · i e gives a realistic value for i prim in eq...

  • Page 451

    Table 353: hrefpdif output signals name type description operate boolean operate start boolean start 4.3.4.10 settings table 354: hrefpdif group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operate value 1.0...50.0 %in 0.1 1.0 low operate value, percentage of the nominal current m...

  • Page 452

    Characteristic value reset time reset ratio typical 0.96 retardation time operate time accuracy in definite time mode ±1.0% of the set value or ±20 ms 1) current before fault = 0.0, f n = 50 hz, results based on statistical distribution of 1000 measurements 2) includes the delay of the signal output...

  • Page 453

    Operates after a predefined operate time and resets when the fault current disappears. The idmt mode provides current-dependent timer characteristics. The function contains a blocking functionality. It is possible to block function outputs, timers or the function itself, if desired. 4.4.1.4 operatio...

  • Page 454

    If a drop-off situation happens, that is, a fault suddenly disappears before the operate delay is exceeded, the timer reset state is activated. The functionality of the timer in the reset state depends on the combination of the operating curve type, type of reset curve and reset delay time settings....

  • Page 455

    4.4.1.5 application since the negative sequence current quantities are not present during normal, balanced load conditions, the negative sequence overcurrent protection elements can be set for faster and more sensitive operation than the normal phase- overcurrent protection for fault conditions occu...

  • Page 456

    4.4.1.7 settings table 360: nsptoc group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start value 0.01...5.00 xin 0.01 0.30 start value start value mult 0.8...10.0 0.1 1.0 multiplier for scaling the start value time multiplier 0.05...15.00 0.01 1.00 time multiplier in iec/ansi idm...

  • Page 457

    4.4.1.8 monitored data table 362: nsptoc monitored data name type values (range) unit description start_dur float32 0.00...100.00 % ratio of start time / operate time nsptoc enum 1=on 2=blocked 3=test 4=test/blocked 5=off status 4.4.1.9 technical data table 363: nsptoc technical data characteristic ...

  • Page 458

    4.4.2 phase discontinuity protection pdnsptoc 4.4.2.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number phase discontinuity protection pdnsptoc i2/i1> 46pd 4.4.2.2 function block a070688 v1 en figure 240: function block 4.4.2.3 functi...

  • Page 459

    A070687 v2 en figure 241: functional module diagram. I 1 and i 2 represent positive and negative phase sequence currents. I_a, i_b and i_c represent phase currents. I 2 /i 1 the i 2 /i 1 module calculates the ratio of the negative and positive sequence current. It reports the calculated value to the...

  • Page 460

    Of the ied program. The influence of the block signal activation is preselected with the global setting blocking mode. The blocking mode setting has three blocking methods. In the "freeze timers" mode, the operation timer is frozen to the prevailing value. In the "block all" mode, the whole function...

  • Page 461

    Ieca070698 v1 en figure 243: three-phase current quantities during the broken conductor fault in phase a with the ratio of negative-sequence and positive-sequence currents 4.4.2.6 signals table 365: pdnsptoc input signals name type default description i 1 signal 0 positive sequence current i 2 signa...

  • Page 462

    Table 368: pdnsptoc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on reset delay time 0...60000 ms 1 20 reset delay time min phase current 0.05...0.30 xin 0.01 0.10 minimum phase current 4.4.2.8 monitored data table 369: pdnsptoc ...

  • Page 463

    4.4.3.2 function block guid-aa794558-ef3a-4e9a-aa39-bce9fb7253fd v1 en figure 244: function block 4.4.3.3 functionality the phase reversal protection prevptoc is used to detect the reversed connection of the phases to a three-phase motor by monitoring the negative phase sequence current i 2 of the m...

  • Page 464

    The fault disappears before the module operates, the reset timer is activated. If the reset timer reaches the value of 200 ms, the operation timer resets and the start output is deactivated. The timer calculates the start duration value start_dur, which indicates the percentage ratio of the start si...

  • Page 465

    Table 374: prevptoc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on 4.4.3.8 monitored data table 375: prevptoc monitored data name type values (range) unit description start_dur float32 0.00...100.00 % ratio of start time / opera...

  • Page 466

    4.4.4.2 function block guid-5b6b4705-1ef3-4e12-b1a6-92a5d9d71218 v2 en figure 246: function block 4.4.4.3 functionality the unbalance protection based on the negative-sequence overcurrent protection for motors mnsptoc protects electric motors from phase unbalance. A small voltage unbalance can produ...

  • Page 467

    Timer once activated, the timer activates the start output. Depending on the value of the set operating curve type, the time characteristics are according to dt or idmt. When the operation timer has reached the value set by operate delay time in the dt mode or the maximum value defined by the invers...

  • Page 468

    Current-based inverse definite minimum time curve (idmt) in inverse-time modes, the operate time depends on the momentary value of the current: the higher the current, the shorter the operate time. The operate time calculation or integration starts immediately when the current exceeds the set start ...

  • Page 469

    Detected, the operate timer is reset and the saved values of start time and integration are cleared. Inv. Curve b the inverse time equation for curve type b is: t s k i i i i r s r [ ] =  − 2 2 2 guid-805dcb50-71d2-4721-830b-3343e1a5500b v1 en (equation 71) t[s] operate time in seconds k machine ti...

  • Page 470

    Open circuit in any phase, a negative-sequence current flows and it is equal and opposite to the previous load current in a healthy phase. The combination of positive and negative-sequence currents produces phase currents approximately 1.7 times the previous load in each healthy phase and zero curre...

  • Page 471

    Table 380: mnsptoc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on rated current 0.30...2.00 xin 0.01 1.00 rated current (ir) of the machine (used only in the idmt) maximum operate time 500000...7200000 ms 1000 1000000 max operat...

  • Page 472

    4.5 voltage protection 4.5.1 three-phase overvoltage protection phptov 4.5.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number three-phase overvoltage protection phptov 3u> 59 4.5.1.2 function block guid-871d07d7-b690-48fd-8ea1-73a7...

  • Page 473

    Phase selection logic block operate start level detector t timer t u_a_ab u_b_bc u_c_ca blocking logic guid-d71b1772-3503-4150-b3fe-6ffd92de5db7 v2 en figure 249: functional module diagram level detector the fundamental frequency component of the measured three-phase voltages are compared phase-wise...

  • Page 474

    When the operation timer has reached the value set by operate delay time in the dt mode or the maximum value defined by the idmt, the operate output is activated. When the user-programmable idmt curve is selected, the operate time characteristics are defined by the parameters curve parameter a, curv...

  • Page 475

    Guid-504a5e09-8d82-4b57-9b3a-2bae7f84fc0d v2 en figure 250: behavior of different idmt reset modes. The value for type of reset curve is “def time reset”. Also other reset modes are presented for the time integrator. The time multiplier setting is used for scaling the idmt operate times. The minimum...

  • Page 476

    The timer calculates the start duration value start_dur, which indicates the percentage ratio of the start situation and the set operation time. The value is available in the monitored data view. Blocking logic there are three operation modes in the blocking functionality. The operation modes are co...

  • Page 477

    • the defective operation of the automatic voltage regulator when the generator is in isolated operation. • operation under manual control with the voltage regulator out of service. A sudden variation of load, in particular the reactive power component, gives rise to a substantial change in voltage ...

  • Page 478

    4.5.1.8 settings table 387: phptov group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start value 0.05...1.60 xun 0.01 1.10 start value time multiplier 0.05...15.00 0.01 1.00 time multiplier in iec/ansi idmt curves operate delay time 40...300000 ms 10 40 operate delay time operati...

  • Page 479

    4.5.1.9 monitored data table 389: phptov monitored data name type values (range) unit description start_dur float32 0.00...100.00 % ratio of start time / operate time phptov enum 1=on 2=blocked 3=test 4=test/blocked 5=off status 4.5.1.10 technical data table 390: phptov technical data characteristic...

  • Page 480

    4.5.2 three-phase undervoltage protection phptuv 4.5.2.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number three-phase undervoltage protection phptuv 3u 27 4.5.2.2 function block guid-b4a78a17-67ca-497c-b2f1-bc4f1da415b6 v1 en figure ...

  • Page 481

    Level detector the fundamental frequency component of the measured three phase voltages are compared phase-wise to the set start value. If the measured value is lower than the set value of the start value setting, the level detector enables the phase selection logic module. The relative hysteresis s...

  • Page 482

    When the user-programmable idmt curve is selected, the operate time characteristics are defined by the parameters curve parameter a, curve parameter b, curve parameter c, curve parameter d and curve parameter e. If a drop-off situation occurs, that is, a fault suddenly disappears before the operate ...

  • Page 483

    Example guid-111e2f60-2bfc-4d9b-b6c3-473f7689c142 v2 en figure 253: behavior of different idmt reset modes. The value for type of reset curve is “def time reset”. Also other reset modes are presented for the time integrator. The time multiplier setting is used for scaling the idmt operate times. The...

  • Page 484

    The timer calculates the start duration value start_dur, which indicates the percentage ratio of the start situation and the set operation time. The value is available in the monitored data view. Blocking logic there are three operation modes in the blocking functionality. The operation modes are co...

  • Page 485

    Phptuv can be used to disconnect from the network devices, such as electric motors, which are damaged when subjected to service under low voltage conditions. Phptuv deals with low voltage conditions at power system frequency. Low voltage conditions can be caused by: • malfunctioning of a voltage reg...

  • Page 486

    Table 397: phptuv non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on num of start phases 1=1 out of 3 2=2 out of 3 3=3 out of 3 1=1 out of 3 number of phases required for operate activation minimum operate time 60...60000 ms 1 60 mi...

  • Page 487

    4.5.2.10 technical data table 399: phptuv technical data characteristic value operation accuracy depending on the frequency of the voltage measured: fn ±2 hz ±1.5% of the set value or ±0.002 x u n start time 1)2) minimum typical maximum u fault = 0.9 x set start value 62 ms 64 ms 66 ms reset time re...

  • Page 488

    4.5.3.3 functionality the residual overvoltage protection rovptov is used in distribution networks where the residual overvoltage can reach non-acceptable levels in, for example, high impedance earthing. The function starts when the residual voltage exceeds the set limit. Rovptov operates with the d...

  • Page 489

    Blocking logic there are three operation modes in the blocking functionality. The operation modes are controlled by the block input and the global setting "configuration/system/ blocking mode" which selects the blocking mode. The block input can be controlled by a binary input, a horizontal communic...

  • Page 490

    Table 402: rovptov output signals name type description operate boolean operate start boolean start 4.5.3.7 settings table 403: rovptov group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start value 0.010...1.000 xun 0.001 0.030 residual overvoltage start value operate delay time ...

  • Page 491

    Characteristic value reset time reset ratio typical 0.96 retardation time operate time accuracy in definite time mode ±1.0% of the set value or ±20 ms suppression of harmonics dft: -50 db at f = n x f n , where n = 2, 3, 4, 5,… 1) residual voltage before fault = 0.0 x u n , f n = 50 hz, residual vol...

  • Page 492

    4.5.4.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "off". The operation of the negative-sequence overvoltage protection can be described using a module diagram. All the modules in the diagram are explained ...

  • Page 493

    Operate output" mode, the function operates normally but the operate output is not activated. 4.5.4.5 application a continuous or temporary voltage unbalance can appear in the network for various reasons. The voltage unbalance mainly occurs due to broken conductors or asymmetrical loads and is chara...

  • Page 494

    Table 409: nsptov output signals name type description operate boolean operate start boolean start 4.5.4.7 settings table 410: nsptov group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start value 0.010...1.000 xun 0.001 0.030 start value operate delay time 40...120000 ms 1 40 ope...

  • Page 495

    Characteristic value reset ratio typical 0.96 retardation time operate time accuracy in definite time mode ±1.0% of the set value or ±20 ms suppression of harmonics dft: -50 db at f = n × f n , where n = 2, 3, 4, 5,… 1) negative-sequence voltage before fault = 0.0 × u n , f n = 50 hz, negative-seque...

  • Page 496

    The function contains a blocking functionality. It is possible to block function outputs, the definite timer or the function itself, if desired. 4.5.5.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "off". The...

  • Page 497

    Blocking mode" which selects the blocking mode. The block input can be controlled by a binary input, a horizontal communication input or an internal signal of the ied program. The influence of the block signal activation is preselected with the global setting blocking mode. The blocking mode setting...

  • Page 498

    Psptuv complements other loss-of-grid protection principles based on the frequency and voltage operation. Motor stalling and failure to start can lead to a continuous undervoltage. The positive- sequence undervoltage is used as a backup protection against the motor stall condition. 4.5.5.6 signals t...

  • Page 499

    4.5.5.8 monitored data table 419: psptuv monitored data name type values (range) unit description start_dur float32 0.00...100.00 % ratio of start time / operate time psptuv enum 1=on 2=blocked 3=test 4=test/blocked 5=off status 4.5.5.9 technical data table 420: psptuv technical data characteristic ...

  • Page 500

    4.6 frequency protection 4.6.1 frequency protection frpfrq 4.6.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number frequency protection frpfrq f>/f 81o/81u, 81r 4.6.1.2 function block guid-744529d8-e976-4afd-aa77-85d6ed2c3b70 v1 en ...

  • Page 501

    F block operate logic freq>/ detection df/dt detection blocking logic start st_frg st_ufrq st_ofrq operate opr_frg opr_ufrq opr_ofrq df/dt guid-76692c3f-8b09-4c69-b598-0288cb946300 v1 en figure 261: functional module diagram freq>/ the frequency detection module includes an overfrequency or underfre...

  • Page 502

    Table 422: operation modes for operation logic operation mode description freq the function operates independently as the underfrequency ("freq when the measured frequency is below the set value of the start value freq setting, the module activates the start and str_ufrq outputs. The time characteri...

  • Page 503

    Operation mode description freq a consecutive operation is enabled between the protection methods. When the measured frequency is below the set value of the start value freq setting, the frequency gradient protection is enabled. After the frequency has dropped below the set value, the frequency grad...

  • Page 504

    Operation mode description freq> + df/dt a consecutive operation is enabled between the protection methods. When the measured frequency exceeds the set value of the start value freq> setting, the frequency gradient protection is enabled. After the frequency exceeds the set value, the frequency gradi...

  • Page 505

    Operation mode description freq> or df/dt a parallel operation between the protection methods is enabled. The start output is activated when either of the measured values of the protection module exceeds its set value. A detailed information from the active module is available at the str_ofrq and st...

  • Page 506

    4.6.1.5 application the frequency protection function uses the positive phase-sequence voltage to measure the frequency reliably and accurately. The system frequency stability is one of the main principles in the distribution and transmission network maintenance. To protect all frequency-sensitive e...

