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Yamaha AW4416 Tutorial

Manual is about: Professional Audio Workstation

Summary of AW4416

  • Page 1

    Professional audio workstation e tutorial.

  • Page 2: A Note About The Tutorial

    Tutorial—aw4416 professional audio workstation — tutorial 1 aw4416 professional audio workstation showing a yamaha aw4416 to a recording engineer, say, 20 years ago, would have a similar effect to showing an interplanetary probe to galileo. After the ini- tial shock both parties would probably nod t...

  • Page 3: Contents

    Tutorial—aw4416 professional audio workstation 2 — tutorial ❒ contents aw4416 professional audio workstation ........................................ 1 a note about the tutorial .................................................................... 1 contents .............................................

  • Page 4

    Tutorial—aw4416 professional audio workstation — tutorial 3 tracks 9 & 10: strings ........................................................................ 22 tracks 11, 12, & 13: chorus ............................................................... 22 track 14: lead vocal ............................

  • Page 5: Laying Down The Basic Tracks

    Tutorial—laying down the basic tracks — tutorial 5 laying down the basic tracks although the basic tracks you’ll use to assemble the “so fine” mix have already been recorded for you (of course you can add your own tracks, if you like), let’s take a moment to discuss the initial recording process. Th...

  • Page 6: Microphone Selection?

    Tutorial—laying down the basic tracks 6 — tutorial ❒ “scratch” or “guide” vocals if you’re working alone this won’t be necessary, but when recording a band it’s sometimes a good idea to have the singer lay down a “scratch vocal” track while recording the rhythm section. This is simply because bands ...

  • Page 7: Overdubs

    Tutorial—laying down the basic tracks — tutorial 7 ❒ overdubs the actual procedure for recording overdubs is really no different from recording the basic tracks, except that you’ll be monitoring previously recorded material while doing it. Remember to use a good pair of closed headphones to monitor ...

  • Page 8: Load The Demo Song

    Tutorial—load the demo song 8 — tutorial load the demo song before you can work on the demo song, you’ll first need to load it onto the aw4416 hard disk from the supplied cd-rom. This tutorial assumes that you already have a cd-rw drive configured for use with your aw4416. See the operation guide fo...

  • Page 9

    Tutorial—load the demo song — tutorial 9 load the demo song from the hard disk 1. Press the [song] key (and the [f1] function key if necessary to select the “song list” page). 2. Use the data dial to select “so fine”. 3. Move the cursor to “load” on the display and press [enter]. When the “will save...

  • Page 10: Mixdown

    Tutorial—mixdown 10 — tutorial mixdown although the term “mixdown” seems to imply a single action, it is really a pro- cess that can involve many interrelated steps. As you become more experienced, the individual steps will sort of blend into one larger operation. This is important because at all ti...

  • Page 11

    Tutorial—mixdown — tutorial 11 1. Make sure that the recorder [moni] mixing layer is selected. 2. Recall the scene number 01 “faders nominal” provided to set faders 1 through 14 to nominal (press the [scene] key, use the data dial to select the scene number 01 “faders nominal”, move the cursor to “r...

  • Page 12: Phase 2: Set Up A Rough Mix

    Tutorial—mixdown 12 — tutorial phase 2: set up a rough mix the rough mix is only the starting point for the final mix, and it doesn’t have to be perfect. The purpose of setting up a rough mix using only levels and panning is to give you a reference point on which to base decisions about more detaile...

  • Page 13: Add The Bass Track

    Tutorial—mixdown — tutorial 13 cases where the drums or other instrument seems to occupy the entire stereo field, try panning the left and right channels between about a third and half way to the maximum values. In the case of the “so fine” demo, however, the drums were recorded “live” in the studio...

  • Page 14: Add The Lead Vocal

    Tutorial—mixdown 14 — tutorial ❒ add the lead vocal ah-ha! Fooled you! You thought we were going to add the chorus parts on tracks 11, 12, and 13, and then add the lead vocal track, didn’t you! Well we won’t, and the reason is simply that the chorus parts really must be heard in relation to the lead...

  • Page 15: ❒ Tracks 1 & 2: Drums

    Tutorial—mixdown — tutorial 15 phase 3: assemble the mix part by part now we’re ready to do some serious work on the sound of the individual tracks in an attempt to make them “mesh” to create a well-balanced overall mix. ❒ tracks 1 & 2: drums listening to the drums in the context of the rough mix we...

  • Page 16: ❒ Track 4: Bass

    Tutorial—mixdown 16 — tutorial ❒ track 3: claves/electronic drums this track needs a bit of compression to make the electronic drums jump out of the mix when they appear at the outro. Later, when we work on the automation, we’ll boost this track a bit at the outro for extra impact. 1. Press the trac...

  • Page 17: ❒ Track 5: Rhythm Guitar

    Tutorial—mixdown — tutorial 17 ❒ track 5: rhythm guitar the rhythm guitar track needs to be a little “chunkier” to achieve the classic r&b type of sound we’re after. A little eq and compression will accomplish that feat, and the compression will also help to even out dynamic variations that cause th...