  • Page 507

    4.6.1.6 signals table 424: frpfrq input signals name type default description f signal 0 measured frequency df/dt signal 0 rate of change of frequency block boolean 0=false block signal for activating the blocking mode table 425: frpfrq output signals name type description operate boolean operate op...

  • Page 508

    4.6.1.8 monitored data table 428: frpfrq monitored data name type values (range) unit description start_dur float32 0.00...100.00 % start duration st_dur_ofrq float32 0.00...100.00 % start duration st_dur_ufrq float32 0.00...100.00 % start duration st_dur_frg float32 0.00...100.00 % start duration f...

  • Page 509

    4.6.2.2 function block guid-1b46d13e-4f26-4cfa-9655-e979e0e05d67 v2 en figure 262: function block 4.6.2.3 functionality the load shedding and restoration function lshdpfrq is capable of performing load shedding based on underfrequency and the rate of change of the frequency. The load that is shed du...

  • Page 510

    Guid-17f7a604-487f-4d45-8150-ae041bb939b1 v2 en figure 263: functional module diagram underfrequency detection the underfrequency detection measures the input frequency calculated from the voltage signal. An underfrequency is detected when the measured frequency drops below the set value of the star...

  • Page 511

    Gradient to the start value df/dt setting.The df/dt detection is activated when the frequency gradient decreases at a faster rate than the set value of start value df/dt. The df/dt detection module includes a timer with the dt characteristics. Upon detection of df/dt, operation timer activates the s...

  • Page 512

    50 hz start value freq set at 0.975 xfn start value df/dt set at -0.020 xfn/s operate tm df/dt = 500ms operate tm freq = 1000ms load shed mode = freq 49 hz st_frg opr_frg 500ms 1s operate is activated as freq condition satisfied operate 48.75 hz start of operation timer st_frq opr_frq start of opera...

  • Page 513

    50 hz start value freq set at 0.975 xfn start value df/dt set at -0.020 xfn/s operate tm df/dt = 500ms operate tm freq = 1000ms load shed mode = freq 49 hz st_frg opr_frg 500ms 1s operate is not activated in this case as freq satisfied operate start of operation timer time [s] frequency [hz] guid-db...

  • Page 514

    Restoring mode description disabled load restoration is disabled. Auto in the “auto” mode, input frequency is continuously compared to the restore start val setting. The restore detection module includes a timer with the dt characteristics. Upon detection of restoring, the operation timer activates ...

  • Page 515

    A small margin. The safe margin of operation is usually less than ±0.5 hz. The system frequency stability is one of the main concerns in the transmission and distribution network operation and control. To protect the frequency-sensitive electrical equipment in the network, departure from the allowed...

  • Page 516

    St_rest 50 hz frequency [hz] 48.8 hz start operate time [s] restore set restore delay time restore timer timer starts timer continues timer suspended guid-8694acbb-cc73-46e6-a9c9-5de27f6fc7af v3 en figure 266: operation of the load-shedding function power system protection by load shedding the decis...

  • Page 517

    If a moderate system operates at 50 hz, an underfrequency should be set for different steps from 49.2 hz to 47.5 hz in steps of 0.3 – 0.4 hz. The operating time for the underfrequency can be set from a few seconds to a few fractions of a second stepwise from a higher frequency value to a lower frequ...

  • Page 518

    Table 432: setting for a five-step restoring operation load-shedding steps restoring start val setting restore delay time setting 1 0.990 · fn (49.5 hz) 200000 ms 2 0.990 · fn (49.5 hz) 160000 ms 3 0.990 · fn (49.5 hz) 100000 ms 4 0.990 · fn (49.5 hz) 50000 ms 5 0.990 · fn (49.5 hz) 10000 ms 4.6.2.6...

  • Page 519

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description start value df/dt -0.200...-0.005 xfn /s 0.005 -0.010 setting of frequency gradient for df/dt detection operate tm freq 80...200000 ms 10 200 time delay to operate for under frequency stage operate tm df/dt 120...200000 ms 10 200 time delay to o...

  • Page 520

    4.7 arc protection arcsarc 4.7.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number arc protection arcsarc arc 50l/50nl 4.7.2 function block a070686 v3 en figure 267: function block 4.7.3 functionality the arc protection arcsarc detect...

  • Page 521

    Operate level detector 1 i_a i_b i_c block level detector 2 io flt_arc rem_flt_arc arc_flt_det operation mode selector t dropoff opr_mode t dropoff a070746 v4 en figure 268: functional module diagram. I_a, i_b and i_c represent phase currents. Level detector 1 the measured phase currents are compare...

  • Page 522

    4.7.5 application the arc protection can be realized as a stand-alone function in a single relay or as a station-wide arc protection, including several protection relays. If realized as a station-wide arc protection, different tripping schemes can be selected for the operation of the circuit breaker...

  • Page 523

    Arc protection with one ied in installations, with limited possibilities to realize signalling between ieds protecting incoming and outgoing feeders, or if only the ied for the incoming feeder is to be exchanged, an arc protection with a lower protective level can be achieved with one protection rel...

  • Page 524

    Maximum safety, the ieds can be configured to trip all the circuit breakers regardless of where the arc is detected. Q1 q2 m1 q3 q4 q5 q6 po3 po1 3i, io s1 s2 s3 s4 di1 so1 so1 so1 di1 di1 di1 3i, io 3i, io 3i, io 3i, io di1 so1 so1 a040363 v3 en figure 270: arc protection with several ieds arc prot...

  • Page 525

    A040364 v1 en figure 271: arc protection with several ieds and a separate arc protection system 4.7.6 signals table 439: arcsarc input signals name type default description i_a signal 0 phase a current i_b signal 0 phase b current i_c signal 0 phase c current io signal 0 residual current block boole...

  • Page 526

    4.7.7 settings table 441: arcsarc group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description phase start value 0.50...40.00 xin 0.01 2.50 operating phase current ground start value 0.05...8.00 xin 0.01 0.20 operating residual current operation mode 1=light+current 2=light only 3=bi contro...

  • Page 527

    4.8 motor startup supervision sttpmsu 4.8.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number motor startup supervision sttpmsu is2tn 49,66,48,51lr 4.8.2 function block guid-a37cf63b-5273-423b-9dc3-aacadb668aee v1 en figure 272: funct...

  • Page 528

    4.8.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "off". The operation of the motor startup supervision function can be described with a module diagram. All the modules in the diagram are explained in the ne...

  • Page 529

    When the measured current value is used for startup supervision in the "iit" and "iit & stall" modes, the module initially recognizes the de-energized condition of the motor when the values of all three phase currents are less than motor standstill a for longer than 100 milliseconds. If any of the p...

  • Page 530

    Input is deactivated. The operation of the mot_start output signal in this operation mode is as illustrated in figure 275 . This cb mode can be used in soft-started or slip ring motors for protection against a large starting current, that is, a problem in starting and so on. Guid-ddad7b3f-28be-4573-...

  • Page 531

    The mot_start output. In this mode of operation, the value of the setting is in the range of around 100 milliseconds. • in the “iit, cb” or “iit & stall, cb” modes, the purpose of this setting is to check for the life of the protection scheme after the cb_closed input has been activated. Based on th...

  • Page 532

    Stall protection this module is activated only when the selected operation mode setting value is "iit & stall" or "iit & stall, cb". The startup current is specific to each motor and depends on the startup method used, such as direct online, autotransformer and rotor resistance insertion. The startu...

  • Page 533

    Guid-200bc4cb-8b33-4616-b014-afcc99ed9224 v2 en figure 276: time delay for cumulative start this module also protects the motor from consecutive startups. When the lock_start output is active, t_rst_ena shows the possible time for next restart. The value of t_rst_ena is calculated by the difference ...

  • Page 534

    Starting produces the highest starting torque. A high starting torque is generally required to start a high-inertia load to limit the acceleration time. In this method, full voltage is applied to the motor when the switch is in the "on" position. This method of starting results in a large initial cu...

  • Page 535

    Must be used for detecting whether the motor begins to accelerate or not. However, if the safe stall time is longer than the startup time of the motor, the speed switch is not required. The failure of a motor to accelerate or to reach its full nominal speed in an acceptable time when the stator is e...

  • Page 536

    Setting of cumulative time lim cumulative time lim is calculated by t n t margin si ∑ = − × + ( ) 1 guid-0214b677-48d0-4dd4-bd1e-67ba9fd3c345 v1 en (equation 73) n specified maximum allowed number of motor startups t startup time of the motor (in seconds) margin safety margin (~10...20 percent) sett...

  • Page 537

    4.8.7 settings table 447: sttpmsu group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description start detection a 0.1...10.0 xin 0.1 1.5 current value for detecting starting of motor. Motor start-up a 1.0...10.0 xin 0.1 2.0 motor starting current motor start-up time 1...80 s 1 5 motor starti...

  • Page 538

    Name type values (range) unit description iit_rl float32 0.00...100.00 % thermal stress relative to set maximum thermal stress stall_rl float32 0.00...100.00 % start time relative to the operate time for stall condition sttpmsu enum 1=on 2=blocked 3=test 4=test/blocked 5=off status 4.8.9 technical d...

  • Page 539

    4.9.2 function block guid-a842a2c8-0188-4e01-8490-d00f7d1d8719 v2 en figure 279: function block 4.9.3 functionality the multipurpose protection function mapgapc is used as a general protection with many possible application areas as it has flexible measuring and setting facilities. The function can ...

  • Page 540

    Table 451: operation mode types operation mode description "under" if the input signal ai_value is lower than the set value of the start value setting, the level detector enables the timer module. "over" if the input signal ai_value exceeds the set value of the start value setting, the level detecto...

  • Page 541

    4.9.5 application the function block can be used for any general analog signal protection, either underprotection or overprotection. The setting range is wide, allowing various protection schemes for the function. Thus, the absolute hysteresis can be set to a value that suits the application. The te...

  • Page 542

    Table 455: mapgapc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on operation mode 1=over 2=under 1=over operation mode reset delay time 0...60000 ms 100 0 reset delay time absolute hysteresis 0.01...100.00 0.01 0.10 absolute hyst...

  • Page 543

    Section 5 protection related functions 5.1 three-phase inrush detector inrphar 5.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number three-phase inrush detector inrphar 3i2f> 68 5.1.2 function block a070377 v1 en figure 281: functio...

  • Page 544

    The operation of an inrush current detection function can be described using a module diagram. All the modules in the diagram are explained in the next sections. A070694 v2 en figure 282: functional module diagram. I_1h and i_2h represent fundamental and second harmonic values of phase currents. I_2...

  • Page 545

    It is recommended to use the second harmonic and the waveform based inrush blocking from the tr2ptdf function if available. 5.1.5 application transformer protections require high stability to avoid tripping during magnetizing inrush conditions. A typical example of an inrush detector application is ...

  • Page 546

    It is recommended to use the second harmonic and the waveform based inrush blocking from the transformer differential protection function tr2ptdf if available. 5.1.6 signals table 458: inrphar input signals name type default description i_2h_a signal 0 second harmonic phase a current i_1h_a signal 0...

  • Page 547

    5.1.8 monitored data table 462: inrphar monitored data name type values (range) unit description inrphar enum 1=on 2=blocked 3=test 4=test/blocked 5=off status 5.1.9 technical data table 463: inrphar technical data characteristic value operation accuracy at the frequency f = f n current measurement:...

  • Page 548

    5.2.3 functionality the breaker failure function ccbrbrf is activated by trip commands from the protection functions. The commands are either internal commands to the terminal or external commands through binary inputs. The start command is always a default for three-phase operation. Ccbrbrf include...

  • Page 549

    Level detector 1 the measured phase currents are compared phasewise to the set current value. If the measured value exceeds the set current value, the level detector reports the exceeding of the value to the start, retrip and backup trip logics. The parameter should be set low enough so that breaker...

  • Page 550

    If cb failure mode is set to the "breaker status" mode, the resetting logic requires that the circuit breaker is in the open condition. If the cb failure mode setting is set to "both", the logic resets when any of the above criteria is fulfilled. Also the activation of the block input resets the fun...

  • Page 551

    The minimum time delay for the retrip can be estimated as: cbfailuredelay retriptime t t t cbopen bfp reset margin ≥ + + + _ a070693 v3 en (equation 75) t cbopen maximum opening time for the circuit breaker t bfp_reset maximum time for the breaker failure protection to detect the correct breaker fun...

  • Page 552

    Of the retrip logic depends on the cb fail retrip mode setting. The retrip logic is inactive if the cb fail retrip mode setting is set to "off". If cb fail retrip mode is set to the "current check" mode, the activation of the retrip output trret depends on the cb failure mode setting. • if cb failur...

  • Page 553

    Signal from the start logic module (rising edge of the start input detected), and simultaneously cb_fault_al is active. The operation of the backup logic depends on the cb failure mode setting. If the cb failure mode is set to "current", the activation of trbu depends on the cb failure trip mode set...

  • Page 554

    Posclose enable timer from start logic cb failure mode ”current” cb failure mode ”breaker status” cb failure mode ”both” and cb failure trip mode ”1 out of 3" cb failure trip mode ”1 out of 4" and and and cb failure trip mode ”2 out of 4" or or and i > from level detector 1 trbu i o > from level det...

  • Page 555

    Ccbrbrf is initiated by operating different protection functions or digital logics inside the ied. It is also possible to initiate the function externally through a binary input. Ccbrbrf can be blocked by using an internally assigned signal or an external signal from a binary input. This signal bloc...

  • Page 556

    5.2.6 signals table 464: ccbrbrf input signals name type default description i_a signal 0 phase a current i_b signal 0 phase b current i_c signal 0 phase c current io signal 0 residual current block boolean 0=false block cbfp operation start boolean 0=false cbfp start command posclose boolean 0=fals...

  • Page 557

    5.2.8 monitored data table 467: ccbrbrf monitored data name type values (range) unit description ccbrbrf enum 1=on 2=blocked 3=test 4=test/blocked 5=off status 5.2.9 technical data table 468: ccbrbrf technical data characteristic value operation accuracy depending on the frequency of the current mea...

  • Page 558

    5.3.2 function block a071286 v2 en figure 291: function block 5.3.3 functionality the master trip function trpptrc is used as a trip command collector and handler after the protection functions. The features of this function influence the trip signal behavior of the circuit breaker. The minimum trip...

  • Page 559

    Single trip output trip for connecting the function to one or more of the ied's binary outputs, and also to other functions within the ied requiring this signal. The block input blocks the trip output and resets the timer. Lockout logic trpptrc is provided with possibilities to activate a lockout. W...

  • Page 560

    The inputs from the protection functions are connected to the operate input. Usually, a logic block or is required to combine the different function outputs to this input. The trip output is connected to the binary outputs on the io board. This signal can also be used for other purposes within the i...

  • Page 561

    5.3.7 settings table 473: trpptrc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on trip pulse time 20...60000 ms 1 150 minimum duration of trip output signal trip output mode 1=non-latched 2=latched 3=lockout 2=latched select the ...

  • Page 562

    5.4.2 function block guid-6d70959c-ec59-4c72-85e5-9be89ed39dbb v1 en figure 294: function block 5.4.3 functionality the binary signal transfer function bstggio is used for transferring binary signals between the local and remote end line differential protection ieds. The function includes eight bina...

  • Page 563

    Guid-54526c83-99fa-478b-877a-394234289f91 v1 en figure 295: functional module diagram binary signal send the status of the inputs is continuously sent in the line differential protection telegrams. Send_sig_a can be used for alarming based on the status of send_sig_1...8. By selecting the signal mod...

  • Page 564

    And can vary in each separate case. The demands for the speed of the binary signals vary depending on the usage of the data. When the binary data is used as blocking signals for the line differential protection, the transfer response is extremely high. Binary signal interchange can be used in applic...

  • Page 565

    5.4.6 signals table 476: bstggio input signals name type default description send_sig_1 boolean 0=false send signal 1 state send_sig_2 boolean 0=false send signal 2 state send_sig_3 boolean 0=false send signal 3 state send_sig_4 boolean 0=false send signal 4 state send_sig_5 boolean 0=false send sig...

  • Page 566

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description signal 5 mode 1=in use 2=in use, alarm sel. 3=not in use 1=in use operation mode for signal 5 signal 6 mode 1=in use 2=in use, alarm sel. 3=not in use 1=in use operation mode for signal 6 signal 7 mode 1=in use 2=in use, alarm sel. 3=not in use ...

  • Page 567

    5.5.2 function block guid-3af99427-2061-47e1-b3ab-fd1c9bf98e76 v1 en figure 297: function block 5.5.3 functionality an emergency condition can arise in cases where the motor needs to be started despite knowing that this can increase the temperature above limits or cause a thermal overload that can d...

  • Page 568

    Timer the timer is a fixed 10-minute timer that is activated when the st_emerg_rq input is activated and motor standstill condition is fulfilled. Thus, the activation of the st_emerg_rq input activates the st_emerg_ena output, provided that the motor is in a standstill condition. The st_emerg_ena ou...

  • Page 569

    5.5.7 settings table 483: esmgapc group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description motor standstill a 0.05...0.20 xin 0.01 0.12 current limit to check for motor standstill condition table 484: esmgapc non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description oper...

  • Page 570

    5.6.2 function block guid-766b0c1e-86c1-4c7f-8c71-56a0ef89e74a v2 en figure 299: function block 5.6.3 functionality the automatic switch on to fault function cbrsof provides an instantaneous trip or a time delayed trip when closing the breaker while a fault exists. Cbrsof is activated when the cb_cl...

  • Page 571

    • start input is used when it is required to enable sotf control immediately after protection function indicates a fault. • start_dlyd input is used when time delayed sotf control enabling is needed. In this case, the delay can be set with a operate delay time setting. Sotf control the sotf control ...

  • Page 572

    5.6.7 settings table 489: cbrsof group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description sotf reset time 0...60000 ms 1 1000 sotf detection period after initialization operate delay time 0...60000 ms 1 0 time delay for start input table 490: cbrsof non group settings parameter values (...

  • Page 573

    5.7.3 functionality the uncorresponding position startup function upscbr detects circuit breaker openings in an unknown situation. An unexpected breaker opening can be caused by, for example, internal mechanical malfunction. Upscbr can be used independently. The function output is activated when det...

  • Page 574

    Operate logic the operate output of this module can be used for closing the circuit breaker if it is opened for an unknown reason. The operate output is activated immediately after the cb_posopen input becomes active and cb_posclose inactive. The pulse length for the operate output signal can be set...

  • Page 575

    5.7.7 settings table 494: upscbr non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on cb open hold delay 300...500 ms 1 300 cb open hold delay time operate pulse time 100...20000 ms 1 100 operate pulse time signal pwr on delay 300...5...

  • Page 576

    570

  • Page 577

    Section 6 supervision functions 6.1 trip circuit supervision tcsscbr 6.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number trip circuit supervision tcsscbr tcs tcm 6.1.2 function block a070788 v1 en figure 303: function block 6.1.3 ...

  • Page 578

    A070785 v2 en figure 304: functional module diagram tcs status this module receives the trip circuit status from the hardware. A detected failure in the trip circuit activates the timer. Timer once activated, the timer runs until the set value of operate delay time has elapsed. The time characterist...

  • Page 579

    A051097 v4 en figure 305: operating principle of the trip-circuit supervision with an external resistor. The tcsscbr blocking switch is not required since the external resistor is used. If tcs is required only in a closed position, the external shunt resistance can be omitted. When the circuit break...

  • Page 580

    Trip circuit supervision and other trip contacts it is typical that the trip circuit contains more than one trip contact in parallel, for example in transformer feeders where the trip of a buchholz relay is connected in parallel with the feeder terminal and other relays involved. The supervising cur...

  • Page 581

    A070970 v1 en figure 308: improved connection for parallel trip contacts where the test current flows through all wires and joints several trip circuit supervision functions parallel in circuit not only the trip circuit often have parallel trip contacts, it is also possible that the circuit has mult...

  • Page 582

    An auxiliary relay can be used between the protection ied trip contact and the circuit breaker coil. This way the breaking capacity question is solved, but the tcs circuit in the protection ied monitors the healthy auxiliary relay coil, not the circuit breaker coil. The separate trip circuit supervi...

  • Page 583

    Using power output contacts without trip circuit supervision if tcs is not used but the contact information of corresponding power outputs are required, the internal resistor can be by-passed. The output can then be utilized as a normal power output. When bypassing the internal resistor, the wiring ...

  • Page 584

    A070972 v3 en figure 310: incorrect connection of trip-circuit supervision a connection of three protection ieds with a double pole trip circuit is shown in the following figure. Only the ied r3 has an internal tcs circuit. In order to test the operation of the ied r2, but not to trip the circuit br...

  • Page 585

    A070974 v3 en figure 311: incorrect testing of ieds 6.1.6 signals table 497: tcsscbr input signals name type default description block boolean 0=false block signal for all binary outputs table 498: tcsscbr output signals name type description alarm boolean alarm output 6.1.7 settings table 499: tcss...

  • Page 586

    6.1.8 monitored data table 500: tcsscbr monitored data name type values (range) unit description tcsscbr enum 1=on 2=blocked 3=test 4=test/blocked 5=off status 6.2 current circuit supervision ccrdif 6.2.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee...

  • Page 587

    6.2.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "off". The operation of current circuit supervision can be described by using a module diagram. All the modules in the diagram are explained in the next sect...

  • Page 588

    Guid-dc279f84-19b8-4fcb-a79a-2461c047f1b2 v1 en figure 314: ccrdif operating characteristics when the differential current i_diff is in the operating region, the fail output is activated. The function is internally blocked if any phase current is higher than the set max operate current. When the int...

  • Page 589

    Timer the timer is activated with the fail signal. The alarm output is activated after a fixed 200 ms delay. Fail needs to be active during the delay. When the internal blocking is activated, the fail output is deactivated immediately. The alarm output is deactivated after a fixed 3 s delay, and the...

  • Page 590

    Reference current measured with core-balanced current transformer ccrdif compares the sum of phase currents to the current measured with the core- balanced ct. Guid-88fc46c8-8d14-45de-9e36-e517ea3886aa v1 en figure 315: connection diagram for reference current measurement with core- balanced current...

  • Page 591

    Guid-8dc3b17a-13fe-4e38-85c6-a228bc03206b v1 en figure 316: connection diagram for current circuit supervision with two sets of three-phase current transformer protection cores when using the measurement core for reference current measurement, it should be noted that the saturation level of the meas...

  • Page 592

    Guid-c5a6bb27-36f9-4652-a5e4-e3d32cfea77b v1 en figure 317: connection diagram for current circuit supervision with two sets of three-phase current transformer cores (protection and measurement) example of incorrect connection the currents must be measured with two independent cores, that is, the ph...

  • Page 593

    Guid-bbf3e23f-7ce4-43a3-8986-5aaca0433235 v1 en figure 318: example of incorrect reference current connection 6.2.6 signals table 501: ccrdif input signals name type default description i_a signal 0 phase a current i_b signal 0 phase b current i_c signal 0 phase c current i_ref signal 0 reference cu...

  • Page 594

    6.2.7 settings table 503: ccrdif non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation on / off start value 0.05...0.20 xin 0.01 0.05 minimum operate current differential level max operate current 1.00...5.00 xin 0.01 1.50 block of the function...

  • Page 595

    6.3.2 function block guid-8732cea2-358d-441a-b5bb-b2dc9e36e4a4 v1 en figure 319: function block 6.3.3 functionality the protection communication supervision function pcsrtpc monitors the protection communication channel. Pcsrtpc blocks the line differential protection functions when interference in ...

  • Page 596

    6.3.4 operation principle the operation of protection communication supervision can be described by using a module diagram. All the modules in the diagram are explained in the next sections. Guid-fe089dd8-d0a0-4d3b-9287-48b11adbac25 v1 en figure 320: functional module diagram communication supervisi...

  • Page 597

    6.3.5 application communication principle analog samples, trip-, start- and user programmable signals are transferred in each protection telegram and the exchange of these protection telegrams is done eight times per power system cycle (every 2.5 ms when f n = 50 hz). Master-master communication arr...

  • Page 598

    S p t t t t d d = + − + − ( ) ( ) 4 3 6 5 guid-2940b36e-3a6c-44e4-bd39-1b117e168829 v2 en (equation 80) the sampling latency s d is calculated for each telegram on both ends. The algorithm assumes that the one-way propagation delay p d is equal for both directions. The echo method without gps can be...

  • Page 599

    Name type values (range) unit description rnd_trip_dly float32 0.000...99.999 ms measured round trip delay t_alarm_cnt timestamp time when alarm count was last changed t_warn_cnt timestamp time when warning count was last changed 6.3.9 technical revision history table 509: pcstrpc technical revision...

  • Page 600

    Seqrfuf has two algorithms, a negative sequence-based algorithm and a delta current and delta voltage algorithm. A criterion based on the delta current and the delta voltage measurements can be activated to detect three-phase fuse failures which usually are more associated with the voltage transform...

  • Page 601

    The module makes a phase-specific comparison between each voltage input and the seal in voltage setting. If the input voltage is lower than the setting, the corresponding phase is reported to the decision logic module. Current and voltage delta criterion the delta function can be activated by settin...

  • Page 602

    Setting, a new fuse failure detection for that phase is not possible until the voltage returns above the setting value. Decision logic the fuse failure detection outputs fusef_u and fusef_3ph are controlled according to the detection criteria or external signals. Table 510: fuse failure output contr...

  • Page 603

    Active for 5 seconds, that is, the fuse failure outputs are deactivated when the normal voltage conditions are restored. The activation of the block input deactivates both fusef_u and fusef_3ph outputs. 6.4.5 application some protection functions operate on the basis of the measured voltage value in...

  • Page 604

    Is detected. Since the voltage dependence differs between these functions, seqrfuf has two outputs for this purpose. 6.4.6 signals table 511: seqrfuf input signals name type default description i_a signal 0 phase a current i_b signal 0 phase b current i_c signal 0 phase c current i 2 signal 0 negati...

  • Page 605

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description min op current delta 0.01...1.00 xin 0.01 0.10 minimum operate level of phase current for delta calculation seal in voltage 0.01...1.00 xun 0.01 0.70 operate level of seal-in phase voltage enable seal in 0=false 1=true 0=false enabling seal in f...

  • Page 606

    6.5.2 function block guid-c20af735-ff25-411b-9ea6-11d595484613 v3 en figure 325: function block 6.5.3 functionality the generic runtime counter function mdsopt calculates and presents the accumulated operation time of a machine or device as the output. The unit of time for accumulation is hour. The ...

  • Page 607

    Increasing from the previous value. The count of opr_time saturates at the final value of 299999, that is, no further increment is possible. The activation of reset can reset the count to the initial value setting. Limit supervision this module compares the motor run-time count to the set values of ...

  • Page 608

    6.5.6 signals table 516: mdsopt input signals name type default description block boolean 0=false block input status pos_active boolean 0=false when active indicates the equipment is running reset boolean 0=false resets the accumulated operation time to initial value table 517: mdsopt output signals...

  • Page 609

    6.5.9 technical data table 520: mdsopt technical data description value motor run-time measurement accuracy 1) ±0.5% 1) of the reading, for a stand-alone ied, without time synchronization. 6.6 uncorresponding position startup upscbr 6.6.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification ...

  • Page 610

    The operation of the uncorresponding position startup function can be described using a module diagram. All the modules in the diagram are explained in the next sections. Signal power supply check cb_open_cmd cb_posopen cb_posclose si_pwr_on operate protection activation check operate logic guid-2be...

  • Page 611

    6.6.5 application the uncorresponding circuit breaker position means that the actual position of the circuit breaker’s control switch is unmatched with the real position of the circuit breaker. In a normal situation, the function is used in cooperation with the autoreclose function (darrec). The ope...

  • Page 612

    606.

  • Page 613

    Section 7 condition monitoring functions 7.1 circuit breaker condition monitoring sscbr 7.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number circuit breaker condition monitoring sscbr cbcm cbcm 7.1.2 function block a070795 v2 en fi...

  • Page 614

    7.1.4 operation principle the circuit breaker condition monitoring function includes different metering and monitoring subfunctions. The functions can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are “on” and “off”. The operation counters are cleared when op...

  • Page 615

    7.1.4.1 circuit breaker status the circuit breaker status subfunction monitors the position of the circuit breaker, that is, whether the breaker is in an open, closed or intermediate position. The operation of the breaker status monitoring can be described by using a module diagram. All the modules ...

  • Page 616

    A071105 v2 en figure 332: functional module diagram for calculating inactive days and alarm for circuit breaker operation monitoring inactivity timer the module calculates the number of days the circuit breaker has remained inactive, that is, has stayed in the same open or closed state. The calculat...

  • Page 617

    A071107 v1 en figure 334: travel time calculation there is a time difference t 1 between the start of the main contact opening and the opening of the posclose auxiliary contact. Similarly, there is a time gap t 2 between the time when the posopen auxiliary contact opens and the main contact is compl...