  • Page 18: ❒ Track 8: Piano

    Tutorial—mixdown 18 — tutorial ❒ track 8: piano we’ll use some eq to “thin out” the piano sound a bit, and give it a touch more presence so that it will come through in the mix a bit more. ❍ piano eq ❒ tracks 9 & 10: strings if we’d recorded real strings we might have needed a bit of processing here...

  • Page 19: ❒ Track 13: Male Chorus

    Tutorial—mixdown — tutorial 19 ❍ female chorus 2 compression ❒ track 13: male chorus the quality of this singer’s voice makes eq unnecessary in this situation, but some compression will be helpful to help the blend with the female chorus. ❍ male chorus compression ❒ track 14: lead vocal the lead voc...

  • Page 20: Phase 4: Add Ambience

    Tutorial—mixdown 20 — tutorial phase 4: add ambience “ambience” effects such as reverb, delay, and echo are generally used to provide a sense of space and warmth. So far we’ve worked with the “dry” (i.E. No effects) tracks, but many engineers and artists would already have ambience effects in place....

  • Page 21: ❒ Tracks 1 & 2: Drums

    Tutorial—mixdown — tutorial 21 ❒ add ambience to the tracks as required all you have to do now is use the faders in the aux 7 mode to add the required degree of the reverb room effect to the tracks. ❒ tracks 1 & 2: drums drums usually benefit from a touch of reverb, especially if they have been reco...

  • Page 22: ❒ Track 7: Organ

    Tutorial—mixdown 22 — tutorial ❒ track 7: organ instruments like organ always present a challenge when trying to decide on the right amount of reverb to add. The sustained nature of the sound means you can add a lot of reverb before you really notice it … but it’s there, and probably playing havoc w...

  • Page 23: ❒ Save The Song!

    Tutorial—mixdown — tutorial 23 ❒ save the song! We can’t emphasize enough how important it is to keep saving your work at rela- tively short intervals. Accidents do happen, and if after several hours of hard work your aw4416 is accidentally unplugged, or there’s a power failure, or your pet cat deci...

  • Page 24: Tion

    Tutorial—mixdown 24 — tutorial phase 5: finalize the mix & set up automa- tion well, the basic mix is pretty much done. Now that all the processing and effects are in place you should listen carefully and make any final adjustments. But as you listen to the mix we’ve set up you’ll probably notice th...

  • Page 25: ❒ The Automix

    Tutorial—mixdown — tutorial 25 ❒ the automix the general flow of the automix is described below in reference to absolute counter times. Please note that the times given are not precise. Use them as a guide. ❍ 00:00:00 the first thing you’ll notice is that the channel on keys for tracks 8 through 14 ...

  • Page 26

    Tutorial—mixdown 26 — tutorial ❍ 00:01:31 the lead guitar on track 6 and the lead vocal on track 14 have been brought back down to their “normal” levels. The organ level is also returned to normal. ❍ 00:01:39 the level of the male chorus track (13) is boosted a bit here because for the next couple o...

  • Page 27: Alternate Mix

    Tutorial—mixdown — tutorial 27 phase 6: use the virtual tracks to create an alternate mix if you feel that you need a little more practice with the mixing process, try select- ing the alternative string and vocal tracks we’ve provided and see how they change the overall sound. Otherwise you can skip...

  • Page 28: Mastering

    Tutorial—mastering 28 — tutorial mastering when you think mastering, think “subtle”. But just because it’s subtle doesn’t mean that it can’t have a huge impact on the overall sound of a song. Mastering is the process of making final adjustments to the overall sound, usually involving the application...

  • Page 29

    Tutorial—mastering — tutorial 29 3. Move the cursor down to the scene number in the event list (it should be “05” if you changed it as we suggested on page 24) and use the data dial to change the scene number to “06”. 4. Now go back to the view display or any other display you want to watch while li...

  • Page 30: Practice, Practice …

    Tutorial—practice, practice … 30 — tutorial step 3: write the song to a cd-r disk this procedure is described in detail in the aw4416 operation guide (page 255), so we won’t go into it here. But now you know how the entire process works — from the basic tracks to cd. Practice, practice … really. Mix...

  • Page 31: Glossary

    Tutorial—glossary — tutorial 31 glossary ❒ galileo an early astronomer who lived in the 16 th –17 th century, and who most certainly never saw anything like an interplanetary probe. We’re pretty sure he never saw an aw4416, either. ❒ close-miking as the term implies, “close-miking” involves placing ...

  • Page 32: ❒ Directional Microphone

    Tutorial—glossary 32 — tutorial ❒ directional microphone a microphone which primarily picks up sound from only one general direction is a “directional” microphone. This can be handy in maximizing separation in the studio (and in reducing feedback on stage), because you can simply aim the microphone ...

  • Page 33

    So fine written and arranged by karl christmas engineered and produced by darren allison vocals: rusharn simpson vocals, backing vocals, guitars and keyboards: karl christmas backing vocals: billie godfrey bass: finn day-lewis drums: andrew small recorded at protocol studios and darren’s studios, lo...

  • Page 34

    Yamaha corporation v678610 r1 1 ip 36 pro audio & digital musical instrument division p.O. Box 3, hamamatsu, 430-8651, japan 00 08 7000 ap printed in japan.