  • Page 618

    A071108 v2 en figure 335: functional module diagram for counting circuit breaker operations operation counter the operation counter counts the number of operations based on the state change of the binary auxiliary contacts inputs posclose and posopen. The number of operations no_opr is available in ...

  • Page 619

    Accumulated energy calculator this module calculates the accumulated energy i y t [(ka) y s]. The factor y is set with the current exponent setting. The calculation is initiated with the posclose input opening events. It ends when the rms current becomes lower than the acc stop current setting value...

  • Page 620

    Provided by the manufacturer. The remaining life is decremented at least with one when the circuit breaker is opened. The operation of the remaining life of the circuit breaker subfunction can be described with a module diagram. All the modules in the diagram are explained in the next sections. A071...

  • Page 621

    7.1.4.7 circuit breaker spring-charged indication the circuit breaker spring-charged indication subfunction calculates the spring charging time. The operation of the subfunction can be described with a module diagram. All the modules in the diagram are explained in the next sections. A071112 v3 en f...

  • Page 622

    A071113 v2 en figure 340: functional module diagram for circuit breaker gas pressure alarm the gas pressure is monitored through the binary input signals pres_lo_in and pres_alm_in. Timer 1 when the pres_alm_in binary input is activated, the pres_alm alarm is activated after a time delay set with th...

  • Page 623

    Reaches its closed position. The travel times are calculated based on the state changes of the auxiliary contacts and the adding correction factor to consider the time difference of the main contact's and the auxiliary contact's position change. Operation counter routine maintenance of the breaker, ...

  • Page 624

    A071114 v3 en figure 341: trip curves for a typical 12 kv, 630 a, 16 ka vacuum interrupter nr the number of closing-opening operations allowed for the circuit breaker ia the current at the time of tripping of the circuit breaker calculation of directional coef the directional coefficient is calculat...

  • Page 625

    Directional coef b a i i f r = = − log log . 2 2609 a070794 v2 en (equation 81) i r rated operating current = 630 a i f rated fault current = 16 ka a op number rated = 30000 b op number fault = 20 calculation for estimating the remaining life figure 341 shows that there are 30,000 possible operation...

  • Page 626

    Name type default description pres_alm_in boolean 0=false binary pressure alarm input pres_lo_in boolean 0=false binary pressure input for lockout indication spr_chr_st boolean 0=false cb spring charging started input spr_chr boolean 0=false cb spring charged input rst_ipow boolean 0=false reset acc...

  • Page 627

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description opening time cor 0...100 ms 1 10 correction factor for open travel time in ms closing time cor 0...100 ms 1 10 correction factor for cb close travel time in ms spring charge time 0...60000 ms 10 1000 setting of alarm for spring charging time of ...

  • Page 628

    7.1.8 monitored data table 528: sscbr monitored data name type values (range) unit description t_trv_op float32 0...60000 ms travel time of the cb during opening operation t_trv_cl float32 0...60000 ms travel time of the cb during closing operation t_spr_chr float32 0.00...99.99 s the charging time ...

  • Page 629

    7.1.10 technical revision history table 530: sscbr technical revision history technical revision change b added the possibility to reset spring charge time and breaker travel times c removed the diftrvtopalm and diftrvtclalm outputs and the corresponding open dif alarm time and close dif alarm time ...

  • Page 630

    624.

  • Page 631

    Section 8 measurement functions 8.1 basic measurements 8.1.1 functions the three-phase current measurement function cmmxu is used for monitoring and metering the phase currents of the power system.For variant j, the measured phase currents are sampled through dedicated current channels. The three-ph...

  • Page 632

    8.1.2 measurement functionality the functions can be enabled or disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "off". Some of the measurement functions operate on two alternative measurement modes: "dft" and "rms". The measurement mode is selected with the x mea...

  • Page 633

    • zero-point clamping • deadband supervision • limit value supervision in the three-phase voltage measurement function vmmxu the supervision functions are based on the phase-to-phase voltages. However, the phase-to-earth voltage values are also reported with the phase-to-phase voltages. Zero-point c...

  • Page 634

    Limit value supervision the limit value supervision function indicates whether the measured value of x_inst exceeds or falls below the set limits. The measured value has the corresponding range information x_range and has a value in the range of 0 to 4: • 0: "normal" • 1: "high" • 2: "low" • 3: "hig...

  • Page 635

    Function settings for limit value supervision three-phase voltage measurement (vmmxu) high limit v high limit low limit v low limit high-high limit v high high limit low-low limit v low low limit residual current measurement (rescmmxu) high limit a high limit res low limit - high-high limit a hi hig...

  • Page 636

    Guid-63ca9a0f-24d8-4ba8-a667-88632df53284 v1 en figure 343: integral deadband supervision the deadband value used in the integral calculation is configured with the x deadband setting. The value represents the percentage of the difference between the maximum and minimum limit in the units of 0.001 p...

  • Page 637

    Function settings maximum/minimum (=range) frequency measurement (fmmxu) f deadband 75 / 35 (=40hz) sequence current measurement (csmsqi) ps seq a deadband , ng seq a deadband , zro a deadband 40 / 0 (=40xin) sequence voltage measurement (vsmsqi) ps seq v deadband , ng seq v deadband , zro v deadban...

  • Page 638

    Guid-9947b4f2-cd26-4f85-bf57-eaf1593aae1b v1 en figure 344: complex power and power quadrants table 534: power quadrants quadrant current p q pf power q1 lagging + + 0…+1.00 +ind q2 lagging - + 0…-1.00 -cap q3 leading - - 0…-1.00 -ind q4 leading + - 0…+1.00 +cap the active power p direction can be s...

  • Page 639

    Sequence components the phase-sequence components are calculated using the phase currents and phase voltages. More information on calculating the phase-sequence components can be found in calculated measurements in this manual. 8.1.3 measurement function applications the measurement functions are us...

  • Page 640

    8.1.4.2 function block a070777 v2 en figure 345: function block 8.1.4.3 signals table 535: cmmxu input signals name type default description i_a signal 0 phase a current i_b signal 0 phase b current i_c signal 0 phase c current block boolean 0=false block signal for all binary outputs table 536: cmm...

  • Page 641

    8.1.4.5 monitored data table 538: cmmxu monitored data name type values (range) unit description il1-a float32 0.00...40.00 xin measured current amplitude phase a il2-a float32 0.00...40.00 xin measured current amplitude phase b il3-a float32 0.00...40.00 xin measured current amplitude phase c max d...

  • Page 642

    8.1.4.7 technical revision history table 540: cmmxu technical revision history technical revision change b menu changes 8.1.5 three-phase voltage measurement vmmxu 8.1.5.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number three-phase ...

  • Page 643

    8.1.5.4 settings table 543: vmmxu non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on measurement mode 1=rms 2=dft 2=dft selects used measurement mode num of phases 1=1 out of 3 2=2 out of 3 3=3 out of 3 1=1 out of 3 number of phases...

  • Page 644

    8.1.6 residual current measurement rescmmxu 8.1.6.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number residual current measurement rescmmxu io io 8.1.6.2 function block a070778 v2 en figure 347: function block 8.1.6.3 signals table 54...

  • Page 645

    8.1.6.5 monitored data table 549: rescmmxu monitored data name type values (range) unit description io-a float32 0.00...40.00 xin measured residual current max demand io float32 0.00...40.00 xin maximum demand for residual current min demand io float32 0.00...40.00 xin minimum demand for residual cu...

  • Page 646

    8.1.7.2 function block a070779 v2 en figure 348: function block 8.1.7.3 signals table 552: resvmmxu input signals name type default description uo signal 0 residual voltage block boolean 0=false block signal for all binary outputs table 553: resvmmxu output signals name type description high_alarm b...

  • Page 647

    8.1.7.6 technical data table 556: resvmmxu technical data characteristic value operation accuracy depending on the frequency of the current measured: f/f n = ±2 hz ±0.5% or ±0.002 x u n suppression of harmonics dft: -50 db at f = n x f n , where n = 2, 3, 4, 5,… rms: no suppression 8.1.7.7 technical...

  • Page 648

    8.1.8.4 settings table 559: fmmxu non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on f high high limit 35.00...75.00 hz 60.00 high alarm frequency limit f high limit 35.00...75.00 hz 55.00 high warning frequency limit f low limit 35...

  • Page 649

    8.1.9.3 signals table 562: csmsqi input signals name type default description i 0 signal 0 zero sequence current i 1 signal 0 positive sequence current i 2 signal 0 negative sequence current 8.1.9.4 settings table 563: csmsqi non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description ...

  • Page 650

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description zro a low limit 0.00...40.00 xin 0.00 low warning current limit for zero sequence current zro a low low lim 0.00...40.00 xin 0.00 low alarm current limit for zero sequence current zro a deadband 100...100000 2500 deadband configuration value for...

  • Page 651

    8.1.10.2 function block guid-63393283-e2c1-406a-9e70-847662d83cfc v2 en figure 351: function block 8.1.10.3 signals table 566: vsmsqi input signals name type default description u 0 signal 0 zero sequence voltage u 1 signal 0 positive phase sequence voltage u 2 signal 0 negative phase sequence volta...

  • Page 652

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description ng seq v deadband 100...100000 10000 deadband configuration value for negative sequence voltage for integral calculation. (percentage of difference between min and max as 0,001 % s) zro v hi high lim 0.00...4.00 xun 0.20 high alarm voltage limit...

  • Page 653

    8.1.11 three-phase power and energy measurement pemmxu/ mpemmxu 8.1.11.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number three-phase power and energy measurement pemmxu/ mpemmxu p, e p, e 8.1.11.2 function block guid-e38a24da-85ce-4...

  • Page 654

    8.1.11.4 settings table 571: pemmxu non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on power unit mult 3=kilo 6=mega 3=kilo unit multiplier for presentation of the power related values energy unit mult 3=kilo 6=mega 3=kilo unit mult...

  • Page 655

    Name type values (range) unit description time min dmd s timestamp time of minimum demand time max dmd p timestamp time of maximum demand time min dmd p timestamp time of minimum demand time max dmd q timestamp time of maximum demand time min dmd q timestamp time of minimum demand 8.1.11.6 technical...

  • Page 656

    8.2.1.1 recorded analog inputs the user can map any analog signal type of the ied to each analog channel of the disturbance recorder by setting the channel selection parameter of the corresponding analog channel. In addition, the user can enable or disable each analog channel of the disturbance reco...

  • Page 657

    Of the limit violation condition exceeds the filter time of approximately 50 ms, the recorder triggers. In case of a low level limit violation, if the measured value falls below approximately 0.05 during the filter time, the situation is considered to be a circuit-breaker operation and therefore, th...

  • Page 658

    8.2.1.4 sampling frequencies the sampling frequency of the disturbance recorder analog channels depends on the set rated frequency. One fundamental cycle always contains the amount of samples set with the storage rate parameter. Since the states of the binary channels are sampled once per task execu...

  • Page 659

    A070835 v1 en figure 353: disturbance recorder file naming the naming convention of 8+3 characters is used in comtrade file naming. The file name is composed of the last two octets of the ied's ip number and a running counter, which has a range of 1...9999. A hexadecimal representation is used for t...

  • Page 660

    The storage mode parameter of the corresponding analog channel or binary channel, the stor. Mode manual parameter for manual trigger and the stor. Mode periodic parameter for periodic trigger. In the waveform mode, the samples are captured according to the storage rate and pre-trg length parameters....

  • Page 661

    It is more important to have the latest recordings in the memory. The saturation mode is preferred, when the oldest recordings are more important. New triggerings are blocked in both the saturation and the overwrite mode until the previous recording is completed. On the other hand, a new triggering ...

  • Page 662

    Configure the name of the binary channel and modify it by writing the new name to the channel id text parameter of the corresponding binary channel. Note that the channel id text parameter is used in comtrade configuration files as a channel identifier. The recording always contains all binary chann...

  • Page 663

    The disturbance recorder follows the 1999 version of the comtrade standard and uses the binary data file format. 8.2.4 settings table 575: non-group general settings for disturbance recorder parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1 1=on disturbance recorder on/of...

  • Page 664

    Table 576: non-group analog channel settings for disturbance recorder parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1 1=on analog channel is enabled or disabled channel selection 0=disabled, 1=io 2=il1 3=il2 4=il3 5=iob 6=il1b 7=il2b 8=il3b 9=uo 10=u1 11=u2 12=u3 13=uob...

  • Page 665

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description high trigger level 0.00...60.00 pu 0.01 10.00 high trigger level for the analog channel low trigger level 0.00...2.00 pu 0.01 0.00 low trigger level for the analog channel storage mode 0=waveform 1=trend / cycle 1 0 storage mode for the analog c...

  • Page 666

    8.2.5 monitored data table 579: monitored data for disturbance recorder parameter values (range) unit step default description number of recordings 0...100 number of recordings currently in memory rem. Amount of rec. 0...100 remaining amount of recordings that fit into the available recording memory...

  • Page 667

    8.3.2 function block guid-9ff20342-1b3c-45db-8fb5-50389401aef5 v2 en figure 354: function block 8.3.3 functionality the tap changer position indication function tpossltc is used for transformer tap position supervision. The binary inputs can be used for converting a binary- coded tap changer positio...

  • Page 668

    Tap position decoder when there is a wired connection to the tap_pos connector, the corresponding tap changer position is decoded from the ma or rtd input. When there is no wired connection to the tap_pos connector, the binary inputs are expected to be used for the tap changer position information. ...

  • Page 669

    Table 581: truth table of the decoding modes inputs tap_pos outputs sign_ bit bi5 bi4 bi3 bi2 bi1 bi0 nat2i nt bcd2i nt gray2 int ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 —3 —3 —2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 —2 —2 —3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 —1 —1 —1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1...

  • Page 670

    Inputs tap_pos outputs 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 32 20 63 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 33 21 62 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 34 22 60 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 35 23 61 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 36 24 56 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8.3.5 application tpossltc provides tap position information for other functions as a signed integer value that can be fed to the tap ...

  • Page 671

    8.3.6 signals table 582: tpossltc input signals name type default description bi0 boolean 0=false binary input 1 bi1 boolean 0=false binary input 2 bi2 boolean 0=false binary input 3 bi3 boolean 0=false binary input 4 bi4 boolean 0=false binary input 5 bi5 boolean 0=false binary input 6 sign_bit boo...

  • Page 672

    666.

  • Page 673

    Section 9 control functions 9.1 circuit breaker control cbxcbr, disconnector control dcxswi and earthing switch control esxswi 9.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number circuit breaker control cbxcbr io cb io cb disconne...

  • Page 674

    9.1.3 functionality the cbxcbr, dcxswi and esxswi are intended for circuit breaker, disconnector and earthing switch control and status information purposes. These functions execute commands and evaluate block conditions and different time supervision conditions. The functions perform an execution c...

  • Page 675

    • enabling the opening command: the function is used to block the operation of the opening command. This block signal also affects the open input of immediate command. • enabling the closing command: the function is used to block the operation of the closing command. This block signal also affects t...

  • Page 676

    When the apparatus already is in the right position, the maximum pulse length is given. The pulse length setting does not affect the length of the trip pulse. Control methods the command execution mode can be set with the control model setting. The alternatives for command execution are direct contr...

  • Page 677

    A070878 v2 en figure 358: control procedure in the sbo method 9.1.5 application in the field of distribution and sub-transmission automation, reliable control and status indication of primary switching components both locally and remotely is in a significant role. They are needed especially in moder...

  • Page 678

    A070879 v2 en figure 359: status indication-based interlocking via the goose messaging 9.1.6 signals table 588: cbxcbr input signals name type default description ena_open boolean 1=true enables opening ena_close boolean 1=true enables closing blk_open boolean 0=false blocks opening blk_close boolea...

  • Page 679

    Name type default description blk_close boolean 0=false blocks closing itl_bypass boolean 0=false discards ena_open and ena_close interlocking when true exe_op boolean 0=false executes the command for open direction exe_cl boolean 0=false executes the command for close direction openpos boolean 0=fa...

  • Page 680

    Name type description okpos boolean apparatus position is ok open_enad boolean opening is enabled based on the input status close_enad boolean closing is enabled based on the input status table 593: esxswi output signals name type description selected boolean object selected exe_op boolean executes ...

  • Page 681

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description control model 0=status-only 1=direct-with- normal-security 4=sbo-with- enhanced-security 4=sbo-with- enhanced-security select control model adaptive pulse 0=false 1=true 1=true stop in right position event delay 0...10000 ms 1 100 event delay of...

  • Page 682

    Table 599: esxswi monitored data name type values (range) unit description position dbpos 0=intermediate 1=open 2=closed 3=faulty apparatus position indication 9.1.9 technical revision history table 600: cbxcbr technical revision history technical revision change b interlocking bypass input (itl_byp...

  • Page 683

    9.2.3 functionality the functions dcsxswi and essxswi indicate remotely and locally the open, close and undefined states of the disconnector and earthing switch. The functionality of both is identical, but each one is allocated for a specific purpose visible in the function names. For example, the s...

  • Page 684

    Table 603: essxswi input signals name type default description posopen boolean 0=false signal for open position of apparatus from i/o 1) posclose boolean 0=false signal for closed position of apparatus from i/o 1) 1) not available for monitoring table 604: dcsxswi output signals name type descriptio...

  • Page 685

    Table 609: essxswi monitored data name type values (range) unit description position dbpos 0=intermediate 1=open 2=closed 3=faulty apparatus position indication 9.3 synchronism and energizing check secrsyn 9.3.1 identification functional description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ...

  • Page 686

    The function contains a blocking functionality. It is possible to block function outputs and timers if desired. 9.3.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "off". The secrsyn function has two parallel ...

  • Page 687

    Live dead mode description dead bus, l any both line and bus de-energized or bus de- energized and line energized dead l, bus any both line and bus de-energized or line de- energized and bus energized one live, dead bus de-energized and line energized or line de- energized and bus energized not both...

  • Page 688

    In case syncro check mode is set to “asyncronous”, the additional conditions must be fulfilled. • the measured difference of the voltages is less than the set value of difference voltage. • the measured difference of the phase angles is less than the set value of difference angle. • the measured dif...

  • Page 689

    Closing angle = ∠ − ∠ ( ) ° + − ( ) × + ( ) × ° ( ) u u f f t t bus line bus line cb pl 360 guid-48292fc2-c00c-4166-bcad-ffc77d7f196b v1 en (equation 88) φ u_bus measured bus voltage phase angle φ u_line measured line voltage phase angle f u_bus measured bus frequency f u_line measured line frequenc...

  • Page 690

    Command mode if control mode is set to "command", the purpose of the synchro check functionality in the command mode is to find the instant when the voltages on both sides of the circuit breaker are in synchronism. The conditions for synchronism are met when the voltages on both sides of the circuit...

  • Page 691

    T = close pulse guid-0d9a1a7f-58d1-4081-b974-a3ce10dec5af v2 en figure 367: determination of the pulse length of the closing signal in the command control mode operation, there are alarms for a failed closing attempt (cl_fail_al) and for a command signal that remains active too long (cmd_fail_al). I...

  • Page 692

    Control module has not removed the external command signal after the closing operation. To avoid unnecessary alarms, the duration of the command signal should be set in such a way that the maximum length of the signal is always below maximum syn time + 5s. Close pulse maximum syn time 5s guid-4df336...

  • Page 693

    Voltage angle difference adjustment in application where the power transformer is located between the voltage measurement and the vector group connection gives phase difference to the voltages between the high and low-voltage sides, the angle adjustment can be used to meet synchronism. The vector gr...

  • Page 694

    G secrsyn darrec secrsyn plc a b u_bus u_bus u_line u_line guid-27a9936f-0276-47a1-b646-48e336fda95c v2 en figure 370: synchrocheck function secrsyn checking energizing conditions and synchronism connections a special attention is paid to the connection of the ied. Furthermore it is checked that the...

  • Page 695

    L1 l3 u1 u2 u3 u0 u1b u12 l2 relay program u_line u_bus secrsyn u_bus u_line bypass sync_inpro sync_ok cl_fail_al cmd_fail_al cl_command block energ_state guid-de29affc-9769-459b-b52c-4c11dc37a583 v2 en figure 371: connection of voltages for the ied and signals used in synchrocheck 9.3.6 signals tab...

  • Page 696

    9.3.7 settings table 613: synchronism and energizing check (secrsyn) main settings parameter values (range) unit step default description live dead mode -1=off 1=both dead 2=live l, dead b 3=dead l, live b 4=dead bus, l any 5=dead l, bus any 6=one live, dead 7=not both live 1=both dead energizing ch...

  • Page 697

    9.3.8 monitored data table 614: secrsyn monitored data name type values (range) unit description energ_state enum 0=unknown 1=both live 2=live l, dead b 3=dead l, live b 4=both dead energization state of line and bus u_diff_meas float32 0.00...1.00 xun calculated voltage amplitude difference fr_diff...

  • Page 698

    9.4 autoreclosing darrec 9.4.1 identification function description iec 61850 logical node name iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number autoreclosing darrec o-->i 79 9.4.2 function block a070836-cn v1 en figure 372: function block 9.4.3 functionality about 80 to 85 percent of faults in...

  • Page 699

    9.4.3.1 protection signal definition the control line setting defines which of the initiation signals are protection start and trip signals and which are not. With this setting, the user can distinguish the blocking signals from the protection signals. The control line setting is a bit mask, that is...

  • Page 700

    9.4.3.3 master and slave scheme with the cooperation between the ar units in the same ied or between ieds, sequential reclosings of two breakers at a line end in a 1½-breaker, double breaker or ring-bus arrangement can be achieved. One unit is defined as a master and it executes the reclosing first....

  • Page 701

    9.4.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "off". The reclosing operation can be enabled and disabled with the reclosing operation setting. This setting does not disable the function, only the reclosi...

  • Page 702

    A070865 v2 en figure 375: schematic diagram of delayed initiation input signals in total, the ar function contains six separate initiation lines used for the initiation or blocking of the auto-reclose shots. These lines are divided into two types of channels. In three of these channels, the signal t...

  • Page 703

    • str 3 delay shot 1 • str 3 delay shot 2 • str 3 delay shot 3 • str 3 delay shot 4 time delay settings for the del_init_4 signal are as follows: • str 4 delay shot 1 • str 4 delay shot 2 • str 4 delay shot 3 • str 4 delay shot 4 normally, only two or three reclose attempts are made. The third and f...

  • Page 704

    A070867 v1 en figure 377: signal scheme of autoreclose operation initiated with protection start signal the auto-reclose shot is initiated with a start signal of the protection function after the start delay time has elapsed. The auto-reclose starts when the str 2 delay shot 1 setting elapses. A0708...

  • Page 705

    9.4.4.2 shot initiation a070869 v1 en figure 379: example of an auto-reclose program with a reclose scheme matrix in the ar function, each shot can be programmed to locate anywhere in the reclose scheme matrix. The shots are like building blocks used to design the reclose program. The building block...

  • Page 706

    • first reclose time = 1.0s • init signals cbb1 = 7 (three lowest bits: 111000 = 7) • blk signals cbb1 = 16 (the fifth bit: 000010 = 16) • shot number cbb1 = 1 cbb2 settings are: • second reclose time = 10s • init signals cbb2 = 6 (the second and third bits: 011000 = 6) • blk signals cbb2 = 16 (the ...

  • Page 707

    Even if the initiation signals are not received from the protection functions, the ar function can be set to continue from the second to the fifth reclose shot. The ar function can, for example, be requested to automatically continue with the sequence when the circuit breaker fails to close when req...

  • Page 708

    • not allowed: no automatic initiation is allowed • when the synchronization fails, the automatic initiation is carried out when the auto wait time elapses and the reclosing is prevented due to a failure during the synchronism check • when the circuit breaker does not close, the automatic initiation...

  • Page 709

    The shot pointer value increases. This is carried out until a successful reclosing or lockout takes place after a complete shot sequence containing a total of five shots. A070872 v1 en figure 382: shot pointer function every time the shot pointer increases, the reclaim time starts. When the reclaim ...

  • Page 710

    • the sync input must be true if the particular cbb requires information about the synchronism • all ar initiation inputs that are defined protection lines (using the control line setting) are inactive • the circuit breaker is open • the circuit breaker is ready for the close command, that is, the c...

  • Page 711

    A070874 v1 en figure 384: initiation after elapsed discrimination time - new shot begins 9.4.4.5 sequence controller when the locked output is active, the ar function is in lockout. This means that new sequences cannot be initialized, because ar is insensitive to initiation commands. It can be relea...

  • Page 712

    • the frequent operation counter limit is reached and new sequence is initiated. The lockout is released when the recovery timer elapses • the protection trip signal has been active longer than the time set with the max wait time parameter since the shot initiation • the circuit breaker is closed ma...

  • Page 713

    Shot 1 (cbb1) 0.3s shot 2 (cbb2) 15.0s init_1 (i>>) init_2 (i>) init_3 (io>) lockout lockout lockout a070875 v3 en figure 385: configuration example of using the prot_crd output for protection blocking if the protection crd limit setting has the value "1", the instantaneous three-phase overcurrent p...

  • Page 714

    If the manual close mode setting is set to false and the circuit breaker has been manually closed during an auto-reclose shot, the ar unit goes to an immediate lockout. If the manual close mode setting is set to true and the circuit breaker has been manually closed during an auto-reclose shot (the i...

  • Page 715

    • cnt_shot3: counts reclose commands that are executed from shot 3 • cnt_shot4: counts reclose commands that are executed from shot 4 • cnt_shot5: counts reclose commands that are executed from shot 5 the counters are disabled through communication with the dsacnt parameter. When the counters are di...

  • Page 716

    Table 617: important definitions related to auto-reclosing auto-reclose shot an operation where after a preset time the breaker is closed from the breaker tripping caused by protection auto-reclose sequence a predefined method to do reclose attempts (shots) to restore the power system sotf if the pr...

  • Page 717

    The settings related to cbb configuration are: • first...Seventh reclose time • init signals cbb1…cbb7 • blk signals cbb1…cbb7 • shot number cbb1…cbb7 the reclose time defines the open and dead times, that is, the time between the open_cb and the close_cb commands. The init signals cbbx setting defi...

  • Page 718

    Lockout. If the initiation is made from the init_2 and init_3 lines, an immediate lockout occurs. The init_5 line is used for blocking purposes. If the init_5 line is active during a sequence start, the reclose attempt is blocked and the ar function goes to lockout. If more than one cbbs are started...

  • Page 719

    A070870 v1 en figure 387: logic diagram of auto-initiation sequence detection automatic initiation can be selected with the auto initiation cnd setting to be the following: • not allowed: no automatic initiation is allowed • when the synchronization fails, the automatic initiation is carried out whe...

  • Page 720

    The auto init parameter defines which init_x lines are activated in the auto-initiation. The default value for this parameter is "0", which means that no auto-initiation is selected. A070871 v1 en figure 388: example of an auto-initiation sequence with synchronization failure in the first shot and c...

  • Page 721

    • only such cbbs that are set for the next shot in the sequence can be accepted for execution. For example, if the next shot in the sequence should be shot 2, a request from cbb set for shot 3 is rejected. • any cbb that is set for the next shot or any of the following shots can be accepted for exec...

  • Page 722

    Example 1. The sequence is implemented by two shots which have the same reclosing time for all protection functions, namely i>>, i> and io>. The initiation of the shots is done by activating the operating signals of the protection functions. A070887 v1 en figure 390: autoreclose sequence with two sh...

  • Page 723

    Table 618: settings for configuration example 1 setting name setting value shot number cbb1 1 init signals cbb1 7 (lines 1,2 and 3 = 1+2+4 = 7) first reclose time 0.3s (an example) shot number cbb2 2 init signals cbb2 7 (lines 1,2 and 3 = 1+2+4 = 7) second reclose time 15.0s (an example) example 2 t...

  • Page 724

    T hsar time delay of high-speed autoreclosing, here: first reclose time t dar time delay of delayed autoreclosing, here: second reclose time t l>> operating time for the i>> protection stage to clear the fault t l> or lo> operating time for the i> or io> protection stage to clear the fault t cb_o op...

  • Page 725

    • del_init_2 • del_init_3 • del_init_4 del_init_2 and init_2 are connected together with an or-gate, as are inputs 3 and 4. Inputs 1, 5 and 6 do not have any delayed input. From the auto-reclosing point of view, it does not matter whether init_x or del_init_x line is used for shot initiation or bloc...

  • Page 726

    9.4.6.5 shot initiation from protection start signal in it simplest, all auto-reclose shots are initiated by protection trips. As a result, all trip times in the sequence are the same. This is why using protection trips may not be the optimal solution. Using protection start signals instead of prote...

  • Page 727

    Parameter to "1" and connecting the protection start information to the corresponding del_init_ input. When the function detects a closing of the circuit breaker, that is, any other closing except the reclosing done by the function itself, it always prohibits shot initiation for the time set with th...

  • Page 728

    Table 622: darrec output signals name type description open_cb boolean open command for circuit breaker close_cb boolean close (reclose) command for circuit breaker cmd_wait boolean wait for master command inpro boolean reclosing shot in progress, activated during dead time locked boolean signal ind...

  • Page 729

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description auto wait time 0...60000 ms 10 2000 wait time for reclosing condition fullfilling auto lockout reset 0=false 1=true 1=true automatic lockout reset protection crd limit 1...5 1 protection coordination shot limit protection crd mode 1=no condition...

  • Page 730

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description shot number cbb1 0...5 0 shot number for cbb1 shot number cbb2 0...5 0 shot number for cbb2 shot number cbb3 0...5 0 shot number for cbb3 shot number cbb4 0...5 0 shot number for cbb4 shot number cbb5 0...5 0 shot number for cbb5 shot number cbb...

  • Page 731

    Name type values (range) unit description inpro_1 boolean 0=false 1=true reclosing shot in progress, shot 1 inpro_2 boolean 0=false 1=true reclosing shot in progress, shot 2 inpro_3 boolean 0=false 1=true reclosing shot in progress, shot 3 inpro_4 boolean 0=false 1=true reclosing shot in progress, s...

  • Page 732

    9.4.11 technical revision history table 626: technical revision history technical revision change b the prot_disa output removed and removed the related settings c the default value of the cb closed pos status setting changed from "true" to "false" 9.5 tap changer control with voltage regulator olat...

  • Page 733

    The automatic voltage regulation can be used in single or parallel transformer applications. Parallel operation can be based on master/follower (m/f), negative reactance principle (nrp) or minimizing circulating current (mcc). Olatcc includes the line drop compensation (ldc) functionality, and the l...

  • Page 734

    Tco rsv tapchg_fllw tap_pos i_c u_ab i_b i_a tr1_tap_pos tr2_tap_pos tr3_tap_pos ltc_block raise_local lower_local con_status parallel auto tr2_i_angl tr3_i_ampl tr3_i_angl tr1_i_ampl tr1_i_angl tr2_i_ampl blocking scheme alarm auto parallel (nrp) t timer t tr0_i_ampl tr0_i_angl alarm indication aut...

  • Page 735

    • the highest phase current value is used for overcurrent blocking. • the currents from the secondary side of the power transformer are used for line drop compensation (average of the connected inputs). • the currents from the secondary side of the power transformer are used for calculating the circ...

  • Page 736

    The tap changer position value is given in parentheses. For example, (0) indicates that there is no tap changer position connected or the tap changer position value quality is bad. Typically, if no tap changer position is connected, all the tpossltc binary inputs are false by default and the value s...

  • Page 737

    9.5.8 manual voltage regulation the manual raising and lowering commands can be given either via the configuration inputs lower_local and raise_local, via the hmi of the ied or via remote commands. The acting operation mode of olatcc must be set to "manual" and the local/remote control lr state moni...

  • Page 738

    Changer alarm is activated if the tap changer does not move downwards in cmd error delay time after the pulse activation, resulting that alarm_reas in the monitored data contains a command error value. The lowering control works in a similar way, as shown in figure 397 . In the output data, the lowe...

  • Page 739

    Band width voltage u Δu step t bandwidth limit hysteresis limit u m , measured voltage u p , control voltage t1 s ta rt t1 re se t t1 s ta rt lowe r t1 guid-65ba0ec4-8e96-41e1-b273-3519df5c25e1 v2 en figure 397: voltage-regulating function. A control pulse to lower the voltage is issued after the el...

  • Page 740

    Loading state of the network. The control voltage u p is calculated according to the equation u u u u u p s z ci rsv = + + − guid-86d55536-6ef1-43cb-ba21-ef57280debb4 v1 en (equation 89) u p control voltage u s set voltage level band center voltage u z line drop compensation term u ci circulating cu...

  • Page 741

    Line drop v ris u i r u line dro r ct n vt n = [ ] = × × × [ ] % _ _ 3 100 1 1 %u n p p v react u i x u u x ct n vt n n = [ ] = × × × [ ] % % _ _ 3 100 1 1 guid-b79f4e6b-b70e-4d85-bd8c-7877bd52a334 v1 en (equation 90) i ct_n1 nominal primary current of the ct u vt_n1 nominal primary voltage of the v...

  • Page 742

    It is difficult to predict the actual voltage levels in the feeder lines in such a case, and lowering the voltage at the substation can have harmful effects in the far end of the network. However, the rv pwr flow allowed setting allows also negative ldc terms to be taken into equation. The topology ...

  • Page 743

    Current (mcc) or negative reactance principle (nrp) should be used. The mcc and nrp principles are also suitable for identical transformers. The circulating current, which is almost purely inductive, is defined as negative if it flows towards the transformer. U ci in equation 89 is positive and the ...

  • Page 744

    The values for the fllwx_ctl command are 1=lower follower x and 2=raise follower x. Consequently, the values for the tapchg_fllw command are 1=lower and 2=raise. If several regulators are to act as masters (one at a time), their outputs also have to be routed to the inputs of other regulators. To st...

  • Page 745

    Therefore, it is reasonable to apply the out-of-step function only to the m/f operation mode. The out-of-step function is triggered when the master detects a difference of at least one step between the tap changer positions in the follower and in the master. The master then sends special raising or ...

  • Page 746

    I load x sin(φ load ) i tr1 x sin(φ 1 ) φ load φ 1 u_a ici = circulating current i load i tr1 i load = i tr1 x │cos(φ 1 )│/cos(φ load ) guid-2b71b160-fb76-4be0-952f-75f42220401f v2 en figure 399: the expected phase angle of the load supplied by the transformers operating in parallel is entered as a ...

  • Page 747

    By comparing the reactive components of the currents measured by the different regulators it is possible to find out if the circulating current has been minimized. The circulating current is minimized when the reactive components are equal. The negative reactance method gives satisfactory results on...

  • Page 748

    In this case, the circulating current can be calculated with the equation i i i ci tr tr = × − × (sin sin ) φ φ 1 1 2 2 2 guid-5898550f-0095-4173-91ed-4d5affc7b58d v2 en (equation 94) i tr1 average primary value of the currents i_a, i_b and i_c measured by regulator 1 i tr2 average primary value of ...

  • Page 749

    Communication and the mcc mode the phasor information from the other parallel ieds is needed for the circular current calculation. Therefore, horizontal goose communication is needed between ieds when the mcc principle is used. The transferred current phasor contains the primary value of the measure...

  • Page 750

    Idmt type operation the idmt timer can be selected by setting delay characteristic to "inverse time". The minimum time at the inverse time characteristic is limited to 1.0 second. However, the minimum recommended setting of the control delay times t1 and t2 is 10 seconds when the definite time delay...

  • Page 751

    Guid-6aa3c028-e7dd-4c87-a91c-4b8b1d43cbba v2 en figure 401: inverse time characteristic for different values on t1 or t2 (the smaller figure is a zoom-in of the larger one) 9.5.12 pulse control the tap changer generates an active operating signal when the tap-changing process is active. This signal ...

  • Page 752

    Ltc_block input. In this case, the external blocking is achieved when an automatic pulse is sent to the operating tap changer. The external ltc_block has by default no effect when the acting operation mode is set to "manual". The status of the tco input can be read from the tco input data. 9.5.13 bl...

  • Page 753

    Table explaining the default blocking schema operates as such. However, there are also other alternatives that cause different operation when compared to that table. Table 630: customized manual blocking schema manual blocking type enumeration description 1 custom disabled no load current, blocking ...

  • Page 754

    Table 633: blocking schema for selection “uv, ext” acting operation mode command load current block lowering voltage runback raising voltage high circulating current external block extreme positions manual raise x x x x lower x x x load current the load current blocking is mainly used for preventing...

  • Page 755

    Measured ( table 629 ). This operation can be adjusted with the setting parameter cir current limit. The blocking status can be read from the monitored data blkd_i_cir. Ltc_block – external block input with the pcm600 tool configuration possibilities, a desired blocking condition can be built by con...

  • Page 756

    Fast lowering control causes successive lower_own pulses to be activated. The time between consecutive pulse starts is the pulse length plus 1.5 seconds. • there is no tap changer operating delay (otherwise six seconds) taken into account in this cycle (meaning that some command pulses are ineffecti...

  • Page 757

    If the tco input signal is not connected (indicated by bad quality), this type of alarm is not possible. Regulator pumping it is possible that faulty settings cause the regulator to give control pulses too frequently. For example, too low a setting for the band width voltage ( figure 397 ) can resul...

  • Page 758

    Applications where two or more power transformers are connected to the same busbar at the same time. The parallel operation modes of olatcc are master/ follower (m/f), minimizing circulating current (mcc) and negative reactance principle (nrp). Configuration example for the manual and auto single mo...

  • Page 759

    T_f32_int8 f32 int8 tpossltc bi0 bi1 bi2 bi3 bi4 bi5 sign_bit tap_pos olatcc i_a i_b i_c u_ab tr1_tap_pos tr2_tap_pos tr3_tap_pos raise_local lower_local tapchg_fllw parallel auto con_status ltc_block tco rsv tr1_i_ampl tr1_i_angl tr2_i_ampl tr2_i_angl tr3_i_ampl tr3_i_angl raise_own lower_own fllw1...

  • Page 760

    M u12b il1b, il2b, il3b tco tap position ind. Raise lower m u12b il1b, il2b, il3b tco tap position ind. Raise lower regulator 1 signals regulator 2 signals cb1 cb3 cb2 cb2 lower follower raise follower guid-0b2cbb09-9b4c-498a-bb1c-3a3689513bdf v2 en figure 404: an example of the configuration for th...

  • Page 761

    Table 634: the automatic selection of operation modes for regulators in the master/follower example cb1 cb2 cb3 regulator 1 regulator 2 open open open manual manual open open closed manual auto single open closed open manual manual open closed closed manual auto single closed open open auto single m...

  • Page 762

    Stepwise change in the phase angle of the load, the regulating error can be suppressed by an automatic setting group change or by changing the operation mode with the logic. Olatcc i_a i_b i_c u_ab tr1_tap_pos tr2_tap_pos tr3_tap_pos raise_local lower_local tapchg_fllw parallel auto con_status ltc_b...

  • Page 763

    Table 635: different parallel operation modes parallel operation modes description master/follower (follower positions not known by master) requires power transformers with identical ratings and step voltages - extra wiring work: raising/lowering commands (input tapchg_fllw connected from output fll...

  • Page 764

    9.5.16 signals table 636: olatcc input signals name type default description i_a signal 0 phase a current i_b signal 0 phase b current i_c signal 0 phase c current u_ab signal 0 phase-to-phase voltage ab tr1_tap_pos int32 0 integer value representing tap changer position of transformer 2 tr2_tap_pos...

  • Page 765

    Name type description parallel boolean parallel or single operation auto boolean auto/manual indication timer_on boolean timer on blkd_i_lod boolean indication of over current blocking blkd_u_un boolean indication of under voltage blocking rnbk_u_ov boolean indication of raise voltage runback blkd_i...

  • Page 766

    Parameter values (range) unit step default description parallel trafos 0...10 0 number of parallel transformers in addition to own transformer delay characteristic 0=inverse time 1=definite time 1=definite time selection of delay characteristic band width voltage 1.20...18.00 %un 0.01 3.00 allowed d...

  • Page 767

    Name type values (range) unit description angl_ua_ia float32 -180...180 deg measured angle value between phase a voltage and current timer_sts enum 0=timer off 1=lower timer1 on 2=raise timer1 on 3=lower timer2 on 4=raise timer2 on 5=fast lower t on timer t1, t2 or fast lower timer active opr_mode_s...

  • Page 768

    Name type values (range) unit description fail_fllw enum 0=no failed followers 1=follower 1 2=follower 2 3=followers 1+2 4=follower 3 5=followers 1+3 6=followers 2+3 7=followers 1+2+3 failed followers par_unit_mcc enum 0=no parall units 1=trafo 1 2=trafo 2 3=trafos 1 and 2 4=trafo 3 5=trafos 1 and 3...

  • Page 769

    9.5.20 technical revision history table 642: olattc technical revision history technical revision change b added new output timer_on (new 61850 data for that). Act interface changes by interchanging already existing data between monitored data and output interface. Operation mode default to be chang...

  • Page 770

    764.

  • Page 771

    Section 10 power quality measurement functions 10.1 current total demand distortion monitoring cmhai 10.1.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number current total demand distortion monitoring cmhai pqm3i pqm3i 10.1.2 function...

  • Page 772

    Block alarm distortion measure- ment i_a i_b i_c demand calculation guid-e5ec5ffe-7679-445b-b327-a8b1759d90c4 v1 en figure 409: functional module diagram distortion measurement the distortion measurement module measures harmonics up to the 11th harmonic. The total demand distortion tdd is calculated...

  • Page 773

    Problem concerning voltage or current that results in a failure or misoperation of customer equipment is a power quality problem. Harmonic distortion in a power system is caused by nonlinear devices. Electronic power converter loads constitute the most important class of nonlinear loads in a power s...

  • Page 774

    10.1.7 settings table 645: cmhai non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on demand interval 0=1 minute 1=5 minutes 2=10 minutes 3=15 minutes 4=30 minutes 5=60 minutes 6=180 minutes 2=10 minutes time interval for demand calcu...

  • Page 775

    10.2 voltage total harmonic distortion monitoring vmhai 10.2.1 identification function description iec 61850 identification iec 60617 identification ansi/ieee c37.2 device number voltage total harmonic distortion monitoring vmhai pqm3u pqm3v 10.2.2 function block guid-cf203bdc-8c9a-442c-8d31-1ad5511...

  • Page 776

    Distortion measurement the distortion measurement module measures harmonics up to the 11th harmonic. The total harmonic distortion thd for voltage is calculated from the measured harmonic components with the formula thd u u k k n = = ∑ 2 2 1 guid-83a22e8c-5f4d-4332-a832-4e48b35550ef v1 en (equation ...

  • Page 777

    Table 648: vmhai output signals name type description alarm boolean alarm signal for thd 10.2.7 settings table 649: vmhai non group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description operation 1=on 5=off 1=on operation off / on demand interval 0=1 minute 1=5 minutes 2=10 minutes 3=15 mi...

  • Page 778

    Name type values (range) unit description dmd_thd_b float32 0.00...500.00 % demand value for thd for phase b 3smhthd_c float32 0.00...500.00 % 3 second mean value of thd for phase c dmd_thd_c float32 0.00...500.00 % demand value for thd for phase c 10.3 voltage variation phqvvr 10.3.1 identification...

  • Page 779

    Phqvvr contains a blocking functionality. It is possible to block a set of function outputs or the function itself, if desired. 10.3.4 operation principle the function can be enabled and disabled with the operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are "on" and "off". The operation of the ...

  • Page 780

    Is, all the monitored phases have to be activated. Accordingly, the deactivation occurs when the activation requirement is not fulfilled, that is, one or more monitored phase signal magnitudes return beyond their limits. Phases do not need to be activated by the same variation type to activate the s...

  • Page 781

    U_a u_c u_b dipst intst swellst voltage int set voltage dip set voltage swell set false true false true false true dipst intst swellst false true false true false true a) three phase mode b) single phase mode guid-f44c8e6e-9354-44e4-9b2e-600d66b76c1a v1 en figure 414: detection of three-phase voltag...

  • Page 782

    Figure 415 shows voltage dip operational regions. In figure 414 , only one voltage dip/swell/int set is drawn, whereas in this figure there are three sub-limits for the dip operation. When voltage dip set 3 is undershot, the corresponding st_x and also the dipst outputs are activated. When the trms ...

  • Page 783

    Voltage swell set 3 voltage swell set 2 voltage swell set 1 voltage xuref time (ms) 0 0 vva dur max vva swell time 3 vva swell time 1 vva swell time 2 1.40 instantaneous swell temporary swell momentary swell maximum duration swell 1.00 guid-7f23358a-5b42-4f5b-8f12-b157208c8945 v1 en figure 416: volt...

  • Page 784

    Consequently, only one event detection and recording of the same variation type can take place for one voltage variation, so the longest indicated variation of each variation type is detected. Furthermore, it is possible that another instantaneous dip event replaces the one already indicated if the ...

  • Page 785

    Limit setting common for the three duration settings. The maximum duration setting is common for all variation types. The duration measurement module measures the voltage variation duration of each phase voltage separately when the phase mode setting is "single phase". The phase variation durations ...

  • Page 786

    It is also possible that there are simultaneously a dip in one phase and a swell in other phases. The functionality of the corresponding event indication with one inactive phase is shown in figure 419 . Here, the "swell + dip" variation type of phase mode is "single phase". For the selection "three ...

  • Page 787

    U_a u_c u_b st_b st_c st_a dipst intst swellst swellopr intopr dipopr voltage int set voltage dip set voltage swell set false true false true false true false true false true false true false true false true false true st_b st_c st_a dipst intst swellst swellopr intopr dipopr false true false true f...

  • Page 788

    Phase, and the minimum or maximum magnitude corresponding to swell or dip/ interruption during variation is temporarily stored. If the minimum or maximum is found in tracking and a new magnitude is stored, also the inactive phase voltages are stored at the same moment, that is, the inactive phases a...

  • Page 789

    Table 651: phqvvr recording data bank parameters parameter description parameter name event detection triggering time stamp time variation type variation type variation magnitude ph a variation ph a variation magnitude ph a time stamp (maximum/ minimum magnitude measuring time moment during variatio...

  • Page 790

    More than half of the nominal frequency period and less than one minute (european standard en 50160 and ieee std 1159-1995). These short-duration voltage variations are almost always caused by a fault condition. Depending on where the fault is located, it can cause either a temporary voltage rise (s...

  • Page 791

    Breakers that interrupt fault currents. All these actions result in a sudden reduction of voltages on all voltage phases. Due to the nature of voltage variations, the power quality standards do not specify any acceptance limits. There are only indicative values for, for example, voltage dips in the ...

  • Page 792

    10.3.8 settings table 655: phqvvr group settings parameter values (range) unit step default description reference voltage 10.0...200.0 %un 0.1 57.7 reference supply voltage in % voltage dip set 1 10.0...100.0 % 0.1 80.0 dip limit 1 in % of reference voltage vva dip time 1 0.5...54.0 cycles 0.1 3.0 v...

  • Page 793

    10.3.9 monitored data table 657: phqvvr monitored data name type values (range) unit description st_a boolean 0=false 1=true start phase a (voltage variation event in progress) st_b boolean 0=false 1=true start phase b (voltage variation event in progress) st_c boolean 0=false 1=true start phase c (...

  • Page 794

    Name type values (range) unit description variation ph a float32 0.00...5.00 xun variation magnitude phase a var ph a rec time timestamp variation magnitude phase a time stamp variation ph b float32 0.00...5.00 xun variation magnitude phase b var ph b rec time timestamp variation magnitude phase b t...

  • Page 795

    Name type values (range) unit description variation ph c float32 0.00...5.00 xun variation magnitude phase c var ph c rec time timestamp variation magnitude phase c time stamp variation dur ph a float32 0.000...3600.000 s variation duration phase a var dur ph a time timestamp variation ph a start ti...

  • Page 796

    Name type values (range) unit description variation dur ph b float32 0.000...3600.000 s variation duration phase b var dur ph b time timestamp variation ph b start time stamp variation dur ph c float32 0.000...3600.000 s variation duration phase c var dur ph c time timestamp variation ph c start tim...

  • Page 797

    Section 11 general function block features 11.1 definite time characteristics 11.1.1 definite time operation the dt mode is enabled when the operating curve type setting is selected either as "ansi def. Time" or "iec def. Time". In the dt mode, the operate output of the function is activated when th...

  • Page 798

    A060764 v1 en figure 423: operation of the counter in drop-off in case 1, the reset is delayed with the reset delay time setting and in case 2, the counter is reset immediately, because the reset delay time setting is set to zero. A070421 v1 en figure 424: drop-off period is longer than the set rese...

  • Page 799

    When the drop-off period is longer than the set reset delay time, as described in figure 424 , the input signal for the definite timer (here: timer input) is active, provided that the current is above the set start value. The input signal is inactive when the current is below the set start value and...

  • Page 800

    A070422 v1 en figure 426: operating effect of the block input when the selected blocking mode is "freeze timer" if the block input is activated when the operate timer is running, as described in figure 426 , the timer is frozen during the time block remains active. If the timer input is not active l...

  • Page 801

    The operate output of the component is activated when the cumulative sum of the integrator calculating the overcurrent situation exceeds the value set by the inverse-time mode. The set value depends on the selected curve type and the setting values used. The curve scaling is determined with the time...

  • Page 802

    Guid-20353f8b-2112-41cb-8f68-b51f8aca775e v1 en figure 427: operation time curve based on the idmt characteristic leveled out with the minimum operate time setting is set to 1000 milliseconds (the idmt sat point setting is set to maximum). Section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 7...

  • Page 803

    Guid-87a96860-4268-4ad1-aba1-3227d3bb36d5 v1 en figure 428: operation time curve based on the idmt characteristic leveled out with idmt sat point setting value “11” (the minimum operate time setting is set to minimum). 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 797 technic...

  • Page 804

    Guid-9bfd6dc5-08b5-4755-a899-df5ed26e75f6 v1 en figure 429: example of how the inverse time characteristic is leveled out with currents over 50 x in and the setting start value setting “2.5 x in”. (the idmt sat point setting is set to maximum and the minimum operate time setting is set to minimum). ...

  • Page 805

    The operate times for the ansi and iec idmt curves are defined with the coefficients a, b and c. The values of the coefficients can be calculated according to the formula: t s a i i b k c [ ] = >  − + ⋅ 1 a060821 v2 en (equation 99) t[s] operate time in seconds i measured current i> set start value...

  • Page 806

    A070750 v2 en figure 430: ansi extremely inverse-time characteristics section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 800 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 807

    A070751 v2 en figure 431: ansi very inverse-time characteristics 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 801 technical manual.

  • Page 808

    A070752 v2 en figure 432: ansi normal inverse-time characteristics section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 802 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 809

    A070753 v2 en figure 433: ansi moderately inverse-time characteristics 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 803 technical manual.

  • Page 810

    A070817 v2 en figure 434: ansi long-time extremely inverse-time characteristics section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 804 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 811

    A070818 v2 en figure 435: ansi long-time very inverse-time characteristics 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 805 technical manual.

  • Page 812

    A070819 v2 en figure 436: ansi long-time inverse-time characteristics section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 806 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 813

    A070820 v2 en figure 437: iec normal inverse-time characteristics 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 807 technical manual.

  • Page 814

    A070821 v2 en figure 438: iec very inverse-time characteristics section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 808 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 815

    A070822 v2 en figure 439: iec inverse-time characteristics 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 809 technical manual.

  • Page 816

    A070823 v2 en figure 440: iec extremely inverse-time characteristics section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 810 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 817

    A070824 v2 en figure 441: iec short-time inverse-time characteristics 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 811 technical manual.

  • Page 818

    A070825 v2 en figure 442: iec long-time inverse-time characteristics section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 812 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 819

    11.2.1.2 user-programmable inverse-time characteristics the user can define curves by entering parameters into the following standard formula: a060641 v2 en (equation 100) t[s] operate time (in seconds) a set curve parameter a b set curve parameter b c set curve parameter c e set curve parameter e i...

  • Page 820

    T[s] operate time (in seconds) k set time multiplier i measured current i> set start value section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 814 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 821

    A070826 v2 en figure 443: ri-type inverse-time characteristics 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 815 technical manual.

  • Page 822

    A070827 v2 en figure 444: rd-type inverse-time characteristics section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 816 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 823

    11.2.2 reset in inverse-time modes the user can select the reset characteristics by using the type of reset curve setting. Table 659: values for reset mode setting name possible values type of reset curve 1=immediate 2=def time reset 3=inverse reset immediate reset if the type of reset curve setting...

  • Page 824

    T[s] reset time (in seconds) k set time multiplier i measured current i> set start value table 660: coefficients for ansi delayed inverse reset curves curve name d (1) ansi extremely inverse 29.1 (2) ansi very inverse 21.6 (3) ansi normal inverse 0.46 (4) ansi moderately inverse 4.85 (6) long time e...

  • Page 825

    A070828 v1 en figure 445: ansi extremely inverse reset time characteristics 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 819 technical manual.

  • Page 826

    A070829 v1 en figure 446: ansi very inverse reset time characteristics section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 820 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 827

    A070830 v1 en figure 447: ansi normal inverse reset time characteristics 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 821 technical manual.

  • Page 828

    A070831 v1 en figure 448: ansi moderately inverse reset time characteristics section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 822 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 829

    A070832 v1 en figure 449: ansi long-time extremely inverse reset time characteristics 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 823 technical manual.

  • Page 830

    A070833 v1 en figure 450: ansi long-time very inverse reset time characteristics section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 824 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 831

    A070834 v1 en figure 451: ansi long-time inverse reset time characteristics the delayed inverse-time reset is not available for iec-type inverse time curves. User-programmable delayed inverse reset 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 825 technical manual.

  • Page 832

    The user can define the delayed inverse reset time characteristics with the following formula using the set curve parameter d. T s d i i k [ ] = >  − ⋅ 2 1 a060817 v3 en (equation 104) t[s] reset time (in seconds) k set time multiplier d set curve parameter d i measured current i> set start value 1...

  • Page 833

    11.3 voltage based inverse definite minimum time characteristics 11.3.1 idmt curves for overvoltage protection in inverse-time modes, the operate time depends on the momentary value of the voltage, the higher the voltage, the faster the operate time. The operate time calculation or integration start...

  • Page 834

    Guid-bcfe3f56-bfa8-4bcc-8215-30c089c80ead v1 en figure 452: operate time curve based on idmt characteristic with minimum operate time set to 0.5 second section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 828 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 835

    Guid-90baeb05-e8fb-4f8a-8f07-e110dd63fccf v1 en figure 453: operate time curve based on idmt characteristic with minimum operate time set to 1 second 11.3.1.1 standard inverse-time characteristics for overvoltage protection the operate times for the standard overvoltage idmt curves are defined with ...

  • Page 836

    T s k a b u u u c d e = ⋅ × − > > − + guid-6e9dc0fe-7457-4317-9480-8ccc6d63ab35 v2 en (equation 105) t [s] operate time in seconds u measured voltage u> the set value of start value k the set value of time multiplier table 661: curve coefficients for the standard overvoltage idmt curves curve name a...

  • Page 837

    Guid-acf4044c-052e-4cbd-8247-c6abe3796fa6 v1 en figure 454: inverse curve a characteristic of overvoltage protection 1yht530004d05 d section 11 general function block features 615 series 831 technical manual.

  • Page 838

    Guid-f5e0e1c2-48c8-4dc7-a84b-174544c09142 v1 en figure 455: inverse curve b characteristic of overvoltage protection section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 832 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 839

    Guid-a9898db7-90a3-47f2-aef9-45ff148cb679 v1 en figure 456: inverse curve c characteristic of overvoltage protection 11.3.1.2 user programmable inverse-time characteristics for overvoltage protection the user can define the curves by entering the parameters using the standard formula: 1yht530004d05 ...

  • Page 840

    T s k a b u u u c d e = ⋅ × − > > − + guid-6e9dc0fe-7457-4317-9480-8ccc6d63ab35 v2 en (equation 106) t[s] operate time in seconds a the set value of curve parameter a b the set value of curve parameter b c the set value of curve parameter c d the set value of curve parameter d e the set value of cur...

  • Page 841

    Inverse-time mode. The set value depends on the selected curve type and the setting values used. The user determines the curve scaling with the time multiplier setting. The minimum operate time setting defines the minimum operate time possible for the idmt mode. For setting a value for this paramete...

  • Page 842

    Guid-35f40c3b-b483-40e6-9767-69c1536e3cbc v1 en figure 457: : inverse curve a characteristic of undervoltage protection section 11 1yht530004d05 d general function block features 836 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 843

    Guid-b55d0f5f-9265-4d9a-a7c0-e274aa3a6bb1 v1 en figure 458: inverse curve b characteristic of undervoltage protection 11.3.2.2 user-programmable inverse-time characteristics for undervoltage protection the user can define curves by entering parameters into the standard formula: 1yht530004d05 d secti...

  • Page 844

    T s k a b u u u c d e = ⋅ × − + guid-4a433d56-d7fb-412e-b1ab-7fd43051ee79 v2 en (equation 108) t[s] operate time in seconds a the set value of curve parameter a b the set value of curve parameter b c the set value of curve parameter c d the set value of curve parameter d e the set value of curve par...

  • Page 845

    Maximum value is held as the measured value respectively with appropriate quality information. The frequency estimation requires 160 ms to stabilize after a bad quality signal. Therefore, a delay of 160 ms is added to the transition from the bad quality. The bad quality of the signal can be due to r...

  • Page 846

    I rms i i n n i = = ∑ 1 2 1 a070883 v2 en (equation 109) n the number of samples in a calculation cycle i i the current sample value dft the dft measurement principle is selected with the measurement mode setting using the value "dft". In the dft mode, the fundamental frequency component of the meas...

  • Page 847

    11.6 calculated measurements calculated residual current and voltage the residual current is calculated from the phase currents according to equation: io i i i a b c = − + + ( ) guid-b9280304-8ac0-40a5-8140-2f00c1f36a9e v1 en (equation 110) the residual voltage is calculated from the phase-to-earth ...

  • Page 848

    The phase-to-earth voltages are calculated from the phase-to-phase voltages when vt connection is selected as "delta" according to the equations. U u u u a ab ca = + − ( ) 0 3 / guid-8581e9ac-389c-40c2-8952-3c076e74bdec v1 en (equation 120) u u u u b bc ab = + − ( ) 0 / 3 guid-9eb6302c-2db8-482f-aac...

  • Page 849

    Section 12 requirements for measurement transformers 12.1 current transformers 12.1.1 current transformer requirements for non-directional overcurrent protection for reliable and correct operation of the overcurrent protection, the ct has to be chosen carefully. The distortion of the secondary curre...

  • Page 850

    The ct accuracy primary limit current describes the highest fault current magnitude at which the ct fulfils the specified accuracy. Beyond this level, the secondary current of the ct is distorted and it might have severe effects on the performance of the protection ied. In practise, the actual accur...

  • Page 851

    The factor 0.7 takes into account the protection ied inaccuracy, current transformer errors, and imperfections of the short circuit calculations. The adequate performance of the ct should be checked when the setting of the high set stage overcurrent protection is defined. The operate time delay caus...

  • Page 852

    A071142 v1 en figure 459: example of three-stage overcurrent protection the maximum three-phase fault current is 41.7 ka and the minimum three-phase short circuit current is 22.8 ka. The actual accuracy limit factor of the ct is calculated to be 59. The start current setting for low-set stage (3i>) ...

  • Page 853

    Section 13 ied physical connections 13.1 protective earth connections 7 6 7 8 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 5 4 3 2 1 8 6 23 1 2 3 4 5 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 a070772 v1 en figure 460: the protective earth screw is located between connectors x100 and x110 the ear...

  • Page 854

    13.3 communication connections the front communication connection is an rj-45 type connector used mainly for configuration and setting. For red615, the rear communication module is mandatory due to the connection needed for the line-differential protection communication. If station communication is ...

  • Page 855

    The default ip address of the ied through this port is 192.168.0.254. The front port supports tcp/ip protocol. A standard ethernet cat 5 crossover cable is used with the front port. The speed of the front connector interface is limited to 10 mbps. 13.3.2 ethernet rear connections the ethernet statio...

  • Page 856

    The maximum number of devices (nodes) connected to the bus where the ied is used is 32, and the maximum length of the bus is 1200 meters. 13.3.5 line differential protection communication connection the protection communication port using dedicated link is provided with either a single mode or a mul...

  • Page 857

    Table 664: supported station communication interfaces and protocols interfaces/ protocols ethernet serial 100base-tx rj-45 100base-fx lc 1) eia-232/eia-485 fibre-optic st iec 61850 ● ● - - modbus rtu/ ascii - - ● ● modbus tcp/ip ● ● - - iec 60870-5-103 - - ● ● ● = supported 1) not available for red6...

  • Page 858

    Com0008 com0010 irig-b com0012 irig-b+arc com0013 irig-b+arc com0014 lc+rs485+ rj-45+rs485+ lc+rs485+ irig-b rj-45+rs485+ com0011 com0023 rj-45+rs232/485+ rs485+st+ irig-b guid-07821ee0-53e5-44a8-82bf-1c1d652dd21e v1 en figure 462: communication module options section 13 1yht530004d05 d ied physical...

  • Page 859

    Com0031 3xrj-45 com0032 2xlc+rj-45+ st+arc com0033 3xrj-45+ st+arc com0034 lc+2xrj-45+ st+arc guid-af5b9b14-a1f1-4eed-96ad-da0665226860 v3 en figure 463: communication module options table 665: station bus communication interfaces included in communication modules module id rj-45 lc eia-485 eia-232 ...

  • Page 860

    Module id rj-45 lc eia-485 eia-232 st com0032 1 2 - - 1 com0033 3 - - - 1 com0034 2 1 - - 1 1) available only for red615. Table 666: led descriptions for com0001-com0014 led connector description 1) x1 x1 x1/lan link status and activity (rj-45 and lc) rx1 x5 com2 2-wire/4-wire receive activity tx1 x...

  • Page 861

    Table 669: led descriptions for com0031-com0034 led connector description x1 x1 x1/lan1 link status and activity x2 x2 x2/lan2 link status and activity x3 x3 x3/lan3 link status and activity rx x9 com1 fiber-optic receive activity tx x9 com1 fiber-optic transmit activity 13.3.8.1 com0001-com0014 jum...

  • Page 862

    Table 670: 2-wire eia-485 jumper connectors group jumper connection description notes x4 1-2 a+ bias enabled com2 2-wire connection 2-3 a+ bias disabled x5 1-2 b- bias enabled 2-3 b- bias disabled x6 1-2 bus termination enabled 2-3 bus termination disabled x7 1-2 b- bias enabled com1 2-wire connecti...

  • Page 863

    Group jumper connection description notes x7 1-2 b- bias enabled com2 4-wire rx channel 2-3 b- bias disabled 1) x8 1-2 a+ bias enabled 2-3 a+ bias disabled 1) x9 1-2 bus termination enabled 2-3 bus termination disabled 1) 1) default setting it is recommended to enable biasing only at one end of the ...

  • Page 864

    13.3.8.2 com0023 jumper locations and connections the optional communication module supports eia-232/eia-485 serial communication (x6 connector), eia-485 serial communication (x5 connector) and optical st serial communication (x12 connector). Two independent communication ports are supported. The tw...

  • Page 865

    6 x 2 6 x 8 x 1 1 x 1 9 x 9 x 5 x 7 x 2 1 x 6 x 2 0 1 2 3 1 2 3 x 1 7 x 1 8 x 1 6 x 15 x 14 x 13 1 2 3 x 24 1 2 3 x 3 x 25 1 2 3 5 4 3 2 1 x 2 7 x 2 8 3 2 1 guid-d4044f6b-2da8-4c14-a491-4772ba108292 v1 en figure 465: jumper connections on communication module com0023 revisions a-f 1yht530004d05 d se...

  • Page 866

    1 2 3 1 2 3 x24 x3 x 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 x 6 x 21 x7 x2 0 x 9 x 19 x 11 x 8 x 16 x1 8 x 27 x 13 x 26 3 2 1 x 14 x 15 x 28 x 17 3 2 1 guid-1e542c3a-f6e9-4f94-befd-ea3feec65fc8 v1 en figure 466: jumper connections on communication module com0023 revision g com1 port connection type can be either eia-232 or ...

  • Page 867

    To ensure fail-safe operation, the bus is to be biased at one end using the pull-up and pull-down resistors on the communication module. In the 4-wire connection, the pull-up and pull-down resistors are selected by setting jumpers x5, x6, x8, x9 to enabled position. The bus termination is selected b...

  • Page 868

    Table 678: 2-wire eia-485 jumper connectors for com2 group jumper connection description x13 1-2 2-3 a+ bias enabled a+ bias disabled x14 1-2 2-3 b- bias enabled b- bias disabled x15 1-2 2-3 bus termination enabled bus termination disabled table 679: 4-wire eia-485 jumper connectors for com2 group j...

  • Page 869

    Table 682: eia-485 connections for com0023 (x6) pin 2-wire mode 4-wire mode 1 - rx/+ 6 - rx/- 7 b/- tx/- 8 a/+ tx/+ table 683: eia-485 connections for com0023 (x5) pin 2-wire mode 4-wire mode 9 - rx/+ 8 - rx/- 7 a/+ tx/+ 6 b/- tx/- 5 agnd (isolated ground) 4 irig-b + 3 irig-b - 2 - 1 gnd (case) 13.3...

  • Page 870

    X 8 x 9 x 7 x 3 x 6 x 5 x 15 x 24 1 2 3 x 1 6 3 2 1 1 2 3 guid-fdc31d60-8f9f-4d2a-a1a2-f0e57553c06b v1 en figure 467: jumper connectors on communication module table 684: 2-wire eia-485 jumper connectors group jumper connection description notes x3 1-2 a+ bias enabled com1 2-wire connection 2-3 a+ b...

  • Page 871

    The bus is to be biased at one end to ensure fail-safe operation, which can be done using the pull-up and pull-down resistors on the communication module. In 4-wire connection the pull-up and pull-down resistors are selected by setting jumpers x3, x5, x7 and x8 to enabled position. The bus terminati...

  • Page 872

    Termination is enabled at each end of the bus it is recommended to ground the signal directly to earth from one node and through capacitor from other nodes. The optional communication modules include support for eia-485 serial communication (x5 connector). Depending on the configuration the communic...

  • Page 873

    X15 x24 3 2 1 3 2 1 guid-ca481bbf-c1c9-451d-bc18-19ec49b8a3a3 v1 en figure 468: jumper connections on communication module com0032 1yht530004d05 d section 13 ied physical connections 615 series 867 technical manual.

  • Page 874

    1 x15 3 x24 1 2 3 2 guid-4caf22e5-1491-44ef-bfc7-45017ded68f4 v1 en figure 469: jumper connections on communication module com0033 section 13 1yht530004d05 d ied physical connections 868 615 series technical manual.

  • Page 875

    3 1 x24 2 1 3 2 x15 guid-e54674fd-2e7f-4742-90ab-505772a0cff4 v1 en figure 470: jumper connections on communication module com0034 table 688: x9 optical st jumper connectors group jumper connection description x15 1-2 2-3 star topology loop topology x24 1-2 2-3 idle state = light on idle state = lig...

  • Page 876

    870

  • Page 877

    Section 14 technical data table 689: dimensions description value width frame 177 mm case 164 mm height frame 177 mm (4u) case 160 mm depth 201 mm (153 + 48 mm) weight complete ied 4.1 kg plug-in unit only 2.1 kg table 690: power supply description type 1 type 2 u aux nominal 100, 110, 120, 220, 240...

  • Page 878

    Table 691: energizing inputs description value rated frequency 50 hz current inputs rated current, i n 0.2/1 a 1)2) 1/5 a 3) thermal withstand capability: • continuously 4 a 20 a • for 1 s 100 a 500 a dynamic current withstand: • half-wave value 250 a 1250 a input impedance voltage inputs rated volt...

  • Page 879

    Table 693: binary inputs description value operating range ±20% of the rated voltage rated voltage 24...250 v dc current drain 1.6...1.9 ma power consumption 31.0...570.0 mw threshold voltage 18...176 v dc reaction time 3 ms table 694: rtd/ma inputs description value rtd inputs supported rtd sensors...

  • Page 880

    Table 696: signal outputs and irf output description value rated voltage 250 v ac/dc continuous contact carry 5 a make and carry for 3.0 s 10 a make and carry 0.5 s 15 a breaking capacity when the control-circuit time constant l/r 1 a/0.25 a/0.15 a minimum contact load 10 ma at 5 v ac/dc table 697: ...

  • Page 881

    Table 699: ethernet interfaces ethernet interface protocol cable data transfer rate front tcp/ip protocol standard ethernet cat 5 cable with rj-45 connector 10 mbits/s rear tcp/ip protocol shielded twisted pair cat 5e cable with rj-45 connector or fibre-optic cable with lc connector 100 mbits/s tabl...

  • Page 882

    Description value logic level ttl level current consumption 2...4 ma power consumption 10...20 mw 1) according to 200-04 irig -standard table 704: lens sensor and optical fibre for arc protection description value fibre-optic cable including lens 1.5 m, 3.0 m or 5.0 m normal service temperature rang...

  • Page 883

    Section 15 ied and functionality tests table 707: electromagnetic compatibility tests description type test value reference 1 mhz/100 khz burst disturbance test: iec 61000-4-18 iec 60255-22-1, class iii • common mode 2.5 kv • differential mode 1 kv electrostatic discharge test: iec 61000-4-2 iec 602...

  • Page 884

    Description type test value reference • common mode • differential mode 300 v rms 150 v rms emission tests: en 55011 cispr 11, group 1, class a • conducted, rf-emission (mains terminal) 0.15-0.50 mhz 0.5-30 mhz • radiated, rf-emission 30-230 mhz measured at 3 m distance 230-1000 mhz measured at 3 m ...

  • Page 885

    Table 710: environmental tests description type test value reference dry heat test • 96 h at +55ºc • 16 h at +85ºc 1)2) iec 60068-2-2 dry cold test • 96 h at -25ºc • 16 h at -40ºc iec 60068-2-1 damp heat test • 6 cycles (12 h + 12 h) at +25°c…+55°c, humidity >93% iec 60068-2-30 change of temperature...

  • Page 886

    880

  • Page 887

    Section 16 applicable standards and regulations en 50263 en 60255-26 en 60255-27 emc council directive 2004/108/ec eu directive 2002/96/ec/175 iec 60255 low-voltage directive 2006/95/ec 1yht530004d05 d section 16 applicable standards and regulations 615 series 881 technical manual.

  • Page 888

    882.

  • Page 889

    Section 17 glossary act 1. Application configuration tool in pcm600 2. Trip status in iec 61850 aim analog input module cat 5 a twisted pair cable type designed for high signal integrity cat 5e an enhanced version of cat 5 that adds specifications for far end crosstalk cb circuit breaker cbb cycle b...

  • Page 890

    Fpga field-programmable gate array goose generic object-oriented substation event gps global positioning system hmi human-machine interface hsr high-availability seamless redundancy hv high voltage hw hardware idmt inverse definite minimum time iec international electrotechnical commission iec 60870...

  • Page 891

    2. Polycarbonate pcm600 protection and control ied manager peak-to-peak 1. The amplitude of a waveform between its maximum positive value and its maximum negative value 2. A measurement principle where the measurement quantity is made by calculating the average from the positive and negative peak va...

  • Page 892

    Phases with a separate line or terminal, only one conductor is represented. Sld single-line diagram smt signal matrix tool in pcm600 sntp simple network time protocol sotf switch on to fault st connector type for glass fibre cable sw software tcp/ip transmission control protocol/internet protocol tc...

  • Page 893

    887.

  • Page 896

    Contact us abb nanjing sac power grid automation co., ltd. No. 11 phoenix road, jiangning development zone 211100 nanjing, china phone +86 25 51183000 fax +86 25 51183883 www.Abb.Com/substationautomation 1yht530004d05 d © copyright 2014 abb. All rights reserved..